2026届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解应用文阅读及解题技巧课件

高考应用文阅读 及解题技巧 应用文的特点： 1、语言简练，人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多； 2、行文通常以排列式为主——即以标题+小标题形 式展开。 应用文阅读方法及解题技巧：三步走 Step 1. 跳读文章标题及每个小标题，或阅读文章首段——确定本篇应用文及每个段落的写作目的（广告类） Step 2. 圈。明确3道设问的题干意思及圈出关键词（包括wh-等疑问词、人名、地名、时间状语等） Step 3. 定&比。比将题干中的关键词带入原文锁定其位置（通过小标题可快速判断）。将关键词所在句、所在段落的细节描述与4个选项比对，得出答案。 高考说明文阅读 及解题技巧 Exposition to introduce to describe an object a research report\finding a social phenomenon 说明文 purpose 研究发现类 subject(说明对象） 11 What is the structure of an exposition like? in your eyes in the author’s eyes 12 ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. Activity 1 To learn and understand Topic sentence A finding:The effect of “Wisdom of crowds” Tip:要准确把握研究报告类说明文的主题，首段是关键，阅读过程要特别留意语篇标志词（如Though,however,but等）的含义，还要留意 “new research/recent study/survey/evidence/scientists”以及 believe/find/think/show/suggest/indicate/reveal等引出观点与研究的标志词。 ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. The principle of the effect A new study with further finding Activity 1 To learn and understand Tip: 关注段落主题句，有助于理清文章脉络。常见说明方法有：解释，分析过程法，列事实，举例子，做调查，试验，对比分析，列数据，引用之前研究等。 ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. Follow-up study &Evaluation Activity 1 To learn and understand Tip: 研究类说明文通常在文章最后一段（或段中）说明研究意义，并在结尾重申研究结论，或展望未来，或提出建议，或后续研究，或呼吁行动等 Task2:Summarize the text structure and locate the answer to each quesion. Para1: A finding:The effect of “Wisdom of crowds” 1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? 2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. 3.What did the follow-up study focus on? 4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’studies? Structure Questions 题目命在语篇结构的主线上 Para2:The principle of the effect Para3:A new study with further finding Para4:Follow-up study &Evaluation 高考记叙文阅读 及解题技巧 定义 记叙文是指一种叙述__________、___________ 的文章体裁，以______、______、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式。 事件的经过 人物经历及成就 写人 记事 分类 记事 写人 一次经历 (an experience) 一个故事 (a story) 人物故事 ( a man with great spirits ) 名人传记 (biography) 1. 记事类 bring out the topic点题 Ending 结局 conclusion升华主题 2. 写人 引出人物 人物生平、成就等 人物影响 记叙文篇章结构特征 Development 发展 beginning开端 Climax 高潮 重难点 强调对细节理解的考察 [经典案例]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·A) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes. Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5－hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的MacBike 租赁公司提供的特色租赁服务、价格和自行车之旅。 21．What is an advantage of MacBike? A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes. C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2,500 rental shops. [解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排档), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes”可知，MacBike最大的优势在于它提供的自行车类型多，“a wide variety”与“many types of”是同义替换。故选B。 22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. [解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段的表格，可知一天是14.75欧元，再加一天是8欧元，所以是14.75＋8＝ 22.75欧元。故选C。 23．Where does the guided city tour start? A．The Gooyer Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge. C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square. [解析]　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The tour departs from Dam Square”可知，departs from 和start是同义替换，是从Dam Square出发，故选D。 $