Unit 5 Nature's Temper同步知识与语法梳理2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦八年级下Unit 5“Nature’s Temper”主题，系统梳理自然灾害相关词汇（如earthquake, typhoon等词形变化及固定搭配）、核心短语（如all of a sudden, take place）、重点句型（如It’s dangerous to travel...），并以过去进行时为语法核心，通过“词汇-短语-句型-语法-写作”递进式结构搭建学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，词汇部分通过“词根词缀+语境应用”强化语言理解与表达，语法专题用“场景化例句+when/while对比辨析”提升逻辑分析能力。课中“考点抢测”“对点导练”助力教师互动教学，课后“达标检测”“书面表达实例”帮助学生查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力，符合新课标对语言运用与思维发展的要求。

八年级下单元同步教学内容 T(U5 Nature’s Temper) C(过去进行时) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( T同步 —— 八年级下Unit 5 Nature ’ s Temper ) ( 同步知识梳理 )（大脑放电影~） 八下Unit 5基础知识梳理 类别 课标考点要求 词 汇 攻 关 1.___________ n.脾气，怒气→tempered adj.脾气……的，性情……的；有气质的；温和的→___________ one’s temper 发脾气 2. ______________ n.地震→______ earthquake 一场地震 3. ___________ n.台风 4. ___________ n.野火 5. ___________ n.暴风雪 6. ___________ n.水灾，洪水 v.泛滥，淹没→flooded adj.被水淹没的 7. ___________ n.旱灾；干旱→___________ adj.干燥的 v.变干 8. ____________ v.警告，提醒注意→warning n.警告→warn sb. _________/___________ sth. 提醒某人某事→warn sb. not __________ sth.警告某人不要做某事 9. ____________ n.波浪，波，挥手 v.挥手，挥舞→wave ________/______ sb. 向某人挥手 10. ___________ n.海啸 11. ___________ n.&v.采访，面试→___________ n.面试官，采访者→___________ n.参加面试者，接受采访者 12. ______________ n.街区，临近的地方→(拓展)___________ n.邻居 13. ___________ n.屋顶，顶部→pl. _________ 14. ___________ adv.几乎，差不多，将近=____________ 15. ____________ n.&v.报告，汇报→_____________ n.记者→give _____ report 作报告→ It is _____________ that... 据报道... 16. ____________ n.苦恼，困难 v.使忧虑，苦恼，劳驾，麻烦→be ______ trouble 处于麻烦中→get _______ trouble 陷入麻烦→have trouble _____________ sth. 做某事有麻烦 17.____________ n.亲戚，亲属 18. ____________ n.卡车 19. ___________ n.供应(量)；补给品 v.供应，供给→pl.___________→supply sth._____ sb.=supply sb. ________ sth. 向某人供应某物 20. _______________ n.准备(工作)；预备→_____________ v.准备→make ______ preparation 做准备→prepare ________ sth. 为...做准备=be ready ________ sth.→prepare __________ sth. =be ready __________ sth. 准备做某事 21. ____________ n.电力供应；能量；力量，权力→_____________ adj.强有力的，有权势的，有影响力的→___________ adj.无权的，无能的 22. ____________ adv.(睡觉)酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地→___________ v.听起来 n.声音 adj.酣睡的，可靠的，无损伤的，健康的 23. ___________ adj.厚的，浓密的→___________ adj.更厚的→___________ adj.最厚的→(反)___________ adj.瘦的，薄的→___________ adj.更瘦的→___________ adj.最瘦的 24. __________ v.敲打，战胜，打败 n.敲击，跳动→过去式_________→过去分词____________ 25. __________ v.躲藏，隐蔽→过去式_________→过去分词_____________ 26. ___________ n.龙卷风，旋风 27. ___________ adj.&adv.最坏的，最糟的→__________ adj.坏的→___________ adv.坏地→____________ adj.&adv.较坏的 28. ___________ n.(学校的)女生 29. ___________ n.泡，泡沫 30. _____________ adv.不幸地，可惜地→___________ adv.幸运地→___________ adj.幸运的→fortune n.运气 31. ____________ v.拒绝，退却→refuse ____________ sth.拒绝做某事 32. ___________ n.安全；保安；保障→secure adj.安全的 33. ____________ n.卫兵，保卫 v.保卫→___________ ___________ 保安人员 34. _____________ adj.附近的 adv.在附近 35. ___________ v.尖叫 36. _____________ adv.幸亏，感激地→_______________ adj.感激的→thank v./n.感谢→thank you (sb.) ___________ sth. 因某事感谢某人→thanks _________ 幸亏，由于 37. _____________ n.知识(________数名词)→know v.知道 38. ___________ n.思考，想法→think v.思考→过去式/过去分词____________ 39. ____________ n.英雄，男主角，偶像→pl. _____________ 40. ___________ n.滑坡；塌方 41. ___________ v.保护，捍卫 42. ___________ n.洪水 43. ___________ n.劳动力，人力 44. ___________ n.心跳(声) 45. ___________ v.&n.救援，营救→___________ n.救援者 46. ___________ n.热浪 47. _______________ adj.西南的，西南方向的→___________ n.西南 48. ___________ n.消防队员=___________ 49. _____________ n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做，义务做→voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer ___________ sth. 志愿做某事 50. _____________ adv.非常糟地，非常→_____________ adj.糟糕的，可怕的 51. ____________ n.警报(器)；惊恐→alarmed adj.感到惊恐的→alarming adj.令人惊恐的→alarm ___________ 闹钟 52. ___________ v.复习，回顾，复查 n.回顾，审查，评论 53. ____________ adj.突然的，骤然的→____________ adv.突然地→all of _____ sudden 突然，猛地 54. _____________ n.雷，雷声 v.打雷，发出雷鸣般响声 55. ___________ adj.通常的，寻常的→____________ adv.通常→____________ adj.不同寻常的 56.___________ n.暴风雨 57. ____________ adj.不幸的，不顺利的，不吉利的→____________ adv.不幸地→luck n.运气→___________ adj.幸运的→_____________ adv.幸运地 短 语 归 纳 1. do ___________ 做家务=do ___________ 2. slow __________ (使)慢下来，(使)减速 3. come _________ (从某物上)脱落，掉落 4. make ______ ___________ 做准备 5. ___________ ___________ 保安人员 6. as _________ as 一....就..... 7. ___________ clock 闹钟 8. go _________ (警报器等)发出响声 9. all of ______ sudden 突然，猛地 10. _______ the time 到......的时候 11. out _______ breath 上气不接下气 12. _______ a result 因此 13. ___________ disasters 自然灾难 14. nature’s ___________ 大自然的脾气 15. have ___________ 吃晚饭 16. do one’s ___________ 做作业 17. ___________ sb’s mother 打给母亲 18. __________ lunch 准备午饭 19. stay _______ a hotel 待在旅馆里 20. take a ___________ 乘火车 21. hear __________/________ 听说 22. warn sb. ________/______ sth. 警告某人某事 23. ________ time 及时 24. _________ the time of ... 在...的时候 25. thanks _______ ________ sth. 感谢做某事 26. strong ___________ 强风 27. ___________ rain 大雨 28. ___________ a typhoon 在台风期间 29. tall ___________ 高高的浪 30. get ___________ 被淹没 31. _______ the eye of a typhoon 在台风眼 32. cause sth./sb. ___________ sth. 造成某物/某人做某事 33. take _________ 发生 34. _______ the street 在街上 35. _______ sb’s home 在某人的家里 36. _______ home 在家 37. help _________ sth. 帮忙做某事=help _________ sth. 38. clean _______ 打扫干净 39. be worried ________ sb./sth. 担心某人/某物 40. advise sb. __________ sth. 建议某人做某事 41. be ___________ 小心 42. pay attention ______ 关注，注意 43. stay ___________ 待在室内 44. have trouble (in) __________ sth. 做某事有麻烦 45. prepare _______ sth. 为某物做准备 46. rain ___________ 下大雨 47. drive ___________ 开车返回 48. get ___________ an accident 遭遇一场事故 49. ___________ home 到家 50. move things ___________ the floor 把东西从地板上移开 51. ___________ time 下一次 52. ___________ emergency ___________ 储备应急物资 53. travel ___________ the train 在火车上旅行 54. ___________ on the coast 在海岸登陆 55. go ________ 熄灭，外出 56. ___________ the supplies 打包物资 57. sleep ___________ 睡得很甜 58. rain _______ and ________ 倾盆大雨 59. look _______ 向上看，查阅 60. beat ___________ the roof 撞击屋顶 61. sweep through ___________ 62. a weather ___________ 天气预报 63. _______ once 立刻，马上 64. start _______/________ sth. 开始做某事 65. ___________ last 最后 66. step ___________ 走出去 67. find sb./sth. ___________ 发现某人/某物正在... 68. one __________ 彼此，互相 69. _________ many __________ 拯救很多生命 70. ___________ 26 December 2004 在2004年的12月26日 71. be ___________ holiday 在度假 72. swim ___________ the sea 在海里游泳 73. relax ___________ the beach 在沙滩上放松 74. walk ___________ the beach 沿着沙滩散步 75. instead ______ 代替 76. something ___________ 一些重要的事 77. want ___________ sth. 想要做某事 78. refuse __________ sth. 拒绝做某事 79. take a single step ___________ 再向前迈出一步 80. decide __________ sth. 决定做某事 81. walk ___________ 独自走 82. the __________ of the family 剩余的家人 83. return ___________ the hotel 返回旅馆 84. tell sb. ___________ sth. 告诉某人关于某事 85. know ___________ sth. 了解某事 86. jump ___________ action 立即行动 87. right ___________ 立刻，马上 88. rush ___________ sth. 急忙做某事 89. ______ fast as sb. _______/_______ 尽可能快 90. make _______ to safety 安全到达 91. between...________... 在...和...之间(两者) 92. thanks _______ 幸亏，由于 93. be able _________ sth.能够做某事 94. remember __________ sth. 记得做过某事 95. learn ___________ sth. 了解某事 96. need ___________ sth. 需要做某事 97. listen ________ 听..... 98. avoid ___________ sth. 避免做某事 99. keep ___________ 保持安全 100. put ___________ the fires 灭火 101. more _________ 多于，超过 102. stay away ___________ 远离..... 103. because _______ 因为 104. give ______ 放弃 105. ______ the end of... 在...之前 106. manage ___________ sth. 设法做到，成功做到某事 107. wake ___________ 醒来 108. have ___________ 必须，不得不 109. have ___________ test 有个测试 110. wait _________ sb./sth. 等某人/某物 111. too..._______... 太...而不能.... 112. worry __________ sth. 担心某事 113. after all ___________ 114. go ___________ 故障 115. get darker ___________ darker 变得越来越黑 116. look _______ clouds 看云 117. ___________ TV 看电视 118. _______ the other hand 另一方面 119. be glued___________ 盯着.... 120. be ready __________ sth. 准备做某事 121. call ________ help 寻求帮助 122. see sb. ____________ sth. 看见某人正在做某事 重 点 句 型 1. Typhoons __________ tsunamis _______________ in some places. 台风在某些地方(会)引发海啸。 2. ____________________________ from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started. 我们从亲戚家开车回家时，突然刮起了大风。 3. ______________________________ during a typhoon. 在台风期间旅行很危险。 4. It was raining hard while ____________________________. 我们开车回去时，雨下得很大。 5. The tornado was scary, but ______________________________________ together. 龙卷风很可怕，但它也让每个人更紧密地团结在一起。 6. But _________________________________________________________, she noticed something strange. 但是，当蒂莉和家人沿着海滩散步时，她注意到了一些奇怪的事。 7. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in _____________________________. 接着，她看到海浪不是往外，而是往里涌。 8. He ______________________ right away and ____________________________________. 他立即行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 9. ___________________________________________________________ when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 当人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海里涌上来时，他们尖叫着，尽可能快地跑。 10. __________________ her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl _______________________________. 由于她的知识和敏捷的思维，一个女学生能够挽救100多条生命。 八下 Unit 5重要知识解析 考点1：Nature's Temper自然的脾气 【名师解析】temper n.脾气；怒气 ☆__________ one's temper with sb 对某人发脾气 have a hot temper 脾气_________ keep one's temper_________脾气 a bad temper 脾气_________ a short temper _________性子 in a temper 发脾气 fly into a temper勃然大怒 Eg. He must learn to control his temper.他得学会控制脾气。 Don't lose your temper with others.不要对别人发脾气。 【考点抢测】1. The little boy has a bad _____________(脾气). 2.Don’t lose your temper ____________ others easily. You should learn to control it. 3. When Tom arrived, she was still in a ____________(怒气). 考点2：How do natural disasters affect our lives? 自然灾害如何影响我们的生活? 【名师解析】affect v.影响，打动→effect n.影响;效果 【用法剖析】☆动词用法：affect sb/sth影响/打动某人/某物 be affected _________ sth/sb 受......影响/被......打动 △名词用法：have an effect ________ sb/sth对某人/某物有影响 a side effect 副作用 greenhouse effect __________效应 come into effect 生效，开始实施 in effect 实际上，事实上 【练一练】 1. Many plants are affected __________ the cold winter. 2. Age also ____________(影响) our memory abilities. 3. The noise has an effect __________ my study. 考点3：Match the natural disasters with the pictures. 【认一认】 __________ earthquake __________ typhoon __________ wildfire __________ snowstorm __________ flood __________ drought 【拓展延伸】其他的自然灾难： heat wave __________ tsunami __________ tornado __________ landslide __________ hail __________ haze __________ volcanic eruption __________ thunder and lightning__________ sandstorm __________ 考点4：Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner. 欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。 【名师解析】warn v.警告；提醒注意→warning n.警告 【固定搭配】warn sb. __________/__________ sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) __________ sth. 警告某人(不)要做某事 warn sb. against doing sth. 告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb.)+that从句 警告某人.... eg：My teacher warned us about the difficult exam. 老师提醒我们考试很难。 Mum warned me not to swim in the river. 妈妈警告我不要去河里游泳。 【练一练】1.My friend warned me _________ the dangerous road. 2.Mum warned Tom not ___________(play) with knives. 考点5：I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. 我正在做作业，这时大楼突然摇晃起来。 【名师解析】sudden adj.突然的，意外的 n.突然发生的事→__________ adv.突然地 ☆all of ______ sudden是一个固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”。 E.g. All of a sudden, the lights went out, and the room became completely dark. 突然间，灯灭了，房间里一片漆黑。 【练一练】 1. When I received the apology message from my best friend, all of ______ sudden, all the unhappiness disappeared. 2. While we were having dinner, it started to rain ______________(sudden). 3. _____________(突然), the power was cut off. 【语境填词】根据所给汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。 1) 我突然记起我没有锁门。 I _________ _________ that I hadn’t locked the door. 2) 不要做任何突然的动作。 Don’t make _________ _________ movements. 3) 突然有人踩了我的脚。 _________ _________ _________ _________, someone stepped on my foot. 考点6：I was doing chores while my mother was preparing lunch. 我在做家务，而我妈妈在准备午餐。 【名师解析】prepare v.准备→________________ n.准备→prepared adj.有准备的 ☆动词用法：prepare sth准备某物 prepare...________...为……准备…… prepare sth _______ sb为某人准备某物 prepare __________ sth准备去做某事 △名词用法：make preparations (_______...)为……作准备 make preparations ___________ sth准备做某事 Eg. The students are making preparations for the final exam.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。 Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year. 妈妈正在准备传统晚宴,我们在为新年做准备。 【对点导练】1. My mother is busy _____________(准备) dinner for us, so I prepare ____________(help) her. 2. He is preparing a birthday cake ___________ his sister. 3. The students are making _____________(准备) for the New Year party. 4. While I was doing ___________(chore), my mother was preparing cookie _________ the party. 5. She makes full preparations ____________(give) a speech in public. 考点7：Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded. 有时会出现巨浪，沿海地区会被淹没。 【名师解析1】wave n.波浪 v.挥手；挥舞 ☆动词用法：wave _______/_______ sb. 向某人挥手 wave goodbye _______ sb.=wave sb. goodbye 向某人挥手告别 e.g. Look! The boy in the taxi is waving at / to us.看！出租车里的那个男孩正在向我们挥手。 She waved goodbye to her parents. = She waved her parents goodbye.她向父母挥手告别。 △名词用法：a wave of... 一阵...... 【名师解析2】flood n.水灾，洪水 v.泛滥，淹没 (1)表示 “洪水” 时,是可数名词,常构成 “have a flood” “cause floods”等短语。 (2)动词：核心含义 “淹没；泛滥”。 ▶ 及物动词：“淹没(某地 / 某物)”表示水或其他液体 “淹没” 某个地方，主语可以是水、雨等。 ▶ 不及物动词：“泛滥；涌入”表示水 “泛滥”，或人 / 事物 “大量涌入” (如人群、想法等)。 固定搭配：be flooded“被淹没” get flooded“变得被淹没”，更强调结果，常用来描述 “某地被洪水淹没” 【对点导练】 1. The girl in the car is ____________(挥手) at her friends. 2. He waved goodbye ___________ his family before ____________(get) on the plane. 3. It is such a big ___________(海浪) that the ship is shaking seriously. 4. Many houses were ____________(flood) because of the terrible natural disaster. 5. It was raining ___________(heavy) so that the hard rain caused a ___________(洪水) in the small town. 考点8：Typhoons cause tsunami to happen in some places. 台风会造成一些地方发生海啸。 【名师解析】cause v.造成，引起 n.起因 【常用结构】cause sb./sth. _____________ sth. 导致某人/某事做某事 【对点导练】1. The heavy rain ___________(造成) the river to rise last night. 2. Stress can cause people ____________(get) sick easily. 3. Do you know the ____________(起因) of the traffic accident? 考点9：Where did the interviews probably take place?采访可能是在哪里举行的？ 【名师解析1】“probably” 是副词,核心含义是 “很可能”,用来表示比较确定的推测(可能性比 “possibly 可能” 强,比 “maybe 也许” 更正式一点)。放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。修饰动词、形容词或句子,说明 “动作或情况发生的可能性”。 Eg. It will probably rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. 今天下午可能会下雨，带把伞吧。 【辨析】possibly, maybe, perhaps&probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 【名师解析2】take place意为 “发生；举行”,多指 “有计划、有安排的活动”(如会议、比赛、采访等),是不及物动词短语(后面不接宾语，也没有被动语态)。 Eg. The sports meeting took place in our school last month.上个月我们学习举行了运动会。 【辨析】take place&happen happen ＂发生，碰巧＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 What happened (to sb.)?某人怎么了? sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 【牛刀小试】 一、选词填空 probably possibly maybe perhaps  1. _____________ you are right, but I still don’t believe it. 2. It will _____________ be sunny tomorrow, so we can go hiking. 3. I can’t _____________ finish the work in such a short time. 4. _____________ I should call him to confirm the time. 二、根据句意填写正确的单词。 1. The sports meeting will take __________next Friday. 2. The traffic accident _____________(发生) by accident yesterday. 3. You looked unhappy. What happened __________ you? 4. Something strange is ____________(happen) now. 考点10：The reporter advised people to be careful, pay attention to the weather reports, and stay inside. 记者建议人们要小心，注意天气预报，并待在室内 【名师解析1】advise作动词，意为“建议；劝告”→_____________ n.建议(__________名词)。 常用结构如下： ☆动词用法：①advise sb ________ sth建议某人做某事→advise sb. (not) _____ sth.建议某人不要做某事 ②advise ________ sth建议做某事 ③advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人(应该)做某事 △名词用法：①a _________ of advice一条建议 ②take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ③ask sb. _______ advice向某人征求建议 【辨析】advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。 Eg. four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 【名师解析2】pay attention to 短语，意为“关注，注意”，其中to是介词，后面要接名词/代词/动词_______形式。 Eg. You should pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 你上课要注意听老师讲课。 【名师解析3】report v./n.报道，报告→____________ n.记者 ☆give _____ report 作报告 It is _____________ that... 据报道.... 【对点导练】 1. My teacher advises me ___________(learn) English by __________(practice) more. 2. Here’s my ____________(建议). 3. Thank you for giving him some useful ____________(建议). 4. There __________(be) so much good advice for you. 5. He advises ____________(buy) the tickets in advance if you want to travel in August. 6. The ___________(记者) is writing a news ____________(报道) about the typhoon. 7. It is ___________(report) that the typhoon is coming, so we need to pay attention ________ our safety first. 8. You should pay attention to ____________(watch) audience’s(观众的) behaviors when you are giving ______ report. 考点11：Did you have any trouble during the typhoon?台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗? 【名师解析1】trouble n.麻烦；困难；困境 【固定搭配】have trouble _________ sth. ……有问题；在某方面有问题 have trouble (in)____________ sth. 在做某事方面有困难 be _______ trouble 处于困境 get ________ trouble 陷入困境 be / get out _______ trouble 脱离困境 e.g. I’m having trouble with my computer.我的电脑出了问题。 Did you have much trouble finding our school? 找到我们学校费了不少劲吧？ I always ask Mike for help when I’m in trouble. 当我有麻烦时，总是找Mike帮忙。 My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents. 以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。 Thank you for helping me get out of trouble. 谢谢你帮我脱离困境。 【拓展】trouble v.麻烦；劳驾；使忧虑，苦恼 e.g. I don’t want to trouble my friends. 我不想麻烦我的朋友们。 What’s troubling you, dear? You look so worried. 出什么事儿了，亲爱的？你一脸忧虑。 I don’t want to trouble the doctor with it. 我不想拿这件事去麻烦医生。 Could I trouble you to close the window, please? 能否劳驾您关一下窗户？ 【注意】have trouble doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 【典型练习】 1. If we’re late, we’ll be _________ great trouble. 2. Do you have trouble ___________(learn) English? 3. I’m sorry to ___________(麻烦) you, but I want __________(use) your dictionary. 4. If you have trouble ___________ your study, you can ask your teacher _________ help. 5. I have trouble _____________(solve) the difficult problem, so can you help me __________ it? 考点12：It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon.台风天出行很危险。 【名师解析】重点句型：_______ is dangerous (_______ sb.) _________ sth. (对某人来说)做某事很危险 e.g. It’s dangerous for you to play soccer here.你在这踢足球很危险。 【拓展】It’s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth. It is + adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 如果形容词描述的是sb.的性格或品质，则用介词of；如果形容词描述的是to do sth.的性质，则用介词for。 e.g. It is not good for your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛不好。 It is silly of him not to forgive others for their mistakes.他真傻，不原谅别人的过错。 【语境应用】 1. It’s hard for me ___________(drive) the car. 2. It is ____________(careful) of the girl to leave her bag in the taxi. 3. ________ is important _________ us to learn English well. 4. ________ is kind ___________ you to help me solve the hard math problem. 考点13: We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us.我们差点出事，一辆卡车险些撞到我们。 【名师解析】almost和nearly都作副词，意为“几乎；差不多”。一般情况下，二者可以互换使用，但almost所表示的接近程度大于nearly。此外，almost后面可以与no, nobody, none, nothing, never等表示否定意义的词连用，但不能与not连用；而nearly没有这种用法，nearly前可用very、pretty、形容词、副词等修饰。 e.g. In Kunming the temperature is almost / nearly the same all year round.昆明一年四季的温度都差不多。 Almost no one believed her. She felt very sad.几乎没有人相信她，她很伤心。 【语境应用】选用almost或nearly填空。 1) Judy spoke so quietly that ________ nobody heard. 2) ________ all the students have bikes in our class. 3) Jerry had a stomach ache, so he ate ________ nothing this morning. 考点14: When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。 【名师解析1】☆look up 抬头看；查阅 Eg. When you meet new words, you can look them up in the dictionary. 当你遇到生词时，可以在词典里查阅它们。 【拓展】与“看look”有关的短语搭配： △Look: 看人/物look ______; 寻找look ______; 照顾look ________=take care _____; 查阅，抬头看look _____; 浏览look _________; 向四周看，环顾look __________; 期待look _________ ____; 看一看have ____ look ______; 小心look ________; 看起来像look _______; 轻视look _________; 检查look _______ 【名师解析2】①beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，主语是人，宾语可以是人或物；意为“拍打”时，主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为_______,过去分词为___________。 Eg. Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 ②beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"，后常接人或由人组成的队伍。 Eg. He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【辨析】beat&win 单词 用法 beat 意为“打败，战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (_________) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 【名师解析3】roof n.屋顶，房顶→pl. ____________ 【对点导练】 1. When Jenny looked __________, thick black clouds were forming in the sky. 2. The rain was ___________(beat) against the ___________(屋顶) heavily last night. 3. He ____________(战胜) me in the chess game yesterday. 4. Look at these _____________(屋顶). They are dangerous. 5. My grandma is ill, so I have to look ___________ her at home. 6. I lost my key. Can you help me look __________ it? 7. He is strongly against ____________(play) games, because it is not good. 8. If you enter the room, please have a look __________ it carefully. 考点15: Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸爸给了她一些巧克力，告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。 【名师解析】hide v.躲藏，隐蔽→过去式：________→过去分词_________ ☆hide _________ sb躲避某人 hide sb/sth from sb背着某人藏 …… hide oneself把自己藏起来 【对点导练】 1. Just now, she quickly ___________(躲藏) the letters __________ her parents. 2. When he heard us coming, he hid _______________(he) behind a bush. 3. I have never tried to _____________(隐藏) the truth about my past 考点16: However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 然而，蒂莉拒绝再往前走一步。 【名师解析】refuse v.拒绝→(反)accept v.接受 ☆refuse __________ sh. 拒绝做某事 【对点导练】 1. I refuse ___________(believe) him, because he always tells lies. 2. Yesterday he ___________(拒绝) my advice, which made me sad. 3. Because of fear, the boy refuses ____________(go) further. 考点17: Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她的母亲决定独自继续散步，而家里的其他人都回到了酒店。 【名师解析1】decide v.决定→__________ n.决定 ☆动词用法：decide ___________ sth. 决定做某事 decide ________ sth. 选定某物 △名词用法：make a decision __________ sth. 做一个决定做某事=make up one’s mind to do sth. 【名师解析2】continue v.继续→①continue __________ sth. 继续做同一件事 ②continue __________ sth. 继续做另一件事 【名师解析3】the rest of …… 的剩余部分，后接名词 / 代词，谓语动词单复数由名词决定 Eg. The rest of the water is dirty. 其余的水是脏的。 The rest of the students are reading. 其余的学生在读书。 【对点导练】 1. She decided ____________(finish) her homework before ____________(watch) TV. 2. After a short break, they continued _____________(discuss) the same problem. 3. The rest of the bread ___________(be) gone bad. 4. The rest of the children ___________(be) playing games in the park now. 5. He made a decision _____________(go) abroad for further study. 6. My father made a ____________(decide) to move to the countryside. 7. She decided ____________(not tell) him the truth at that time. The ___________(剩余部分) of the work is very difficult for us. 考点18: He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 【名师解析1】jump _________ action 立即行动(固定搭配) 【名师解析2】right __________ 立刻，马上=_______ once=right _________=immediately 【名师解析3】rush v./n.冲，奔，匆促，急促→①rush __________ sth. 匆忙做某事 ②______ a rush 仓促地，急促地 ③rush hour ___________ 【对点导练】 1. When the fire broke out, the firefighters jumped _________ action right __________. 2. We need to leave ________ once, or we’ll miss the train. 3. She rushed ___________(go) to the hospital when she heard her mother was ill. 4. Why are you in ________ rush now? 5. The students ___________(冲) to go out of the classroom to eat lunch. 6. The workers jumped into action _____________(immediate) when the alarm rang. 考点19: People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。 【名师解析1】as fast as they could 尽他们所能快，考查了as+副词原级+as sb. can/could 意为“尽可能地....”，用来修饰动词，表达动作的程度极限=as+副词原级+as possible 【名师解析2】see v.看见，看到→过去式：________→过去分词：__________ ☆see sb./sth. __________ sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事(强调动作正在进行中) 【拓展】see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调看见整个过程) 【对点导练】 1. They ran as fast as they _________(can) to keep away from the danger.=They ran as fast as ___________ to keep away from the danger. 2. When they saw the tsunami ___________(come), they were running as fast _______ they could. 3. At night, you will see many old people ____________(dance) on the square. 考点20: Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 由于她的知识和敏捷的思维，一个女学生能够挽救100多条生命。 【名师解析】thanks to：表“多亏/幸亏……”，侧重“借助某人/某物，才达成某结果”。 Eg. Thanks to your help, we won the game. 多亏了你的帮助，我们赢得了比赛。 【拓展】•thanks for：表“因……而感谢”，侧重“感谢的具体原因”=thank you for Eg. Thanks for helping me with my project. 感谢你帮助我做项目。 【对点导练】 1. Thanks _________ the driver, she was able ____________(save) the child’s life. 2. I would thank the dog __________ saving my child’s life. 考点21: Tilly’s family went back to the hotel except her mother. 除了她妈妈，蒂莉的家人都回到了旅馆。 【辨析】except, except for, besides&but 单词(短语) 意思 用法 except 除...之外（同类排除） 表示从同一类人/物中减去，后面的内容不包含在内；前后是同类事物。 except for 除……之外（细节修正） 整体评价中，修正细节瑕疵；前后事物通常不是同类。 besides 除……之外（还……） 指在政体中加入其后的人或物，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 but 除……之外 和except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯上用于no,nothing,anything等词之后 【对点导练】 1. All the students are here ____________(除了) Li Ming. He is ill at home. 2. ___________(除了...还) English, he also speaks French and German. 3. The article is well written except _________ a few spelling mistakes. 4. I have nothing to do ___________(除了) read. 考点22 Over 5,000 firefighters, police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。 【名师解析】volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”→be a volunteer for sth. 成为...的志愿者 作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”→voluntary adj.自愿的 ①volunteer _______...自愿充当…… ②volunteer ___________ sth自愿做某事 Eg. She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 【名师解析2】 【对点导练】 1. Many _____________(志愿者) came to help clean the park last weekend. 2. He volunteered ____________(teach) the kids English in the village last year. 3. Some children volunteer ____________ guides in the museum to help someone in need. 考点23: By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们终于扑灭了所有的大火。 【名师解析1】by the end of+时间，意为“到..为止”，后接过去时间(如August, last year)，句子常用一般过去时或过去完成时。后接将来时间(如next month, 2025)，句子用将来完成时。 Eg. By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words. 到上学期末，我们已经学了2000个单词。 【名师解析2】manage v.管理，设法做到→_____________ n.经理，管理者 ☆manage ____________ sth. 设法成功做成某事(强调成功完成) Eg. He managed to pass driving test after three tries. 经过三次努力，他终于通过了驾驶考试。 【名师解析3】put out 扑灭(火，火灾) 【拓展】与put有关的短语： put on ______________ put off _____________ put up ______________ put down ______________ put away ______________ put forward 提出(建议，计划) put back ____________ put aside 把...放在一边 put together 组合，组装 put through 接通淡化，通过，完成 put up with 忍受 对点导练】 1. By the end of last year, we _____________(watch) three English movies. 2. He managed _____________(finish) the work on time, though it was difficult. 3. The firemen tried their best to put _________ the big fire. 4. Because of the heavy rain, the school has to put _________ the sports meeting. 5. It’s so cold outside. Put ________ the coat. 考点24: First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先,我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒得很晚,不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。 【名师解析1】go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响，还有“离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质”之意。 【拓展】与go有关的短语： go on ___________ go out ______________ go over _______________ go through 经历，浏览，穿过 go up ______________ go down ______________ go away ______________ go back ______________ go by ______________ go for a walk ______________ go shopping/swimming ___________ go wrong ______________ 【名师解析2】wake up 醒来，叫醒(可作不及物短语sb. wake up自己醒来，也可作及物短语wake sb. up叫醒某人) 【对点导练】 阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的短语并用正确形式填空（有一个多余选项） go off, wake up, go by, go wrong, go over, go out Last Monday was a terrible day for me. I 1.________ at 7:30 because my alarm clock didn’t 2.________. I rushed to school without breakfast. When I got to the classroom, the teacher asked us to 3.________ our notes. Later, something 4.________ with my bike on the way home. It rained suddenly, so I couldn’t 5.________ to buy an umbrella. When I finally got home, I was all wet. What a bad day! 考点25: There was a landslide along our usual road. 我们平常走的那条路发生了山体滑坡。 【名师解析】usual adj.通常的；寻常的→______________ adv.通常→______________ adj.不同寻常的 【注意】usual的副词形式usually（通常，常常），表示频率。修饰动词，位置一般在实义动词前，be动词/助动词/情态动词后，也可放句首（表强调）。 【固定搭配】_______ usual 照例；照旧；像往常一样 例句：I usually get up early. She is usually late for school. Usually, we have a test on Friday. He went to school by bike as usual.他像往常一样骑自行车去上学。 【语境应用】 I.词汇运用 1) She ___________(usual) gets up at 7 o’clock. 2) I went to bed at my ___________(usual) time last night. 3) It’s ___________(usual) for him to be late for school, because he always gets up early. II.完成句子 1) 教练要求我们比平常更加努力地训练。 The coach asked us to train harder _______ _______. 2)昨晚Mr Green没有像往常一样去公园散步。 Mr Green didn’t go for a walk in the park _______ _______ last night. 考点26: As a result, she said we weren’t having a test after all!结果，她说我们终究不用考试了！ 【名师解析】as a result 因此，结果, 表示后面句子与前面句子所表达的内容构成因果关系，前面是因后面是果。它与so 可以进行转换。 e.g. Tony got up late that morning. As a result, he didn’t catch the first bus. = Tony got up late that morning, so he didn’t catch the first bus. 托尼那天早上起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。 【练一练】 1. He made a big mistake, so he lost his job.=He made a big mistake. _________ _________ _________, he lost his job. 2. The ___________(结果) of the exam is unsatisfactory, so the boy is a little sad. 3. As _________ result, she fell down from the bike and hurt herself. 考点27: stored emergency supplies at home before the typhoon台风来临前在家里储存应急物资 【名师解析】supply n.供应（量）；补给（品） v.供应；供给 ☆supply sth. ______ sb. =supply sb. _______ sth. 向某人供应某物 Eg. The factory supplies vegetables and fruit to supermarkets every day. 这家工厂每天向超市供应蔬菜和水果。 The company supplies schools with many new computers. 这家公司为学校提供许多新电脑。 【对点导练】 1. The company supplies free water _________ the homeless every day.=The company supplies the homeless __________ free water every day. 2. We need to prepare some _____________(补给物) before the storm. 3. The factory ____________(供应) the village with medicine last week. 考点28: The power went out. 停电了。 【名师解析】power n.电力，权力，力量 v.驱动，推动→___________ adj.强有力的→__________ adj.无权力的 【高频搭配】lose power / go out：停电 power cut：停电（名词短语） come to power：掌权/执政(动作) be in power 执政，掌权(状态) power station：发电站 power off：关机/断电 have the power to do sth. 有权力做某事 eg. Many houses lost power because of the heavy storm last night. 昨晚的强暴风雨导致许多房屋停电。 The sun provides light and power for all living things on Earth. 太阳为地球上所有生物提供光和能量。 This new car is powered by clean energy instead of oil. 这辆新车由清洁能源驱动，而不是汽油。 He is a man with great power in this big company. 他在这家大公司里是一个拥有很大职权的人。 【对点导练】 1. Many houses lost ____________(电力) because of the heavy storm last night. 2. He is a man with great ____________(权力) in this big company, so he has the power ____________(decide) many things. 3. The more ____________(power) our country is, the safer people will be. 考点29: People were asking one another if they were safe while some were starting to clear the streets.当一些人开始清理街道时，人们在互相询问是否安全。 【名师解析】if 在此引导宾语从句（宾语从句应用陈述语序），意为“是否”；常用于ask、know、find out、wonder等动词（短语）之后。 【注意】表示“是否”时，有以下几种情况不能用if，只能用whether。 ①后面紧跟or not时；②用于介词之后；③用于不定式to do之前；④为了强调，放在句首时。 【拓展】if还可表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 Eg. I want to know if he will come to the party. 我想知道他是否会来参加派对。 Could you tell me if there is a hospital near here? 你能告诉我这附近是否有医院吗？ 【对点导练】 1. I don’t know __________ he will come to the party. 2. He asks __________ I have time tomorrow. 3. I want to know ___________(是否) it will be a good day. 4. If it rains tomorrow, I ___________(stay) at home. ( 同步题型分析 )（热个身先~~~） 1、 根据汉语意思写单词。 1. After the ______________(地震), people started to rebuild their homes. 2. To know how this project worked, a reporter was ______________(采访) some people. 3. Yesterday’s news on TV ____________(报道) that there was a rainstorm in this area. 4. The terrible _____________(洪水) destroyed a lot of houses in some areas in our country. 5. A new hospital will be built near our ______________(街区) soon. 6. We always visit our ______________(亲戚) and friends during the Spring Festival. 7. My cousin plans to study abroad next year and he is making _____________(准备) now. 8. Is the bridge strong enough to support two heavy ____________(卡车) at the same time? 9. There’s an _____________(糟糕的) smell in the kitchen. Let’s open the window. 10. The teacher gave each student a box of art _____________(补给) for the drawing class. 11. Ancient ships sailed(航行) across the ocean mainly using the ___________(力量) of the wind. 12. It's warm today. You don't need to wear such ___________(厚的) clothes. 13. The rain _____________(敲) against my glasses so hard that I could hardly see anything. 14. The naughty boy ____________(躲藏) behind the door and waited for his friends to find him. 15. People were sleeping _____________(酣畅地) when the earthquake happened. 16. I was angry because the manager _____________(拒绝) to answer my questions. 17. The ____________(卫兵) stands at the gate every morning to keep people safe. 18. Students should get new _____________(知识) while reviewing the old one. 19. Lei Feng is one of my ____________(偶像) in my heart. 20. Good ____________(思考) helps you solve problems easily in your life. 21. The loud sounds of these fire ____________(警报) made everyone in the building shocked. 22. We could hear the ____________(雷声) clearly. 23. In the past, she often ___________(复习) her notes before going to bed. 24. We all hope to raise some money to help _____________(不幸的) children. 25. The _____________(志愿者) in my community are helping with neighbours’ problems now. 2、 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. We shouldn’t eat junk food, or we will _____________(probable) get sick. 2. Rita had a bad cold and the doctor advised her _____________(stay) at home. 3. My parents often warn me ____________(not play) computer games on weekdays. 4. You should be _____________(care) while driving and always follow traffic rules. 5. I ___________(surf) the internet at this time yesterday. 6. If you have trouble _____________(do) these things, you may ask your teacher for help. 7. I forgot my umbrella this morning, but ____________(luck), it didn’t rain. 8. To reach a goal, big or small, it is important _____________(take) the first step. 9. I ____________(play) the guitar when my brother came back. 10. While he ____________(wait) for the bus, I was reading the newspaper. 11. I ___________(listen) to music when the telephone rang last night. 12. -Did you notice a man passing by? -No. I ____________(talk) on the phone at that time. 13. Lisa ___________(watch) TV when she heard someone calling her name. 14. I was driving _______ usual when a dog ___________(run) across the road suddenly. 15. The babies _____________(sleep) while the mother was cooking. 16. Yesterday was ______________(bad) day for me-I missed the school bus. 17. I was worried I would be late for class, but _____________(thankful), the bus came just in time. 18. Alice will come to see you as soon as she ___________(arrive) in Shanghai. 19. While I ____________(read) in my room, I noticed something unusual outside. 20. John decided to go to America for ____________(far) study. 21. The problem is _____________(terrible) difficult for me to solve. 22. My parents always warn me ____________(not talk) with strangers on the internet. 23. The weather there is ____________(change), so you'd better take an umbrella with you. 24. The fan was too excited ____________(say) a word when meeting his favourite singer at the airport. 25. Tommy doesn't obey the rules at school and refuses _____________(do) any homework. 3、 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。每词（组）限用一次。 rain cats and dogs at last one another go out heavy 1. Look! It's snowing ___________outside. Soon the world will be white. 2. I was waiting for the bus when it began to ____________. 3. Helen chose to study art in the college and became an artist ____________. 4. We should be polite and treat _____________with respect. 5. It's raining hard. Don't forget to take an umbrella when you _____________. all of a sudden out of breath go wrong wake up go off 1. My computer ___________ again,so I bought a new one at last. 2. After running up the hill, he was ___________ and needed a moment to rest. 3. The loud noise often caused the baby ___________ from her sleep. 4. My alarm didn't ___________ this morning, so I was late for school. 5. The earthquake happened ____________,but luckily, no one was hurt. 四、用when或while 填空。 1. We were having a meeting __________ it began to snow last night. 2. I was washing my clothes ___________ the phone rang. 3. __________ I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night, Jenny was doing her homework. 4. They were watering flowers __________ I got to the garden. 5. Frank was taking notes ____________ the teacher was giving a lesson. 五、根据句意，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 1. I'm really worried __________ the coming final exams. 2. We have nothing in common. _________ a result, we don't become friends. 3. _________ the time we finished our homework, it was already 9 o'clock in the evening. 4. The road was closed because ________ the heavy snow. 5. I wrote to her last month and I'm still waiting _________ her reply. ( 课堂达标检测 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） A 一、词汇运用 A.将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 ( temper heavy nearly move deal with ) Last weekend, I experienced a rainstorm. The 1.____________ rainstorm hit our neighborhood. The wind blew so hard that a tree branch 2.__________ fell on the road, blocking our way home. My little brother started crying because he was scared, but my dad told him not to lose his 3.__________. He said staying calm would help us to 4.__________ the problem better. Our neighbors worked together and helped us —some 5.__________ the branch, and others helped check if we were hurt. Soon, the rain stopped. The sun came out, and our neighbourhood looked clean again. B.阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 It was a quiet afternoon when I first heard the news about the typhoon. The weather report 1.__________ (警告) us several days ago, but I didn’t take it seriously. When the wind started to blow 2._____________(非常糟地), I was playing in my room as 3._____________(通常的). Soon, the sky turned dark, and the rain began to 4.__________ (敲打) the roof loudly. I ran to the living room and saw my mom closing all the windows tightly. She told me to stay away from them, as broken glass could hurt us. After the storm passed, I went outside with my dad. The 5._______________(街区) was in a mess. Fallen branches and leaves covered the ground, and some houses had broken windows. A few cars were broken by falling trees. We saw some people 6._____________(自愿做) to clear the roads, and everyone looked tired but hopeful. My dad said that natural disasters can teach us to make 7._______________(准备) for them.. Later that day, our teacher asked us to write about this experience. I realized how 8._____________(幸运的) we were to stay safe. This event also made me realize the 9.______________(重要性) of listening to weather reports. From then on, I always keep an eye on the forecast and prepare necessary 10.__________ (补给品) before bad weather comes. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式。 In recent years, the earth has been getting warmer and 1.____________(warm). The temperatures are 2.__________ (rise). Possibly this is natural, but probably we are causing it. Modern people drive a lot of cars. This puts carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the air and helps to make the planet warmer. When we hear the news, we may smile. No one 3. _____________ (like) long cold winters, but there are many bad points about a warmer earth. First, the ice at the Poles(极地) melts and becomes water 4.______________(quick). The result is that the sea level becomes higher. Low islands will be covered by water. Cities near the sea will be in danger from the sea. Will Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai become like parts of Holland-lower than the sea? Possibly we will have to build walls 5.____________(stop) the water. Typhoons will become even more dangerous and frightening. Sadly, the 6. _____________(two) point is that storms will become bigger. Super typhoons will be born in the Pacific and do something bad to East Asia. 7._________ same thing will happen to the Eastern United States. As the weather changes, some places that now have rain will become dry. The 8. _____________ (farm) will not be able to grow plants there. Maybe some dry places will become wet. And the change will cause many problems. There might be wars(战争) because 9.___________ it. When we use something, we should ask 10. __________ it is good for the environment first. B 一、词汇运用 A. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）。 final, understand, volunteer, important, give up Dear Opal, This week I learned something 1 . I learned that everyone can make a big difference. Let me tell you how. It rained hard all week. Then last night, it became a flood. Mr. Ruiz found the problem right away. The flood wall in our neighborhood was about to burst! Everyone started to fill and stack(堆) sandbags. But the water was rising fast. More 2____ were needed, so I offered to help. We stacked hundreds of sandbags. But the situation didn’t improve. The water kept going higher and higher. Nobody 3 , though. We all did our duty and kept working hard. 4 , the rain stopped. We all cheered. Our neighborhood was saved! Boy, I was tired, but I felt good, too. My help made a difference and we all 5 the importance of working together. Your friend, Kemal B. 根据下列文章及所给的汉语注释，写出各单词的正确、完全形式（每空限填一词）。 It started as a common afternoon. Students were reading in classrooms when the earth 1 (突然) began to shake. At 2:28 pm on May 12, 2008, a serious earthquake (地震) 2 (击；打) Wenchuan. Within seconds, almost all buildings fell down. Many people 3 (躺) under fallen buildings. The first hour after the earthquake was filled with scary silence. Those people who were disabled in the nursing homes couldn’t leave their beds. 4 (生病的) kids in the broken rooms of the hospitals weakly called for their parents. Those who survived (幸存) felt deeply 5 (孤独的), holding family photos in their arms. But hope arrived with the morning sun. Feeling worried but determined (坚定的), 6 (救援) teams rushed in from across China and 7 __(英雄) were everywhere. Kind neighbors 8 _(分享) their last bottles of water. Volunteers built places for the homeless. As weeks passed, the full truth about the earthquake came out— 9 (几乎) 69,000 lives lost, but a great number of miracles (奇迹) too. A mother protected her baby under her body for three days. A teacher saved all his students by holding the classroom door open. Today, new schools stand where fallen houses once were. The lesson remains clear: When darkness falls and people get into 10 (麻烦), human courage always lights the way. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt 1 midnight. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area. Everyone in the neighbourhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting 2 (piece) of wood over the windows while his mum 3 (make) sure the flashlights and radio were working. She also put some candles and matches on the table. Ben was helping his mum make dinner when 4 rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they tried to play a card game,   5 it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben could not sleep at first. He 6 (final) fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun 7 (rise). He went outside with his family and found the neighbourhood in a mess. Fallen trees, 8 (break) windows and rubbish were everywhere. They joined the neighbours 9 (help) clean up the neighbourhood together. Although the storm broke many things apart, it 10 (bring) families and neighbours closer together. ( C专题 —— 过去进行时 ) ( 专题导入 )（课堂精粹~） ( 考点分析 ) Let’s learn: What were you doing? I was reading at the time of rainstorm. I was running along the beach. I was drinking at that time. 过去进行时=(过去某个时间，正在做的事) 三个趣味场景： 1.突然被打断 I was watching TV when the phone rang. 我正在看电视，电话突然响了。 2.回忆过去某个时刻“当时正在...” What were you doing at 8 last night? 昨晚8点你正在干嘛？ 3.过一段时间一直在做 We were studying all afternoon. 我们整个下午一直在学习。 1.过去进行时的句子结构 （1）肯定句 主语+be(was,were) +动词ing形式 I was reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我在读书。 （2）否定句 主语+be(was,were)+not +动词ing形式 I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我没有读书。 （3）一般疑问句 Be(was,were) +主语+动词ing形式? Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗? （4）特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing形式? What were you doing at 7:00 yesterday morning? 昨天早上7点你正在做什么? 【重中之重】 时间标志词： 1. 【过去某一时刻】 at that time/moment；at+时刻+yesterday；at 9 last night；the day before yesterday 2. 【过去某段时间】 from ... to...+过去时间；all the morning；last month/year；the whole afternoon 3. 【过去时的时间状语从句】 when/while/as等引导的时间状语从句 2.过去进行时的具体用法 1. 描述过去特定时刻正在进行的动作 表示在过去的某一具体时间点（通常由时间状语指明）动作正在进行。 At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.（昨晚八点，我正在看电视。） What were you doing when I called?（我打电话时，你正在做什么？） 2. 描述过去特定时间段内持续进行的动作 表示在过去的某一段持续时间内，动作一直在持续。 He was working on his project all day yesterday.（他昨天一整天都在做项目。） They were traveling in Europe during the summer.（整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。） 3. 作为故事背景，为另一动作的发生提供场景 常用于叙述中，用过去进行时描述“背景”，用一般过去时描述“背景中发生的具体事件”。 It was raining heavily when we left the house.（我们离开家时，正下着大雨。） While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend.（我正在公园散步时，遇到了一位老朋友。） 4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作 用 while 或 as 连接两个过去进行时的句子。 My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking.（我爸爸在看报纸，而我妈妈在做饭。） 5. 表示过去暂时的或未完成的动作 强调动作在当时是临时的、正在进行但未结束的状态。 I was living in London in 2015.（2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。）（暗示是暂时的） 对比：I lived in London for 5 years.（我在伦敦住了5年。）（用一般过去时，表示一个完成的、持续的事实） 6. 与“always”等词连用，表示过去反复发生的习惯性动作（常含感情色彩） 表达赞赏、批评或抱怨等情绪。 He was always helping others.（他过去总是帮助别人。）（赞赏） She was constantly complaining about her job.（她过去老是抱怨她的工作。）（厌烦） 3.现在分词(-ing)的变化规则 ①直接+________ play—playing ；study—studying ②以不发音e结尾的动词，去____+__________ take—taking ；dance—dancing ③重读闭音节的动词，双写________字母+_______ cut—cutting ；swim—swimming ④以ie结尾的动词，改ie为______+______ lie—lying ；die—dying ；tie—tying 【易错提醒1】when与while的区别when和while “当...时候” 都可作连词，引导时间状语从句 ☆看例句， 找规律： ( It was snowing when he arrived at the station. When/While it was snowing , he arrived at the station. While I was waiting for the bus, my mom was sleeping. ) 【总结】 1) 延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。 非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。如：start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。 2)when既指时间点，又指时间段； when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是瞬间性动词，也可以是延续性动词； when引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，也可以用过去进行时。 3)while只表示一段时间； while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词； 强调从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时，多用while引导从句。 【记忆口诀】 when后可长亦可短， while后面只可长； 若是两边都为长， 中间while来帮忙; when多接一般过去时， while常跟进行时。 注意：有时when可以代替while，而while 则不能代替when。 【易错提醒2】 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有： 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。 2. 部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 3. 感官动词，如see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste 等。 4. 短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。 【拓展1】while 表示转折、对比的用法 1. 表示对比（“而，然而”） I like tea, while my sister prefers coffee. 我喜欢茶，而我妹更喜欢咖啡。 2. 表示让步转折（“虽然，尽管”）位于句首，相当于 although。 While the task is difficult, we must finish it on time. 尽管任务很困难，我们必须按时完成。 【拓展2】 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 ( 考点突破 ) 一、小试牛刀：句式转换 将句子He was doing his homework.进行句式变化 1.否定句：____________________________ 2.一般疑问句：________________________ 3.特殊疑问句（对划线提问）：___________ 二、请用 when 或 while 填空。 1. I was reading a book ______ the phone rang. 2. ______ I was reading a book, my sister was watching TV. 3. He fell asleep ______ he was listening to music. 4. ______ I arrived home, it started to rain heavily. 5. Please don’t talk so loudly ______ others are working. 6. What were you doing ______ the teacher came in? 7. ____________ I lived in the countryside, I learned a lot about farming. 8. My father was reading newspaper __________ my mother was cooking. 三、用所给词适当形式填空。 1. What ________ you ________ (do) when the typhoon came? 2. While my father ____________ (check) the weather, my mother was cooking. 3. They ____________ (play) basketball at that time yesterday. 4. When I ________ (arrive), it was raining heavily. 5. She ____________ (sleep) while I was reading. 6. The wind ____________ (blow) strongly when we went out. 7. My sister __________________ (not watch) TV at 8 last night. 8. ________ it ____________ (snow) when you got up this morning? ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 一、Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form. Lucy ___________ (break) her arm last week. It ___________ (happen) when she ____________ (paint) her room. She ________(fall) off the ladder. Yesterday Sue _______________ (walk) along the road when she ________(meet) James. He ____________ (go) to the station to catch a train and he _______________ (carry) a bag. They _____________ (stop) to talk for a few minutes. 二、Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain ______ beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. _____________ they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they ________ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. _________ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some __________ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 三、根据句意填写单词的正确形式 1．Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 2．Millie (watch) TV when lightning hit a nearby building. 3．While (walk) in the park, we saw many beautiful flowers. 4．They didn’t notice me come in because they (play) computer games. 5．I (chat) with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in. 6．I (check) the map at that moment and didn’t notice the red light. 7．Mike’s teacher took a photo of him when he (run) at the sports meeting. 8．The shopkeeper (talk) with an old woman when I went into the shop. 9．These housewives (learn) how to cook healthy food for their kids at that time. 10．While we (have) lunch, Tom was reading a story. ( T能力 —— 书面表达：自然灾害 ) 　 本单元的主题是“自然灾害”,要求学生以第一人称叙事,结合过去进行时,生动展现一天中因天气或灾害引发的系列事件。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①以时间为线索,描述从清晨到晚上的具体经历;②运用“while+过去进行时”“when+一般过去时/过去进行时”等结构,衔接事件发展;③融入环境描写和个人感受。 在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式常为“关于自然灾害的经历”或“介绍某一种灾害,并提出应对措施”。通常需要涵盖的内容包括:明确事件发生的时间、地点和经过,用过去进行时串联不同时段的行为,加入环境描写与个人心理活动,通过事件结尾的感悟升华主题;描述灾害的类型,列举预防和保护措施,呼吁大家保护自身安全。 1.写作实例 2025年5月12日是第17个全国防灾减灾日,结合你所经历的一次自然灾害,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈令你印象深刻的事以及你的感受。 要求:1.词数不少于80;2.语言流畅,书写规范,卷面整洁;3.短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文　2.时态:以一般过去时为主　3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句:①hit one’s hometown侵袭某人的家乡　 ②turn everything upside down 把一切弄得乱七八糟　 ③in the distance在远处　 ④pour down (雨)倾盆而下　 ⑤struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ⑥in an instant立即,马上 ⑦This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared.这一天让我见识到大自然的力量以及做好准备的重要性。 ⑧It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart.这真的是值得铭记的一天,在我心中留下了深刻的印记。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 In my memory, countless days have passed by, but there’s one day I’ll never forget—the day a huge rainstorm unexpectedly hit my hometown, turning everything upside down. It started early in the morning. When I was cheerfully getting ready for school, dark clouds suddenly covered the sky like a giant black blanket. Thunder rumbled in the distance. Soon, heavy rain poured down. The raindrops were as big as coins. While I was struggling to walk to school with an umbrella, strong winds, as if they were angry beasts, blew it away in an instant. I got completely wet. Classes were canceled because of the rising flood. I felt so scared that I held my mom's hand tightly, hoping the rainstorm would stop soon. This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared. It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart. ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 假如你是李明，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇英语发言稿，讲述那场灾害发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示： 1.灾害的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后情况的描述； 4.从中学到的经验或你的感悟。 注意： 1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80(首句已为你写好，不计入总词数)。 Hello, I’m Li Ming. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级下单元同步教学内容 T(U5 Nature’s Temper) C(过去进行时) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( T同步 —— 八年级下Unit 5 Nature ’ s Temper ) ( 同步知识梳理 )（大脑放电影~） 八下Unit 5基础知识梳理 类别 课标考点要求 词 汇 攻 关 1.temper n.脾气，怒气→tempered adj.脾气……的，性情……的；有气质的；温和的→lose one’s temper 发脾气 2. earthquake n.地震→an earthquake 一场地震 3. typhoon n.台风 4. wildfire n.野火 5. snowstorm n.暴风雪 6. flood n.水灾，洪水 v.泛滥，淹没→flooded adj.被水淹没的 7. drought n.旱灾；干旱→dry adj.干燥的 v.变干 8. warn v.警告，提醒注意→warning n.警告→warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人某事→warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事 9. wave n.波浪，波，挥手 v.挥手，挥舞→wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手 10. tsunami n.海啸 11. interview n.&v.采访，面试→interviewer n.面试官，采访者→interviewee n.参加面试者，接受采访者 12. neighborhood n.街区，临近的地方→(拓展)neighbor n.邻居 13. roof n.屋顶，顶部→pl. roofs 14. nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近=almost 15. report n.&v.报告，汇报→reporter n.记者→give a report 作报告→ It is reported that... 据报道... 16. trouble n.苦恼，困难 v.使忧虑，苦恼，劳驾，麻烦→be in trouble 处于麻烦中→get into trouble 陷入麻烦→have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 17. relative n.亲戚，亲属 18. truck n.卡车 19. supply n.供应(量)；补给品 v.供应，供给→pl. supplies→supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 20. preparation n.准备(工作)；预备→prepare v.准备→make a preparation 做准备→prepare for sth. 为...做准备=be ready for sth.→prepare to do sth. =be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 21. power n.电力供应；能量；力量，权力→powerful adj.强有力的，有权势的，有影响力的→powerless adj.无权的，无能的 22. soundly adv.(睡觉)酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地→sound v.听起来 n.声音 adj.酣睡的，可靠的，无损伤的，健康的 23. thick adj.厚的，浓密的→thicker adj.更厚的→thickest adj.最厚的→(反)thin adj.瘦的，薄的→thinner adj.更瘦的→thinnest adj.最瘦的 24. beat v.敲打，战胜，打败 n.敲击，跳动→过去式beat→过去分词beaten 25. hide v.躲藏，隐蔽→过去式hid→过去分词hidden 26. tornado n.龙卷风，旋风 27. worst adj.&adv.最坏的，最糟的→bad adj.坏的→badly adv.坏地→worse adj.&adv.较坏的 28. schoolgirl n.(学校的)女生 29. froth n.泡，泡沫 30. unfortunately adv.不幸地，可惜地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n.运气 31. refuse v.拒绝，退却→refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 32. security n.安全；保安；保障→secure adj.安全的 33. guard n.卫兵，保卫 v.保卫→security guard 保安人员 34. nearby adj.附近的 adv.在附近 35. scream v.尖叫 36. thankfully adv.幸亏，感激地→thankful adj.感激的→thank v./n.感谢→thank you (sb.) for sth. 因某事感谢某人→thanks to 幸亏，由于 37. knowledge n.知识(不可数名词)→know v.知道 38. thinking n.思考，想法→think v.思考→过去式/过去分词thought 39. hero n.英雄，男主角，偶像→pl. heroes 40. landslide n.滑坡；塌方 41. safeguard v.保护，捍卫 42. floodwater n.洪水 43. manpower n.劳动力，人力 44. heartbeat n.心跳(声) 45. rescue v.&n.救援，营救→rescuer n.救援者 46. heatwave n.热浪 47. southwestern adj.西南的，西南方向的→southwest n.西南 48. firefighter n.消防队员=fireman 49. volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做，义务做→voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer to do sth. 志愿做某事 50. terribly adv.非常糟地，非常→terrible adj.糟糕的，可怕的 51. alarm n.警报(器)；惊恐→alarmed adj.感到惊恐的→alarming adj.令人惊恐的→alarm clock 闹钟 52. review v.复习，回顾，复查 n.回顾，审查，评论 53. sudden adj.突然的，骤然的→suddenly adv.突然地→all of a sudden 突然，猛地 54. thunder n.雷，雷声 v.打雷，发出雷鸣般响声 55. usual adj.通常的，寻常的→usually adv.通常→unusual adj.不同寻常的 56. rainstorm n.暴风雨 57. unlucky adj.不幸的，不顺利的，不吉利的→unluckily adv.不幸地→luck n.运气→lucky adj.幸运的→luckily adv.幸运地 短 语 归 纳 1. do chores 做家务=do housework 2. slow down (使)慢下来，(使)减速 3. come off (从某物上)脱落，掉落 4. make a preparation 做准备 5. security guard 保安人员 6. as soon as 一....就..... 7. alarm clock 闹钟 8. go off (警报器等)发出响声 9. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 10. by the time 到......的时候 11. out of breath 上气不接下气 12. as a result 因此 13. natural disasters 自然灾难 14. nature’s temper 大自然的脾气 15. have dinner 吃晚饭 16. do one’s homework 做作业 17. call sb’s mother 打给母亲 18. prepare lunch 准备午饭 19. stay in a hotel 待在旅馆里 20. take a train 乘火车 21. hear about/of 听说 22. warn sb. about/of sth. 警告某人某事 23. in time 及时 24. at the time of ... 在...的时候 25. thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事 26. strong winds 强风 27. heavy rain 大雨 28. during a typhoon 在台风期间 29. tall waves 高高的浪 30. get flooded 被淹没 31. in the eye of a typhoon 在台风眼 32. cause sth./sb. to do sth. 造成某物/某人做某事 33. take place 发生 34. on the street 在街上 35. in sb’s home 在某人的家里 36. at home 在家 37. help to do sth. 帮忙做某事=help with sth. 38. clean up 打扫干净 39. be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某物 40. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 41. be careful 小心 42. pay attention to 关注，注意 43. stay inside 待在室内 44. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 45. prepare for sth. 为某物做准备 46. rain hard 下大雨 47. drive back 开车返回 48. get into an accident 遭遇一场事故 49. get home 到家 50. move things off the floor 把东西从地板上移开 51. next time 下一次 52. store emergency supplies 储备应急物资 53. travel on the train 在火车上旅行 54. land on the coast 在海岸登陆 55. go out 熄灭，外出 56. pack the supplies 打包物资 57. sleep soundly 睡得很甜 58. rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨 59. look up 向上看，查阅 60. beat against the roof 撞击屋顶 61. sweep through 席卷 62. a weather report 天气预报 63. at once 立刻，马上 64. start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事 65. at last 最后 66. step outside 走出去 67. find sb./sth. doing 发现某人/某物正在... 68. one another 彼此，互相 69. save many lives 拯救很多生命 70. on 26 December 2004 在2004年的12月26日 71. be on holiday 在度假 72. swim in the sea 在海里游泳 73. relax on the beach 在沙滩上放松 74. walk along the beach 沿着沙滩散步 75. instead of 代替 76. something important 一些重要的事 77. want to do sth. 想要做某事 78. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 79. take a single step further 再向前迈出一步 80. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 81. walk alone 独自走 82. the rest of the family 剩余的家人 83. return to the hotel 返回旅馆 84. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 85. know about sth. 了解某事 86. jump into action 立即行动 87. right away 立刻，马上 88. rush to do sth. 急忙做某事 89. as fast as sb. can/could 尽可能快 90. make it to safety 安全到达 91. between...and... 在...和...之间(两者) 92. thanks to 幸亏，由于 93. be able to do sth.能够做某事 94. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 95. learn about sth. 了解某事 96. need to do sth. 需要做某事 97. listen to 听..... 98. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 99. keep safe 保持安全 100. put out the fires 灭火 101. more than 多于，超过 102. stay away from 远离..... 103. because of 因为 104. give up 放弃 105. by the end of... 在...之前 106. manage to do sth. 设法做到，成功做到某事 107. wake up 醒来 108. have to 必须，不得不 109. have a test 有个测试 110. wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某物 111. too...to... 太...而不能.... 112. worry about sth. 担心某事 113. after all 毕竟，终究 114. go wrong 故障 115. get darker and darker 变得越来越黑 116. look at clouds 看云 117. watch TV 看电视 118. on the other hand 另一方面 119. be glued to 盯着.... 120. be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 121. call for help 寻求帮助 122. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 重 点 句 型 1. Typhoons cause tsunamis to happen in some places. 台风在某些地方(会)引发海啸。 2. We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started. 我们从亲戚家开车回家时，突然刮起了大风。 3. It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon. 在台风期间旅行很危险。 4. It was raining hard while we were driving back. 我们开车回去时，雨下得很大。 5. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 龙卷风很可怕，但它也让每个人更紧密地团结在一起。 6. But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. 但是，当蒂莉和家人沿着海滩散步时，她注意到了一些奇怪的事。 7. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out. 接着，她看到海浪不是往外，而是往里涌。 8. He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 他立即行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 9. People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 当人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海里涌上来时，他们尖叫着，尽可能快地跑。 10. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 由于她的知识和敏捷的思维，一个女学生能够挽救100多条生命。 八下 Unit 5重要知识解析 考点1：Nature's Temper自然的脾气 【名师解析】temper n.脾气；怒气 ☆lose one's temper with sb 对某人发脾气 have a hot temper 脾气暴躁 keep one's temper忍住脾气 a bad temper 脾气不好 a short temper 急性子 in a temper 发脾气 fly into a temper勃然大怒 Eg. He must learn to control his temper.他得学会控制脾气。 Don't lose your temper with others.不要对别人发脾气。 【考点抢测】1. The little boy has a bad _____________(脾气). 2.Don’t lose your temper ____________ others easily. You should learn to control it. 3. When Tom arrived, she was still in a ____________(怒气). Keys:1.temper; 2.with; 3.temper 考点2：How do natural disasters affect our lives? 自然灾害如何影响我们的生活? 【名师解析】affect v.影响，打动→effect n.影响;效果 【用法剖析】☆动词用法：affect sb/sth影响/打动某人/某物 be affected by sth/sb 受......影响/被......打动 △名词用法：have an effect on sb/sth对某人/某物有影响 a side effect 副作用 greenhouse effect 温室效应 come into effect 生效，开始实施 in effect 实际上，事实上 【练一练】 1. Many plants are affected __________ the cold winter. 2. Age also ____________(影响) our memory abilities. 3. The noise has an effect __________ my study. Keys:1.by; 2.affects; 3.on 考点3：Match the natural disasters with the pictures. 【认一认】 __________ earthquake __________ typhoon __________ wildfire __________ snowstorm __________ flood __________ drought 【拓展延伸】其他的自然灾难： heat wave 热浪 tsunami 海啸 tornado 龙卷风 landslide 泥石流 hail 冰雹 haze 雾霾 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 thunder and lightning雷电 sandstorm 沙尘暴 考点4：Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner. 欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。 【名师解析】warn v.警告；提醒注意→warning n.警告 【固定搭配】warn sb. about/of sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不)要做某事 warn sb. against doing sth. 告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb.)+that从句 警告某人.... eg：My teacher warned us about the difficult exam. 老师提醒我们考试很难。 Mum warned me not to swim in the river. 妈妈警告我不要去河里游泳。 【练一练】1.My friend warned me _________ the dangerous road. 2.Mum warned Tom not ___________(play) with knives. Keys:1.about/of; 2.to play 考点5：I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. 我正在做作业，这时大楼突然摇晃起来。 【名师解析】sudden adj.突然的，意外的 n.突然发生的事→suddenly adv.突然地 ☆all of a sudden是一个固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”。 E.g. All of a sudden, the lights went out, and the room became completely dark. 突然间，灯灭了，房间里一片漆黑。 【练一练】 1. When I received the apology message from my best friend, all of ______ sudden, all the unhappiness disappeared. 2. While we were having dinner, it started to rain ______________(sudden). 3. _____________(突然), the power was cut off. Keys:1.a; 2.suddenly; 3.suddenly 【语境填词】根据所给汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。 1) 我突然记起我没有锁门。 I _________ _________ that I hadn’t locked the door. 2) 不要做任何突然的动作。 Don’t make _________ _________ movements. 3) 突然有人踩了我的脚。 _________ _________ _________ _________, someone stepped on my foot. Keys:1.suddenly remembered; 2.any sudden; 3.All of a sudden 考点6：I was doing chores while my mother was preparing lunch. 我在做家务，而我妈妈在准备午餐。 【名师解析】prepare v.准备→preparation n.准备→prepared adj.有准备的 ☆动词用法：prepare sth准备某物 prepare...for...为……准备…… prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物 prepare to do sth准备去做某事 △名词用法：make preparations (for...)为……作准备 make preparations to do sth准备做某事 Eg. The students are making preparations for the final exam.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。 Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year. 妈妈正在准备传统晚宴,我们在为新年做准备。 【对点导练】1. My mother is busy _____________(准备) dinner for us, so I prepare ____________(help) her. 2. He is preparing a birthday cake ___________ his sister. 3. The students are making _____________(准备) for the New Year party. 4. While I was doing ___________(chore), my mother was preparing cookie _________ the party. 5. She makes full preparations ____________(give) a speech in public. Keys:1.preparing, to help; 2.for; 3.preparations; 4.chores, for; 5.to give 考点7：Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded. 有时会出现巨浪，沿海地区会被淹没。 【名师解析1】wave n.波浪 v.挥手；挥舞 ☆动词用法：wave at / to sb. 向某人挥手 wave goodbye to sb.=wave sb. goodbye 向某人挥手告别 e.g. Look! The boy in the taxi is waving at / to us.看！出租车里的那个男孩正在向我们挥手。 She waved goodbye to her parents. = She waved her parents goodbye.她向父母挥手告别。 △名词用法：a wave of... 一阵...... 【名师解析2】flood n.水灾，洪水 v.泛滥，淹没 (1)表示 “洪水” 时,是可数名词,常构成 “have a flood” “cause floods”等短语。 (2)动词：核心含义 “淹没；泛滥”。 ▶ 及物动词：“淹没(某地 / 某物)”表示水或其他液体 “淹没” 某个地方，主语可以是水、雨等。 ▶ 不及物动词：“泛滥；涌入”表示水 “泛滥”，或人 / 事物 “大量涌入” (如人群、想法等)。 固定搭配：be flooded“被淹没” get flooded“变得被淹没”，更强调结果，常用来描述 “某地被洪水淹没” 【对点导练】 1. The girl in the car is ____________(挥手) at her friends. 2. He waved goodbye ___________ his family before ____________(get) on the plane. 3. It is such a big ___________(海浪) that the ship is shaking seriously. 4. Many houses were ____________(flood) because of the terrible natural disaster. 5. It was raining ___________(heavy) so that the hard rain caused a ___________(洪水) in the small town. Keys:1.waving; 2.to, getting; 3.wave; 4.flooded; 5.heavily, flood 考点8：Typhoons cause tsunami to happen in some places. 台风会造成一些地方发生海啸。 【名师解析】cause v.造成，引起 n.起因 【常用结构】cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某事做某事 【对点导练】1. The heavy rain ___________(造成) the river to rise last night. 2. Stress can cause people ____________(get) sick easily. 3. Do you know the ____________(起因) of the traffic accident? Keys:1.caused; 2.to get; 3.cause 考点9：Where did the interviews probably take place?采访可能是在哪里举行的？ 【名师解析1】“probably” 是副词,核心含义是 “很可能”,用来表示比较确定的推测(可能性比 “possibly 可能” 强,比 “maybe 也许” 更正式一点)。放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。修饰动词、形容词或句子,说明 “动作或情况发生的可能性”。 Eg. It will probably rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. 今天下午可能会下雨，带把伞吧。 【辨析】possibly, maybe, perhaps&probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 【名师解析2】take place意为 “发生；举行”,多指 “有计划、有安排的活动”(如会议、比赛、采访等),是不及物动词短语(后面不接宾语，也没有被动语态)。 Eg. The sports meeting took place in our school last month.上个月我们学习举行了运动会。 【辨析】take place&happen happen ＂发生，碰巧＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 What happened (to sb.)?某人怎么了? sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 【牛刀小试】 一、选词填空 probably possibly maybe perhaps  1. _____________ you are right, but I still don’t believe it. 2. It will _____________ be sunny tomorrow, so we can go hiking. 3. I can’t _____________ finish the work in such a short time. 4. _____________ I should call him to confirm the time. 二、根据句意填写正确的单词。 1. The sports meeting will take __________next Friday. 2. The traffic accident _____________(发生) by accident yesterday. 3. You looked unhappy. What happened __________ you? 4. Something strange is ____________(happen) now. Keys:一1.Maybe/Perhaps（句首，中等可能性，非正式/稍正式均可）；2.probably（高可能性，依常理推断晴天适合远足）；3.possibly（常与can’t连用，表示“不可能做到”）；4.Maybe/Perhaps（句首，提出建议，中等可能性） 二1.place; 2.happened; 3.to; 4.happening 考点10：The reporter advised people to be careful, pay attention to the weather reports, and stay inside. 记者建议人们要小心，注意天气预报，并待在室内 【名师解析1】advise作动词，意为“建议；劝告”→advice n.建议(不可数名词)。 常用结构如下： ☆动词用法：①advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事→advise sb. (not) to do sth.建议某人不要做某事 ②advise doing sth建议做某事 ③advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人(应该)做某事 △名词用法：①a piece of advice一条建议 ②take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ③ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 【辨析】advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。 Eg. four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 【名师解析2】pay attention to 短语，意为“关注，注意”，其中to是介词，后面要接名词/代词/动词ing形式。 Eg. You should pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 你上课要注意听老师讲课。 【名师解析3】report v./n.报道，报告→reporter n.记者 ☆give a report 作报告 It is reported that... 据报道.... 【对点导练】 1. My teacher advises me ___________(learn) English by __________(practice) more. 2. Here’s my ____________(建议). 3. Thank you for giving him some useful ____________(建议). 4. There __________(be) so much good advice for you. 5. He advises ____________(buy) the tickets in advance if you want to travel in August. 6. The ___________(记者) is writing a news ____________(报道) about the typhoon. 7. It is ___________(report) that the typhoon is coming, so we need to pay attention ________ our safety first. 8. You should pay attention to ____________(watch) audience’s(观众的) behaviors when you are giving ______ report. Keys：1. to learn, practicing 2. advice 3. advice/suggestions 4. is 5.buying 6.reporter, report 7.reported, to 8.watching, a 考点11：Did you have any trouble during the typhoon?台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗? 【名师解析1】trouble n.麻烦；困难；困境 【固定搭配】have trouble with sth. ……有问题；在某方面有问题 have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难 be in trouble 处于困境 get into trouble 陷入困境 be / get out of trouble 脱离困境 e.g. I’m having trouble with my computer.我的电脑出了问题。 Did you have much trouble finding our school? 找到我们学校费了不少劲吧？ I always ask Mike for help when I’m in trouble. 当我有麻烦时，总是找Mike帮忙。 My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents. 以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。 Thank you for helping me get out of trouble. 谢谢你帮我脱离困境。 【拓展】trouble v.麻烦；劳驾；使忧虑，苦恼 e.g. I don’t want to trouble my friends. 我不想麻烦我的朋友们。 What’s troubling you, dear? You look so worried. 出什么事儿了，亲爱的？你一脸忧虑。 I don’t want to trouble the doctor with it. 我不想拿这件事去麻烦医生。 Could I trouble you to close the window, please? 能否劳驾您关一下窗户？ 【注意】have trouble doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 【典型练习】 1. If we’re late, we’ll be _________ great trouble. 2. Do you have trouble ___________(learn) English? 3. I’m sorry to ___________(麻烦) you, but I want __________(use) your dictionary. 4. If you have trouble ___________ your study, you can ask your teacher _________ help. 5. I have trouble _____________(solve) the difficult problem, so can you help me __________ it? Keys:1.in; 2.learning; 3.trouble, to use; 4.with, for; 5.solving, with 考点12：It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon.台风天出行很危险。 【名师解析】重点句型：It is dangerous (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事很危险 e.g. It’s dangerous for you to play soccer here.你在这踢足球很危险。 【拓展】It’s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth. It is + adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 如果形容词描述的是sb.的性格或品质，则用介词of；如果形容词描述的是to do sth.的性质，则用介词for。 e.g. It is not good for your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛不好。 It is silly of him not to forgive others for their mistakes.他真傻，不原谅别人的过错。 【语境应用】 1. It’s hard for me ___________(drive) the car. 2. It is ____________(careful) of the girl to leave her bag in the taxi. 3. ________ is important _________ us to learn English well. 4. ________ is kind ___________ you to help me solve the hard math problem. Keys:1.to drive; 2.careless; 3.It, for; 4.It, of 考点13: We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us.我们差点出事，一辆卡车险些撞到我们。 【名师解析】almost和nearly都作副词，意为“几乎；差不多”。一般情况下，二者可以互换使用，但almost所表示的接近程度大于nearly。此外，almost后面可以与no, nobody, none, nothing, never等表示否定意义的词连用，但不能与not连用；而nearly没有这种用法，nearly前可用very、pretty、形容词、副词等修饰。 e.g. In Kunming the temperature is almost / nearly the same all year round.昆明一年四季的温度都差不多。 Almost no one believed her. She felt very sad.几乎没有人相信她，她很伤心。 【语境应用】选用almost或nearly填空。 1) Judy spoke so quietly that ________ nobody heard. 2) ________ all the students have bikes in our class. 3) Jerry had a stomach ache, so he ate ________ nothing this morning. Keys:1.almost; 2.Almost/Nearly; 3.almost 考点14: When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。 【名师解析1】☆look up 抬头看；查阅 Eg. When you meet new words, you can look them up in the dictionary. 当你遇到生词时，可以在词典里查阅它们。 【拓展】与“看look”有关的短语搭配： △Look: 看人/物look at; 寻找look for; 照顾look after=take care of; 查阅，抬头看look up; 浏览look through; 向四周看，环顾look around; 期待look forward to; 看一看have a look at; 小心look out; 看起来像look like; 轻视look down; 检查look over 【名师解析2】①beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，主语是人，宾语可以是人或物；意为“拍打”时，主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。 Eg. Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 ②beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"，后常接人或由人组成的队伍。 Eg. He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【辨析】beat&win 单词 用法 beat 意为“打败，战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (doing) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 【名师解析3】roof n.屋顶，房顶→pl. roofs 【对点导练】 1. When Jenny looked __________, thick black clouds were forming in the sky. 2. The rain was ___________(beat) against the ___________(屋顶) heavily last night. 3. He ____________(战胜) me in the chess game yesterday. 4. Look at these _____________(屋顶). They are dangerous. 5. My grandma is ill, so I have to look ___________ her at home. 6. I lost my key. Can you help me look __________ it? 7. He is strongly against ____________(play) games, because it is not good. 8. If you enter the room, please have a look __________ it carefully. Keys:1.up; 2.beating, roof/roofs; 3.beat; 4.roofs; 5.after; 6.for; 7.playing; 8.at 考点15: Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸爸给了她一些巧克力，告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。 【名师解析】hide v.躲藏，隐蔽→过去式：hid→过去分词hidden ☆hide from sb躲避某人 hide sb/sth from sb背着某人藏 …… hide oneself把自己藏起来 【对点导练】 1. Just now, she quickly ___________(躲藏) the letters __________ her parents. 2. When he heard us coming, he hid _______________(he) behind a bush. 3. I have never tried to _____________(隐藏) the truth about my past Keys:1.hid, from; 2.himself; 3.hide 考点16: However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 然而，蒂莉拒绝再往前走一步。 【名师解析】refuse v.拒绝→(反)accept v.接受 ☆refuse to do sh. 拒绝做某事 【对点导练】 1. I refuse ___________(believe) him, because he always tells lies. 2. Yesterday he ___________(拒绝) my advice, which made me sad. 3. Because of fear, the boy refuses ____________(go) further. Keys:1.to believe; 2.refused; 3.to go 考点17: Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她的母亲决定独自继续散步，而家里的其他人都回到了酒店。 【名师解析1】decide v.决定→decision n.决定 ☆动词用法：decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide on sth. 选定某物 △名词用法：make a decision to do sth. 做一个决定做某事=make up one’s mind to do sth. 【名师解析2】continue v.继续→①continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 ②continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事 【名师解析3】the rest of …… 的剩余部分，后接名词 / 代词，谓语动词单复数由名词决定 Eg. The rest of the water is dirty. 其余的水是脏的。 The rest of the students are reading. 其余的学生在读书。 【对点导练】 1. She decided ____________(finish) her homework before ____________(watch) TV. 2. After a short break, they continued _____________(discuss) the same problem. 3. The rest of the bread ___________(be) gone bad. 4. The rest of the children ___________(be) playing games in the park now. 5. He made a decision _____________(go) abroad for further study. 6. My father made a ____________(decide) to move to the countryside. 7. She decided ____________(not tell) him the truth at that time. 8. The ___________(剩余部分) of the work is very difficult for us. Keys:1.to finish, watching; 2.discussing; 3.is; 4.are; 5.to go; 6.decision; 7.not to tell; 8.rest 考点18: He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 【名师解析1】jump into action 立即行动(固定搭配) 【名师解析2】right away 立刻，马上=at once=right now=immediately 【名师解析3】rush v./n.冲，奔，匆促，急促→①rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事 ②in a rush 仓促地，急促地 ③rush hour 高峰期 【对点导练】 1. When the fire broke out, the firefighters jumped _________ action right __________. 2. We need to leave ________ once, or we’ll miss the train. 3. She rushed ___________(go) to the hospital when she heard her mother was ill. 4. Why are you in ________ rush now? 5. The students ___________(冲) to go out of the classroom to eat lunch. 6. The workers jumped into action _____________(immediate) when the alarm rang. Keys:1.into, away/now; 2.at; 3.to go; 4.a; 5.rush; 6. immediately 考点19: People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。 【名师解析1】as fast as they could 尽他们所能快，考查了as+副词原级+as sb. can/could 意为“尽可能地....”，用来修饰动词，表达动作的程度极限=as+副词原级+as possible 【名师解析2】see v.看见，看到→过去式：saw→过去分词：seen ☆see sb./sth. doing sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事(强调动作正在进行中) 【拓展】see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调看见整个过程) 【对点导练】 1. They ran as fast as they _________(can) to keep away from the danger.=They ran as fast as ___________ to keep away from the danger. 2. When they saw the tsunami ___________(come), they were running as fast _______ they could. 3. At night, you will see many old people ____________(dance) on the square. Keys:1.could, possible; 2..coming, as; 3.dancing 考点20: Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 由于她的知识和敏捷的思维，一个女学生能够挽救100多条生命。 【名师解析】thanks to：表“多亏/幸亏……”，侧重“借助某人/某物，才达成某结果”。 Eg. Thanks to your help, we won the game. 多亏了你的帮助，我们赢得了比赛。 【拓展】•thanks for：表“因……而感谢”，侧重“感谢的具体原因”=thank you for Eg. Thanks for helping me with my project. 感谢你帮助我做项目。 【对点导练】 1. Thanks _________ the driver, she was able ____________(save) the child’s life. 2. I would thank the dog __________ saving my child’s life. Keys:1.to, to save; 2.for 考点21: Tilly’s family went back to the hotel except her mother. 除了她妈妈，蒂莉的家人都回到了旅馆。 【辨析】except, except for, besides&but 单词(短语) 意思 用法 except 除...之外（同类排除） 表示从同一类人/物中减去，后面的内容不包含在内；前后是同类事物。 except for 除……之外（细节修正） 整体评价中，修正细节瑕疵；前后事物通常不是同类。 besides 除……之外（还……） 指在政体中加入其后的人或物，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 but 除……之外 和except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯上用于no,nothing,anything等词之后 【对点导练】 1. All the students are here ____________(除了) Li Ming. He is ill at home. 2. ___________(除了...还) English, he also speaks French and German. 3. The article is well written except _________ a few spelling mistakes. 4. I have nothing to do ___________(除了) read. Keys:1.except; 2.Besides; 3.for; 4.but 考点22 Over 5,000 firefighters, police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。 【名师解析】volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”→be a volunteer for sth. 成为...的志愿者 作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”→voluntary adj.自愿的 ①volunteer as...自愿充当…… ②volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 Eg. She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 【名师解析2】 【对点导练】 1. Many _____________(志愿者) came to help clean the park last weekend. 2. He volunteered ____________(teach) the kids English in the village last year. 3. Some children volunteer ____________ guides in the museum to help someone in need. Keys:1.volunteers; 2.to teach; 3.as 考点23: By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们终于扑灭了所有的大火。 【名师解析1】by the end of+时间，意为“到..为止”，后接过去时间(如August, last year)，句子常用一般过去时或过去完成时。后接将来时间(如next month, 2025)，句子用将来完成时。 Eg. By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words. 到上学期末，我们已经学了2000个单词。 【名师解析2】manage v.管理，设法做到→manager n.经理，管理者 ☆manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事(强调成功完成) Eg. He managed to pass driving test after three tries. 经过三次努力，他终于通过了驾驶考试。 【名师解析3】put out 扑灭(火，火灾) 【拓展】与put有关的短语： put on 穿上，上演，增加 put off 推迟，推延 put up 张贴，搭建，举起，提供住宿 put down 放下，写下 put away 放好，存储 put forward 提出(建议，计划) put back 放回 put aside 把...放在一边 put together 组合，组装 put through 接通淡化，通过，完成 put up with 忍受 对点导练】 1. By the end of last year, we _____________(watch) three English movies. 2. He managed _____________(finish) the work on time, though it was difficult. 3. The firemen tried their best to put _________ the big fire. 4. Because of the heavy rain, the school has to put _________ the sports meeting. 5. It’s so cold outside. Put ________ the coat. Keys:1.had watched; 2.to finish; 3.out; 4.off; 5.on 考点24: First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先,我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒得很晚,不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。 【名师解析1】go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响，还有“离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质”之意。 【拓展】与go有关的短语： go on 继续 go out 出去，(灯等)熄灭 go over 复习，仔细检查 go through 经历，浏览，穿过 go up 上升，上涨 go down 下降，下沉 go away 离开，走开 go back 回来，返回，回顾 go by (时间)流逝，经过 go for a walk 去散步 go shopping/swimming 去购物/游泳 go wrong 出毛病 【名师解析2】wake up 醒来，叫醒(可作不及物短语sb. wake up自己醒来，也可作及物短语wake sb. up叫醒某人) 【对点导练】 阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的短语并用正确形式填空（有一个多余选项） go off, wake up, go by, go wrong, go over, go out Last Monday was a terrible day for me. I 1.________ at 7:30 because my alarm clock didn’t 2.________. I rushed to school without breakfast. When I got to the classroom, the teacher asked us to 3.________ our notes. Later, something 4.________ with my bike on the way home. It rained suddenly, so I couldn’t 5.________ to buy an umbrella. When I finally got home, I was all wet. What a bad day! Keys:1.woke up; 2.go off; 3.go over; 4.went wrong; 5.go out 考点25: There was a landslide along our usual road. 我们平常走的那条路发生了山体滑坡。 【名师解析】usual adj.通常的；寻常的→usually adv.通常→unusual adj.不同寻常的 【注意】usual的副词形式usually（通常，常常），表示频率。修饰动词，位置一般在实义动词前，be动词/助动词/情态动词后，也可放句首（表强调）。 【固定搭配】as usual 照例；照旧；像往常一样 例句：I usually get up early. She is usually late for school. Usually, we have a test on Friday. He went to school by bike as usual.他像往常一样骑自行车去上学。 【语境应用】 I.词汇运用 1) She ___________(usual) gets up at 7 o’clock. 2) I went to bed at my ___________(usual) time last night. 3) It’s ___________(usual) for him to be late for school, because he always gets up early. II.完成句子 1) 教练要求我们比平常更加努力地训练。 The coach asked us to train harder _______ _______. 2)昨晚Mr Green没有像往常一样去公园散步。 Mr Green didn’t go for a walk in the park _______ _______ last night. Keys:I.1.usually; 2.usual; 3.unusual; II.1.than usual; 2.as usual 考点26: As a result, she said we weren’t having a test after all!结果，她说我们终究不用考试了！ 【名师解析】as a result 因此，结果, 表示后面句子与前面句子所表达的内容构成因果关系，前面是因后面是果。它与so 可以进行转换。 e.g. Tony got up late that morning. As a result, he didn’t catch the first bus. = Tony got up late that morning, so he didn’t catch the first bus. 托尼那天早上起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。 【练一练】 1. He made a big mistake, so he lost his job.=He made a big mistake. _________ _________ _________, he lost his job. 2. The ___________(结果) of the exam is unsatisfactory, so the boy is a little sad. 3. As _________ result, she fell down from the bike and hurt herself. Keys:1.As a result; 2.result; 3.a 考点27: stored emergency supplies at home before the typhoon台风来临前在家里储存应急物资 【名师解析】supply n.供应（量）；补给（品） v.供应；供给 ☆supply sth. to sb. =supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 Eg. The factory supplies vegetables and fruit to supermarkets every day. 这家工厂每天向超市供应蔬菜和水果。 The company supplies schools with many new computers. 这家公司为学校提供许多新电脑。 【对点导练】 1. The company supplies free water _________ the homeless every day.=The company supplies the homeless __________ free water every day. 2. We need to prepare some _____________(补给物) before the storm. 3. The factory ____________(供应) the village with medicine last week. Keys:1.to, with; 2.supplies; 3.supplied 考点28: The power went out. 停电了。 【名师解析】power n.电力，权力，力量 v.驱动，推动→powerful adj.强有力的→powerless adj.无权力的 【高频搭配】lose power / go out：停电 power cut：停电（名词短语） come to power：掌权/执政(动作) be in power 执政，掌权(状态) power station：发电站 power off：关机/断电 have the power to do sth. 有权力做某事 eg. Many houses lost power because of the heavy storm last night. 昨晚的强暴风雨导致许多房屋停电。 The sun provides light and power for all living things on Earth. 太阳为地球上所有生物提供光和能量。 This new car is powered by clean energy instead of oil. 这辆新车由清洁能源驱动，而不是汽油。 He is a man with great power in this big company. 他在这家大公司里是一个拥有很大职权的人。 【对点导练】 1. Many houses lost ____________(电力) because of the heavy storm last night. 2. He is a man with great ____________(权力) in this big company, so he has the power ____________(decide) many things. 3. The more ____________(power) our country is, the safer people will be. Keys:1.power; 2.power, to decide; 3.powerful 考点29: People were asking one another if they were safe while some were starting to clear the streets.当一些人开始清理街道时，人们在互相询问是否安全。 【名师解析】if 在此引导宾语从句（宾语从句应用陈述语序），意为“是否”；常用于ask、know、find out、wonder等动词（短语）之后。 【注意】表示“是否”时，有以下几种情况不能用if，只能用whether。 ①后面紧跟or not时；②用于介词之后；③用于不定式to do之前；④为了强调，放在句首时。 【拓展】if还可表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 Eg. I want to know if he will come to the party. 我想知道他是否会来参加派对。 Could you tell me if there is a hospital near here? 你能告诉我这附近是否有医院吗？ 【对点导练】 1. I don’t know __________ he will come to the party. 2. He asks __________ I have time tomorrow. 3. I want to know ___________(是否) it will be a good day. 4. If it rains tomorrow, I ___________(stay) at home. Keys:1.if; 2.if; 3.if; 4.will stay ( 同步题型分析 )（热个身先~~~） 1、 根据汉语意思写单词。 1. After the ______________(地震), people started to rebuild their homes. 2. To know how this project worked, a reporter was ______________(采访) some people. 3. Yesterday’s news on TV ____________(报道) that there was a rainstorm in this area. 4. The terrible _____________(洪水) destroyed a lot of houses in some areas in our country. 5. A new hospital will be built near our ______________(街区) soon. 6. We always visit our ______________(亲戚) and friends during the Spring Festival. 7. My cousin plans to study abroad next year and he is making _____________(准备) now. 8. Is the bridge strong enough to support two heavy ____________(卡车) at the same time? 9. There’s an _____________(糟糕的) smell in the kitchen. Let’s open the window. 10. The teacher gave each student a box of art _____________(补给) for the drawing class. 11. Ancient ships sailed(航行) across the ocean mainly using the ___________(力量) of the wind. 12. It's warm today. You don't need to wear such ___________(厚的) clothes. 13. The rain _____________(敲) against my glasses so hard that I could hardly see anything. 14. The naughty boy ____________(躲藏) behind the door and waited for his friends to find him. 15. People were sleeping _____________(酣畅地) when the earthquake happened. 16. I was angry because the manager _____________(拒绝) to answer my questions. 17. The ____________(卫兵) stands at the gate every morning to keep people safe. 18. Students should get new _____________(知识) while reviewing the old one. 19. Lei Feng is one of my ____________(偶像) in my heart. 20. Good ____________(思考) helps you solve problems easily in your life. 21. The loud sounds of these fire ____________(警报) made everyone in the building shocked. 22. We could hear the ____________(雷声) clearly. 23. In the past, she often ___________(复习) her notes before going to bed. 24. We all hope to raise some money to help _____________(不幸的) children. 25. The _____________(志愿者) in my community are helping with neighbours’ problems now. Keys:1.earthquake; 2.interviewing; 3.reported; 4.flood; 5.neighborhood; 6.relatives; 7.preparations; 8.trucks; 9.terrible; 10.supplies; 11. power; 12.thick; 13.beat; 14.hid; 15.soundly; 16. refused; 17.guard; 18.knowledge; 19.heroes; 20.thinking; 21.alarms; 22.thunder; 23.reviewed; 24.unlucky; 25.volunteers 2、 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. We shouldn’t eat junk food, or we will _____________(probable) get sick. 2. Rita had a bad cold and the doctor advised her _____________(stay) at home. 3. My parents often warn me ____________(not play) computer games on weekdays. 4. You should be _____________(care) while driving and always follow traffic rules. 5. I ___________(surf) the internet at this time yesterday. 6. If you have trouble _____________(do) these things, you may ask your teacher for help. 7. I forgot my umbrella this morning, but ____________(luck), it didn’t rain. 8. To reach a goal, big or small, it is important _____________(take) the first step. 9. I ____________(play) the guitar when my brother came back. 10. While he ____________(wait) for the bus, I was reading the newspaper. 11. I ___________(listen) to music when the telephone rang last night. 12. -Did you notice a man passing by? -No. I ____________(talk) on the phone at that time. 13. Lisa ___________(watch) TV when she heard someone calling her name. 14. I was driving _______ usual when a dog ___________(run) across the road suddenly. 15. The babies _____________(sleep) while the mother was cooking. 16. Yesterday was ______________(bad) day for me-I missed the school bus. 17. I was worried I would be late for class, but _____________(thankful), the bus came just in time. 18. Alice will come to see you as soon as she ___________(arrive) in Shanghai. 19. While I ____________(read) in my room, I noticed something unusual outside. 20. John decided to go to America for ____________(far) study. 21. The problem is _____________(terrible) difficult for me to solve. 22. My parents always warn me ____________(not talk) with strangers on the internet. 23. The weather there is ____________(change), so you'd better take an umbrella with you. 24. The fan was too excited ____________(say) a word when meeting his favourite singer at the airport. 25. Tommy doesn't obey the rules at school and refuses _____________(do) any homework. Keys:1.probably; 2.to stay; 3.not to play; 4.careful; 5.was surfing; 6.doing; 7.luckily; 8.to take; 9.was playing; 10.was waiting; 11.was listening; 12.was talking; 13.was watching; 14.as, ran; 15.was sleeping; 16.the worst; 17.thankfully; 18.arrives; 19.was reading; 20.further; 21.terribly; 22.not to talk; 23.changeable; 24.to say; 25.to do; 3、 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。每词（组）限用一次。 rain cats and dogs at last one another go out heavy 1. Look! It's snowing ___________outside. Soon the world will be white. 2. I was waiting for the bus when it began to ____________. 3. Helen chose to study art in the college and became an artist ____________. 4. We should be polite and treat _____________with respect. 5. It's raining hard. Don't forget to take an umbrella when you _____________. Keys:1.heavily; 2.rain cats and dogs; 3.at last; 4.one another; 5.go out all of a sudden out of breath go wrong wake up go off 1. My computer ___________ again,so I bought a new one at last. 2. After running up the hill, he was ___________ and needed a moment to rest. 3. The loud noise often caused the baby ___________ from her sleep. 4. My alarm didn't ___________ this morning, so I was late for school. 5. The earthquake happened ____________,but luckily, no one was hurt. Keys:1.went wrong; 2.out of breath; 3.to wake up; 4.go off; 5.all of a sudden 四、用when或while 填空。 1. We were having a meeting __________ it began to snow last night. 2. I was washing my clothes ___________ the phone rang. 3. __________ I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night, Jenny was doing her homework. 4. They were watering flowers __________ I got to the garden. 5. Frank was taking notes ____________ the teacher was giving a lesson. Keys:1.when; 2.when; 3.While; 4.when; 5.while 五、根据句意，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 1. I'm really worried __________ the coming final exams. 2. We have nothing in common. _________ a result, we don't become friends. 3. _________ the time we finished our homework, it was already 9 o'clock in the evening. 4. The road was closed because ________ the heavy snow. 5. I wrote to her last month and I'm still waiting _________ her reply. Keys:1.about; 2.As; 3.By; 4.of; 5.for ( 课堂达标检测 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） A 一、词汇运用 A.将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 ( temper heavy nearly move deal with ) Last weekend, I experienced a rainstorm. The 1.____________ rainstorm hit our neighborhood. The wind blew so hard that a tree branch 2.__________ fell on the road, blocking our way home. My little brother started crying because he was scared, but my dad told him not to lose his 3.__________. He said staying calm would help us to 4.__________ the problem better. Our neighbors worked together and helped us —some 5.__________ the branch, and others helped check if we were hurt. Soon, the rain stopped. The sun came out, and our neighbourhood looked clean again. Keys:1.heavy; 2.nearly; 3.temper; 4.deal with; 5.moved B.阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 It was a quiet afternoon when I first heard the news about the typhoon. The weather report 1.__________ (警告) us several days ago, but I didn’t take it seriously. When the wind started to blow 2._____________(非常糟地), I was playing in my room as 3._____________(通常的). Soon, the sky turned dark, and the rain began to 4.__________ (敲打) the roof loudly. I ran to the living room and saw my mom closing all the windows tightly. She told me to stay away from them, as broken glass could hurt us. After the storm passed, I went outside with my dad. The 5._______________(街区) was in a mess. Fallen branches and leaves covered the ground, and some houses had broken windows. A few cars were broken by falling trees. We saw some people 6._____________(自愿做) to clear the roads, and everyone looked tired but hopeful. My dad said that natural disasters can teach us to make 7._______________(准备) for them.. Later that day, our teacher asked us to write about this experience. I realized how 8._____________(幸运的) we were to stay safe. This event also made me realize the 9.______________(重要性) of listening to weather reports. From then on, I always keep an eye on the forecast and prepare necessary 10.__________ (补给品) before bad weather comes. Keys:1.warned; 2.terribly; 3.usual; 4.beat; 5.neighborhood; 6.volunteering; 7.preparations; 8.lucky; 9.importance; 10.supplies 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式。 In recent years, the earth has been getting warmer and 1.____________(warm). The temperatures are 2.__________ (rise). Possibly this is natural, but probably we are causing it. Modern people drive a lot of cars. This puts carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the air and helps to make the planet warmer. When we hear the news, we may smile. No one 3. _____________ (like) long cold winters, but there are many bad points about a warmer earth. First, the ice at the Poles(极地) melts and becomes water 4.______________(quick). The result is that the sea level becomes higher. Low islands will be covered by water. Cities near the sea will be in danger from the sea. Will Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai become like parts of Holland-lower than the sea? Possibly we will have to build walls 5.____________(stop) the water. Typhoons will become even more dangerous and frightening. Sadly, the 6. _____________(two) point is that storms will become bigger. Super typhoons will be born in the Pacific and do something bad to East Asia. 7._________ same thing will happen to the Eastern United States. As the weather changes, some places that now have rain will become dry. The 8. _____________ (farm) will not be able to grow plants there. Maybe some dry places will become wet. And the change will cause many problems. There might be wars(战争) because 9.___________ it. When we use something, we should ask 10. __________ it is good for the environment first. Keys:1.warmer; 2.rising; 3.likes; 4.quickly; 5.to stop; 6.second; 7.The; 8.farmers; 9.of; 10.if/whether B 一、词汇运用 A. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）。 final, understand, volunteer, important, give up Dear Opal, This week I learned something 1 . I learned that everyone can make a big difference. Let me tell you how. It rained hard all week. Then last night, it became a flood. Mr. Ruiz found the problem right away. The flood wall in our neighborhood was about to burst! Everyone started to fill and stack(堆) sandbags. But the water was rising fast. More 2____ were needed, so I offered to help. We stacked hundreds of sandbags. But the situation didn’t improve. The water kept going higher and higher. Nobody 3 , though. We all did our duty and kept working hard. 4 , the rain stopped. We all cheered. Our neighborhood was saved! Boy, I was tired, but I felt good, too. My help made a difference and we all 5 the importance of working together. Your friend, Kemal Keys:1.important 2.volunteers 3.gave up 4.Finally 5.understood B. 根据下列文章及所给的汉语注释，写出各单词的正确、完全形式（每空限填一词）。 It started as a common afternoon. Students were reading in classrooms when the earth 1 (突然) began to shake. At 2:28 pm on May 12, 2008, a serious earthquake (地震) 2 (击；打) Wenchuan. Within seconds, almost all buildings fell down. Many people 3 (躺) under fallen buildings. The first hour after the earthquake was filled with scary silence. Those people who were disabled in the nursing homes couldn’t leave their beds. 4 (生病的) kids in the broken rooms of the hospitals weakly called for their parents. Those who survived (幸存) felt deeply 5 (孤独的), holding family photos in their arms. But hope arrived with the morning sun. Feeling worried but determined (坚定的), 6 (救援) teams rushed in from across China and 7 __(英雄) were everywhere. Kind neighbors 8 _(分享) their last bottles of water. Volunteers built places for the homeless. As weeks passed, the full truth about the earthquake came out— 9 (几乎) 69,000 lives lost, but a great number of miracles (奇迹) too. A mother protected her baby under her body for three days. A teacher saved all his students by holding the classroom door open. Today, new schools stand where fallen houses once were. The lesson remains clear: When darkness falls and people get into 10 (麻烦), human courage always lights the way. Keys:1.suddenly; 2.hit; 3.lay; 4.Sick; 5.lonely; 6.rescue; 7.heroes; 8.shared; 9.nearly; 10.trouble 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt 1 midnight. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area. Everyone in the neighbourhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting 2 (piece) of wood over the windows while his mum 3 (make) sure the flashlights and radio were working. She also put some candles and matches on the table. Ben was helping his mum make dinner when 4 rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they tried to play a card game,   5 it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben could not sleep at first. He 6 (final) fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun 7 (rise). He went outside with his family and found the neighbourhood in a mess. Fallen trees, 8 (break) windows and rubbish were everywhere. They joined the neighbours 9 (help) clean up the neighbourhood together. Although the storm broke many things apart, it 10 (bring) families and neighbours closer together. Keys:1．like 2．pieces 3．were working 4．the 5．but 6．finally 7．was rising 8．broken 9．to help 10．brought ( C专题 —— 过去进行时 ) ( 专题导入 )（课堂精粹~） ( 考点分析 ) Let’s learn: What were you doing? I was reading at the time of rainstorm. I was running along the beach. I was drinking at that time. 过去进行时=(过去某个时间，正在做的事) 三个趣味场景： 1.突然被打断 I was watching TV when the phone rang. 我正在看电视，电话突然响了。 2.回忆过去某个时刻“当时正在...” What were you doing at 8 last night? 昨晚8点你正在干嘛？ 3.过一段时间一直在做 We were studying all afternoon. 我们整个下午一直在学习。 1.过去进行时的句子结构 （1）肯定句 主语+be(was,were) +动词ing形式 I was reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我在读书。 （2）否定句 主语+be(was,were)+not +动词ing形式 I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我没有读书。 （3）一般疑问句 Be(was,were) +主语+动词ing形式? Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗? （4）特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing形式? What were you doing at 7:00 yesterday morning? 昨天早上7点你正在做什么? 【重中之重】 时间标志词： 1. 【过去某一时刻】 at that time/moment；at+时刻+yesterday；at 9 last night；the day before yesterday 2. 【过去某段时间】 from ... to...+过去时间；all the morning；last month/year；the whole afternoon 3. 【过去时的时间状语从句】 when/while/as等引导的时间状语从句 2.过去进行时的具体用法 1. 描述过去特定时刻正在进行的动作 表示在过去的某一具体时间点（通常由时间状语指明）动作正在进行。 At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.（昨晚八点，我正在看电视。） What were you doing when I called?（我打电话时，你正在做什么？） 2. 描述过去特定时间段内持续进行的动作 表示在过去的某一段持续时间内，动作一直在持续。 He was working on his project all day yesterday.（他昨天一整天都在做项目。） They were traveling in Europe during the summer.（整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。） 3. 作为故事背景，为另一动作的发生提供场景 常用于叙述中，用过去进行时描述“背景”，用一般过去时描述“背景中发生的具体事件”。 It was raining heavily when we left the house.（我们离开家时，正下着大雨。） While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend.（我正在公园散步时，遇到了一位老朋友。） 4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作 用 while 或 as 连接两个过去进行时的句子。 My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking.（我爸爸在看报纸，而我妈妈在做饭。） 5. 表示过去暂时的或未完成的动作 强调动作在当时是临时的、正在进行但未结束的状态。 I was living in London in 2015.（2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。）（暗示是暂时的） 对比：I lived in London for 5 years.（我在伦敦住了5年。）（用一般过去时，表示一个完成的、持续的事实） 6. 与“always”等词连用，表示过去反复发生的习惯性动作（常含感情色彩） 表达赞赏、批评或抱怨等情绪。 He was always helping others.（他过去总是帮助别人。）（赞赏） She was constantly complaining about her job.（她过去老是抱怨她的工作。）（厌烦） 3.现在分词(-ing)的变化规则 ①直接+ing play—playing ；study—studying ②以不发音e结尾的动词，去e+ing take—taking ；dance—dancing ③重读闭音节的动词，双写末尾字母+ing cut—cutting ；swim—swimming ④以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y+ing lie—lying ；die—dying ；tie—tying 【易错提醒1】when与while的区别 when和while “当...时候” 都可作连词，引导时间状语从句。 ☆看例句， 找规律： ( It was snowing when he arrived at the station. When/While it was snowing , he arrived at the station. While I was waiting for the bus, my mom was sleeping. ) 【总结】 1) 延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。 非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。如：start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。 2)when既指时间点，又指时间段； when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是瞬间性动词，也可以是延续性动词； when引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，也可以用过去进行时。 3)while只表示一段时间； while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词； 强调从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时，多用while引导从句。 【记忆口诀】 when后可长亦可短， while后面只可长； 若是两边都为长， 中间while来帮忙; when多接一般过去时， while常跟进行时。 注意：有时when可以代替while，而while 则不能代替when。 【易错提醒2】 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有： 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。 2. 部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 3. 感官动词，如see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste 等。 4. 短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。 【拓展1】while 表示转折、对比的用法 1. 表示对比（“而，然而”） I like tea, while my sister prefers coffee. 我喜欢茶，而我妹更喜欢咖啡。 2. 表示让步转折（“虽然，尽管”）位于句首，相当于 although。 While the task is difficult, we must finish it on time. 尽管任务很困难，我们必须按时完成。 【拓展2】 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 ( 考点突破 ) 一、小试牛刀：句式转换 将句子He was doing his homework.进行句式变化 1.否定句：____________________________ 2.一般疑问句：________________________ 3.特殊疑问句（对划线提问）：___________ Keys:1.He was not doing his homework. 2.Was he doing his homework? 3.What was he doing? 二、请用 when 或 while 填空。 1. I was reading a book ______ the phone rang. 2. ______ I was reading a book, my sister was watching TV. 3. He fell asleep ______ he was listening to music. 4. ______ I arrived home, it started to rain heavily. 5. Please don’t talk so loudly ______ others are working. 6. What were you doing ______ the teacher came in? 7. ____________ I lived in the countryside, I learned a lot about farming. 8. My father was reading newspaper __________ my mother was cooking. Keys:1.when; 2.While; 3.while/when; 4.When; 5.while; 6.when; 7.When/While; 8.while 三、用所给词适当形式填空。 1. What ________ you ________ (do) when the typhoon came? 2. While my father ____________ (check) the weather, my mother was cooking. 3. They ____________ (play) basketball at that time yesterday. 4. When I ________ (arrive), it was raining heavily. 5. She ____________ (sleep) while I was reading. 6. The wind ____________ (blow) strongly when we went out. 7. My sister __________________ (not watch) TV at 8 last night. 8. ________ it ____________ (snow) when you got up this morning? Keys:1.were, doing; 2.was checking; 3.were playing; 4.arrived; 5.was sleeping; 6.was blowing; 7.wasn’t watching; 8.Was snowing ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 一、Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form. Lucy broke (break) her arm last week. It happened (happen) when she was painting (paint) her room. She fell(fall) off the ladder. Yesterday Sue was walking (walk) along the road when she met(meet) James. He was going (go) to the station to catch a train and he was carrying (carry) a bag. They stopped (stop) to talk for a few minutes. 二、Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. When/While they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. When they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some were starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 三、根据句意填写单词的正确形式 1．Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 【答案】was listening 【详解】句意：李明今天早上七点半正在听新闻。根据“at half past seven this morning”这一具体时间点，可知此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语Li Ming是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，listen的现在分词是listening。故填was listening。   2．Millie (watch) TV when lightning hit a nearby building. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：当闪电击中附近的建筑物时，米莉正在看电视。根据“when lightning hit a nearby building”可知，此处强调闪电发生时“看电视”的动作正在进行，用过去进行时“was/were+现在分词”，主语Millie是第三人称单数，be动词用was，watch的现在分词为watching，符合语境。故填was watching。 3．While (walk) in the park, we saw many beautiful flowers. 【答案】walking 【详解】句意：在公园里散步时，我们看到了许多美丽的花。 walk“散步”，此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，完整句子应为“While we were walking in the park”，当主从句主语一致且从句含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词，故填walking。 4．They didn’t notice me come in because they (play) computer games. 【答案】were playing 【详解】句意：他们没有注意到我进来，因为他们正在玩电脑游戏。根据“They didn’t notice me come in because they...computer games”可知，此处要表达“他们没注意到是因为他们正在玩电脑游戏”，因此时态用过去进行时，主语是they，be动词用were，play现在分词是playing。故填were playing。 5．I (chat) with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in. 【答案】was chatting 【详解】句意：当我妈妈进来的时候，我正在网上和我的朋友们聊天。根据“I ... with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in.”可知，这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，强调主句动作（chat）在从句动作（came in）发生时正在进行，从句时态为一般过去时，主句需用过去进行时，主句主语是I，be动词要用was，chat的现在分词为chatting。故填was chatting。 6．I (check) the map at that moment and didn’t notice the red light. 【答案】was checking 【详解】句意：那时我正在查看地图，没注意到红灯。根据“at that moment”可知句子用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语“I”是第一人称单数，用“was checking”。故填was checking。 7．Mike’s teacher took a photo of him when he (run) at the sports meeting. 【答案】was running 【详解】句意：Mike在运动会上跑步时，他的老师给他拍了一张照片。when引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，强调跑步的动作在拍照的那一刻正在进行，结构为was/were+doing，主语he为单数，be动词用was，run的现在分词为running。故填was running。 8．The shopkeeper (talk) with an old woman when I went into the shop. 【答案】was talking 【详解】句意：我走进店里的时候，那位店员正在和一位一位老妇人说话。根据“when I went into the shop.”可知，此处强调过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，主句应用过去进行时，主语为The shopkeeper，be动词用was，talk的现在分词为talking。故填was talking。 9．These housewives (learn) how to cook healthy food for their kids at that time. 【答案】were learning 【详解】句意：这些家庭主妇当时正在学习如何为他们的孩子做健康的食物。根据“at that time”可知，本句应使用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing，主语是These housewives，用were，learn用V-ing形式。故填were learning。 10．While we (have) lunch, Tom was reading a story. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：当我们吃午饭时，汤姆正在读一个故事。根据“while”可知，引导时间状语从句，从句时态用进行时，主句时态是过去进行时，因此此处从句时态是过去进行时，主语是we，were having符合句意，故填were having。 ( T能力 —— 书面表达：自然灾害 ) 　 本单元的主题是“自然灾害”,要求学生以第一人称叙事,结合过去进行时,生动展现一天中因天气或灾害引发的系列事件。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①以时间为线索,描述从清晨到晚上的具体经历;②运用“while+过去进行时”“when+一般过去时/过去进行时”等结构,衔接事件发展;③融入环境描写和个人感受。 在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式常为“关于自然灾害的经历”或“介绍某一种灾害,并提出应对措施”。通常需要涵盖的内容包括:明确事件发生的时间、地点和经过,用过去进行时串联不同时段的行为,加入环境描写与个人心理活动,通过事件结尾的感悟升华主题;描述灾害的类型,列举预防和保护措施,呼吁大家保护自身安全。 1.写作实例 2025年5月12日是第17个全国防灾减灾日,结合你所经历的一次自然灾害,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈令你印象深刻的事以及你的感受。 要求:1.词数不少于80;2.语言流畅,书写规范,卷面整洁;3.短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文　2.时态:以一般过去时为主　3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句:①hit one’s hometown侵袭某人的家乡　 ②turn everything upside down 把一切弄得乱七八糟　 ③in the distance在远处　 ④pour down (雨)倾盆而下　 ⑤struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ⑥in an instant立即,马上 ⑦This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared.这一天让我见识到大自然的力量以及做好准备的重要性。 ⑧It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart.这真的是值得铭记的一天,在我心中留下了深刻的印记。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 In my memory, countless days have passed by, but there’s one day I’ll never forget—the day a huge rainstorm unexpectedly hit my hometown, turning everything upside down. It started early in the morning. When I was cheerfully getting ready for school, dark clouds suddenly covered the sky like a giant black blanket. Thunder rumbled in the distance. Soon, heavy rain poured down. The raindrops were as big as coins. While I was struggling to walk to school with an umbrella, strong winds, as if they were angry beasts, blew it away in an instant. I got completely wet. Classes were canceled because of the rising flood. I felt so scared that I held my mom's hand tightly, hoping the rainstorm would stop soon. This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared. It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart. ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 假如你是李明，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇英语发言稿，讲述那场灾害发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示： 1.灾害的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后情况的描述； 4.从中学到的经验或你的感悟。 注意： 1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80(首句已为你写好，不计入总词数)。 Hello, I’m Li Ming. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作提示】 1.主题：介绍某次自然灾害发生期间的经历 2.人称：以第一人称为主 3.时态：以一般过去时为主 4.要点：灾害发生的时间、地点、类型及影响；人们对灾害的反应；灾后克服困难的过程；获得的经验或感悟 5.写作思路：开篇引出灾害的类型、发生时间及地点，主体部分描述灾害发生的过程、人们的反应及灾后恢复过程，结尾说明从灾害中学到的经验或感悟。 【范文】 Hello, I’m Li Ming. Three years ago, a terrible earthquake hit our city.  While I was having a maths class, the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. My classmates and I rushed out of the classroom at once. I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. One of my friends found me. We stayed together and helped each other. Later, volunteers came, and we got out of danger. I broke my left leg in the earthquake. Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. Life slowly went back to normal. This disaster has taught me that we should always stay calm, face it with courage, and never give up. ( 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $