Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B Vocabulary in use 知识点讲义+当堂检测 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B词汇应用，系统梳理volunteer、terribly等核心词汇，go off、wake up等短语动词，too...to...等句型结构。以课文原句为起点，按“词汇用法解析—短语多义拓展—句型转换应用—综合检测巩固”的学习支架展开，构建从基础理解到灵活运用的知识脉络。 知识链路特色鲜明，通过语境例句强化语言能力，对比辨析（如usual/common）培养思维品质，随堂练习与检测卷形成“学练结合”闭环。每个知识点含词形变化、用法拓展及易错提示，助力学生掌握科学学习方法，提升词汇应用与综合语言运用能力。

新人教版英语八年级下册教材同步辅导 Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B Vocabulary in Use 课本知识点及扩展 1. Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe. 5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者共同努力保护人民及其家园的安全 P48 2c volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者；自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 [名词用法] 志愿者 例句：All over the world on World Animal Day, volunteers raise money for animal centers. 在世界动物日，全世界的志愿者为动物中心筹集资金。 [动词用法] 自愿做；义务做 volunteer as... 自愿充当…… volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；义务做某事 ① I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend. 上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 ② We volunteered to clean up our city park. 我们自愿打扫城市公园。 ③ He volunteered his services as a driver. 他自愿服务充当司机。 【随堂小练习】 1.Many __________ (volunteer) came to help clean the park last week. 2.She volunteered __________ (help) the old people in the nursing home. 3.He volunteered __________ a teacher in a small village. 4.The students ________________ (volunteer) to plant trees on the hill at 3 p.m. yesterday. 2. Last Friday started terribly. 上周五开始很糟糕。 P49 3a terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常 词形变化：由形容词 terrible（糟糕的；极度的）变 e 为 -y 构成。 用法： ①非常糟地；严重地（本义） 例句：I slept terribly last night because of the noise. 昨晚我睡得特别差，因为太吵了。 ②很，非常（口语中表示程度，相当于 very） 例句：I'm terribly sorry—did I hurt you? 非常抱歉，我伤着您了吗？ 【随堂小练习】 1.The food tasted _________(terrible). 2.I'm _________ (terrible)sorry to hear that. 3.He felt _________ (terrible)ill yesterday. 4.Today will not be __________________(terrible) than yesterday. 3. First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先，我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒得很晚，不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。P49 3a Point 1 go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响。在此为不及物动词短语，其后不可接宾语。 Did the alarm go off just now? 闹钟刚刚响了吗？ This morning the smoke alarm went off. 今天早上烟雾警报器响了。 【拓展】go off 的其他常见义项： 离开（尤指去做某事） She went off to get a drink. 她拿饮料去了。 （质量）下降 His books have gone off in recent years. 他近年来写的书质量下降了。 （电）中断；（电灯）熄灭 Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。 （食物、饮料）变质，变坏 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。 注意：go off 是中考高频短语，不同场景下的含义差别很大，尤其是 “闹钟响”“食物变质”“灯熄灭” 这几个用法，是完形填空和阅读理解里的常客哦。 【随堂小练习】 1. My alarm clock ______ at 6:00 every morning. A. goes off B. goes up C. goes out D. goes over 2.Don't eat the meat. It has ______ in such hot weather. A. gone out B. gone off C. gone up D. gone down 3.Suddenly all the lights ______ and the room became dark. A. went off B. went on C. went up D. went away 4.She ______ to the shop and left her little brother at home. A. went off B. woke up C. got up D. grew up 5.The milk will ______ quickly if you don't put it in the fridge. A. go off B. go up C. go on D. go over Point 2 wake up 醒来 在此作不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。 When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine was shining in through her bedroom window. 第二天早上，当娜娜醒来时，阳光透过她的卧室窗户照了进来。（2025 陕西中考） 注意：wake的过去式为woke, 过去分词为woken. 【拓展】wake up 还可作及物动词短语，意为 “叫醒……”。为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，其后可接宾语。 wake + 名词 + up = wake up + 名词 wake + 人称代词 + up （代词只能放中间） Could you wake Dad up (= wake up Dad) at 7? He has an early meeting. 你能7点叫醒爸爸吗？他有个早会。 The alarm clock wakes me up at seven every morning. 闹钟每天早晨7点把我叫醒。 【随堂小练习】 1.I usually ______ at 6:30 every morning. A. wake up B. put up C. pick up D. give up 2.Please ______ at 7:00 tomorrow. I have an early meeting. A. wake up me B. wake me up C. wake I up D. wake up I 3.We plan to ________ a new tent by the lake for our camping trip. A. set up B. put up C. get up D. wake up 4.As soon as the sun comes out, birds ______ and start singing. A. wake up B. stay up C. grow up D. dress up 5.They decided to ________ a new school to help the poor children. A. put up B. set up C. go up D. give up 6.He ____________ (wake up) late this morning, so he missed the first class. 7.She ____________ (not wake up) until her mother called her this morning. 4. …so I was reviewing my notes while I was waiting for my bus. …… 所以我在等公共汽车的时候复习笔记。P49 3a review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 复习；回顾；复查 n. 回顾；审查；评论 由 “re-(再、重新、又一次；返回、回) + view (v. 仔细察看；观看)” 构成。 v. （尤指为准备考试而）复习 We should review what we have learned after class. 回顾，反思 He often reviews his career (职业) choices. 复查 The lawyer (律师)decided to review the evidence（证据） of this case. n. 回顾 The meeting started with a review of the year. 审查 She sent us her review of the research（研究）. （对图书、电影等的）评论（如书评 / 影评） Our teacher asked us to write a book review after reading. 【随堂小练习】 1.We should __________ what we have learned before the exam. A. repeat B. review C. remember D. return 2.He wrote a book __________ about the new novel. A. review B. decision C. reason D. plan 3.The committee（委员会）will __________ the new rules next week. A. refuse B. guard C. review D. rush 4.Let's have a quick __________ of the key points in this unit. A. knowledge B. review C. volunteer D. breath 5. All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky. 突然，雷声响彻天空。 P49 3a sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的。其副词形式为 suddenly“突然；骤然”。 all of a sudden“突然；猛地”，有时可与 suddenly 互换。 ▸ There was a sudden change in the weather. 天气突变。（作定语） ▸ His leave was very sudden. 他的离开很突然。（作表语） ▸ All of a sudden / Suddenly, the house started shaking. 突然，整栋房子开始摇晃。 【随堂小练习】 1.________, it began to rain heavily on my way to school. A. Sudden B. Suddenly C. Terrible D. Terribly 2.There was a ________ change in the weather yesterday. A. suddenly B. sudden C. slowly D. quick 3.He turned around ________ and scared me. A. sudden B. suddenly C. usually D. quietly 4.All of a ________, the lights went off. A. sudden B. suddenly C. surprise D. surprisingly 5.The car stopped ________ in the middle of the road. A. sudden B. suddenly C. terrible D. terribly 6.______________(sudden), the car stopped in the middle of the road. 7.______________(sudden), it began to rain heavily. 6. The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella! 风太大了,我没法打伞! P49 3a too + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. 太……（某人）不能…… 该结构为肯定形式表达否定含义。 ▸ The room is too small to hold ten people. 这个房间太小,容纳不了十个人。 ▸ The problem is too hard for them to solve. 这个问题太难了,他们解决不了。 【拓展】(1) too...to... 与 so...that... 的转换。 ▸ She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can't go to school. 她太小了,不能去上学。 (2) too...to... 与 not... enough to... 的转换。 ▸ The problem is too difficult for me to work out. = The problem isn't easy enough for me to work out. 这道题对我来说太难了,我做不出来。 (3) 在too...to...结构中,如果too前面有not、never等词,此结构表示肯定意义。 【谚语】You're never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 【随堂小练习】 1.The girl is ______ young ______ dress herself. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. very; that 2.The room isn't big ______ ______ hold 50 people. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that 3.The movie was ______ boring ______ we fell asleep halfway. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. very; to 4.The car isn't ______ fast ______ catch up with the train. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that 5.He is too short _________ reach the top of the shelf. 6.She is so kind ______ everyone likes her. 7. There was a landslide along our usual road. 在我们平时走的路上有滑坡。 P49 3a usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 unusual adj. 不寻常的 → 其前的不定冠词应用an usual adj. 通常的；寻常的 → 1.其前的不定冠词应用a；2. as usual 像往常一样；照例 usually adv. 通常地 ▸ It is an unusual experience for me. 这对我来说是一次不寻常的经历。 ▸ As usual, he arrived late. 像往常一样，他迟到了。 【辨析】usual / common / ordinary / normal usual 习惯性、平时常发生的，惯例的 as usual 像往常一样 common 普遍的、常见的，人人都有、随处可见 common mistake 常见错误 ordinary 普通的、平凡的，没有特别之处，平平无奇 an ordinary person 普通人 normal 正常的、符合标准的，不反常、正规的 abnormal 反常的 【随堂小练习】 1.As ______, my father reads newspapers after breakfast. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 2.It's ______ to see this kind of birds in the forest. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 3.He is just an ______ worker, not a famous man. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 4.Your body temperature is ______. You don't need to see a doctor. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 5.It's ______ for him to get up late on weekends. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 6.Traffic accidents are ______ in this busy street. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 7..She lives a quiet and ______ life in the countryside. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 8.Don't worry. It's ______ to feel nervous before exams. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 9.I _________ (usual)walk my dog in the park after dinner. 10._________(usual), I go to the gym three times a week. 8. When I finally reached my classroom, out of breath, my teacher was already waiting at the door. 当我上气不接下气地终于到达教室时,我的老师已经在门口等着了。 P49 3a out of breath 上气不接下气。 breath 在此作名词,意为“呼吸”。 ▸ At the end of the race the winner was out of breath. 比赛结束时获胜者已经上气不接下气了。 【拓展】 (1)与 breath 相关的其他短语: be short of breath 呼吸困难 hold one's breath 屏气 take a (deep) breath (深)吸一口气 (2) breathe [动词] 呼吸 ▸ Take a moment to breathe deeply, and then you'll be relaxed. 深呼吸一会儿,然后你就会放松下来。 【随堂小练习】 1.After running to the bus stop, I was completely out of __________ (breathe). 2.When you feel nervous, stop and take __________ deep breath. 3.The little boy held his __________ (breathe) when he saw the big dog. 4.It's difficult for the old man __________ (breathe) because of the bad air. 5.After the 800-meter race, she was short __________ breath. 9. As a result, she said we weren't having a test after all! 结果她竟然说我们没有考试! P49 3a as a result 因此，结果 【辨析】as a result 与 as a result of as a result 因此,结果 表示结果,其后一般用逗号隔开。 as a result of 因为,由于 表示原因,相当于 because of,后常跟名词、代词。 ▸ Daming got up late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 大明今天起晚了,结果没有赶上头班车。 ▸ Bill was late as a result of the heavy snow. 由于大雪,比尔迟到了。 【随堂小练习】 用 as a result 和 as a result of 填空。 (1)He trained hard; ______________, he won the match. (2)______________ the snowstorm, the flights were put off. 10. What luck on my unlucky day! 在不幸运的一天是多么幸运啊! P49 3a unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 由“否定前缀 un- + lucky(adj. 幸运的)”构成，其前的不定冠词应用an。 ▸ He was unlucky to lose the match. 他很不幸地输掉了比赛。 ▸ In some Western countries, people think 13 is an unlucky number. 在一些西方国家,人们认为 13 是个不吉利的数字。 unlucky词形变化： luck n. 运气 → lucky adj. 幸运的 → luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的（反义词）→ unlucky adj. 不幸的 luckily adv. 幸运地（反义词）→ unluckily adv. 不幸地 【随堂小练习】 1. I had no _________ in finding my lost key. 2.It is _________ to walk under a ladder in some cultures. 3._________, I caught the last bus home. 4.He fell off his bike, but _________, he wasn't hurt badly. 5.It was _____ unlucky day for him—he lost his wallet and missed the train. 6._________, it began to rain heavily when we were having a picnic. 11. What happened or went wrong because of the bad weather? 由于天气不好,发生了什么事或出了什么问题? P49 3c go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 常用结构为“Something/Anything/Nothing goes wrong (with...)”。 ▸ Something has gone wrong with my computer. It doesn't work. 我的电脑出故障了,它不工作了。 ▸ Nothing went wrong with the surgery. 手术很顺利。 ▸ The project failed. What went wrong? 项目失败了。哪里出了问题? Section B Vocabulary in Use 当堂检测卷 满分：50 分 时间：15 分钟 一、语法填空（15 小题，每空 2 分，共 30 分） 用括号内单词适当形式填空，或填入合适的冠词、介词、连词。 1.Many ________ (volunteer) came to help people in need after the disaster. 2.She volunteered ________ (help) clean the street every weekend. 3.I slept ________ (terrible) last night, so I feel tired today. 4.It is a ________ (terrible) storm and many trees fall down. 5.My alarm clock didn't ________ (go) off, so I was late. 6.He ________ (wake) up late this morning and missed the early bus. 7.Please wake ________ (she) up. It's time for class. 8.Students should ________ (review) their lessons after school. 9.________ (sudden), a big dog ran out of the house. 10.There was a ________ (sudden) heavy rain on my way to school. 11.The box is too heavy for me ________ (carry). 12.I ________ (usual) go to school on foot. 13.After running, he was out of ________ (breathe). 14.He worked hard; ________ a result, he passed the exam easily. 15.It is ________ unlucky day for me to lose my new pen. 二、完形填空（10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分） Last Friday was really a (n) 1 ________day for me. Everything went wrong. First, my alarm didn't 2. ________.I 3________ up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 4________, I missed the bus. I had to walk to school, so I arrived late. When I got to school, I was out of 5________. Our teacher was waiting at the door. I thought we would have a test. I felt worried, because I didn't 6________ my notes last night. 7________, our teacher said we weren't having a test after all. At noon, the weather changed 8________. Heavy thunder rolled across the sky. The wind was 9________ strong that I couldn't use my umbrella. It was a bad day, but I still felt a little lucky. Nothing 10_______ too wrong in the end. 1.A. lucky B. unlucky C. usual D. unusual 2.A. go off B. go out C. go up D. go over 3.A. wake B. wakes C. woke D. will wake 4.A. Luckily B. Unluckily C. Usually D. Suddenly 5.A. breath B. breathe C. breaths D. breathing 6.A. review B. copy C. write D. check 7.A. As a result of B. Because of C. As a result D. So that 8.A. suddenly B. sudden C. slowly D. terribly 9.A. too B. so C. very D. quite 10.A. go B. goes C. went D. will go 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $