内容正文:
日拱一卒,功不唐捐!
初中英语必背短语句型
一、资料介绍
本套材料是专为初中阶段学生设计的系统性英语学习工具,聚焦“短语+句型”两大核心模块,紧扣新课标与中考命题趋势,旨在帮助学生高效积累语言素材、提升词汇运用能力与写作表达水平。以“思维导图联想串记”为特色方法,将零散知识点结构化、可视化,助力学生从“死记硬背”转向“理解记忆+灵活应用”。
二、内容结构与重点亮点
1. 内容全面,覆盖核心考点
· 涵盖初中各版本教材及新课标大纲词汇解析中涉及的常考短语,交叉互补,无遗漏。
· 精选中考高频句型,覆盖语法结构、写作句式、口语表达等实用场景。
· 按主题/功能分类,构建知识网络,强化联想记忆。
· 例句贴近生活、贴近考情,帮助学生理解用法、辨析语境、拓展表达。
2. 科学解析,四维深度解读
· 例句:真实语境呈现,强化语感。
· 用法:标注语法功能、搭配习惯、使用场景。
· 辨析:对比易混短语/句型,避免误用。
· 拓展:延伸相关表达、同义替换、高阶用法,提升语言丰富度。
3. 记忆科学,多维巩固机制
· 单元导图汇总:每单元后附大导图,串联本单元所有短语,形成知识闭环。
· 配套练习题:每单元设置检测题,即时反馈学习效果,查漏补缺。
· 联想串记法:通过图像、逻辑、语义关联,提升记忆效率与持久性。
三、适用对象与使用建议
· 适用对象:初一至初三学生,尤其适合基础薄弱、需系统梳理短语句型、备考中考的学生。
· 使用建议:
每日精学:每天学习1个单元,结合导图+例句+练习,形成“输入-理解-输出”闭环。
考前冲刺:重点复习高频短语与真题例句,强化应试能力。
写作提优:积累句型模板,模仿例句结构,提升作文语言质量。
第一单元:字母A
1. a bit 稍微;有点儿
用 修饰动词、形容词、副词及比较级,与a little 通用,如 a bit tired/a little tired(有点累)。
例 These trousers are a bit tight.这条裤子有点儿紧。
2. a bit of 一点儿;少量的;一些
用 修饰不可数名词,可替换为 a little。
例 I think we need a bit of/a little luck today.我认为我们今天需要点儿运气。
3. a copy of ……的备份;一份(本,册)
例 Always keep a copy of everything in your own files.要时刻牢记把所有文件都备份。
a copy of local newspaper 一份当地报纸
4. a couple of 两个;几个;一对
例 In a couple of days all these apples will be ripe.再过些日子,这些苹果都会熟了。
辨 a couple of:指在一起或互有关系的两个人或物,但不一定是同样的。
a pair of:表示由相同的部分组成并一般成对出现的物品。
5. a few 几个;少数
例 Win a few, lose a few. That's life.有得必有失,这就是生活。
辨 few 和 a few 修饰可数名词, little 和 a little修饰不可数名词;
little 和 few 意思是“几乎没有”,表示否定的意义;而 a little 和a few 意思是“有少量”,表示肯定的意义。
6. a good/ great many 很多;大量
用 修饰可数名词复数;修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例A good/ great many students took the test.很多学生参加了这项测试。
7. a group of 一群;一组;一批
用 修饰可数名词复数。
例 It's good for teenagers to have one or a group of good friends.拥有一个或一群好朋友对青少年有好处。
8. a kind of 一种;一类
例 The panda is a kind of animal. It's kind of cute.熊猫是一种动物。它有点儿可爱。
辨 a kind of:修饰名词。kind of:修饰形容词或动词,意为“有点儿;稍微”。
9. a little 少量(的);一点点
用 修饰不可数名词、动词、形容词、副词或比较级。
例 I feel a little tired.我觉得有点儿累了。
10. a lot 很,非常;很多
辨 a lot:后不跟名词,可用作代词短语和副词短语;作副词短语时,相当于 very much。
a lot of:意为“大量;许多”,后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。
11. a lot of/ lots of 许多;大量
用 a lot of= lots of,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。口语中多用 lots of。
例 We have grown a lot of beautiful roses this year.今年我们栽种了许多漂亮的玫瑰。
12. a number of 许多;若干
例 A large number of people travel abroad every year.每年有大量的人到国外旅游。
辨 the number of:意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。a number of:意为“许多,若干”,后面跟可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
13. a symbol of ……的象征
例 In Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol of long life.在中国文化中,长长的面条是长寿的象征。
联 a sign of ……的征兆
14. above all 尤其是;最重要的是
用常用作状语,强调内容的重要性。
例 Above all, keep in touch.最重要的是保持联系。
联 after all 毕竟
first of all 首先
in all 总的来说
15. according to 按照;根据
用 通常是指根据别人或别处。后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
注 不可用 according to me。
例 Cut the coat according to the cloth.量布裁衣/量入为出。
联 in accordance with 依据;按照;与……一致
16. achieve one’ s dreams 实现梦想
例 It's not easy to achieve your dreams.实现梦想并不容易。
17. across from 在……对面
例 The school is just across from my home. 学校就在我家的对面。
联 opposite 在······对面
18. add... to... 增加……到……
例 We are here to add what we can to life,not to get what we can from it.我们要尽可能为生活增加一些东西,而不是从中索取什么。
联 add to 增添;加强
19. add up 把……加起来
用 代词作宾语时,要置于 add 和 up 之间。
例 Please add up all the numbers.请把所有的数字加起来。
20. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
例 Dentists advise you to have your teeth checked regularly.牙医建议大家定期检查牙齿。
联 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
21. after a while 过了一会儿;不久
例 After a while we turned off the television and went for a walk.过了一会儿,我们关掉电视出去散步了。
22. after all 终究;毕竟
用 表示结果与预想的不同,意为“终究”;用于提醒别人注意某一事实,意为“毕竟”。
例 Don't push him too hard. He's only a five-year-old boy, after all.别逼他太紧,毕竟他只是个五岁的男孩。
23. again and again 一再;屡次
例 The similar accidents happened again and again.类似的事故一再发生。
联 over and over(again)一再;反复地
24. agree on/ upon 赞同;取得一致意见
用 表示“对……取得一致意见”,指两方或多方就某个问题取得一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。常与表示价格、计划、日期或协议等的词搭配使用。
例 After discussion both sides agreed on the terms of the settlement.经过讨论,双方就协议条款达成了一致。
25. agree to 同意;赞成
用 后面跟表示提议、办法、计划、安排等的词。
例 We had little choice but to agree to what he suggested.我们别无选择,只好接受他的提议。
联 agree to do sth.同意做某事
26. agree with 同意;持相同意见
用 后接人称代词、名词、what从句及表示意见、看法的词,不用于被动语态。
例 None of us agree with what you said.我们都不同意你所说的话。
联 agree with 还有“与……一致”“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。
27. ahead of 在……前面;早于
例 A hill appeared ahead of them.一座小山出现在他们面前。
I always planned the week's meals ahead of time.我总是提前计划好一周的饭菜。
联 ahead of time 提前
28. aim at 瞄准;针对;致力于
例 Home With Kids is a TV play that's aimed at teenagers.《家有儿女》是一部针对青少年的电视剧。
29. all by oneself 单独;独立
例 I realized it was not easy to do all thehousework all by oneself.我意识到独自做这么多的家务很不容易。
… oneself:
· all by oneself 单独;独立
· by oneself 独自
· come to oneself 苏醒;恢复知觉
· enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
· learn... by oneself 自学
· say to oneself 自言自语
· teach oneself 自学
30. all day(long) 一整天
例 Rain fell from the heavens all day long.雨下了一整天。
31. all in all 总的来说
例 He has his faults, but, all in all, he is agood helper.他虽有缺点,但总的来说,他是一个好帮手。
联 in all 总共,总计
32. all one's life 终生;一生
例I hope you are happy all your life.我希望你一生幸福。
联 in one's life 在某人的一生中
33. all over 到处,处处;遍及;结束
例I looked all over for my favorite pet dog.我四处寻找我的爱犬。
34. all right 可以的;好吧;(病)好了
例 This homework is all right but you coulddo better.这份家庭作业还算可以,但是你可以做得更好。
辨 all right:表示同意或答应请求。 that's allright:意为“不用谢”,用于回答别人的道谢。
35. all the same 尽管如此;仍然
例 All the same, there is some truth in whatshe says.尽管如此,她的话还是有些道理。
36. all the time 总是;一直;向来
用 一般不表示频率,而是表示某一特定的活动从开始一直到结束的时间。
例 I keep practising and I'm improving all thetime.我不断地练习,因此一直在提高。
37. all the way 一路上;自始至终
例 She didn't speak a word to me all the wayback home.回家的一路上,她没对我说过一句话。
联 the whole way 一路上
38. all(the) year round 一年到头
例 Keeping the garden tidy all year round isnot an easy task.一年到头把花园拾掇得干净整洁不是件轻松活儿。
联 year by year 一年一年地;每年
39. along with 和……一起;连同
用 along with 连接并列的主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语在人称、数上保持一致。
例 Tom, along with his friends, goes skatingevery Saturday.汤姆和他的朋友们每周六一起去滑冰。
40. and so on 诸如此类;等等
例 Mom spends her day doing housework,reading, shopping and so on.妈妈做家务、看书、购物等度过一天。
辨 and so on:用于列举多项事例的最后。for example:表示在众多事物中仅举少数几个例子。such as:通常放在被列举的事物的前面。
41. answer the phone 接电话
例 The telephone is ringing. Can you answerthe phone?电话铃响了。你能接一下电话吗?
42. apart from 此外;除了……外
用 根据不同情况,可与 except、 besides互换。
例 Apart from Tom, she has no friends.除了汤姆外,她没有其他朋友。
43. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
例I must apologize to you for not sending theE-mail sooner.我必须为没有早些发电子邮件向您道歉。
44. argue about/ over 为……争论
例 Life is too short to argue about littlethings.生命太短暂,禁不起为小事争论不休。
45. argue with 与……争论
例 Do what you are told and don't argue withme.照我说的去做,不要争辩。
辨 argue with:后接“人”,是与某人辩论或争辩的意思。 argue about/ over:后接“事”,是议论某事的意思,一般可以互换。
46. arrive at 到达
例 The President is arriving at the hotel for athree-day visit in India. 总统将抵达这家宾馆,对印度进行为期三天的访问。
辨 arrive in:多强调抵达较大的地点,比如一个城市或国家。
arrive at:强调到达某个具体地点,通常是较小的地方,比如机场、超市等。
get:后跟地点名词时需加介词 to。arrive 和 get 后可以直接跟 here、 there 等地点副词。
reach:后可直接跟地点名词。
47. as a matter of fact 事实上;其实
用 在句中作插入语,表示强调。
例 As a matter of fact, I'm proud of mydaughter.事实上,我为我的女儿感到骄傲。
联 in fact 事实上;其实
48. as a result 结果;因此
用 为介词短语,但其作用相当于一个副词,在句中充当状语,常常用来引出某种结局或结果。
例 He always studied deep into the night. Asa result,he became ill.他总是学习到深夜,结果,他生病了。
49. as... as possible 尽可能……
用 相当于 as... as one can。两个 as之间用形容词或副词的原级。
例 You must leave here as soon as possible.你必须尽快离开这里。
50. as far as I know 就我所知
例 As far as I knew, there was no cause forconcern.就我所知,没有理由担忧。
联 as far as I am concerned 就我而言
as we all know 众所周知
51. as for/ to 至于;关于
例 As for my wish, I want to rest.至于我的愿望,我想休息。
辨 as for:不能放在句中,而 as to 可以。as to:后可接从句,而 as for无此用法。
52. as if/ though 好像;似乎
用 引导表语从句或状语从句。若引导的从句表示的情况不是事实,则用虚拟语气。
例 The child talked to us as if he weregrown-up.那个孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。
53. as long as 只要;长达;和⋯⋯一样长
例 A man is not old as long as he is seekingsomething.人只要有所追求就不算是老。
辨 as long as:用于同级比较时,既可用于肯定句中也可用于否定句中。so long as:当意为“只要”时,可以与 as long as 互换,但用于同级比较时,只能用于否定句中。
54. as soon as 一……就……
用 若主句用一般将来时,其引导的状语从句多用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
例 - What's your plan for the summer holiday?你暑假有什么计划?
- I' ll go to Chengdu as soon as the school term ends.学期一结束我就去成都。
55. as usual 像往常一样;照例
用 表示一种习惯性动作的重复,常置于句首或句末。置于句首时,后常加逗号。
例 As usual, she had bread and egg forbreakfast.她像平时一样,早餐吃了面包加鸡蛋。
56. as well 同样;也;又
例I'm feeling tired, and hungry as well.我感到又累又饿。
辨 as well:作“也”讲时,放在句末,前面不加逗号。also:放在 be 动词后,实义动词前,用于肯定句中。too:作“也”讲时,通常放在句末,用逗号与前面的句子隔开。
57. as well as 也,还;与⋯⋯一样好
用 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要随 as well as前面的主语的人称、数而变化。
例 Tom, as well as his parents, goes to the park every Sunday.汤姆和他的父母每周日都去公园。
58. ask for 要求;询问;恳求(给予)
例 Don't be afraid to ask for advice about how to learn English.不用害怕征求如何学习英语的建议。
联 ask for a job 求职
59. ask one's permission 请求某人的允许
例 You should ask your parents' permission before going out for a picnic. 在外出野餐之前你应该征求父母的同意。
60. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
用 about 是介词,表示询问的内容。
例 The interviewer asked me about my futureplans.主持面试者问了我关于未来的计划。
61. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
例 Mr King asked all the children to sit downquietly.金老师要求所有的孩子轻轻地坐下。
联 ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人不做某事
62. at a speed of 以⋯⋯的速度
例 The truck is traveling at a speed of40mph.卡车正以每小时40 英里的速度行进。
联 at high/ low speed 以高/低速
at full speed 以全速
63. at a time 每次;依次
例 Don't eat too much ice cream at a time.每次不能吃太多冰激凌。
辨 at a time:用于强调具体的某一次。
at times:意为“有时;间或”,主要表达一种常态。
64. at birth 出生时;分娩时
例 The baby weighed four kilos at birth.这个婴儿出生时体重为4千克。
联 give birth (to sb./ sth.) 生孩子;产崽
65. at breakfast/ lunch/ supper 在吃早/午/晚餐时
例 We ate up all the bread at breakfast.早餐时,我们吃光了所有的面包。
66. at home 在家里;在国内
例 He is popular at home.他在国内很受欢迎。
联 stay at home 待在家里
67. at least 至少
用 对所讲内容进行强调,在句中作状语。
例 Fortune knocks once at least at every man's gate.风水轮流转。
联 at most 至多
真题演练
1.妈妈一再告诉我要按照她的话去做。
Mother told me to do as what she said.
2. These years Yangzhou has attracted visitors from all around the country.
A. a great deal of B. the number of C. a number of D. a plenty of
3.- It's not my fault. She came out suddenly. I..
- It's not time to discuss that. , we should send her to hospital.
A. Above all B. In all C. At all D. Of all
4.-I think robots are very helpful.
-I you. They make our life easier.
A. wait for B. agree with C. worry about
5.We need some more coffee. There is only left.
A. too many B. too much C. a little D. a few
6. Nowadays, people like HUAWEI phones better, and about of them are adults.
A. the number of; four fifths B. a number of; four fifths C. a number of; four fifth
7.- This is so difficult that I want to give up.
- Take it easy. , it takes time to learn something new.
A. In that case B. For example C. By the way D. After all
8.- What do you think of your middle school life?
- Busy but wonderful. , it's valuable.
A. In the end B. All in all C. As a result D. First of all
9. If you are famous, people will watch you and follow you everywhere.
A. all the time B. by the time C. on time D. at times
10. Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
11.How can I speak English (与......一样好) you,Rose?
12.乡村音乐听起来和摇滚音乐一样让人激动吗?
Does country music sound rock music?
13.一年四季都可以吃到四川泡菜。
Sichuan-style pickled vegetables can be eaten .
14.简不再相信汤姆了。
Jane doesn't trust Tom .
15. Jack does his homework Mary. So they both always get good grades in the exams.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
16. we continue to pull together, we' ll keep winning the game.
A. As long as B. Even though C. As soon as
17.We were lucky yesterday. The bus left we got on it.
A. before B. although C. until D. as soon as
18. , the Yellow River is the second longest river in China and it's the birthplace of Chinese culture.
A. As a result B. As we know C. It is said D. Like we know
19. I know, many of my students have to go to different kinds of training classes during the holiday.
A. As well as B. As long as C. As far as D. As soon as
20. A“Workaholic” works too much and usually forgets to have meals and go to bed. , he doesn't have good health.
A. As a matter of fact B. As a whole C. As a result D. As a rule
21. They arrived Beijing a Sunday morning.
A. at; in B. in; on C. at; on D. in; at
答案解析
1. again and again
【解析】:根据语意,可知填空对应“一再”,要填again and again。
2. C
【解析】:根据句意,“这些年扬州已经吸引了很多来自世界各地的游客。”A选项翻为“许多”,后跟不可数名词;B选项翻为“......的数量”,C选项翻为“许多”,后跟可数名词;D选项结构不对,正确形式为plenty of,故选C。
3. A
【解析】:根据句意,“这不是我的错。她突然跑出来的,我...”“现在不是讨论这个的时候。现在最重要的是,我们应该送她去医院。”这里,A选项翻为“首要的是”,B选项翻为“总共、总计”,C选项翻为“根本”,D选项翻为“在所有的...中”,故选A。
4.B
【解析】:根据句意,“我认为机器人很有用。”“我同意你的观点,他们让我们的生活更轻松。”A选项翻为“等待...”,B选项翻为“同意...的观点”,C选项翻为“担忧”,故选B。
5.C
【解析】:根据句意,“我们需要一些咖啡,这里只剩一些了。”A选项翻为“太多”,后跟可数名词复数;B选项翻为“太多”,后跟不可数名词;C选项翻为“一点儿、一些”,后跟不可数名词;D选项翻为“一点儿、一些”,后跟可数名词复数。这里咖啡是不可数名词,结合语意“only”只有,对应C。
6.B
【解析】:根据句意,“现如今,许多人更喜欢华为手机,其中大约五分之四是成年人。”the number of 意为“...的数量”,“a number of”意为“许多、大量”,分数表达法是分子基数词、分数序数词、分子打语音、分母加s,这里五分之四要用four fifths,故选B。
7. D
【解析】:根据句意,“这简直难到我想放弃。”“放轻松。毕竟学习新东西是需要时间的。”A选项翻为“既然那样”,B选项翻为“例如”,C选项翻为“顺便说一下”,D选项翻为“毕竟”,故选D。
8.B
【解析】:根据句意,“你觉得你的初中生活怎么样?”“忙碌但精彩。总之,是很珍贵的三年。”A选项翻为“在最后”,B选项翻为“总之”,C选项翻为“因此”,D选项翻为“首先”,故选B。
9.A
【解析】:根据句意,“如果你出名了,人们会一直关注你并且到处跟随你。”A选项翻为“一直、时刻”,B选项翻为“在...之前”,C选项翻为“准时”,D选项翻为“有时”,故选A。
10.A
【解析】:根据句意,“珍妮因为购物太多差点误了航班。”A选项翻为“由于,因为”,B选项翻为“在..之上,除...之外”,C选项翻为“在...前面”,D选项翻为“需要”,故选A。
11. as well as
【解析】:根据提示中文,和...一样用as...as,结合动词speak,填as well as。
12. as exciting as
【解析】:根据语意,填空对应中文“和...一样让人激动”,让人激动是exciting,填as exciting as。
13. all year round
【解析】:根据语意,填空对应中文“一年四季”,故填all year round。
14. any more
【解析】:根据语意,“不再”对应短语为not...any more,前文doesn't已有not,故填any more。
15. B
【解析】:根据语意,“杰克做作业和玛丽一样认真。所以他们俩考试总是取得好成绩。”A.选项结构不对,只有否定结构not so...as,B.选项翻为“和...一样认真地”,C选项翻为“认真地像”D.选项翻为“和...一样认真”。此处修饰动词does,要用副词carefully,故选B。
16. A
【解析】:根据语意,“只要我们继续齐心协力,我们就会不断赢得比赛。”A选项翻为“只要”,B选项“即使”,C选项翻为“一...就...”,故选A。
17. D
【解析】:根据语意,“我们昨天很幸运。我们一上公交车,车就开了。”A选项翻为“在...之前”,B选项翻为“虽然”,C选项翻为“直到...为止”,D选项翻为“一...就...”,故选D。
18. B
【解析】:根据语意,“众所周知,黄河是中国第二长河,也是中国文化的发祥地。”A选项翻为“因此”,B选项翻为“众所周知”,C选项翻为“据说”,D选项翻为“像我们知道的那样”,故选B。
19. C
【解析】:根据语意,“据我所知,我的许多学生在假期里不得不参加各种各样的培训班。”A选项翻为“也;和...一样”,B选项翻为“只要”,C选项翻为“据...;远至”,D选项翻为“一...就...”,故选C。
20. C
【解析】:根据语意,“工作狂”工作过度,通常忘记吃饭和睡觉。结果,他身体不好。A选项翻为“事实上”,B选项翻为“总的来说”,C选项翻为“因此”,D选项翻为“通常;一般说来”,故选C。
21. B
【解析】:根据语意,“他们在一个周日的上午到达了北京。”arrive in表示抵达(国家、城市等大地点),时间介词on后跟具体某一天的早午晚,故选B。
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