专题05 阅读理解20篇（说明文）（重庆专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解20篇（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·重庆·二模）Growing resistance to antibiotics (抗生素) is getting worse. In a July 2025 essay in Physical Review Letters, de la Fuente, a bioengineer and computational biologist, warned of a “post-antibiotic” era. But de la Fuente is using artificial intelligence to bring about a different future. His team is training AI tools to search for peptides with antibiotic properties. His vision is to organize those peptides — molecules (分子 ) made of up to 50 amino acids linked together — into various arrangements, including some never seen in nature. The results, he hopes, could defend the body against bacteria that withstand traditional treatments. In August 2025, his team described peptides hiding in the genetic code of ancient single-celled organisms. And in an ongoing project de la Fuente calls “molecular de-extinction”, he and his team have been scanning published genetic sequences of extinct species for potentially functional molecules. In the history of life on Earth, de la Fuente reasons, maybe some organism evolved an antimicrobial (抗菌的) defense that could be helpful today. Biology is an information source, de la Fuente explains, “It’s like a bunch of code.” The code of DNA has four letters; proteins and peptides have 20, where each “letter” represents an amino acid. De la Fuente says his work amounts to training AI models to recognize sequences of letters that encode antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs. “If you think about it that way”, he says, “you can design programs to mine the code and identify functional molecules, which can be developed into various drugs: antimicrobials to fight infections, antimalarials to combat malaria, or anticancer agents to treat tumors.” Practically speaking, we’re still not there: These peptides haven’t yet been transformed into usable drugs that help people. But AMPs are appealing because the body already uses them. They’re a critical part of the immune system and often the first line of defense against infections. Unlike conventional antibiotics, which typically have one trick for killing bacteria, AMPs often exhibit a multimodal approach. They may destroy the cell wall and the genetic material inside, as well as a variety of cellular processes. 1．What does “the results” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Artificial peptides. B．Drug-resistant bacteria. C．Trained AI tools. D．Antibiotics. 2．What can we learn about “molecular de-extinction” project? A．It aims to bring extinct species back to life. B．It focuses on how organism evolved. C．It explores genetic resources from the past. D．It has already produced usable drugs. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Where scientists find functional molecules. B．Why DNA has fewer letters than proteins. C．What diseases have been cured by AMPs. D．How AI models work for drug discovery. 4．What is the advantage of AMPs over conventional antibiotics? A．They form the first line of defense. B．They attack through multiple modes. C．They interrupt healing processes. D．They accelerate body recovery. Passage 2 （2026·重庆·二模）ColorWalk, also referred to as Color Hunting overseas, offers a fresh approach to reducing daily anxiety and managing emotions. ColorWalk requires no complicated preparation or specific destination. The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk with the sole aim of spotting everything in that color. This simple act initiates a relaxing journey. Many people find that this“purposeful walking” helps them temporarily escape mental friction and rediscover the small, beautiful moments in daily life. Ms. Kang, troubled by anxiety due to overtime work, chose green for her first ColorWalk. During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. A college student used ColorWalk to cope with finals week. When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. Her mood immediately lifted. This simple task activates areas of the brain responsible for attention control. By actively choosing where to focus, people can step back from repetitive worries, returning to “the present moment.” In a world of fragmented information, mental exhaustion is common. ColorWalk provides an easy way to keep our minds healthy, offering overworked brains a brief opportunity to reset and recover. Observing colors is also a vital part of the healing process. Different colors, with their unique light wavelengths, evoke varied feelings in the nervous system. Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people, which is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. 1．What is the primary rule of ColorWalk? A．To head for a predetermined destination. B．To make detailed preparations in advance. C．To focus on a specific color in the walk. D．To document the journey on social media. 2．What does the example of Ms. Kang and the college student show? A．The scientific basis of ColorWalk. B．Different reactions to ColorWalk. C．The wide appeal of ColorWalk. D．The practical benefits of ColorWalk. 3．How does ColorWalk affect the brain? A．It increases disordered information. B．It refreshes mental concentration. C．It keeps the brain stuck on worries. D．It offers a lasting cure for tiredness. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．With examples and effects. B．With a list of some light colors. C．With historical background. D．With a contrast of different ideas. Passage 3 （2026·重庆九龙坡·二模）In theory, coming up with a fair division of housework should be simple: Take all the tasks and divide them equally between two partners. In practice, it’s more complicated. A new study complicates the picture of couples’(dis) satisfaction with how they split up chores: It found that men and women in long-term partnerships tend to be happier with their relationship when they share responsibility for each chore on their to-do list, as opposed to when each partner has their own set of tasks. In one data set, Carlson, the author of the study, found that couples who managed each chore jointly were twice as likely to say that their division of labor was fair as couples who assigned chores to one partner or another— even though both groups split the overall workload more or less equally. To be clear, these findings don’t necessarily mean that a certain chore distribution caused couples to become happier — couples that are happier and more cooperative may be more likely to share responsibilities for every chore in the first place. That said, if the chore distribution is what matters, maybe the explanation is that sharing responsibilities builds a spirit of teamwork, or encourages couples to communicate better. A “grass is greener” effect could also be at play; if you never have to fold the laundry, that task may start to seem more tolerable than the pile of dirty dishes you’re about to work through. Yet there’s another possibility: there might be something about really understanding all the work in the home that makes people appreciate their partner and what they’re doing more deeply. Melissa Milkie, a sociologist at the University of Toronto who wasn’t involved in the study, told me, “If you’re the partner that never cleans the bathroom, you might not realize how much energy it takes.” 1．What do we know about housework division from the first paragraph? A．Dividing tasks cuts conflict. B．Separate tasks lift happiness. C．Sharing each chore brings joy. D．Equal workload brings fairness. 2．What does the “grass is greener” effect suggest about chores? A．Couples envy others’ responsibilities. B．Unassigned tasks seem less burdensome. C．Partners avoid disliked tasks intentionally. D．All chores feel equally difficult over time. 3．What does Milkie imply about separating chores? A．It may take more physical energy. B．It may promote household efficiency. C．It may lead to underestimating partners’ work. D．It may deepen understanding between partners. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To advocate a new chore division model. B．To analyze the reasons for sharing chores. C．To criticize the unfair division of chores. D．To explain couples’ feeling of chore division. Passage 4 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模）No matter how old we get, there will always be some songs that transport us back in time. We only need to hear a few notes of a tune, and we remember where we were when we first heard it, what we were doing and who we were with. For most people the songs that remain most meaningful are those from their teens and 20s. The continued impact of these songs is due to something called the “reminiscence bump” — a tendency for people to have more vivid memories from their youth and early adulthood. During this time our brains are still developing, and we have less control over our emotions, which makes our experiences more vivid and the music we hear more intense. That’s why, for most people, the emotional connection to music peaks during adolescence and early adulthood. In fact, a new study from Finland suggests that this peak is actually around the age of 17. Previous studies have looked at the “reminiscence bump” in Western populations, but the Finnish research team wanted to look at how it affects people globally, and if it affects men and women differently. They studied 1,891 people from 84 countries. The participants were first asked to share their age and to name a piece of music that was important or meaningful to them. The researchers then compared the participants’ ages with the release dates of the music they named. The average peak age for personally meaningful music was 17, although there was some difference between men and women. And, for men, the peak age was around 16, while for women it was 19. One possible explanation for this is that men tend to form their music-related memories earlier, during the resistant stage of adolescence, perhaps choosing songs that celebrate independence. Women, on the other hand, may prefer music that relates to important social and emotional connections, which take longer to develop. 1．What can be learned about “reminiscence bump” from paragraph 2? A．It transports us to childhood. B．It generates vivid memories. C．It intensifies youthful experiences. D．It helps recollect adolescent events. 2．What does the Finnish research team focus on? A．Challenging existing theories and collecting new data. B．Identifying the peak age and comparing music preference. C．Expanding the research scope and observing gender difference. D．Confirming previous findings and analyzing emotional intensity. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 4 about the study? A．It is step-outlined. B．It is thought-inspiring. C．It is state-funded. D．It is time-consuming. 4．Why do men and women have different peak ages? A．They mature at varying ages. B．They favor distinct music themes. C．They have diverse musical talents. D．They value separate social behaviors. Passage 5 （2026·重庆·二模）Hundreds of teenagers have walked in through the doors of Britain’s National Centre for Gaming Disorders since it opened. Lately, however, it has admitted a small but steady stream of different patients — 67 people over the age of 40. The oldest, addicted to games on her smartphone, was 72. As today’s 60-somethings enter retirement, time spent on smart devices is shooting up. “They are increasingly living their lives through their phones, the way teenagers sometimes do”, says Dr. Ipsit Vahia. The elderly have long been champion television-watchers. Now, however, the newly retired are the most enthusiastic adopters of digital devices. Combining TV and smart devices, those of retirement age clock up more daily screen time than young adults. In countries where the trend is most advanced, people are starting to worry about elderly smartphone users in the same way that they worry about teens. A study in South Korea estimated that 15% of those aged 60 to 69 were at risk of phone addiction. Research from Japan found screen time was associated with less physical activity among the elderly, while a survey in China linked it to worse sleep. With more screen time, older people face some online risks that teenagers do not. Their phones and tablets are often linked to bank accounts. In-game purchases can empty wallets, and bad guys can rob victims within the same app. Moreover, they also lack the social guardrails that regulate teenagers’ screen time. During the day, teachers police teens’ phone usage, while parents do the reminding in the evening. By contrast, elderly people are their own bosses and may not have someone to guide them towards help. Yet an increase in screen time among the elderly is by no means all bad. Messaging apps bring family closer. Gaming kills the time. Spotify and YouTube serve as a reminder of childhood, bringing back music and videos. For better or worse, seniors’ screen time has much further to grow. 1．What trend does the text mainly highlight? A．Seniors are using IT devices more than youths. B．Screen use is rising among older adults. C．Uncontrolled gaming is emerging as a concern. D．Internet is reshaping the retirement life. 2．What concern is raised about elderly smartphone users? A．They may become socially separated. B．Their phone use limits their activities. C．They are unaware of digital addiction. D．Their screen use affects their health. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Greater personal freedom heightens digital risks. B．Older adults are the main target of online crimes. C．Financial links on digital devices cause money loss. D．External guidance prevents unsafe online behavior. 4．Why are messaging apps and media platforms mentioned? A．To show benefits of screen use. B．To explain seniors’ preferences. C．To stress entertainment choices. D．To predict future screen growth. Passage 6 （2026·重庆渝中·二模）An ant species has evolved a remarkable solution to the danger of excess carbon dioxide inside their nests, which may hold clues to how humans can store greenhouse gases to prevent climate disaster. Fungus-farming (种植真菌) ants collect vegetation to feed cultivated fungi grown inside their colonies. In turn, the fungi serve as their primary food source. The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests. In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria, which transform CO₂ into rock using chemical processes that aren’t yet properly understood. Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria, becoming the first known animal to have evolved this ability. Remarkably, the mineral they make is dolomite. Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. Yet the ants do this quickly and effortlessly, without high temperatures, says team member Hongjie Li at Zhejiang University in China. Dolomite consists of calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Forming it in the lab is difficult because magnesium doesn’t easily fit into the calcium carbonate structure, which slows down crystal formation, says Currie. To try to overcome this, he says, scientists use high temperatures and pressures. The next phase of the team’s research will try to find out how ants are able to accomplish this. In an effort to counteract global warming, scientists are exploring techniques for converting atmospheric CO2 into carbonate minerals, essentially turning carbon into stone. “These ants are the first animal shown to be engaging in such a process, offering exciting potential as a model for human efforts,” says Currie. 1．What can we learn about the fungus-farming ants’ nest? A．It stays open to outside air. B．It contains a high level of CO₂. C．It is too unstable for ants to survive. D．It provides little room for fungal growth. 2．What makes Sericomymex amabilis different from Acromyrmex echinatior in mineral formation? A．A wider geographic range. B．Involvement of a new fungus. C．A fully understood mechanism. D．Independence from bacterial help. 3．Which word best describes dolomite formation in nature? A．Simple. B．Risky. C．Time-consuming. D．Pressure-dependent. 4．How is the text mainly organized? A．Problem → solutions → outcome. B．Claim → counterclaim → resolution. C．Definition → classification → summary. D．Discovery → explanation → implications. Passage 7 （2026·重庆·二模）Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect. The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon. This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things. The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To analyse reasons. B．To make a comparison. C．To lead in the topic. D．To present viewpoints. 2．What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3? A．An attempt to escape stress from one’s work. B．A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life. C．A rush to show off one’s wealth. D．A biological urge to seek novelty. 3．What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Uncontrollable. C．Adaptable. D．Casual. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．When One New Thing Changes Everything B．The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony C．How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase D．The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption Passage 8 （2026·重庆·二模）As humans burn fossil (化石) fuels, rising temperatures are already driving more severe heat waves, floods, droughts, and wildfires. But there are even bigger impacts on the horizon. Climate change may also be pushing Earth's crucial systems — from the Amazon rainforest to polar ice sheets — so far out of balance that they collapse, sending disastrous effects across the planet. Warm water corals are the first. According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Since 2023, the world's reefs have been enduring the worst mass bleaching (白化) event on record as oceans reach record high temperatures, with more than 80% affected. What was an underwater richness of color and life is being replaced with a bleached, seaweed-dominated landscape. Coral reefs are an essential habitat for marine species, are vital for food security, contribute trillions to the global economy and protect coastal areas from storms. If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it's all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels. Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts. Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵). Once replaced, polluting technologies are unlikely to come back as cleaner options are cheaper and better, it found. 1．What is described as the first climate tipping point the planet has reached? A．Polar ice sheets' melting. B．Coral reefs' massive loss. C．Ocean currents' collapse. D．Amazon rainforest's decline. 2．Why is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To warn worse consequences may arise. B．To lead in another natural phenomenon. C．To compare effects of various Earth's systems. D．To show the potential effect of coral bleaching. 3．What does Manjana Milkoreit think of current climate policies? A．Predictive. B．Achievable. C．Insufficient. D．Unchangeable. 4．What positive change does the report highlight? A．Polluting technologies have been banned globally. B．Fossil fuel use has declined to pre-industrial levels. C．Coral reefs are recovering due to new technologies. D．Cleaner energy technologies are advancing quickly. Passage 9 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason?Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. For another example, consider vacations. A few years ago, Tali, an employee in a travel company,went on a work trip to a sunny resort in the Dominican Republic. She wondered if people had a better time at the start of their trips. She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest. Thereafter it was all downhill. Even when they returned home, many still benefited from a warm holiday afterglow (回味). But within a week, they adjusted to normal life, making it hard to detect any vacation effect on their mood.This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year,rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often. What about unpleasant experiences? Should you divide those up too? Most people want to bear the unpleasantness bit by bit. When researchers asked people whether they would like a break from a bad smell or just bear it all at once and be done with it, 90 people said,“Breaks, please!”. The vast majority — 82 out of 119 — also said they wanted a break from an annoying noise. However, this is incorrect.Breaks interrupted their natural habituation to the unwelcome stimulus. For unpleasant tasks, it’s wiser not to chop them up. Otherwise, when you return, things seem worse. The results of psychological experiments are clear, however, and being mindful of habituation’s powerful effect could help us all experience a bit less pain and a little more pleasure. 1．How does the author introduce the concept of habituation? A．By giving a vivid example. B．By listing specific numbers. C．By illustrating cause and effect. D．By providing a theoretical model. 2．What does Tali’s survey show? A．The ratings of vacation. B．The influence of vacation. C．The reasons for happiness. D．The peak time of happiness. 3．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．Fresh weekend trips. B．A regular walking route. C．Breaks from cleaning the toilet. D．Frequent tasting of a delicious dish. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to avoid habituation in daily life. B．To introduce the concept of habituation and its influences. C．To compare people’s reactions to pleasant and unpleasant things. D．To present research findings on holiday and work experience. Passage 10 （2026·重庆·一模）Researchers showed people pictures of two knots (绳结) and asked them to point to the strongest one. They couldn’t. They showed people videos of each knot, where the knots turn slowly so they could get a good long look. They still failed. People couldn’t even manage it when researchers showed them each knot next to a diagram of the knots’ construction. The study in the journal Open Mind reveals a new blind spot in our physical reasoning. The experiment is the brainchild of a PhD student in Firestone’s lab, Sholei Croom. Croom, who studies intuitive (直觉的) physics, or what people understand about the environment just from looking at it, suspected knots might be a rare blind spot. “People make predictions all the time about how the physics of the world will play out but something about knots didn’t feel intuitive to me,” Croom says. “You don’t need to touch a pile of books to judge its stability. You don’t have to feel a bowling ball to guess how many pins it will knock over.” The researchers showed participants four knots that are physically similar but have a range of strength. People were asked to look at the knots, two at a time, and point to the strongest one. Participants were consistently incorrect. What’s more, the few times they guessed right, they did so for the wrong reasons, pointing to aspects of the knot that had nothing to do with its strength. The knots ranged from one of the strongest basic knots in existence to one so weak that it can come undone if you just touch it gently. Even between those two, side by side, people couldn’t point to the strong one. The human psychological system just fails to ascertain any physical knowledge from the properties of the knot. Objects that aren’t rigid, such as string, may be harder for people to reason about than solid ones, Croom says. “It’s a nice case study into how many open questions still remain in our ability to reason about the environment.” 1．Why does Croom design the study? A．To test the strength of different types of knots. B．To explore ways in predicting patterns of knots. C．To test the visual judgment of knot strength. D．To measure the intuitive effects of knot tying. 2．Why does Croom mention judging a “pile of books” and a “bowling ball”? A．To list common tasks in intuitive physics studies. B．To contrast easy judgments with the knot challenge. C．To prove that physical reasoning is always accurate. D．To argue for the need to touch objects for judgment. 3．What can be inferred about the participants in the study? A．They performed better when shown turning videos. B．They correctly identified knots based on key features. C．Their correct guesses were not based on relevant clues. D．They lacked any personal experience with tying knots. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Brief Introduction to Different Types of Knots B．A New Blind Spot in Human Perception Found C．How Intuitive Physics Helps Understand the World D．Why Some People Are Better at Judging Knot Strength Passage 11 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. The mudstones, found in a dusty riverbed by NASA’s Perseverance Rover, are dotted with interesting markings named leopard spots and poppy seeds. Scientists believe these features contain minerals produced by chemical reactions that could be associated with ancient Martian microbes (微生物). The Perseverance Rover, which touched down on the Martian surface in 2021, was sent to search for signs of biology. It has spent the last four years exploring a region called the Jezero Crater, which was once an ancient lake with a river flowing into it. The rover found the leopard print rocks last year.They are about 3.5bn years old and are a type of rock called mudstone, which is fine- grained rock formed from clays. The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. In similar conditions on Earth, chemical reactions creating minerals are typically driven by microbes. It’s possible the minerals were produced by natural geological (地质的) processes, but at a press conference NASA said the features could be the clearest signs of life ever found. The only way to fully confirm if the minerals were made by microbes would be to bring the rocks back to Earth for analysis. A Mars sample return mission has been proposed by NASA but its future looks highly uncertain. The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. NASA’s plans for such an effort hang in the balance because of the threatened budget cuts, but China is also pursuing a sample return mission that could launch in 2028. While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By drawing a contrast. B．By using an example. C．By asking a question. D．By citing an opinion. 2．What is the role of the Perseverance Rover according to the passage? A．It sent back the rock samples. B．It performed the entire analysis. C．It confirms the biological origin. D．It serves as a mobile laboratory. 3．Why is it difficult for scientist to get a Mars sample? A．Because of the uncertain future. B．Because of the funding quarrel. C．Because of the reduced budget. D．Because of the incomplete decision. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Budget cuts don’t affect NASA． B．NASA’s plan has been canceled. C．China’s mission has not started. D．Scientists long for rock samples. Passage 12 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）For 17-year-old Maya Tan in Manila, identity comes with a question mark. Born toChinese- Filipino parents, she speaks Tagalog at school, Mandarin at home, and English on social media. “I’m 100% Filipino and 100% Chinese,” she says. “Which means I’m constantly doing math.” Maya represents Generation Drift — the third wave of Chinese immigrants’ children coping with diminished heritage. A 2024 survey by Ateneo de Manila University found that 68% of Chinese-Filipino teens feel “culturally anchorless,” unable to claim either identity fully. The pressure intensifies during festivals. “At Chinese New Year, my relatives call me ‘too Westernized,’” Maya explains. “But at school, classmates see me as ‘too Chinese.’” The disconnect extends beyond identity. When her grandfather fell ill in 2024, Maya struggled to communicate in Fujianese, his native dialect. She used a translation app, but it failed to capture the emotional shade. “I told him get well soon, but the app made it sound like a business email,” she recalls. The moment woke her to what’s lost in linguistic ordeal. In response, Maya co-founded BridgeSpeak, a youth-led initiative teaching conversational Fujianese through storytelling and K-pop cultural fusions. “We don’t learn to be more Chinese,’” she clarifies. “We learn to hold both worlds without splitting ourselves.” The project now has 500 members across Southeast Asia, each carrying their own hybrid reality. Yet Maya questions the ultimate goal. “Will my grandchildren still feel this gap?” she wonders. For now, she finds peace in the in-between, where identity isn’t a math problem to solve, but a story to live. 1．What does Maya mean by “constantly doing math”? A．She excels in mathematics at school. B．She calculates cultural identity percentages. C．She manages multiple language translations. D．She balances family expectations with peer pressure. 2．What does the survey from Ateneo de Manila University reveal? A．Most Chinese-Filipino teens reject their heritage. B．Bilingual education leads to identity confusion. C．Many feel unable to fully embrace either culture. D．Westernization strengthens cultural identity. 3．Why did the translation app fail to satisfy Maya? A．It lacked medical terms. B．It produced grammatically incorrect sentences. C．It couldn’t convey subtle emotional differences. D．It didn’t support Fujianese dialect. 4．What is BridgeSpeak’s core philosophy? A．To revive endangered Chinese dialects. B．To help youth embrace double identities. C．To promote K-pop culture in Southeast Asia. D．To separate cultural identities completely. Passage 13 （2026·重庆·一模）“Where’s your squeaky ball? Bring me your panda bear! ” It’s not unusual for dogs to learn the names of their favorite toys. But some dogs can categorize toys by how they’re used during play, researchers now report. They can even decide what category a new toy should be in, based on how it’s used. And that’s without any verbal or physical clues. The team, led by Claudia Fugazza of Eötvös Loránd University, recruited 11 dogs and their owners to take part in the new study. Each dog was studied at home. First, owners played games with their dogs: either “pull” (tug-of-war) or “throw (fetch).” During each game, the owner repeatedly said the category out loud. Toys were assigned to a category at random. In other words, a toy’s physical traits (特征) did not dictate how it would be used. Game playing continued until the dogs related each toy to either “pull” or “throw.” Then, owners and dogs played the same pull or throw game with toys the dogs had not seen before. This time, the owners did not name the activities out loud. Next, owners asked their dogs to “bring me a pull” or “bring me a throw” from a toy pile. This tested if the dogs applied the labels based on their play with that toy. These dogs picked a new toy right most of the time. Previous animal studies that categorized things by their use relied on lab settings and formal training. “This is the first study exploring this cognitive skill in animals in their natural environment while making sure the dogs got only social cues (提示),” Fugazza says. Fugazza says the new study doesn’t show that all dogs have this functional-labeling skill. “But,” she adds, “I wouldn’t exclude that.” Next, researchers may want to explore what other mental categories these dogs can learn, and what brain activities underlie these abilities. 1．What does the underlined word “dictate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Hide. B．Change. C．Determine. D．Contradict. 2．The new-toy games were mainly designed to test dogs’________. A．emotional sensitivity B．transferable abilities C．problem-solving speed D．resistance to distractions 3．What distinguishes the new study from earlier ones? A．It involved new toys. B．It excluded social cues. C．It required stricter drills. D．It avoided unnatural settings. 4．What may researchers explore next? A．How else can dogs sort toys? B．Which kind of dogs can label toys? C．Why can some dogs learn toy names? D．What other cues affect dogs’ brain activities? Passage 14 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）“You’re addicted to cheap dopamine and it’s killing your motivation,” Berlin-based TikTok creator Tiziana Bucec said in a video. The video — which has over 2.9 million views — is a part of the nineteen-year-old’s anti-brain rot (腐化) series, dedicated to sharing tips on how to take back your brain. “Maybe today, do one thing that gives your brain a delayed reward — go for a walk, write something or clean your space.” Bucec is one of a growing trend of Gen Z influencers looking to wrestle with “brain rot” — a perceived mental worsening that comes from constant scrolling. The average American Gen Z spends over six hours a day scrolling on social media platforms like TikTok, and Instagram. Experts warn that young adults may be experiencing symptoms of accelerated brain aging as a result of too much social media consumption. “Brain rot is not really rotting our brains,” says Earl Miller, a cognitive neuroscientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “It’s constantly creating an environment that our brains are not equipped to deal with. We’re single-minded creatures and when all this information is coming at us, we want to consume everything and it’s hard to turn off that desire.” Even the chronically(长期地) online are encouraging their followers to take action against brain rot. TikTok has been flooded with mind maintenance videos, accumulating thousands of views for their cognitive health advice and anti-brain rot tutoring lessons. Digital detox (排毒) tools are also on the rise — from Brick, which blocks distracting apps, to the cozy Focus Friend. Using technology to stay away from social media may seem illogical, but research shows that regulating screen time and selecting the types of digital content you consume is linked to improved cognitive health. Gen Z’s unplugged movement is gaining popularity, and research is beginning to reveal how off-screen alternatives affects the brain. Experts recommend scheduling intentional social media breaks and even setting a timer to remind you to step away from your device even for a short while.“What I know about the brain is the sooner you get started on protecting your brain health, the better off you are,” says Small. 1．What made Tiziana Bucee post “anti-brain rot” video series? A．Encouraging people to spend more time online. B．Criticizing social media for causing brain aging. C．Promoting the application of digital detox tools. D．Reducing young people’s reliance on social media. 2．What can we infer about “brain rot” according to Earl Miller? A．It causes physical damage to human brains. B．It overloads brains with too much information C．It is a rare mental disorder among young adults. D．It can be cured by consuming more digital content. 3．What does the popularity of mind maintenance videos imply? A．Gen Z’s concern about cognitive health is increasing. B．Social media platforms are improving content quality. C．Most young adults are suffering from bad brain aging. D．TikTok improves the brain’s ability to process content. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gen Z’s Campaign against Brain Rot B．A Warning against Using Technology C．Digital Tools for Health Improvement D．Bad Effects of Social Media Addiction Passage 1 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）Blind patients can read and recognise faces again with a “revolutionary” bionic (仿生的) chip, signaling a “new era” for artificial vision. It is a super- thin wireless microchip, measuring 2 mm by 2 mm, which is inserted under the retina (视网膜) and links to a video-camera on a pair of augmented-reality glasses. The device works with the camera recording the scene in front of the patient, and then AI changes the information to an infrared (红外线的) signal sent to the chip. Upon receiving the signal, the chip stimulates undamaged inner retinal neurons, so they can transmit the signal to the brain, where it is interpreted as vision. The chip insertion takes just a few hours, activated after a month, but it takes patients several more months to learn how to see again using the device. Dozens of patients who lost their eyesight through age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were fitted with the device on a trial including Moorfields Hospital in London, with more than 80% seeing major improvements. About 600,000 people in the UK suffer from AMD, a number that is expected to increase with an ageing population. In the new trial, 38 patients who were suffering from geographic atrophy were enrolled in trials across Britain,France, and Italy. After one year of using the system, most participants showed significant improvement in their ability to read letters on a standard eye chart, with an average improvement of 25.5 letters and five lines, and one improving by as many as 59 letters, or 12 lines. Mahi Muqit, senior consultant at Moorfields Eye Hospital, said, “These are elderly patients who were no longer able to read, write or recognise faces due to lost vision. They couldn’t even see the vision chart before. Now they’ve gone from being in darkness to being able to start using their vision again. In the history of artificial vision, this represents a new era. Blind patients are actually able to have meaningful central vision restoration, which has never been done before.” 1．How does the bionic chip help blind patients see? A．It helps patients learn how to use the glasses. B．It serves as a stimulus to work on the neurons. C．It inserts the camera under the patient’s retina. D．It records scenes and sends signals to the brain. 2．What can we learn about AMD from Paragraph 3? A．AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the UK. B．The number of AMD patients may rise in the future. C．Less than 20% of AMD patients showed no improvement. D．Moorfields Hospital is the best hospital to conduct the trial. 3．What is Mahi Muqit’s attitude towards the bionic chip? A．Optimistic. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To discuss a social problem. B．To explain a technical challenge. C．To introduce a medical achievement. D．To compare treatments for eye diseases. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏盐城·期末）Keeping food cold often comes with a hidden problem: Traditional ice melts (融化), leaving pools of water that can make drinks watery, damage products, or even spread dangerous bacteria. Now, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have created jelly ice, a reusable and biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternative that cools like ice but never melts into liquid. The new material is made of 90% water and can be shaped into various forms. It stays solid below freezing, softens at room temperature, and can be reused by simply washing and refreezing. “Compared to regular ice of the same shape and size, jelly ice has up to 80% of the cooling efficiency,” said Jiahan Zou, a study researcher, “We can reuse the material and maintain the heat absorbance across multiple cooling and warning cycles, an advantage that regular ice cannot offer.” The project began when UC Davis food scientists noticed how much ice was used in fish-processing plants and how meltwater could spread bacteria. Seeking a safer option for grocery seafood displays, the team turned to gelatin a food-safe material whose protein structure can trap water even as it freezes and thaws (解冻). After years of testing, the researchers perfected a simple, one-step process for making jelly ice. The material is made from natural components and can be biodegraded after use. It doesn’t contribute to microplastic pollution, even offering a side benefit of improving tomato plant growth when added to soil. Beyond grocery stores, jelly ice could have wide applications. It could help preserve medical supplies during shipping, reduce waste in biotechnology, and provide reliable cooling options. It promises fresher food shipments without the mess of melting ice packs while also offering a sustainable alternative that reduces pollution risks and supports agriculture Although licenses for the technology have already been secured, jelly ice is not yet available for public purchase. It still requires market analysis, product design, and large-scale production testing. Inspired by its success, the team is now studying other natural polymers, such as plant-based proteins, to see if similar innovations can be developed. 1．What is one advantage of jelly ice over traditional ice? A．Fixed shape. B．Saving water. C．Repeated use. D．Cooling efficiency. 2．What does the author imply about jelly ice in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It stretches tomato growing cycles B．It adopts a bacteria-free material. C．It shortens the freezing time. D．It lowers environmental impacts. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The official approval is underway. B．Jelly ice needs further development. C．Traditional ice will soon disappear. D．Other natural polymers will be available. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Game-changer That Controls Bacteria. B．A Cooling Alternative That We Can Order. C．A Cooling Material That Doesn’t Melt. D．A Quick Fix That Cuts Biological Pollution. Passage 3 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）In the digital age, many people feel unable to focus on anything demanding, yet can spend hours scrolling on their phones. Neuroscience suggests this is not a sign of weak character but the result of how the brain’s reward system works. The brain is constantly doing a cost-benefit calculation: Which action will bring the greatest reward for the least effort? This process relies heavily on a chemical called dopamine. Contrary to popular belief, dopamine is not the “pleasure chemical” but the “wanting chemical”. It rises mainly in anticipation of a reward, pushing us to keep searching, clicking, and consuming. Modern apps, games and snacks are carefully designed to deliver quick, effortless rewards. When the brain receives too many of these “easy hits”, it adapts. Dopamine receptors are downregulated, meaning more stimulation is needed to achieve the same level of interest. Activities that once felt satisfying — reading, studying, exercising — begin to seem dull or even painful by comparison. Like a drug user developing tolerance,the constant seeker of instant satisfaction becomes increasingly unmotivated. The good news is that the brain is plastic; its circuits can be reshaped. One suggested method is a“dopamine detox (多巴胺戒断)”. This does not remove dopamine itself, but temporarily cuts down on the most intense, low-effort sources of stimulation, such as social media, online games and junk food. During this period, people are encouraged to replace them with slower, effortful activities: walking without a phone,cooking, writing by hand or doing focused work. At first, these activities feel boring, and withdrawal symptoms like restlessness or irritability (易怒) are common. However, as time passes, the brain recalibrates (重新校准). Dopamine receptors become more sensitive, and natural rewards — finishing a task, understanding a concept, completing a workout — start to feel enjoyable again. The balance shifts from seeking short-lived pleasure to building deeper satisfaction. Over time, choosing difficult but meaningful tasks can become easier than escaping into distraction. Each decision to concentrate rather than click strengthens brain regions responsible for self-control and weakens those driven by impulse (冲动). In this way, changing our everyday habits and environments may gradually turn discipline from a constant struggle into a more natural way of living. 1．Which of the following best describes dopamine in paragraph 2? A．It is released after receiving a guaranteed reward. B．It is a cost-benefit calculation that the brain is doing. C．It is the “wanting chemical” that motivates behaviors. D．It is the “pleasure chemical” in anticipation of a reward. 2．Why do “effortful activities” feel painful to instant satisfaction seekers? A．They give too little dopamine for the brain. B．The brain expects high reward with low effort. C．The brain no longer feels any real satisfaction. D．Social media has broken the brain's reward system. 3．What might be helpful for practicing a “dopamine detox”? A．Cooking or walking without a phone. B．Seeking short-lived pleasure actively. C．Escaping into distraction deliberately. D．Clicking and consuming in moderation. 4．What is the core purpose of a dopamine detox? A．To avoid all modern technology and social life. B．To eliminate dopamine production permanently. C．To increase the brain's sensitivity to natural rewards. D．To force the brain to choose pleasure over satisfaction. Passage 4 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）As social media becomes more easily controlled and AI-driven, ignoring online popularity gains new respect. There are many ways to be “big” online, but not all are equal. An account could belong to a famous brand, represent hard-won fame like Emily Mariko’s on TikTok, or be a trusted expert source like economist Adam Tooze. However, an account with a huge number of followers today often means little in terms of genuine engagement; many may be inactive, and low interaction rates reveal this. Furthermore, many large accounts are legacy figures from an earlier era — they are the establishment, not the leading edge. Music producer Jack Antonoff has over half a million followers, while rising musician Marcus Brown has just over three thousand. Which is a better follow? The large number of followers no longer means as much as it used to, as social media are easier to fake and more controlled by artificial intelligence. On the other hand, a noticeably small following now packs a punch. Writer Emily Sundberg praised Air Mail’s new editor for having fewer than 500 Instagram followers. Similarly, stylist Lotta Volkova posts randomly, unconcerned with low likes. This “who cares” attitude shows status; there’s envy for those building careers without social media performance pressure. Overexposure now feels shameful by comparison. When did large followings lose appeal? It’s a post-pandemic (后疫情时代的) shift. During COVID, screen time rose sharply, and TikTok’s system enabled overnight fame. But audience attention has since declined as users move passively rather than seeking specific accounts. Attracting an audience is now “inexpensive” — easy to game. Meanwhile, users migrate to small platforms like Patreon. The follower-followee relationship has become highly commercialized, essentially functioning as advertising space. This very commercialism has trained us to be distrustful of excessive online exposure, making us prefer authorities who maintain a limited social media presence. We are drawn to low-follower accounts that are clearly guided by their owners’ genuine interests. A prime example is the poet Erin Taylor, who has expressed that a modest following often suggests a fulfilling real-world social life, saying that “keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline.” Consequently, accounts with smaller followings — often under 5,000 — are seen as more real. 1．What is a common feature of many huge follower accounts today? A．They are difficult to manage. B．They often show limited real engagement. C．They always belong to well-known brands. D．They represent leading-edge cultural trends. 2．What does the underlined phrase “packs a punch” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Requires extra preparation. B．Calls for additional promotion. C．Carries a certain weight. D．Needs careful content polishing. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Large followings lost appeal after the pandemic. B．TikTok caused lasting damage to online attention. C．Audiences have become harder to attract after 2022. D．Small social media platforms will replace traditional ones. 4．What do we know from Erin’s words? A．Keeping a small following requires self- control. B．Social media should reflect followers’ preferences. C．Online connection is more meaningful than offline life. D．Most creators aim to keep their follower count below 5,000. Passage 5 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）In his book Ordinary Magic, Stanford psychologist Gregory Walton reveals how small, evidence-based techniques termed “wise interventions” can create far-reaching personal transformation. The concept originated from Walton’s teenage encounter with Stanford social psychologist Claude Steele’s work on “stereotype threat”: simply the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group could disturb them on a challenging test. But a simple reframing technique like calling a test “a puzzle” can break this cycle. “In tradition, ‘wise’ doesn’t mean good or effective — it’s more like street smarts paired with science,” Walton said. “It’s understanding that, for all of us, there are times in life when you walk into a situation that poses an uncomfortable question — a question that seeks to define you.” These questions often arise during important stages: a child beginning a new school or a college graduate starting his/her first job. Those moments can lead to questions like: “Do I belong here?”, “Can I do it?” “No one likes these doubts,” said Walton. “Often we pay no attention to these thoughts or try to push them away. But the sad truth is, left unaddressed, doubts like these can make themselves true. That’s what Steele’s stereotype threat did. People worried ‘If I do badly, will people judge my whole group?’That made it harder to do well on a tough test.” “But we can get ‘wise’ to psychological questions,” Walton said. “We can develop ‘an ear’ for them, and when we anticipate that they come up, we can learn to answer them well, both for others and for ourselves.” That effect can be significant. In one study, Walton found that a one-hour session addressing students’ worries about belonging during the change to college improved their lives 10 years later. “It needn’t be fancy. It might be as simple as an encouraging note from a teacher given at the right time,” Walton said. “This is ordinary magic,” said Walton. “Ordinary magic is vision that helps us see the good and competent persons we can become and how we can get there. They show us that failures don’t define us, that barriers are normal and that they need not stop us.” 1．What can a simple reframing technique do according to the text? A．Take the pressure away. B．Make people less confident. C．Remove positive thoughts. D．Get students more worried. 2．What is probably Walton’s suggestion about self- doubts? A．Pushing them away. B．Ignoring them. C．Dealing with them. D．Hiding them inside. 3．How did the belonging interventions influence the students? A．They made the students rely more on their teachers in daily study. B．They brought long-term positive changes to the students’ lives. C．They caused the students to have more doubts about their abilities. D．They directly raised the students’ academic scores in a short time. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The principle of ordinary magic B．The importance of addressing doubts C．The effects of stereotype threat D．The power of “wise interventions” Passage 6 （2026·重庆渝中·二模）It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve? The accepted wisdom tells us progress comes from small, consistent changes that compound over time. Consistency has its place. But there’s another dimension to transformation we rarely discuss: the catalytic (催化的) power of intense productivity bursts. It’s this more intense, temporary mode of obsession that is key. Productivity experts often advocate sustainable habits and warn against the dangers of going too hard. But neuroscience reveals something fascinating: Our brains respond strongly to intensity. Our brains are highly malleable; they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge. Researchers studied London taxi drivers preparing for a test that involved memorizing 25,000 streets. When they examined the brains of these taxi drivers before and after this intensive study period, they discovered something remarkable: The posterior hippocampus, crucial for spatial navigation, physically enlarges. This finding points to a broader principle in human neuroscience: Transformation often requires crossing intensity levels that moderate effort simply can’t reach. At the level of the brain, intense learning looks very different than the slow, consistent gains we’re more familiar with. Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve. Most of us live in maintenance mode. We do enough not to lose ground but rarely enough to truly advance. Maybe it’s time we stopped feeling guilty about our occasional obsessions and started seeing them for what they are: the catalysts that make our steady progress meaningful. 1．What does the scene presented in paragraph 1 indicate? A．Unrealistic goals can lead to failure. B．Constant failures may cause frustration. C．Multitasking can not enhance productivity. D．Sustained effort may not yield real progress. 2．What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Repairable. B．Adaptable. C．Delicate. D．Analytical. 3．What happens during “transient hypofrontality”? A．You let down your guard. B．You exercise more self-regulation. C．You feel at one with the task. D．You experience a state of confusion. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Intense Focus Beats Steady Habits. B．The Key to Transformation: Consistency. C．How Changing Your Habits Leads to Growth. D．Maintenance Mode: A Common Productivity Trap. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 Passage 1：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage 2：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A Passage 3：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D Passage 4：1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B Passage 5：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A Passage 6：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D Passage 7：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A Passage 8：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D Passage 9：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B Passage 10：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 11：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D Passage 12：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B Passage 13：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A Passage 14：1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A Passage 1：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 2：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C Passage 3：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 4：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A Passage 5：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D Passage 6：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解20篇（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·重庆·二模）Growing resistance to antibiotics (抗生素) is getting worse. In a July 2025 essay in Physical Review Letters, de la Fuente, a bioengineer and computational biologist, warned of a “post-antibiotic” era. But de la Fuente is using artificial intelligence to bring about a different future. His team is training AI tools to search for peptides with antibiotic properties. His vision is to organize those peptides — molecules (分子 ) made of up to 50 amino acids linked together — into various arrangements, including some never seen in nature. The results, he hopes, could defend the body against bacteria that withstand traditional treatments. In August 2025, his team described peptides hiding in the genetic code of ancient single-celled organisms. And in an ongoing project de la Fuente calls “molecular de-extinction”, he and his team have been scanning published genetic sequences of extinct species for potentially functional molecules. In the history of life on Earth, de la Fuente reasons, maybe some organism evolved an antimicrobial (抗菌的) defense that could be helpful today. Biology is an information source, de la Fuente explains, “It’s like a bunch of code.” The code of DNA has four letters; proteins and peptides have 20, where each “letter” represents an amino acid. De la Fuente says his work amounts to training AI models to recognize sequences of letters that encode antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs. “If you think about it that way”, he says, “you can design programs to mine the code and identify functional molecules, which can be developed into various drugs: antimicrobials to fight infections, antimalarials to combat malaria, or anticancer agents to treat tumors.” Practically speaking, we’re still not there: These peptides haven’t yet been transformed into usable drugs that help people. But AMPs are appealing because the body already uses them. They’re a critical part of the immune system and often the first line of defense against infections. Unlike conventional antibiotics, which typically have one trick for killing bacteria, AMPs often exhibit a multimodal approach. They may destroy the cell wall and the genetic material inside, as well as a variety of cellular processes. 1．What does “the results” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Artificial peptides. B．Drug-resistant bacteria. C．Trained AI tools. D．Antibiotics. 2．What can we learn about “molecular de-extinction” project? A．It aims to bring extinct species back to life. B．It focuses on how organism evolved. C．It explores genetic resources from the past. D．It has already produced usable drugs. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Where scientists find functional molecules. B．Why DNA has fewer letters than proteins. C．What diseases have been cured by AMPs. D．How AI models work for drug discovery. 4．What is the advantage of AMPs over conventional antibiotics? A．They form the first line of defense. B．They attack through multiple modes. C．They interrupt healing processes. D．They accelerate body recovery. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生物工程师de la Fuente利用人工智能从现有及远古生物的基因序列中挖掘抗菌肽，以应对抗生素耐药性问题的相关研究。 1．词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“His vision is to organize those peptides — molecules made of up to 50 amino acids linked together — into various arrangements, including some never seen in nature. The results, he hopes, could defend the body against bacteria that withstand traditional treatments. (他的设想是将这些肽 —— 由多达 50 个氨基酸连接而成的分子 —— 组合成各种结构，包括一些自然界中从未出现过的结构。他希望这些成果能够保护人体免受耐受传统疗法的细菌的侵害。)” 可知,“the results”指的是前文提到的人工组合排列出的肽类物质，即人工肽。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“And in an ongoing project de la Fuente calls “molecular de-extinction”, he and his team have been scanning published genetic sequences of extinct species for potentially functional molecules. (在一个de la Fuente称之为“分子灭绝复活”的正在进行的项目中，他和他的团队一直在扫描已公布的灭绝物种的基因序列，以寻找具有潜在功能的分子。)” 可知，该项目致力于从已灭绝的远古生物中探索基因资源。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“De la Fuente says his work amounts to training AI models to recognize sequences of letters that encode antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs. “If you think about it that way”, he says, “you can design programs to mine the code and identify functional molecules, which can be developed into various drugs: antimicrobials to fight infections, antimalarials to combat malaria, or anticancer agents to treat tumors.” (De la Fuente表示，他的工作实际上是训练人工智能模型，识别那些编码抗菌肽（简称 AMPs）的字母序列。他说：“如果你这样理解，就可以设计程序来挖掘这些编码并识别功能性分子，这些分子可以被开发成各类药物：用于对抗感染的抗菌药、治疗疟疾的抗疟药，或是治疗肿瘤的抗癌药物。”)” 可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能模型如何用于药物研发。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“Unlike conventional antibiotics, which typically have one trick for killing bacteria, AMPs often exhibit a multimodal approach. (与通常只有一种杀灭细菌方法的传统抗生素不同，抗菌肽通常采用多种模式发挥作用。)” 可知，抗菌肽相比传统抗生素的优势在于它通过多种方式攻击细菌。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026·重庆·二模）ColorWalk, also referred to as Color Hunting overseas, offers a fresh approach to reducing daily anxiety and managing emotions. ColorWalk requires no complicated preparation or specific destination. The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk with the sole aim of spotting everything in that color. This simple act initiates a relaxing journey. Many people find that this“purposeful walking” helps them temporarily escape mental friction and rediscover the small, beautiful moments in daily life. Ms. Kang, troubled by anxiety due to overtime work, chose green for her first ColorWalk. During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. A college student used ColorWalk to cope with finals week. When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. Her mood immediately lifted. This simple task activates areas of the brain responsible for attention control. By actively choosing where to focus, people can step back from repetitive worries, returning to “the present moment.” In a world of fragmented information, mental exhaustion is common. ColorWalk provides an easy way to keep our minds healthy, offering overworked brains a brief opportunity to reset and recover. Observing colors is also a vital part of the healing process. Different colors, with their unique light wavelengths, evoke varied feelings in the nervous system. Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people, which is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. 1．What is the primary rule of ColorWalk? A．To head for a predetermined destination. B．To make detailed preparations in advance. C．To focus on a specific color in the walk. D．To document the journey on social media. 2．What does the example of Ms. Kang and the college student show? A．The scientific basis of ColorWalk. B．Different reactions to ColorWalk. C．The wide appeal of ColorWalk. D．The practical benefits of ColorWalk. 3．How does ColorWalk affect the brain? A．It increases disordered information. B．It refreshes mental concentration. C．It keeps the brain stuck on worries. D．It offers a lasting cure for tiredness. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．With examples and effects. B．With a list of some light colors. C．With historical background. D．With a contrast of different ideas. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种名为 ColorWalk (色彩漫步)的情绪调节方法，包括其规则、实际效果、对大脑的积极作用以及色彩疗愈的相关原理。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段 “The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk with the sole aim of spotting everything in that color. (规则很简单：出门前选定一种要关注的颜色，然后散步，唯一目的就是寻找所有这种颜色的事物。)” 可知，色彩漫步的主要规则是在散步时专注于一种特定颜色，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. (在 20 分钟的散步中，她只专注于寻找绿色，胸口的紧绷感逐渐消失了。)” 以及“When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. Her mood immediately lifted. (当被学习压得喘不过气时，她出门寻找亮黄色，看到了日落、迎春花和暖黄色的标识，心情立刻好转了。)” 可知，康女士和大学生的例子体现了色彩漫步带来的实际益处，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“This simple task activates areas of the brain responsible for attention control. (这个简单的行为会激活大脑中负责注意力控制的区域。)” 可知，色彩漫步能够恢复大脑的专注力，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people, which is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. (蓝色、绿色等柔和色调能快速让人平静，这也是它们常被用于医院和心理咨询室的原因。黄色、橙色等明亮色彩充满活力，有助于改善低落情绪。)” 可知，作者通过举例不同颜色并说明其作用来展开本段内容，故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·重庆九龙坡·二模）In theory, coming up with a fair division of housework should be simple: Take all the tasks and divide them equally between two partners. In practice, it’s more complicated. A new study complicates the picture of couples’(dis) satisfaction with how they split up chores: It found that men and women in long-term partnerships tend to be happier with their relationship when they share responsibility for each chore on their to-do list, as opposed to when each partner has their own set of tasks. In one data set, Carlson, the author of the study, found that couples who managed each chore jointly were twice as likely to say that their division of labor was fair as couples who assigned chores to one partner or another— even though both groups split the overall workload more or less equally. To be clear, these findings don’t necessarily mean that a certain chore distribution caused couples to become happier — couples that are happier and more cooperative may be more likely to share responsibilities for every chore in the first place. That said, if the chore distribution is what matters, maybe the explanation is that sharing responsibilities builds a spirit of teamwork, or encourages couples to communicate better. A “grass is greener” effect could also be at play; if you never have to fold the laundry, that task may start to seem more tolerable than the pile of dirty dishes you’re about to work through. Yet there’s another possibility: there might be something about really understanding all the work in the home that makes people appreciate their partner and what they’re doing more deeply. Melissa Milkie, a sociologist at the University of Toronto who wasn’t involved in the study, told me, “If you’re the partner that never cleans the bathroom, you might not realize how much energy it takes.” 1．What do we know about housework division from the first paragraph? A．Dividing tasks cuts conflict. B．Separate tasks lift happiness. C．Sharing each chore brings joy. D．Equal workload brings fairness. 2．What does the “grass is greener” effect suggest about chores? A．Couples envy others’ responsibilities. B．Unassigned tasks seem less burdensome. C．Partners avoid disliked tasks intentionally. D．All chores feel equally difficult over time. 3．What does Milkie imply about separating chores? A．It may take more physical energy. B．It may promote household efficiency. C．It may lead to underestimating partners’ work. D．It may deepen understanding between partners. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To advocate a new chore division model. B．To analyze the reasons for sharing chores. C．To criticize the unfair division of chores. D．To explain couples’ feeling of chore division. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了夫妻间家务分配的问题，通过研究指出共同承担家务的夫妻往往更幸福，并分析了可能的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study complicates the picture of couples’(dis) satisfaction with how they split up chores: It found that men and women in long-term partnerships tend to be happier with their relationship when they share responsibility for each chore on their to-do list, as opposed to when each partner has their own set of tasks.(一项新研究使我们对伴侣在家务分工上的（不）满意度有了更复杂的认识：研究发现，在长期伴侣关系中，相比各自承担固定的家务任务，双方共同分担待办清单上的每项家务时，他们对关系的满意度往往更高)”可知，共同承担每一项家务会让夫妻更幸福。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“A “grass is greener” effect could also be at play; if you never have to fold the laundry, that task may start to seem more tolerable than the pile of dirty dishes you’re about to work through.(“这山望着那山高”的效应也可能在起作用：如果你从来不用叠衣服，那么相比起眼前要洗的那堆脏盘子，叠衣服这项家务可能就显得更容易忍受了)”可知，“这山望着那山高”效应表明未被分配的任务似乎负担更小。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yet there’s another possibility: there might be something about really understanding all the work in the home that makes people appreciate their partner and what they’re doing more deeply. Melissa Milkie, a sociologist at the University of Toronto who wasn’t involved in the study, told me, “If you’re the partner that never cleans the bathroom, you might not realize how much energy it takes.”(然而，还有另一种可能性：或许正是真正理解了家中所有劳动，才能让人更深刻地体会到伴侣的付出。未参与这项研究的多伦多大学社会学家梅利莎·米尔基告诉我：“如果你是那个从不打扫浴室的人，你可能不会意识到这需要耗费多少精力。”)”可知，Milkie认为如果伴侣之间分开做家务，就不会体会到伴侣的付出，可能会低估对方的工作量。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“A new study complicates the picture of couples’(dis) satisfaction with how they split up chores: It found that men and women in long-term partnerships tend to be happier with their relationship when they share responsibility for each chore on their to-do list, as opposed to when each partner has their own set of tasks. (一项新研究使我们对伴侣在家务分工上的（不）满意度有了更复杂的认识：研究发现，在长期伴侣关系中，相比各自承担固定的家务任务，双方共同分担待办清单上的每项家务时，他们对关系的满意度往往更高)”以及第二段“In one data set, Carlson, the author of the study, found that couples who managed each chore jointly were twice as likely to say that their division of labor was fair as couples who assigned chores to one partner or another— even though both groups split the overall workload more or less equally. (在一组数据中，该研究的作者Carlson发现，共同处理每项家务的夫妻认为分工公平的可能性是那些将家务分配给一方或另一方的夫妻的两倍——尽管两组夫妻分担的总工作量大致相等)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于夫妻家务分工与关系满意度关系的研究，解释了夫妻对家务分工的感受及其原因。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模）No matter how old we get, there will always be some songs that transport us back in time. We only need to hear a few notes of a tune, and we remember where we were when we first heard it, what we were doing and who we were with. For most people the songs that remain most meaningful are those from their teens and 20s. The continued impact of these songs is due to something called the “reminiscence bump” — a tendency for people to have more vivid memories from their youth and early adulthood. During this time our brains are still developing, and we have less control over our emotions, which makes our experiences more vivid and the music we hear more intense. That’s why, for most people, the emotional connection to music peaks during adolescence and early adulthood. In fact, a new study from Finland suggests that this peak is actually around the age of 17. Previous studies have looked at the “reminiscence bump” in Western populations, but the Finnish research team wanted to look at how it affects people globally, and if it affects men and women differently. They studied 1,891 people from 84 countries. The participants were first asked to share their age and to name a piece of music that was important or meaningful to them. The researchers then compared the participants’ ages with the release dates of the music they named. The average peak age for personally meaningful music was 17, although there was some difference between men and women. And, for men, the peak age was around 16, while for women it was 19. One possible explanation for this is that men tend to form their music-related memories earlier, during the resistant stage of adolescence, perhaps choosing songs that celebrate independence. Women, on the other hand, may prefer music that relates to important social and emotional connections, which take longer to develop. 1．What can be learned about “reminiscence bump” from paragraph 2? A．It transports us to childhood. B．It generates vivid memories. C．It intensifies youthful experiences. D．It helps recollect adolescent events. 2．What does the Finnish research team focus on? A．Challenging existing theories and collecting new data. B．Identifying the peak age and comparing music preference. C．Expanding the research scope and observing gender difference. D．Confirming previous findings and analyzing emotional intensity. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 4 about the study? A．It is step-outlined. B．It is thought-inspiring. C．It is state-funded. D．It is time-consuming. 4．Why do men and women have different peak ages? A．They mature at varying ages. B．They favor distinct music themes. C．They have diverse musical talents. D．They value separate social behaviors. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“记忆高峰”现象，即人们对青少年和成年早期有更生动的记忆，尤其体现在对音乐的情感联系上，同时文章还介绍了芬兰研究团队的相关研究及其发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The continued impact of these songs is due to something called the “reminiscence bump” — a tendency for people to have more vivid memories from their youth and early adulthood.(这些歌曲的持续影响是由于一种叫做“记忆高峰”的现象——人们倾向于对青少年和成年早期有更生动的记忆)”可知，“记忆高峰”现象让人们倾向于对青少年和成年早期有更生动的记忆，即它有助于回忆青少年时期的事件。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Previous studies have looked at the “reminiscence bump” in Western populations, but the Finnish research team wanted to look at how it affects people globally, and if it affects men and women differently.(先前的研究已经观察了西方人群中的“记忆高峰”现象，但芬兰研究团队想要观察它如何影响全球的人，以及它对男性和女性的影响是否不同)”可知，芬兰研究团队关注的是扩大研究范围，观察性别差异。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The participants were first asked to share their age and to name a piece of music that was important or meaningful to them. The researchers then compared the participants’ ages with the release dates of the music they named.(研究人员首先要求参与者分享他们的年龄，并说出一首对他们来说重要或有意义的音乐。然后，研究人员将参与者的年龄与他们所说的音乐的发行日期进行比较)”可知，该研究是分步骤进行的，即先收集参与者的年龄和重要音乐信息，再将这些信息与音乐的发行日期进行比较。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One possible explanation for this is that men tend to form their music-related memories earlier, during the resistant stage of adolescence, perhaps choosing songs that celebrate independence. Women, on the other hand, may prefer music that relates to important social and emotional connections, which take longer to develop.(一种可能的解释是，男性倾向于在青春期的叛逆阶段更早地形成与音乐相关的记忆，可能会选择庆祝独立的歌曲。另一方面，女性可能更喜欢与重要的社会和情感联系相关的音乐，而这些联系需要更长的时间来发展)”可知，男性倾向于选择庆祝独立的歌曲，而女性则更喜欢与重要的社会和情感联系相关的音乐，即男性和女性有不同的音乐主题偏好导致了男性和女性在音乐情感联系峰值年龄上的差异。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2026·重庆·二模）Hundreds of teenagers have walked in through the doors of Britain’s National Centre for Gaming Disorders since it opened. Lately, however, it has admitted a small but steady stream of different patients — 67 people over the age of 40. The oldest, addicted to games on her smartphone, was 72. As today’s 60-somethings enter retirement, time spent on smart devices is shooting up. “They are increasingly living their lives through their phones, the way teenagers sometimes do”, says Dr. Ipsit Vahia. The elderly have long been champion television-watchers. Now, however, the newly retired are the most enthusiastic adopters of digital devices. Combining TV and smart devices, those of retirement age clock up more daily screen time than young adults. In countries where the trend is most advanced, people are starting to worry about elderly smartphone users in the same way that they worry about teens. A study in South Korea estimated that 15% of those aged 60 to 69 were at risk of phone addiction. Research from Japan found screen time was associated with less physical activity among the elderly, while a survey in China linked it to worse sleep. With more screen time, older people face some online risks that teenagers do not. Their phones and tablets are often linked to bank accounts. In-game purchases can empty wallets, and bad guys can rob victims within the same app. Moreover, they also lack the social guardrails that regulate teenagers’ screen time. During the day, teachers police teens’ phone usage, while parents do the reminding in the evening. By contrast, elderly people are their own bosses and may not have someone to guide them towards help. Yet an increase in screen time among the elderly is by no means all bad. Messaging apps bring family closer. Gaming kills the time. Spotify and YouTube serve as a reminder of childhood, bringing back music and videos. For better or worse, seniors’ screen time has much further to grow. 1．What trend does the text mainly highlight? A．Seniors are using IT devices more than youths. B．Screen use is rising among older adults. C．Uncontrolled gaming is emerging as a concern. D．Internet is reshaping the retirement life. 2．What concern is raised about elderly smartphone users? A．They may become socially separated. B．Their phone use limits their activities. C．They are unaware of digital addiction. D．Their screen use affects their health. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Greater personal freedom heightens digital risks. B．Older adults are the main target of online crimes. C．Financial links on digital devices cause money loss. D．External guidance prevents unsafe online behavior. 4．Why are messaging apps and media platforms mentioned? A．To show benefits of screen use. B．To explain seniors’ preferences. C．To stress entertainment choices. D．To predict future screen growth. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国老年人使用智能设备的时间大幅增加这一现象，分析了由此带来的健康、财产风险，同时也提及了使用智能设备给老年人带来的积极影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“As today’s 60-somethings enter retirement, time spent on smart devices is shooting up.(如今60多岁的人步入退休生活，他们花在智能设备上的时间正在急剧增加。)”和第三段中的“Combining TV and smart devices, those of retirement age clock up more daily screen time than young adults.(把看电视和使用智能设备的时间加在一起，退休年龄人群每天的屏幕使用时间比年轻人还要多。)”可知，本文重点强调的趋势是老年人的屏幕使用时间正在不断上升。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Research from Japan found screen time was associated with less physical activity among the elderly, while a survey in China linked it to worse sleep.(日本的一项研究发现，屏幕使用时间与老年人运动量减少有关，而中国的一项调查则将其与睡眠质量变差联系起来。)”可知，人们对老年人使用智能手机提出的担忧是他们的屏幕使用会影响身体健康。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“With more screen time, older people face some online risks that teenagers do not. Their phones and tablets are often linked to bank accounts. In-game purchases can empty wallets, and bad guys can rob victims within the same app. Moreover, they also lack the social guardrails that regulate teenagers’ screen time. During the day, teachers police teens’ phone usage, while parents do the reminding in the evening. By contrast, elderly people are their own bosses and may not have someone to guide them towards help.(随着屏幕使用时间的增加，老年人面临着一些青少年没有的在线风险。他们的手机和平板电脑通常与银行账户相关联。游戏内购买可能会掏空钱包，坏人可以在同一个应用程序内抢劫受害者。此外，他们还缺乏规范青少年屏幕使用时间的社会约束。白天，老师监督青少年使用手机，晚上父母提醒。相比之下，老年人是自己做主，可能没有人引导他们寻求帮助。)”可推知，老年人有更大的个人自由，这使得他们面临更高的数字风险。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Yet an increase in screen time among the elderly is by no means all bad. Messaging apps bring family closer. Gaming kills the time. Spotify and YouTube serve as a reminder of childhood, bringing back music and videos.(然而，老年人屏幕使用时间的增加并非全是坏事。即时通讯应用拉近了家人之间的距离，游戏可以打发时间，Spotify和YouTube平台能让人想起童年，带回熟悉的音乐和视频。)”可知，文章提到即时通讯应用和媒体平台是为了说明屏幕使用带来的好处。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2026·重庆渝中·二模）An ant species has evolved a remarkable solution to the danger of excess carbon dioxide inside their nests, which may hold clues to how humans can store greenhouse gases to prevent climate disaster. Fungus-farming (种植真菌) ants collect vegetation to feed cultivated fungi grown inside their colonies. In turn, the fungi serve as their primary food source. The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests. In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria, which transform CO₂ into rock using chemical processes that aren’t yet properly understood. Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria, becoming the first known animal to have evolved this ability. Remarkably, the mineral they make is dolomite. Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. Yet the ants do this quickly and effortlessly, without high temperatures, says team member Hongjie Li at Zhejiang University in China. Dolomite consists of calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Forming it in the lab is difficult because magnesium doesn’t easily fit into the calcium carbonate structure, which slows down crystal formation, says Currie. To try to overcome this, he says, scientists use high temperatures and pressures. The next phase of the team’s research will try to find out how ants are able to accomplish this. In an effort to counteract global warming, scientists are exploring techniques for converting atmospheric CO2 into carbonate minerals, essentially turning carbon into stone. “These ants are the first animal shown to be engaging in such a process, offering exciting potential as a model for human efforts,” says Currie. 1．What can we learn about the fungus-farming ants’ nest? A．It stays open to outside air. B．It contains a high level of CO₂. C．It is too unstable for ants to survive. D．It provides little room for fungal growth. 2．What makes Sericomymex amabilis different from Acromyrmex echinatior in mineral formation? A．A wider geographic range. B．Involvement of a new fungus. C．A fully understood mechanism. D．Independence from bacterial help. 3．Which word best describes dolomite formation in nature? A．Simple. B．Risky. C．Time-consuming. D．Pressure-dependent. 4．How is the text mainly organized? A．Problem → solutions → outcome. B．Claim → counterclaim → resolution. C．Definition → classification → summary. D．Discovery → explanation → implications. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕真菌种植蚂蚁的独特固碳能力展开，介绍相关科研发现及潜在应用价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests.(蚂蚁和真菌的高密度会导致巢穴内二氧化碳浓度升高。)”可知，真菌种植蚂蚁的巢穴内二氧化碳含量很高。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria (2020年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的卡梅伦·柯里和他的同事发现，多刺切叶蚁会将碳酸盐生物矿物质融入它们的外壳。这些蚂蚁通过与假诺卡氏菌的共生关系来实现这一点)”以及第四段的句子“Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria (现在，该团队发现另一种生活在中美洲和南美洲的真菌种植蚂蚁——Sericomymex amabilis，无需共生细菌就能做到同样的事情)”可知，Sericomymex amabilis与Acromyrmex echinatior的不同之处在于前者无需细菌帮助就能形成矿物质。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. (白云岩，如意大利白云石山脉中的那些岩石，通常需要数百万年和复杂的地质过程才能形成。)”可知，自然形成白云岩非常耗时。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。文章首先介绍真菌种植蚂蚁能将二氧化碳转化为矿物质这一发现，接着解释这一过程的原理和不同蚂蚁的实现方式，最后探讨该发现对人类应对全球变暖的启示，整体结构为“发现→解释→意义”。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2026·重庆·二模）Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect. The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon. This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things. The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To analyse reasons. B．To make a comparison. C．To lead in the topic. D．To present viewpoints. 2．What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3? A．An attempt to escape stress from one’s work. B．A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life. C．A rush to show off one’s wealth. D．A biological urge to seek novelty. 3．What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Uncontrollable. C．Adaptable. D．Casual. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．When One New Thing Changes Everything B．The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony C．How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase D．The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以生活化案例切入，结合历史典故、神经科学与心理学分析，系统解析“狄德罗效应”这一普遍心理现象。 1．推理判断题。第一段通过Elaine购买镜子后重新布置卧室的具体事例，引出“This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”，从而自然过渡到文章主题——狄德罗效应。这种以具体故事开头的写法是为了引入话题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our ‘pleasure chemical’ that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.(当我们寻求新事物时，大脑会释放更多多巴胺，这种物质常被称为“快乐化学物质”，它会驱动欲望。所以，当你开始为闪亮的新物品搭配周边事物时感受到的冲动，不仅仅是审美需求，更是大脑化学反应的结果。我们生来就渴望新奇事物)”可知，狄德罗效应的动机是寻求新奇事物的生理冲动。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.(但如果这种感觉开始变得compulsive，就很难摆脱这个循环。你会不断地追求下一次升级)”可知，如果这种感觉变得“compulsive”，就会难以逃脱循环，不断追求下一次升级，暗示失去控制的状态。因此“compulsive”意为“无法控制的”，与Uncontrollable意义一致。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(你有没有过这样的经历：家里更新了一件东西，突然发现自己有一长串想要做的改变？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”可知，文章主要讲一件新事物如何引发连锁变化，即狄德罗效应。A项“When One New Thing Changes Everything(当一件新事物改变一切)”准确概括了这一核心内容，既形象又全面。故选A项。 Passage 8 （2026·重庆·二模）As humans burn fossil (化石) fuels, rising temperatures are already driving more severe heat waves, floods, droughts, and wildfires. But there are even bigger impacts on the horizon. Climate change may also be pushing Earth's crucial systems — from the Amazon rainforest to polar ice sheets — so far out of balance that they collapse, sending disastrous effects across the planet. Warm water corals are the first. According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Since 2023, the world's reefs have been enduring the worst mass bleaching (白化) event on record as oceans reach record high temperatures, with more than 80% affected. What was an underwater richness of color and life is being replaced with a bleached, seaweed-dominated landscape. Coral reefs are an essential habitat for marine species, are vital for food security, contribute trillions to the global economy and protect coastal areas from storms. If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it's all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels. Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts. Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵). Once replaced, polluting technologies are unlikely to come back as cleaner options are cheaper and better, it found. 1．What is described as the first climate tipping point the planet has reached? A．Polar ice sheets' melting. B．Coral reefs' massive loss. C．Ocean currents' collapse. D．Amazon rainforest's decline. 2．Why is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To warn worse consequences may arise. B．To lead in another natural phenomenon. C．To compare effects of various Earth's systems. D．To show the potential effect of coral bleaching. 3．What does Manjana Milkoreit think of current climate policies? A．Predictive. B．Achievable. C．Insufficient. D．Unchangeable. 4．What positive change does the report highlight? A．Polluting technologies have been banned globally. B．Fossil fuel use has declined to pre-industrial levels. C．Coral reefs are recovering due to new technologies. D．Cleaner energy technologies are advancing quickly. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一份全球科学家联合发布的气候报告，该报告指出气候变化已经使地球达到首个灾难性气候临界点——珊瑚礁大面积死亡，若气温持续上升还会出现更多更严重的气候临界点，现有气候政策不足以应对这类突发不可逆变化，同时报告也提到清洁能源技术快速发展这一积极进展。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁).(根据全球160位科学家撰写的一份里程碑式报告，地球已经到达了一系列灾难性且可能无法恢复的气候临界点中的第一个：珊瑚礁的大范围死亡)”可知，首个气候临界点是珊瑚礁的大规模消失。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it’s all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels.(如果气温持续上升，地球将面临更多临界点的考验，因为其几乎肯定会突破全球达成的将升温幅度控制在比工业化前水平高出 1.5℃以内的目标。其中最为令人担忧的一个问题是大西洋经向翻转环流的可能崩溃，这是一个至关重要的海洋环流系统，其崩溃将导致部分地区陷入极度严寒，而其他地区则会升温，扰乱季节性风向，并导致海平面上升)”可推知，提及大西洋经向翻转环流是为了警示可能出现的更严重后果。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts.(报告作者之一Manjana Milkoreit指出，当前的政策和国际协议是为渐进式变化设计的，而不是为这种剧烈、不可恢复且相互关联的转变设计的)”可推知，Manjana Milkoreit认为当前的气候政策不足以应对这些剧烈且不可恢复的转变。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵).(在其令人担忧的发现中，报告也提出了一些振奋人心的消息，包括太阳能、电动汽车以及电池和热泵的急剧增长)”可知，该报告强调了积极的变化，即清洁能源技术正在迅速发展。故选D。 Passage 9 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason?Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. For another example, consider vacations. A few years ago, Tali, an employee in a travel company,went on a work trip to a sunny resort in the Dominican Republic. She wondered if people had a better time at the start of their trips. She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest. Thereafter it was all downhill. Even when they returned home, many still benefited from a warm holiday afterglow (回味). But within a week, they adjusted to normal life, making it hard to detect any vacation effect on their mood.This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year,rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often. What about unpleasant experiences? Should you divide those up too? Most people want to bear the unpleasantness bit by bit. When researchers asked people whether they would like a break from a bad smell or just bear it all at once and be done with it, 90 people said,“Breaks, please!”. The vast majority — 82 out of 119 — also said they wanted a break from an annoying noise. However, this is incorrect.Breaks interrupted their natural habituation to the unwelcome stimulus. For unpleasant tasks, it’s wiser not to chop them up. Otherwise, when you return, things seem worse. The results of psychological experiments are clear, however, and being mindful of habituation’s powerful effect could help us all experience a bit less pain and a little more pleasure. 1．How does the author introduce the concept of habituation? A．By giving a vivid example. B．By listing specific numbers. C．By illustrating cause and effect. D．By providing a theoretical model. 2．What does Tali’s survey show? A．The ratings of vacation. B．The influence of vacation. C．The reasons for happiness. D．The peak time of happiness. 3．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．Fresh weekend trips. B．A regular walking route. C．Breaks from cleaning the toilet. D．Frequent tasting of a delicious dish. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to avoid habituation in daily life. B．To introduce the concept of habituation and its influences. C．To compare people’s reactions to pleasant and unpleasant things. D．To present research findings on holiday and work experience. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过举例说明习惯化的概念及其对人们感受愉快和不愉快经历的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason?Habituation.(想象一下，在你最喜欢的餐厅用餐，坐在最好的桌子旁——靠窗，视野很好。这里很安静，但第一小时感受到的快乐会随着时间的推移而消退。原因是什么？习惯化。)”可知，作者通过给出在最喜欢的餐厅用餐的生动例子来引入“习惯化”这一概念。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest.(她采访了世界各地的人，并让他们在调查中对自己整个假期的感觉进行评分。数据显示，快乐在43小时达到顶峰。在第二天结束时，他们是最快乐的。)”可知，Tali的调查显示了快乐的顶峰时间。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year, rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often.(这些证据表明，一年中分散进行几次小旅行可能比一次长时间的逃避更有益。这样，你会更频繁地体验到快乐。)”可知，作者可能会同意经常进行新鲜的周末旅行。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return.(这是我们大脑对恒定不变的事物反应越来越少的倾向。短暂地搬到一个更嘈杂的地方会引起去习惯化，当你回来时，窗边的座位会让你感到新鲜和更受欣赏。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“习惯化”这一概念，并通过举例和实验研究阐述了它对人们感受的影响，这也是文章的目的。故选B。 Passage 10 （2026·重庆·一模）Researchers showed people pictures of two knots (绳结) and asked them to point to the strongest one. They couldn’t. They showed people videos of each knot, where the knots turn slowly so they could get a good long look. They still failed. People couldn’t even manage it when researchers showed them each knot next to a diagram of the knots’ construction. The study in the journal Open Mind reveals a new blind spot in our physical reasoning. The experiment is the brainchild of a PhD student in Firestone’s lab, Sholei Croom. Croom, who studies intuitive (直觉的) physics, or what people understand about the environment just from looking at it, suspected knots might be a rare blind spot. “People make predictions all the time about how the physics of the world will play out but something about knots didn’t feel intuitive to me,” Croom says. “You don’t need to touch a pile of books to judge its stability. You don’t have to feel a bowling ball to guess how many pins it will knock over.” The researchers showed participants four knots that are physically similar but have a range of strength. People were asked to look at the knots, two at a time, and point to the strongest one. Participants were consistently incorrect. What’s more, the few times they guessed right, they did so for the wrong reasons, pointing to aspects of the knot that had nothing to do with its strength. The knots ranged from one of the strongest basic knots in existence to one so weak that it can come undone if you just touch it gently. Even between those two, side by side, people couldn’t point to the strong one. The human psychological system just fails to ascertain any physical knowledge from the properties of the knot. Objects that aren’t rigid, such as string, may be harder for people to reason about than solid ones, Croom says. “It’s a nice case study into how many open questions still remain in our ability to reason about the environment.” 1．Why does Croom design the study? A．To test the strength of different types of knots. B．To explore ways in predicting patterns of knots. C．To test the visual judgment of knot strength. D．To measure the intuitive effects of knot tying. 2．Why does Croom mention judging a “pile of books” and a “bowling ball”? A．To list common tasks in intuitive physics studies. B．To contrast easy judgments with the knot challenge. C．To prove that physical reasoning is always accurate. D．To argue for the need to touch objects for judgment. 3．What can be inferred about the participants in the study? A．They performed better when shown turning videos. B．They correctly identified knots based on key features. C．Their correct guesses were not based on relevant clues. D．They lacked any personal experience with tying knots. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Brief Introduction to Different Types of Knots B．A New Blind Spot in Human Perception Found C．How Intuitive Physics Helps Understand the World D．Why Some People Are Better at Judging Knot Strength 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现人类在判断绳结强度方面存在盲点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Croom, who studies intuitive (直觉的) physics, or what people understand about the environment just from looking at it, suspected knots might be a rare blind spot.(Croom研究直觉物理，即人们仅通过观察就能理解的环境，他怀疑绳结可能是一个罕见的盲点)”和第四段“The researchers showed participants four knots that are physically similar but have a range of strength. People were asked to look at the knots, two at a time, and point to the strongest one.(研究人员向参与者展示了四种物理上相似但强度不同的绳结。人们被要求一次看两个绳结，并指出最强的一个)”可知，Croom设计这项研究是为了测试人们对绳结强度的视觉判断。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““People make predictions all the time about how the physics of the world will play out but something about knots didn’t feel intuitive to me,” Croom says. “You don’t need to touch a pile of books to judge its stability. You don’t have to feel a bowling ball to guess how many pins it will knock over.”(“人们总是会对世界的物理现象如何发展做出预测，但关于绳结的事，我总觉得有些不太直观，”Croom说。“你不需要碰一堆书来判断它的稳定性。你也不必摸保龄球来猜测它能撞倒多少个球瓶。”)”可推知，Croom提到判断“一堆书”和“保龄球”是为了将容易做出的判断与绳结的挑战进行对比，说明绳结的判断不像其他物体那样直观。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“What’s more, the few times they guessed right, they did so for the wrong reasons, pointing to aspects of the knot that had nothing to do with its strength.(更重要的是，他们猜对的几次也是出于错误的原因，他们指出的是与绳结强度无关的方面)”可推知，参与者正确的猜测并不是基于相关的线索。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The study in the journal Open Mind reveals a new blind spot in our physical reasoning.(发表在《开放思维》杂志上的这项研究揭示了我们在物理推理中的一个新盲点)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现人类在判断绳结强度方面存在盲点。由此可知，选项B“A New Blind Spot in Human Perception Found(发现人类感知中的一个新盲点)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 11 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. The mudstones, found in a dusty riverbed by NASA’s Perseverance Rover, are dotted with interesting markings named leopard spots and poppy seeds. Scientists believe these features contain minerals produced by chemical reactions that could be associated with ancient Martian microbes (微生物). The Perseverance Rover, which touched down on the Martian surface in 2021, was sent to search for signs of biology. It has spent the last four years exploring a region called the Jezero Crater, which was once an ancient lake with a river flowing into it. The rover found the leopard print rocks last year.They are about 3.5bn years old and are a type of rock called mudstone, which is fine- grained rock formed from clays. The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. In similar conditions on Earth, chemical reactions creating minerals are typically driven by microbes. It’s possible the minerals were produced by natural geological (地质的) processes, but at a press conference NASA said the features could be the clearest signs of life ever found. The only way to fully confirm if the minerals were made by microbes would be to bring the rocks back to Earth for analysis. A Mars sample return mission has been proposed by NASA but its future looks highly uncertain. The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. NASA’s plans for such an effort hang in the balance because of the threatened budget cuts, but China is also pursuing a sample return mission that could launch in 2028. While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By drawing a contrast. B．By using an example. C．By asking a question. D．By citing an opinion. 2．What is the role of the Perseverance Rover according to the passage? A．It sent back the rock samples. B．It performed the entire analysis. C．It confirms the biological origin. D．It serves as a mobile laboratory. 3．Why is it difficult for scientist to get a Mars sample? A．Because of the uncertain future. B．Because of the funding quarrel. C．Because of the reduced budget. D．Because of the incomplete decision. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Budget cuts don’t affect NASA． B．NASA’s plan has been canceled. C．China’s mission has not started. D．Scientists long for rock samples. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星探索的新发现，特别是NASA的“毅力号”火星车在火星上发现的可能与古代微生物有关的矿物特征，以及获取火星样本面临的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. (如今，火星是一个寒冷干燥的沙漠。但数十亿年前，有证据表明它有浓厚的大气层和水，使其成为寻找过去生命的有希望的地方。)”可知，作者通过将火星的现状(寒冷干燥的沙漠)与其遥远的过去(有大气和水)进行对比来引出话题。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. (火星车利用其车载实验室中的几种仪器分析了岩石中的矿物质。然后，这些数据被发送回地球供科学家研究。)”可知，“毅力号”火星车利用其车载实验室中的多种仪器对岩石中的矿物质进行了分析，并发送数据回地球供科学家研究，因此它起到了移动实验室的作用。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. (美国航天局的科学预算正面临大幅削减，这是特朗普总统2026年预算中提出的，样本返回任务就是面临取消的任务之一)”可知，由于美国航天局的预算面临大幅削减，火星样本返回任务面临取消，因此科学家很难获取火星样本。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. (当这个决定还在被争论时，科学家们非常渴望能用戴着手套的双手拿到那些岩石。)”可推知，尽管关于火星样本返回任务的决定仍在争论中，但科学家们非常热切地期盼着得到这些岩石样本。故选D项。 Passage 12 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）For 17-year-old Maya Tan in Manila, identity comes with a question mark. Born toChinese- Filipino parents, she speaks Tagalog at school, Mandarin at home, and English on social media. “I’m 100% Filipino and 100% Chinese,” she says. “Which means I’m constantly doing math.” Maya represents Generation Drift — the third wave of Chinese immigrants’ children coping with diminished heritage. A 2024 survey by Ateneo de Manila University found that 68% of Chinese-Filipino teens feel “culturally anchorless,” unable to claim either identity fully. The pressure intensifies during festivals. “At Chinese New Year, my relatives call me ‘too Westernized,’” Maya explains. “But at school, classmates see me as ‘too Chinese.’” The disconnect extends beyond identity. When her grandfather fell ill in 2024, Maya struggled to communicate in Fujianese, his native dialect. She used a translation app, but it failed to capture the emotional shade. “I told him get well soon, but the app made it sound like a business email,” she recalls. The moment woke her to what’s lost in linguistic ordeal. In response, Maya co-founded BridgeSpeak, a youth-led initiative teaching conversational Fujianese through storytelling and K-pop cultural fusions. “We don’t learn to be more Chinese,’” she clarifies. “We learn to hold both worlds without splitting ourselves.” The project now has 500 members across Southeast Asia, each carrying their own hybrid reality. Yet Maya questions the ultimate goal. “Will my grandchildren still feel this gap?” she wonders. For now, she finds peace in the in-between, where identity isn’t a math problem to solve, but a story to live. 1．What does Maya mean by “constantly doing math”? A．She excels in mathematics at school. B．She calculates cultural identity percentages. C．She manages multiple language translations. D．She balances family expectations with peer pressure. 2．What does the survey from Ateneo de Manila University reveal? A．Most Chinese-Filipino teens reject their heritage. B．Bilingual education leads to identity confusion. C．Many feel unable to fully embrace either culture. D．Westernization strengthens cultural identity. 3．Why did the translation app fail to satisfy Maya? A．It lacked medical terms. B．It produced grammatically incorrect sentences. C．It couldn’t convey subtle emotional differences. D．It didn’t support Fujianese dialect. 4．What is BridgeSpeak’s core philosophy? A．To revive endangered Chinese dialects. B．To help youth embrace double identities. C．To promote K-pop culture in Southeast Asia. D．To separate cultural identities completely. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了华裔菲律宾女孩Maya在双重文化认同上的挣扎与探索。她通过创办 BridgeSpeak，旨在帮助同龄人在两种文化间找到平衡，无需割裂自我。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““I’m 100% Filipino and 100% Chinese,” she says. “Which means I’m constantly doing math.”(“我百分之百是菲律宾人，也百分之百是中国人，”她说道，“这就意味着我一直在进行数学运算。”)”可知，Maya说“constantly doing math”意思是她在计算文化身份的百分比。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A 2024 survey by Ateneo de Manila University found that 68% of Chinese-Filipino teens feel “culturally anchorless,” unable to claim either identity fully.(马尼拉雅典耀大学于2024年开展的一项调查发现，68%的华裔菲律宾青少年感觉自己“缺乏文化归属感”，无法完全认同其中任何一个身份)”可知，马尼拉雅典耀大学的这项调查揭示了许多人觉得无法完全接纳这两种文化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“She used a translation app, but it failed to capture the emotional shade.(她使用了一款翻译软件，但该软件未能准确传达出那份情感的微妙变化)”可知，这款翻译软件未能满足Maya的需求是因为它无法传达细微的情感差异。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段““We don’t learn to be more Chinese,’” she clarifies. “We learn to hold both worlds without splitting ourselves.”(她解释道：“我们不是要学着变得更‘中国化’，而是要学会同时接纳这两种文化，同时保持自我完整。”)”可知，“桥语”组织的核心理念是帮助年轻人接纳双重身份。故选B。 Passage 13 （2026·重庆·一模）“Where’s your squeaky ball? Bring me your panda bear! ” It’s not unusual for dogs to learn the names of their favorite toys. But some dogs can categorize toys by how they’re used during play, researchers now report. They can even decide what category a new toy should be in, based on how it’s used. And that’s without any verbal or physical clues. The team, led by Claudia Fugazza of Eötvös Loránd University, recruited 11 dogs and their owners to take part in the new study. Each dog was studied at home. First, owners played games with their dogs: either “pull” (tug-of-war) or “throw (fetch).” During each game, the owner repeatedly said the category out loud. Toys were assigned to a category at random. In other words, a toy’s physical traits (特征) did not dictate how it would be used. Game playing continued until the dogs related each toy to either “pull” or “throw.” Then, owners and dogs played the same pull or throw game with toys the dogs had not seen before. This time, the owners did not name the activities out loud. Next, owners asked their dogs to “bring me a pull” or “bring me a throw” from a toy pile. This tested if the dogs applied the labels based on their play with that toy. These dogs picked a new toy right most of the time. Previous animal studies that categorized things by their use relied on lab settings and formal training. “This is the first study exploring this cognitive skill in animals in their natural environment while making sure the dogs got only social cues (提示),” Fugazza says. Fugazza says the new study doesn’t show that all dogs have this functional-labeling skill. “But,” she adds, “I wouldn’t exclude that.” Next, researchers may want to explore what other mental categories these dogs can learn, and what brain activities underlie these abilities. 1．What does the underlined word “dictate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Hide. B．Change. C．Determine. D．Contradict. 2．The new-toy games were mainly designed to test dogs’________. A．emotional sensitivity B．transferable abilities C．problem-solving speed D．resistance to distractions 3．What distinguishes the new study from earlier ones? A．It involved new toys. B．It excluded social cues. C．It required stricter drills. D．It avoided unnatural settings. 4．What may researchers explore next? A．How else can dogs sort toys? B．Which kind of dogs can label toys? C．Why can some dogs learn toy names? D．What other cues affect dogs’ brain activities? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员发现部分狗狗能根据玩耍时的使用方式给玩具分类，还能将分类能力应用到新玩具上，并介绍了相关研究过程、特点及后续研究方向。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“In other words, a toy’s physical traits (特征) did not dictate how it would be used.(换句话说，玩具的物理特征并不能dictate它的使用方式)”以及前文“Toys were assigned to a category at random.(玩具被随机分配到某个类别)”可知，玩具的使用方式是随机分配的，与其本身的物理特征无关，即物理特征不能决定它的使用方式。由此猜测dictate意为“决定”，与determine意思相近。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then, owners and dogs played the same pull or throw game with toys the dogs had not seen before. This time, the owners did not name the activities out loud.(然后，主人和狗狗用狗狗从未见过的玩具玩同样的拉扯或投掷游戏。这一次，主人没有大声说出活动名称)”以及第四段“Next, owners asked their dogs to ‘bring me a pull’ or ‘bring me a throw’ from a toy pile. This tested if the dogs applied the labels based on their play with that toy. These dogs picked a new toy right most of the time.(接下来，主人让狗狗从一堆玩具中“给我拿一个用来拉扯的玩具”或“给我拿一个用来投掷的玩具”。这测试了狗狗是否会根据与玩具的玩耍情况来应用这些分类标签。这些狗狗大多数时候都能正确选出新玩具)”可推断，新玩具游戏主要是为了测试狗狗将已掌握的分类能力迁移到新玩具上的可迁移能力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Previous animal studies that categorized things by their use relied on lab settings and formal training. ‘This is the first study exploring this cognitive skill in animals in their natural environment while making sure the dogs got only social cues (提示),’ Fugazza says.(以往关于动物根据用途分类事物的研究都依赖于实验室环境和正式训练。 Fugazza说：“这是第一项在动物的自然环境中探索这种认知能力的研究，同时确保狗狗只获得社交提示。”)”可知，这项新研究与早期研究的区别在于它避免了非自然的实验室环境，而是在狗狗的自然环境中进行。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next, researchers may want to explore what other mental categories these dogs can learn, and what brain activities underlie these abilities.(接下来，研究人员可能想探索这些狗狗还能学习其他哪些心理分类，以及这些能力背后的大脑活动是什么)”可知，研究人员接下来可能会探索狗狗还能以其他哪些心理方式给玩具分类。故选A项。 Passage 14 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）“You’re addicted to cheap dopamine and it’s killing your motivation,” Berlin-based TikTok creator Tiziana Bucec said in a video. The video — which has over 2.9 million views — is a part of the nineteen-year-old’s anti-brain rot (腐化) series, dedicated to sharing tips on how to take back your brain. “Maybe today, do one thing that gives your brain a delayed reward — go for a walk, write something or clean your space.” Bucec is one of a growing trend of Gen Z influencers looking to wrestle with “brain rot” — a perceived mental worsening that comes from constant scrolling. The average American Gen Z spends over six hours a day scrolling on social media platforms like TikTok, and Instagram. Experts warn that young adults may be experiencing symptoms of accelerated brain aging as a result of too much social media consumption. “Brain rot is not really rotting our brains,” says Earl Miller, a cognitive neuroscientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “It’s constantly creating an environment that our brains are not equipped to deal with. We’re single-minded creatures and when all this information is coming at us, we want to consume everything and it’s hard to turn off that desire.” Even the chronically(长期地) online are encouraging their followers to take action against brain rot. TikTok has been flooded with mind maintenance videos, accumulating thousands of views for their cognitive health advice and anti-brain rot tutoring lessons. Digital detox (排毒) tools are also on the rise — from Brick, which blocks distracting apps, to the cozy Focus Friend. Using technology to stay away from social media may seem illogical, but research shows that regulating screen time and selecting the types of digital content you consume is linked to improved cognitive health. Gen Z’s unplugged movement is gaining popularity, and research is beginning to reveal how off-screen alternatives affects the brain. Experts recommend scheduling intentional social media breaks and even setting a timer to remind you to step away from your device even for a short while.“What I know about the brain is the sooner you get started on protecting your brain health, the better off you are,” says Small. 1．What made Tiziana Bucee post “anti-brain rot” video series? A．Encouraging people to spend more time online. B．Criticizing social media for causing brain aging. C．Promoting the application of digital detox tools. D．Reducing young people’s reliance on social media. 2．What can we infer about “brain rot” according to Earl Miller? A．It causes physical damage to human brains. B．It overloads brains with too much information C．It is a rare mental disorder among young adults. D．It can be cured by consuming more digital content. 3．What does the popularity of mind maintenance videos imply? A．Gen Z’s concern about cognitive health is increasing. B．Social media platforms are improving content quality. C．Most young adults are suffering from bad brain aging. D．TikTok improves the brain’s ability to process content. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gen Z’s Campaign against Brain Rot B．A Warning against Using Technology C．Digital Tools for Health Improvement D．Bad Effects of Social Media Addiction 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Z世代沉迷社交媒体导致“脑腐”，出现动力下降和认知老化。年轻人开始通过断网、使用数字排毒工具和刻意休息来对抗这一现象，专家建议尽早保护大脑健康。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““You’re addicted to cheap dopamine and it’s killing your motivation,” Berlin-based TikTok creator Tiziana Bucec said in a video. The video — which has over 2.9 million views — is a part of the nineteen-year-old’s anti-brain rot (腐化) series, dedicated to sharing tips on how to take back your brain. “Maybe today, do one thing that gives your brain a delayed reward — go for a walk, write something or clean your space.”(柏林市的 TikTok 创作者蒂齐亚娜·布塞克在一段视频中表示：“你对廉价的多巴胺上瘾了，这正在摧毁你的动力。”这段视频已有超过 290 万次的观看量，是这位 19 岁创作者“反脑腐”系列的一部分，该系列旨在分享如何恢复大脑的方法。“也许今天，做一件能给你的大脑带来延迟奖励的事情——去散步、写点东西或者打扫一下你的空间。”)”可推知，蒂齐亚娜·布塞克发布“反脑腐”系列视频是为了减少年轻人对社交媒体的依赖。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““It’s constantly creating an environment that our brains are not equipped to deal with. We’re single-minded creatures and when all this information is coming at us, we want to consume everything and it’s hard to turn off that desire.”(“它不断地营造一种我们的大脑无法应对的环境。我们是单一思维的生物，当所有这些信息向我们涌来时，我们想要吸收一切，很难抑制这种想要获取一切的欲望。”)”可推知，根据埃尔·米勒的观点，我们可以推断出“脑腐”会让大脑承受过多的信息负荷。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even the chronically ( 长期地) online are encouraging their followers to take action against brain rot. TikTok has been flooded with mind maintenance videos, accumulating thousands of views for their cognitive health advice and anti-brain rot tutoring lessons.( 即使那些长期在线的人也在鼓励他们的粉丝采取行动来对抗脑腐化。TikTok 上充斥着各种维护大脑健康的视频，这些视频的健康建议和反大脑老化辅导课程获得了数千次的观看量。)”可知，Z世代对认知健康的关注程度正在上升使得维护大脑健康的视频受欢迎。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Gen Z’s unplugged movement is gaining popularity, and research is beginning to reveal how off-screen alternatives affects the brain.( Z 世代的“断网”运动正逐渐流行起来，研究也开始揭示屏幕之外的替代活动对大脑的影响。)”可知，文章主要讲的是Z世代沉迷社交媒体导致“脑腐”，出现动力下降和认知老化。年轻人开始通过断网、使用数字排毒工具和刻意休息来对抗这一现象，专家建议尽早保护大脑健康。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“Z世代反对“脑腐”的运动”。故选A项。 Passage 1 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）Blind patients can read and recognise faces again with a “revolutionary” bionic (仿生的) chip, signaling a “new era” for artificial vision. It is a super- thin wireless microchip, measuring 2 mm by 2 mm, which is inserted under the retina (视网膜) and links to a video-camera on a pair of augmented-reality glasses. The device works with the camera recording the scene in front of the patient, and then AI changes the information to an infrared (红外线的) signal sent to the chip. Upon receiving the signal, the chip stimulates undamaged inner retinal neurons, so they can transmit the signal to the brain, where it is interpreted as vision. The chip insertion takes just a few hours, activated after a month, but it takes patients several more months to learn how to see again using the device. Dozens of patients who lost their eyesight through age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were fitted with the device on a trial including Moorfields Hospital in London, with more than 80% seeing major improvements. About 600,000 people in the UK suffer from AMD, a number that is expected to increase with an ageing population. In the new trial, 38 patients who were suffering from geographic atrophy were enrolled in trials across Britain,France, and Italy. After one year of using the system, most participants showed significant improvement in their ability to read letters on a standard eye chart, with an average improvement of 25.5 letters and five lines, and one improving by as many as 59 letters, or 12 lines. Mahi Muqit, senior consultant at Moorfields Eye Hospital, said, “These are elderly patients who were no longer able to read, write or recognise faces due to lost vision. They couldn’t even see the vision chart before. Now they’ve gone from being in darkness to being able to start using their vision again. In the history of artificial vision, this represents a new era. Blind patients are actually able to have meaningful central vision restoration, which has never been done before.” 1．How does the bionic chip help blind patients see? A．It helps patients learn how to use the glasses. B．It serves as a stimulus to work on the neurons. C．It inserts the camera under the patient’s retina. D．It records scenes and sends signals to the brain. 2．What can we learn about AMD from Paragraph 3? A．AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the UK. B．The number of AMD patients may rise in the future. C．Less than 20% of AMD patients showed no improvement. D．Moorfields Hospital is the best hospital to conduct the trial. 3．What is Mahi Muqit’s attitude towards the bionic chip? A．Optimistic. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To discuss a social problem. B．To explain a technical challenge. C．To introduce a medical achievement. D．To compare treatments for eye diseases. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一款革命性仿生芯片帮助失明患者恢复视力的工作原理、临床试验效果及医学意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Upon receiving the signal, the chip stimulates undamaged inner retinal neurons, so they can transmit the signal to the brain, where it is interpreted as vision. (芯片接收到信号后，会刺激视网膜内未受损的神经元，使其将信号传输至大脑，大脑将这些信号解读为视觉影像。)”可知，仿生芯片通过刺激神经元帮助盲人恢复视力。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“About 600,000 people in the UK suffer from AMD, a number that is expected to increase with an ageing population.(英国约有60万人患有年龄相关性黄斑变性，随着人口老龄化，这一数字预计还会上升。)”可知，未来年龄相关性黄斑变性患者的数量可能会增加。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Mahi Muqit, senior consultant at Moorfields Eye Hospital, said, “These are elderly patients who were no longer able to read, write or recognise faces due to lost vision. They couldn’t even see the vision chart before. Now they’ ve gone from being in darkness to being able to start using their vision again. In the history of artificial vision, this represents a new era. Blind patients are actually able to have meaningful central vision restoration, which has never been done before.”(摩尔菲尔德眼科医院的高级顾问马希·穆基特说：“这些老年患者曾因失明无法阅读、书写和识别人脸。他们以前甚至连视力表都看不见。现在他们从黑暗中走出来，能够重新开始使用视力了。在人工视觉史上，这代表着一个新时代的到来。失明患者实际上能够实现有意义的中心视力恢复，这是前所未有的。)”可知，马希·穆基特对这款仿生芯片持乐观态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Blind patients can read and recognise faces again with a “revolutionary” bionic (仿生的)chip, signaling a “new era” for artificial vision.(一款“革命性”仿生芯片能让失明患者重新阅读和识别人脸，标志着人工视觉迈入“新时代”。)”可知，文章的主要目的是介绍这项医学成就。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏盐城·期末）Keeping food cold often comes with a hidden problem: Traditional ice melts (融化), leaving pools of water that can make drinks watery, damage products, or even spread dangerous bacteria. Now, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have created jelly ice, a reusable and biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternative that cools like ice but never melts into liquid. The new material is made of 90% water and can be shaped into various forms. It stays solid below freezing, softens at room temperature, and can be reused by simply washing and refreezing. “Compared to regular ice of the same shape and size, jelly ice has up to 80% of the cooling efficiency,” said Jiahan Zou, a study researcher, “We can reuse the material and maintain the heat absorbance across multiple cooling and warning cycles, an advantage that regular ice cannot offer.” The project began when UC Davis food scientists noticed how much ice was used in fish-processing plants and how meltwater could spread bacteria. Seeking a safer option for grocery seafood displays, the team turned to gelatin a food-safe material whose protein structure can trap water even as it freezes and thaws (解冻). After years of testing, the researchers perfected a simple, one-step process for making jelly ice. The material is made from natural components and can be biodegraded after use. It doesn’t contribute to microplastic pollution, even offering a side benefit of improving tomato plant growth when added to soil. Beyond grocery stores, jelly ice could have wide applications. It could help preserve medical supplies during shipping, reduce waste in biotechnology, and provide reliable cooling options. It promises fresher food shipments without the mess of melting ice packs while also offering a sustainable alternative that reduces pollution risks and supports agriculture Although licenses for the technology have already been secured, jelly ice is not yet available for public purchase. It still requires market analysis, product design, and large-scale production testing. Inspired by its success, the team is now studying other natural polymers, such as plant-based proteins, to see if similar innovations can be developed. 1．What is one advantage of jelly ice over traditional ice? A．Fixed shape. B．Saving water. C．Repeated use. D．Cooling efficiency. 2．What does the author imply about jelly ice in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It stretches tomato growing cycles B．It adopts a bacteria-free material. C．It shortens the freezing time. D．It lowers environmental impacts. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The official approval is underway. B．Jelly ice needs further development. C．Traditional ice will soon disappear. D．Other natural polymers will be available. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Game-changer That Controls Bacteria. B．A Cooling Alternative That We Can Order. C．A Cooling Material That Doesn’t Melt. D．A Quick Fix That Cuts Biological Pollution. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了加州大学戴维斯分校研发的果冻冰，它可重复使用、生物降解且不融化成液态，用途广泛，目前未上市，还需完善，团队也在研究其他天然聚合物。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“It stays solid below freezing, softens at room temperature, and can be reused by simply washing and refreezing.(它在冰点以下保持固态，在室温下软化，通过简单的清洗和重新冷冻就可以重复使用。)”以及“We can reuse the material and maintain the heat absorbance across multiple cooling and warming cycles, an advantage that regular ice cannot offer.(我们可以重复使用这种材料，并在多个冷却和升温周期中保持吸热性，这是普通冰无法提供的优势。)”可知，与传统冰相比，果冻冰可以重复使用，这是其一大优势。因此，选项C“Repeated use.(重复使用)”符合题意。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“the team turned to gelatin a food-safe material whose protein structure can trap water even as it freezes and thaws (解冻).(研究小组转向了明胶，一种食品安全的材料，其蛋白质结构即使在冷冻和解冻时也能锁住水分。)”以及第四段中的“The material is made from natural components and can be biodegraded after use. It doesn’t contribute to microplastic pollution, even offering a side benefit of improving tomato plant growth when added to soil.(这种材料由天然成分制成，使用后可生物降解。它不会造成微塑料污染，甚至在添加到土壤中时还能带来改善番茄植物生长的额外好处。)”可知，果冻冰采用的是一种安全的材料，且使用后可生物降解，不会造成微塑料污染，甚至还能改善番茄植物的生长。由此可推知，作者暗示果冻冰降低了对环境的影响。因此，选项D“It lowers environmental impacts.(它降低了环境影响)”符合题意。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Although licenses for the technology have already been secured, jelly ice is not yet available for public purchase. It still requires market analysis, product design, and large-scale production testing.(尽管这项技术的许可证已经获得，但果冻冰尚未向公众出售。它仍然需要进行市场分析、产品设计和大规模生产测试。)”可知，果冻冰虽然已经获得了技术许可，但仍然需要进行市场分析、产品设计和大规模生产测试，这意味着果冻冰还需要进一步的发展。因此，选项B“Jelly ice needs further development.(果冻冰需要进一步发展)”符合题意。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Now, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have created jelly ice, a reusable and biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternative that cools like ice but never melts into liquid.(现在，加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员发明了一种果冻冰，这是一种可重复使用且可生物降解的替代品，它像冰一样冷却，但永远不会融化成液体。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的冷却材料——果冻冰，它像冰一样冷却，但永远不会融化成液体。因此，选项C“A Cooling Material That Doesn’t Melt.(一种不会融化的冷却材料)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）In the digital age, many people feel unable to focus on anything demanding, yet can spend hours scrolling on their phones. Neuroscience suggests this is not a sign of weak character but the result of how the brain’s reward system works. The brain is constantly doing a cost-benefit calculation: Which action will bring the greatest reward for the least effort? This process relies heavily on a chemical called dopamine. Contrary to popular belief, dopamine is not the “pleasure chemical” but the “wanting chemical”. It rises mainly in anticipation of a reward, pushing us to keep searching, clicking, and consuming. Modern apps, games and snacks are carefully designed to deliver quick, effortless rewards. When the brain receives too many of these “easy hits”, it adapts. Dopamine receptors are downregulated, meaning more stimulation is needed to achieve the same level of interest. Activities that once felt satisfying — reading, studying, exercising — begin to seem dull or even painful by comparison. Like a drug user developing tolerance,the constant seeker of instant satisfaction becomes increasingly unmotivated. The good news is that the brain is plastic; its circuits can be reshaped. One suggested method is a“dopamine detox (多巴胺戒断)”. This does not remove dopamine itself, but temporarily cuts down on the most intense, low-effort sources of stimulation, such as social media, online games and junk food. During this period, people are encouraged to replace them with slower, effortful activities: walking without a phone,cooking, writing by hand or doing focused work. At first, these activities feel boring, and withdrawal symptoms like restlessness or irritability (易怒) are common. However, as time passes, the brain recalibrates (重新校准). Dopamine receptors become more sensitive, and natural rewards — finishing a task, understanding a concept, completing a workout — start to feel enjoyable again. The balance shifts from seeking short-lived pleasure to building deeper satisfaction. Over time, choosing difficult but meaningful tasks can become easier than escaping into distraction. Each decision to concentrate rather than click strengthens brain regions responsible for self-control and weakens those driven by impulse (冲动). In this way, changing our everyday habits and environments may gradually turn discipline from a constant struggle into a more natural way of living. 1．Which of the following best describes dopamine in paragraph 2? A．It is released after receiving a guaranteed reward. B．It is a cost-benefit calculation that the brain is doing. C．It is the “wanting chemical” that motivates behaviors. D．It is the “pleasure chemical” in anticipation of a reward. 2．Why do “effortful activities” feel painful to instant satisfaction seekers? A．They give too little dopamine for the brain. B．The brain expects high reward with low effort. C．The brain no longer feels any real satisfaction. D．Social media has broken the brain's reward system. 3．What might be helpful for practicing a “dopamine detox”? A．Cooking or walking without a phone. B．Seeking short-lived pleasure actively. C．Escaping into distraction deliberately. D．Clicking and consuming in moderation. 4．What is the core purpose of a dopamine detox? A．To avoid all modern technology and social life. B．To eliminate dopamine production permanently. C．To increase the brain's sensitivity to natural rewards. D．To force the brain to choose pleasure over satisfaction. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字时代大脑奖赏系统的工作机制，介绍多巴胺戒断方法，说明其能重塑大脑、提升自控力的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Contrary to popular belief, dopamine is not the “pleasure chemical” but the “wanting chemical”. It rises mainly in anticipation of a reward, pushing us to keep searching, clicking, and consuming.(与普遍看法相反，多巴胺不是“快乐化学物质”，而是“欲望化学物质”。它主要在对奖励的期待中升高，促使我们不断搜索、点击和消费)”可知，多巴胺是驱动人们行为的“欲望化学物质”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The brain is constantly doing a cost-benefit calculation: Which action will bring the greatest reward for the least effort? (大脑一直在做成本收益计算：哪种行为能用最少的努力带来最大的回报？)”以及第三段内容可知，大脑习惯了低付出高回报的刺激，而需要付出努力的活动不符合这个预期。由此推知，对追求即时满足的人来说会觉得痛苦。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段 “During this period, people are encouraged to replace them with slower, effortful activities: walking without a phone,cooking, writing by hand or doing focused work. (在此期间，人们被鼓励用更缓慢、需要付出努力的活动来替代它们：不带手机散步、做饭、手写或专注工作)”可知，不带手机散步或做饭有助于进行多巴胺戒断。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“However, as time passes, the brain recalibrates (重新校准). Dopamine receptors become more sensitive, and natural rewards — finishing a task, understanding a concept, completing a workout — start to feel enjoyable again. (然而，随着时间推移，大脑会重新校准。多巴胺受体变得更加敏感，而那些天然奖励——完成一项任务、理解一个概念、完成一次锻炼——又开始让人感到愉悦)”可推知，多巴胺戒断的核心目的是提高大脑对天然奖励的敏感度。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）As social media becomes more easily controlled and AI-driven, ignoring online popularity gains new respect. There are many ways to be “big” online, but not all are equal. An account could belong to a famous brand, represent hard-won fame like Emily Mariko’s on TikTok, or be a trusted expert source like economist Adam Tooze. However, an account with a huge number of followers today often means little in terms of genuine engagement; many may be inactive, and low interaction rates reveal this. Furthermore, many large accounts are legacy figures from an earlier era — they are the establishment, not the leading edge. Music producer Jack Antonoff has over half a million followers, while rising musician Marcus Brown has just over three thousand. Which is a better follow? The large number of followers no longer means as much as it used to, as social media are easier to fake and more controlled by artificial intelligence. On the other hand, a noticeably small following now packs a punch. Writer Emily Sundberg praised Air Mail’s new editor for having fewer than 500 Instagram followers. Similarly, stylist Lotta Volkova posts randomly, unconcerned with low likes. This “who cares” attitude shows status; there’s envy for those building careers without social media performance pressure. Overexposure now feels shameful by comparison. When did large followings lose appeal? It’s a post-pandemic (后疫情时代的) shift. During COVID, screen time rose sharply, and TikTok’s system enabled overnight fame. But audience attention has since declined as users move passively rather than seeking specific accounts. Attracting an audience is now “inexpensive” — easy to game. Meanwhile, users migrate to small platforms like Patreon. The follower-followee relationship has become highly commercialized, essentially functioning as advertising space. This very commercialism has trained us to be distrustful of excessive online exposure, making us prefer authorities who maintain a limited social media presence. We are drawn to low-follower accounts that are clearly guided by their owners’ genuine interests. A prime example is the poet Erin Taylor, who has expressed that a modest following often suggests a fulfilling real-world social life, saying that “keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline.” Consequently, accounts with smaller followings — often under 5,000 — are seen as more real. 1．What is a common feature of many huge follower accounts today? A．They are difficult to manage. B．They often show limited real engagement. C．They always belong to well-known brands. D．They represent leading-edge cultural trends. 2．What does the underlined phrase “packs a punch” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Requires extra preparation. B．Calls for additional promotion. C．Carries a certain weight. D．Needs careful content polishing. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Large followings lost appeal after the pandemic. B．TikTok caused lasting damage to online attention. C．Audiences have become harder to attract after 2022. D．Small social media platforms will replace traditional ones. 4．What do we know from Erin’s words? A．Keeping a small following requires self- control. B．Social media should reflect followers’ preferences. C．Online connection is more meaningful than offline life. D．Most creators aim to keep their follower count below 5,000. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出后疫情时代社交媒体粉丝量不再等同于影响力，低粉丝量账号因真实反而更受青睐，反映大众对过度商业化的反感。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, an account with a huge number of followers today often means little in terms of genuine engagement; many may be inactive, and low interaction rates reveal this. (然而，如今一个拥有大量粉丝的账号，在真实互动方面往往意义不大；许多粉丝可能处于不活跃状态，低互动率就说明了这一点。)”可知，如今很多粉丝量庞大的账号的共同特点是实际互动有限。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Music producer Jack Antonoff has over half a million followers, while rising musician Marcus Brown has just over three thousand. Which is a better follow? (音乐制作人杰克・安东诺夫拥有50多万粉丝，而新晋音乐人马库斯・布朗只有3000多粉丝。哪一个更值得关注呢？)”以及后文列举的粉丝量少却受推崇的例子可知，前文提出粉丝数量不再重要，此处应是指粉丝量少的账号如今也具有影响力。因此“packs a punch”的意思是具有一定分量或影响力。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When did large followings lose appeal? It’s a post-pandemic (后疫情时代的) shift. (粉丝量庞大的账号是从什么时候开始失去吸引力的？这是后疫情时代的一种转变。)”可知，大量粉丝的账号在疫情之后失去了吸引力。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“A prime example is the poet Erin Taylor, who has expressed that a modest following often suggests a fulfilling real-world social life, saying that “keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline.” (诗人艾琳・泰勒就是一个典型例子，她表示，粉丝数量适中往往意味着充实的现实社交生活，她还说“保持粉丝数量在低位是我们自身的一种自律”)”可知，艾琳认为保持较少的粉丝量需要自我约束。故选A项。 Passage 5 （2026·重庆九龙坡·一模）In his book Ordinary Magic, Stanford psychologist Gregory Walton reveals how small, evidence-based techniques termed “wise interventions” can create far-reaching personal transformation. The concept originated from Walton’s teenage encounter with Stanford social psychologist Claude Steele’s work on “stereotype threat”: simply the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group could disturb them on a challenging test. But a simple reframing technique like calling a test “a puzzle” can break this cycle. “In tradition, ‘wise’ doesn’t mean good or effective — it’s more like street smarts paired with science,” Walton said. “It’s understanding that, for all of us, there are times in life when you walk into a situation that poses an uncomfortable question — a question that seeks to define you.” These questions often arise during important stages: a child beginning a new school or a college graduate starting his/her first job. Those moments can lead to questions like: “Do I belong here?”, “Can I do it?” “No one likes these doubts,” said Walton. “Often we pay no attention to these thoughts or try to push them away. But the sad truth is, left unaddressed, doubts like these can make themselves true. That’s what Steele’s stereotype threat did. People worried ‘If I do badly, will people judge my whole group?’That made it harder to do well on a tough test.” “But we can get ‘wise’ to psychological questions,” Walton said. “We can develop ‘an ear’ for them, and when we anticipate that they come up, we can learn to answer them well, both for others and for ourselves.” That effect can be significant. In one study, Walton found that a one-hour session addressing students’ worries about belonging during the change to college improved their lives 10 years later. “It needn’t be fancy. It might be as simple as an encouraging note from a teacher given at the right time,” Walton said. “This is ordinary magic,” said Walton. “Ordinary magic is vision that helps us see the good and competent persons we can become and how we can get there. They show us that failures don’t define us, that barriers are normal and that they need not stop us.” 1．What can a simple reframing technique do according to the text? A．Take the pressure away. B．Make people less confident. C．Remove positive thoughts. D．Get students more worried. 2．What is probably Walton’s suggestion about self- doubts? A．Pushing them away. B．Ignoring them. C．Dealing with them. D．Hiding them inside. 3．How did the belonging interventions influence the students? A．They made the students rely more on their teachers in daily study. B．They brought long-term positive changes to the students’ lives. C．They caused the students to have more doubts about their abilities. D．They directly raised the students’ academic scores in a short time. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The principle of ordinary magic B．The importance of addressing doubts C．The effects of stereotype threat D．The power of “wise interventions” 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家Gregory Walton在其著作《Ordinary Magic》中提出的“明智干预”概念。这些基于证据的小技巧，通过重新构建对情境的认知，能够帮助人们应对自我怀疑和刻板印象威胁，从而产生深远、积极的人生转变。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But a simple reframing technique like calling a test ‘a puzzle’ can break this cycle. (但是，一个简单的重构技巧，比如把一项测试称为“一个谜题”，就能打破这个循环。)”可知，这种技巧旨在打破由“刻板印象威胁”带来的压力和恶性循环，从而减轻压力。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Often we pay no attention to these thoughts or try to push them away. But the sad truth is, left unaddressed, doubts like these can make themselves true. (我们常常不理会这些想法，或者试图把它们推开。但可悲的事实是，如果不去解决，这些疑虑可能会成真。)”以及第五段“we can learn to answer them well (我们可以学会妥善地回答它们)”可知，Walton的建议不是忽视或推开自我怀疑，而是要去面对和处理它们。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“In one study, Walton found that a one-hour session addressing students’ worries about belonging during the change to college improved their lives 10 years later. (在一个研究中，Walton发现大学过渡期，仅用一个小时来解决学生对归属感的担忧，就在10年后改善了他们的生活。)”可知，这种干预对学生产生了长期而积极的改变。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕Gregory Walton提出的“wise interventions(明智干预)”这一核心概念展开，介绍了其起源、原理、具体案例和积极效果。选项A“普通魔法的原理”、B“解决怀疑的重要性”、C“刻板印象威胁的影响”都只是文章提及的某个方面，不足以概括全文。而选项D“明智干预”的力量”准确涵盖了文章的核心主题。故选D。 Passage 6 （2026·重庆渝中·二模）It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve? The accepted wisdom tells us progress comes from small, consistent changes that compound over time. Consistency has its place. But there’s another dimension to transformation we rarely discuss: the catalytic (催化的) power of intense productivity bursts. It’s this more intense, temporary mode of obsession that is key. Productivity experts often advocate sustainable habits and warn against the dangers of going too hard. But neuroscience reveals something fascinating: Our brains respond strongly to intensity. Our brains are highly malleable; they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge. Researchers studied London taxi drivers preparing for a test that involved memorizing 25,000 streets. When they examined the brains of these taxi drivers before and after this intensive study period, they discovered something remarkable: The posterior hippocampus, crucial for spatial navigation, physically enlarges. This finding points to a broader principle in human neuroscience: Transformation often requires crossing intensity levels that moderate effort simply can’t reach. At the level of the brain, intense learning looks very different than the slow, consistent gains we’re more familiar with. Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve. Most of us live in maintenance mode. We do enough not to lose ground but rarely enough to truly advance. Maybe it’s time we stopped feeling guilty about our occasional obsessions and started seeing them for what they are: the catalysts that make our steady progress meaningful. 1．What does the scene presented in paragraph 1 indicate? A．Unrealistic goals can lead to failure. B．Constant failures may cause frustration. C．Multitasking can not enhance productivity. D．Sustained effort may not yield real progress. 2．What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Repairable. B．Adaptable. C．Delicate. D．Analytical. 3．What happens during “transient hypofrontality”? A．You let down your guard. B．You exercise more self-regulation. C．You feel at one with the task. D．You experience a state of confusion. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Intense Focus Beats Steady Habits. B．The Key to Transformation: Consistency. C．How Changing Your Habits Leads to Growth. D．Maintenance Mode: A Common Productivity Trap. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了持续努力可能无法带来真正进步，强调了高强度专注相较于稳定习惯的优势。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve.(现在是周日晚上，你正在回顾过去一周在五个不同目标上的进展，但没有一个真正取得进展。你锻炼了两次，读了20页商业书籍，与家人共度了美好时光，并坚持了冥想练习。根据生产力专家的说法，你做的每件事都是正确的。那么，为什么有意义的改变如此难以实现呢？)”可知，第一段描述的场景表明了尽管付出了持续的努力，但可能并未取得真正的进步。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge.(它们会发生变化，有时是戏剧性的变化，以反映新获得的技能和知识)”可知，大脑会发生变化以适应新技能和知识的获得，这表明大脑是可适应的，由此可知，malleable意为“可适应的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex, largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve.(研究发现，在高度专注的时期，我们的大脑会表现出短暂的前额叶功能低下。主要负责自我监控的前额叶皮层往往会安静下来，这与在“心流状态”中经常看到的情况相呼应，在心流状态中，自我和任务之间的界限消失了。)”可知，在“短暂前额叶功能低下”期间，前额叶皮层安静下来，自我和任务之间的界限消失，这表明你感觉与任务融为一体。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了持续努力可能无法带来真正的进步，而高强度专注则具有催化作用，能够推动大脑发生显著变化，从而实现真正的转变。文章通过对比持续努力和高强度专注的效果，强调了高强度专注的优势，因此选项A“为什么高强度专注胜过稳定的习惯”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $