海南省海口市2025-2026学年高二英语下学期阶段测试外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5单元检测

外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5 Learning from nature 单元同步检测卷 考试时间：100分钟 满分：100分 第一部分：词句基础过关（共30分） 1、 写作词汇（根据中文写出英文）（每小题0.5分，共5分） 1. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. 模仿 v. ________ 3. 极好的，出色的 adj. ________ 4. 智慧 n. ________ 5. 运用，使用 v. ________ 6. 医生 n. ________ 7. 农村的，乡村的 adj. ________ 8. 相当好的，正派的 adj. ________ 9. 得到，获得 v. ________ 10. 评估，评价 v. ________ 11. 转变，转换 v. ____模仿 v. ________ 二、 阅读词汇（根据英文写出中文）（每小题0.5分，共5分） 1. 12. architect n. ________ 13. biomimicry n. ________ 14. plumbing n. ________ 15. frontier n. ________ 16. domestic adj. ________ 17. purity n. ________ 18. resign v. ________ 19. botanical adj. ________ 20. fulfillment n. ________ 21. echo-location n. _____ 三、 转换词汇（根据提示写出相应形式）（每小题1分，共10分） 1. architect n. 建筑师 → ________ n. 建筑学 → ________ adj. 建筑上的 2. employ v. 运用；雇用 → ________ n. 雇主 → ________ n. 雇员 3. wisdom n. 智慧 → ________ adj. 聪明的，明智的 4. purity n. 纯洁 → ________ adj. 纯的；纯洁的 → ________ v. 使洁净 5. depart v. 离开 → ________ n. 离开；启程 6. resign v. 使顺从；辞职 → ________ n. 顺从；辞职信 7. evaluate v. 评估 → ________ n. 评估，评价 8. depress v. 使抑郁 → ________ adj. 抑郁的 → ________ n. 抑郁；沮丧 四、 短语互译（每小题1分，共10分） 1. 2. 认为……理所当然 _______________ 3. 与……和谐相处 ________________ 4. 对……做出反应 ________________ 5. 寻求解决方法 ________________ 6. 从……中获取灵感 _______________ 7. stick with ________________ 8. be based on ________________ 9. be fed with ________________ 10. meet the needs of ________________ 11. in return for ___________________ 第二部分：句子翻译（中译英）（每小题4分，共20分） 1.我们如此习惯它们，以至于我们可能把它们视为理所当然。（so...that...和take...for granted） 2. 当然，并不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。（强调句型 It was not...that...） 3. 游客们经常惊讶地发现自己置身于一座捕捉了自然形态美的城市建筑中。（定语从句 ） 4. 满足今天的需求同时保护明天的世界可能是一个挑战。（动名词短语作主语） 5. 理所当然地认为自然资源是无穷无尽的是错误的。（(常用 It is ... to do sth. 结构） 第三部分：篇章语法填空（共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. From Barcelona's forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature 1. ________ (present) in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways 2. ________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms. Singapore's ArtScience Museum is a superb example. Shaped 3. ________ (resemble) a lotus flower, it appears 4. ________ (float) above the waterfront. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water 5. ________ (recycle) through the building's plumbing system. Another example is Harare's Eastgate Centre, 6. ________ is a superb example of biomimicry. Architect Mick Pearce 7. ________ (inspire) by termites constructing their mounds. The mounds have little holes 8. ________ (design) to allow air to move freely. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a "skin" covered in holes, 9. ________ (reduce) the need for traditional air conditioning. Creating buildings such as these 10. ________ (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment. 第四部分：阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage A Biomimicry is not just about copying the look of nature; it's about understanding the deep principles that allow organisms to survive and thrive. One of the most famous examples is the development of Velcro. In 1941, Swiss engineer George de Mestral went for a walk in the woods with his dog. Upon returning, he noticed burrs sticking to his clothes and his dog's fur. Under a microscope, he saw that the burrs had tiny hooks that could latch onto loops of thread or hair. This simple observation led to the invention of a fastening system used today in everything from shoes to space suits. Another fascinating application is found in the design of high-speed trains. Japan's Shinkansen bullet train originally created a loud "tunnel boom" when exiting tunnels due to air pressure changes. Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer and birdwatcher, looked to the kingfisher for a solution. The kingfisher's beak is shaped to allow it to dive from air into water with very little splash. By redesigning the train's nose to mimic the kingfisher's beak, engineers not only eliminated the noise but also made the train 10% faster and 15% more energy-efficient. Furthermore, nature's influence extends to the field of materials science. Scientists have been studying the structure of shark skin, which is covered in tiny, tooth-like scales called denticles. These scales reduce drag and prevent microorganisms from sticking to the surface. By mimicking this texture, researchers have developed coatings for ships that reduce fuel consumption and antibacterial surfaces for hospitals that do not rely on chemicals. In the world of architecture, the lotus flower has inspired the design of self-cleaning surfaces. The leaves of the lotus have a unique microscopic structure that causes water to bead up and roll off, taking dirt particles with it. This "lotus effect" has been applied to paints and glass, allowing buildings to stay clean with minimal maintenance. These examples demonstrate that nature is a vast library of design ideas, offering sustainable solutions to complex human problems. By observing the natural world with curiosity and respect, we can continue to innovate in ways that are both efficient and environmentally friendly. 1. What inspired the invention of Velcro? A. The shape of a dog's fur. B. Tiny hooks on burrs. C. The structure of space suits. D. A microscope's lens. 2. Why did the Shinkansen train need a redesign? A. It was too slow for passengers. B. It used too much electricity. C. It produced a loud noise when leaving tunnels. D. Its nose was not attractive enough. 3. What is the "lotus effect" primarily used for in modern technology? A. Creating waterproof clothing for divers. B. Developing self-cleaning paints and glass. C. Improving the speed of underwater vehicles. D. Reducing the weight of architectural materials. 4. What is the author's attitude towards biomimicry? A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. Passage B The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, is a superb example of biomimicry. Designed by architect Mick Pearce, it is a building that "breathes" without the need for conventional air conditioning or heating systems. The inspiration for this innovative design came from a nature documentary about African termites and the complex mounds they build to survive in harsh environments. Termites need a constant internal temperature of exactly 87 degrees Fahrenheit to grow the fungus that is their primary food source. To achieve this in a climate where outside temperatures can range from 35 degrees at night to over 100 degrees during the day, termites build mounds with a sophisticated system of vents. They constantly open and close these vents to manage convection currents, drawing in cool air at the base and venting hot air out through a central chimney at the top. This natural ventilation system maintains a stable environment regardless of the external weather conditions. Pearce applied these principles to the Eastgate Centre. The building is composed of two blocks of offices and shops, separated by an open-air atrium. The structure's concrete walls have a high thermal mass, meaning they can absorb a significant amount of heat without changing temperature rapidly. During the day, the walls absorb heat from the sun and the building's occupants, keeping the interior cool. At night, large fans pull cool air from the outside through the building's floors and offices. As this cool air passes through the structure, it absorbs the heat stored in the concrete walls, warming the air to a comfortable temperature. This biomimetic design allows the Eastgate Centre to use 90% less energy than a conventional building of the same size. Not only does this significantly reduce the building's environmental impact, but it also makes it much more cost-effective to run. The money saved on energy costs allowed the developers to offer lower rents to tenants, benefiting the local economy. The Eastgate Centre stands as a powerful reminder that by studying the ingenious solutions developed by even the simplest organisms over millions of years, we can find ways to meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow. 1. What is the main purpose of the termite mounds' vents? A. To provide a home for the fungus. B. To protect termites from predators. C. To regulate the internal temperature. D. To store food for the winter. 2. How does the Eastgate Centre stay cool during the day? A. By using high-powered electric fans. B. By absorbing heat into its concrete walls. C. By opening all the windows at noon. D. By pumping cold water through the plumbing. 3. What was a direct economic benefit of the Eastgate Centre's design? A. It became the most expensive building in Zimbabwe. B. It allowed for lower rents due to energy savings. C. It attracted millions of tourists to Harare. D. It reduced the cost of building materials. 4. Which of the following would be the best title? A. The Life Cycle of African Termites B. A Sustainable Building Inspired by Nature C. The History of Architecture in Zimbabwe D. How to Reduce Energy Costs in Offices 第五部分：应用文写作（共15分） 假定你是校英文报记者李华。你校上周举办了以“Learn from Nature, Explore Science”为主题的科技节活动。请你写一篇短文报道此次活动，内容包括： 活动的时间、地点和目的； 活动内容（如：仿生建筑模型展示、自然观察报告分享等）； 你的感受。 注意：词数100左右； 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Learn from Nature, Explore Science ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5 参考答案及详细解析 第一部分：词句基础过关 一、 写作词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. mimic (模仿) 2. superb (极好的，出色的) 3. wisdom (智慧) 4. employ (运用，使用) 5. physician (医生) 6. rural (农村的，乡村的) 7. decent (相当好的，正派的) 8. attain (得到，获得) 9. evaluate (评估，评价) 10. convert (转变，转换) 二、 阅读词汇 11. 建筑师 (architect) 12. 仿生学 (biomimicry) 13. 管道系统 (plumbing) 14. 前沿 (frontier) 15. 驯养的/国内的 (domestic) 16. 纯洁 (purity) 17. 顺从/辞职 (resign) 18. 植物学的 (botanical) 19. 满足感 (fulfillment) 20. 回声定位 (echo-location) 三、 转换词汇 1. architecture (n. 建筑学); architectural (adj. 建筑上的) 2. employer (n. 雇主); employee (n. 雇员) 3. wise (adj. 聪明的，明智的) 4. pure (adj. 纯的); purify (v. 使洁净) 5. departure (n. 离开；启程) 6. resignation (n. 顺从；辞职) 7. evaluation (n. 评估，评价) 8. depressive (adj. 抑郁的); depression (n. 抑郁；沮丧) 四、 短语互译 1. take... for granted 2. live in harmony with 3. respond to 4. seek solutions to 5. take inspiration from 6. 坚持；不离弃 7. 基于…… 8. 以……为食/被喂食 9. 满足……的需求 10. 作为对……的回报 第二部分：句子翻译（解析） 1. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted. 解析：考察 so...that... (如此……以至于) 引导的结果状语从句，以及固定搭配 take sth. for granted (认为某事理所当然)。 2. Of course, it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. 解析：考察强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that...。此处强调的是主语（the umbrella / the roof）。 3. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. 解析：考察 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 an urban building。 4. Meeting the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge. 解析：考察动名词短语 Meeting... 作主语，谓语动词用单数。while protecting 是 while引导的状语从句省略结构。 5. It is wrong to take it for granted that natural resources are endless. 解析：考察 It is + adj. + to do sth. 结构，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 第三部分：篇章语法填空（解析） 1. is presented：主语 nature 与 present 是被动关系，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。 2. to capture：ways to do sth.，动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的方法”。 3. to resemble：Shaped to resemble...，过去分词短语作状语，表示“被塑造成像……的样子”。 4. to float：appear to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“似乎，显得”。 5. is recycled：主语 water 与 recycle是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。 6. which：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Eastgate Centre，在从句中作主语。 7. was inspired：描述过去发生的动作（建筑师受到启发），用一般过去时的被动语态。 8. designed：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 little holes，表示“被设计用来……”。 9. reducing：现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然产生的结果。 10. enables：动名词短语 Creating buildings... 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 第四部分：阅读理解（解析） Passage A 1. B：根据第一段“the burrs had tiny hooks that could latch onto loops of thread... led to the invention of a fastening system”可知，灵感来自刺果上的小钩子。 2. C：根据第二段“originally created a loud 'tunnel boom' when exiting tunnels”可知，重新设计是为了解决隧道噪音问题。 3. B：根据第三段“This 'lotus effect' has been applied to paints and glass, allowing buildings to stay clean”可知，主要用于开发自洁涂料和玻璃。 4. C：通读全文，作者介绍了仿生学在多个领域的成功应用，并称自然为“巨大的设计创意库”，态度显然是支持和肯定的。 Passage B 1. C：根据第二段“They constantly open and close these vents to manage convection currents... maintains a stable environment”可知，通风口是为了调节内部温度。 2. B：根据第三段“The structure's concrete walls... absorb heat from the sun... keeping the interior cool”可知，白天通过混凝土墙吸收热量来降温。 3. B：根据最后一段“The money saved on energy costs allowed the developers to offer lower rents to tenants”可知，节能带来的直接经济效益是降低了租金。 4. B：文章核心介绍了一座受自然（白蚁丘）启发而建成的可持续建筑，因此 B 选项最符合主旨。 第五部分：应用文写作（范文） Exploring Nature Through Science Last week, our school successfully held a Science and Technology Festival themed "Learning from Nature" in the school hall. The event aimed to inspire students' interest in biomimicry and raise awareness of environmental protection. During the festival, a variety of activities were organized. Many students displayed their impressive models of nature-inspired buildings, such as a stadium shaped like a bird's nest. Besides, some shared their fascinating reports on how animals' unique abilities can solve human problems. I was deeply impressed by the wisdom of nature. This event not only broadened our horizons but also taught us the importance of living in harmony with our environment. It is high time that we learned more from nature to create a better future. $ 外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5 Learning from nature 命题双向细目表 考试时长：100分钟 卷面总分：100分 适用对象：高二学生 难度系数：0.55 - 0.65 题序 题型 考察内容/知识点 认知层次 分值 难度 第一部分：词句基础过关 (30分) 一 写作词汇 单元核心动词、形容词拼写 (mimic, superb, wisdom等) 记忆/应用 10 中 二 阅读词汇 学科前沿名词、抽象名词识记 (biomimicry, frontier等) 识记 10 易 三 转换词汇 词根词缀、词性转换规律 (architecture, resignation等) 理解/应用 10 中 四 短语互译 单元高频固定搭配 (take...for granted, in harmony with等) 记忆/应用 10 中 第二部分：语法句式操练 (20分) 五 句子翻译 强调句、定语从句、so...that、非谓语动词作主语 综合应用 25 难 第三部分：篇章语法填空 (15分) 六 语法填空 语境下的词性转换、时态语态、连词、非谓语动词 分析/应用 15 中 第四部分：阅读理解 (20分) 七 阅读理解 细节理解、主旨大意、作者态度、推理判断 分析/评价 20 中/难 第五部分：应用文写作 (15分) 八 短文报道 话题写作：科技节报道；语言组织、逻辑衔接、词汇运用 创造 15 中 分值分布比例 语言知识 (词汇/语法)65% 语言技能 (阅读/写作)35% 基础题 (识记/理解)约 40% 中档题 (应用/分析)约 40% 提高题 (评价/创造)约 20% 命题意图说明 本卷旨在全面检测学生对 Unit 5 "Learning from nature" 核心知识的掌握情况。重点考察仿生学相关专业词汇的拼写与转换，以及非谓语动词、强调句等高阶句式的产出能力。阅读部分通过长难篇章考察学生在复杂语境下的信息提取能力，写作部分则侧重于学生在真实情境下运用单元话题词汇进行叙述与表达的能力。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $