Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B Vocabulary in use 知识点讲义+当堂检测 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 5  Nature's Temper

Section B  Vocabulary in Use

课本知识点及扩展

 

1.  Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe. 5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者共同努力保护人民及其家园的安全 P48  2c

 

volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/  n. 志愿者；自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做

[名词用法] 志愿者

例句：All over the world on World Animal Day, volunteers raise money for animal centers.

在世界动物日，全世界的志愿者为动物中心筹集资金。

[动词用法] 自愿做；义务做

volunteer as... 自愿充当……

volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；义务做某事

① I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.

上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。

② We volunteered to clean up our city park.    我们自愿打扫城市公园。

③ He volunteered his services as a driver.   他自愿服务充当司机。

【随堂小练习】

1.Many __________ (volunteer) came to help clean the park last week.

2.She volunteered __________ (help) the old people in the nursing home.

3.He volunteered __________ a teacher in a small village.

4.The students ________________ (volunteer) to plant trees on the hill at 3 p.m. yesterday.

2.  Last Friday started terribly.  上周五开始很糟糕。 P49  3a

 

terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常

词形变化：由形容词 terrible（糟糕的；极度的）变 e 为 -y 构成。

用法：

①非常糟地；严重地（本义）

例句：I slept terribly last night because of the noise.

昨晚我睡得特别差，因为太吵了。

②很，非常（口语中表示程度，相当于 very）

例句：I'm terribly sorry—did I hurt you?    非常抱歉，我伤着您了吗？

【随堂小练习】

1.The food tasted _________(terrible).

2.I'm _________ (terrible)sorry to hear that.

3.He felt _________ (terrible)ill yesterday.

4.Today will not be __________________(terrible) than yesterday.

3.  First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 

首先，我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒得很晚，不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。P49  3a

 

Point 1 go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响。在此为不及物动词短语，其后不可接宾语。

Did the alarm go off just now? 闹钟刚刚响了吗？

This morning the smoke alarm went off. 今天早上烟雾警报器响了。

【拓展】go off 的其他常见义项：

离开（尤指去做某事）	She went off to get a drink.   她拿饮料去了。
（质量）下降	His books have gone off in recent years. 他近年来写的书质量下降了。
（电）中断；（电灯）熄灭	Suddenly the lights went off.   灯突然熄灭了。
（食物、饮料）变质，变坏	Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。

注意：go off 是中考高频短语，不同场景下的含义差别很大，尤其是 “闹钟响”“食物变质”“灯熄灭” 这几个用法，是完形填空和阅读理解里的常客哦。

【随堂小练习】

1. My alarm clock ______ at 6:00 every morning.

A. goes off     B. goes up     C. goes out      D. goes over

2.Don't eat the meat. It has ______ in such hot weather.

A. gone out    B. gone off    C. gone up    D. gone down

3.Suddenly all the lights ______ and the room became dark.

A. went off    B. went on    C. went up    D. went away

4.She ______ to the shop and left her little brother at home.

A. went off    B. woke up    C. got up    D. grew up

5.The milk will ______ quickly if you don't put it in the fridge.

A. go off    B. go up    C. go on    D. go over

Point 2 wake up 醒来   在此作不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。

When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine was shining in through her bedroom

window.

第二天早上，当娜娜醒来时，阳光透过她的卧室窗户照了进来。（2025 陕西中考）

注意：wake的过去式为woke, 过去分词为woken.

【拓展】wake up 还可作及物动词短语，意为 “叫醒……”。为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，其后可接宾语。

wake + 名词 + up = wake up + 名词

wake + 人称代词 + up  （代词只能放中间）

Could you wake Dad up (= wake up Dad) at 7? He has an early meeting.

你能7点叫醒爸爸吗？他有个早会。

The alarm clock wakes me up at seven every morning.   闹钟每天早晨7点把我叫醒。

【随堂小练习】

1.I usually ______ at 6:30 every morning.

A. wake up  B. put up   C. pick up    D. give up

2.Please ______ at 7:00 tomorrow. I have an early meeting.

A. wake up me    B. wake me up   C. wake I up     D. wake up I

3.We plan to ________ a new tent by the lake for our camping trip.

A. set up    B. put up    C. get up    D. wake up

4.As soon as the sun comes out, birds ______ and start singing.

A. wake up   B. stay up    C. grow up    D. dress up

5.They decided to ________ a new school to help the poor children.

A. put up    B. set up    C. go up      D. give up

6.He ____________ (wake up) late this morning, so he missed the first class.

7.She ____________ (not wake up) until her mother called her this morning.

4.  …so I was reviewing my notes while I was waiting for my bus. …… 所以我在等公共汽车的时候复习笔记。P49  3a

 

review /rɪˈvjuː/   v. 复习；回顾；复查     n. 回顾；审查；评论

由 “re-(再、重新、又一次；返回、回) + view (v. 仔细察看；观看)” 构成。

v.	（尤指为准备考试而）复习	We should review what we have learned after class.
	回顾，反思	He often reviews his career (职业) choices.
	复查	The lawyer (律师)decided to review the evidence（证