2026届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题之细节理解题技巧 课件

高考英语阅读理解 之细节理解题解题策略 Strategies for Reading Comprehension —Questions of Details 1 Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson, you will be able to: 1. Be clear about the requirements and the tendency of reading comprehension in College Entrance Examination. 2. Master the strategies of such kind of exercises. 3. Use the strategies properly and solve the problems accurately. 2 PART I 明考情 The regular pattern of reading comprehension 考什么 重点考查5种能力，考查考生： ① 从阅读材料中获取具体信息的能力 ② 分析综合信息的能力 ③ 理解主旨要义的能力 ④ 推断归纳的能力 ⑤ 根据上下文推断词义的能力(同时包含 学习和思辨素养的考查内容) 阅 读 理 解 怎 么 考 材料 两个出处 ①英语原版书箱 ②国外期刊网站 三大主题 ①人与自我 ②人与社会 ③人与自然 三大特征 ①渗透五育并举(育人价值) ②涵盖家国情怀(文化自信) ③关注全球议题(国际视野) 六种体裁 ①应用文 ②记叙文 ③说明文 ④议论文 ⑤书评 ⑥新闻报道 语篇长度 一般说来，A篇是250词左右，其余各篇在300词左右，通常控制在270到360词之间，四篇总词数在1100到1200之间 怎 么 考 命题 四类考点 ①细节理解题(7～9题) ②推理判断题(4～6题) ③主旨大意题(1~2题) ④词义猜测题(1题) 三条规律 题文同序 题序与文中信息先后相同 分布均匀 一般一段一题，大致均匀 正确答案中A、B、C、D的个数大致均等 答案均等 名师指津 答案分布 卷别 新课标Ⅰ卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 年份 2025 2024 2023 2022 2025 2024 2023 2022 A 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 B 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 C 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 D 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 7 年份 卷别 文体 题型 A篇 B篇 C篇 D篇 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2025 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 议论文 说明文 7 6 1 1 新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 4 2 1 2024 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 议论文 说明文 9 4 1 1 新高考II卷 应用文 新闻报道 说明文 书 评 9 4 1 1 2023 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1 新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 9 4 1 1 2022 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 7 6 1 1 新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 5 1 1 2021 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 4 2 1 新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 10 3 1 1 2021 -2025高考阅读理解考查点分布 1.应用文，主要介绍旅游景点、推荐读物、课程/行程安排、活动介绍、招聘启事、电影推荐等，一般考察细节理解题，相对简单，仔细阅读从文章中都能找到答案。 2.记叙文，一般以讲故事为主：人物 + 事件 + 经过 + 结果 + 感悟。常见题材：校园生活、家庭温情、陌生人互助、成长经历、励志小故事。结构大多是顺叙：起因 → 发展 → 高潮 → 结局 → 主题升华，重点题型有细节理解题、判断推理题、主旨大意题，情感态度题等。核心原则：忠于原文，不瞎猜，不夸大。 3.说明文，主要讲一些当前最新的科普知识，如宇宙探索，人工智能，环境保护，健康、社会服务与人际沟通、文学艺术与体育，低碳生活等，题型就包括词义猜测题、态度观点题、写作意图题、推理判断题，需要我们自己深刻的认识和理解，要有一定的推断分析能力。 4. 议论文，结构清晰，几乎都是：提出观点 → 分析论证（举例 / 对比 / 因果）→ 总结重申观点。首段常直接亮明立场：支持 / 反对 / 认为某事重要。尾段多总结、呼吁、给出建议，再次点题。题目常考：态度观点题、文章主旨、段落大意、推理判断题。 感谢您下载平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com 5.书评是图书内容与评价的桥梁文本，兼具信息传递与价值判断功能。其核心是让读者了解“这本书讲什么”和“为什么值得读”。写作动机：推荐书籍、引导阅读、启发思考；语言特点：转述与评论交织、引用书中观点、评价性词汇丰富；双重视角：既呈现作者观点，又表达评论者立场，主题语境：此类文章常见于学术期刊、文化版块，多考查信息筛选与观点辨析能力． 6.新闻报道是对近期发生的的社会 / 生活 / 科技 / 文化 / 体育事件信息进行客观陈述与信息传递，侧重时效性、真实性、客观性，写作动机：引导读者了解事实。结构常有导语（Lead）：开头段概括核心 ——who, what, when, where, why, how主体（Body）：按重要性展开细节、经过、背景、数据、采访内容结尾（Ending）：补充背景、后续影响、未来趋势或简短评论。双重视角事实视角：客观呈现事件原貌、数据、现场情况转述视角：引用相关人物 / 机构的态度、评价、声明。主题语境：社会热点与生活事件，科技新发现、新产品发布，文化活动、体育赛事、环保行动，校园新闻、公益项目、旅游动态，健康科普、政策公告、研究调查 感谢您下载平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com 阅读理解题命题趋势 趋势1： 文本语境复杂化，题材专业化 趋势2： 趋向深度理解化，考查深入化 趋势3: 渗透文化意识，凸显中国元素 趋势4: 课标词汇的派生词、熟词生义频现，阅读难度增大 趋势5: 聚焦长难句、逻辑思维，凸显考查深层理解能力 12 PART II 知策略 Strategies for Reading Comprehension —Questions of Details 解题原则: 忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系， 切记不能主观臆断 步骤和方法： Step1： K: 定位题干中选定____________ （关键词:表示人名及地名的专有名词，年份，数字，名词，动词，形容词和副词等），关注定位词的同义转换。 Step2： F: 通过略读、查读查找文中___________ Step3: C: _________信息句与选项,排除干扰项。关注正确选项和原文的同义转换、转述和归纳概括。不要忽略主题句。 细节理解题解题策略 关键词 信息句/段落 比对 注意干扰项的特征： 正误并存、张冠李戴、答非所问、无中生有、以偏概全，范围扩大或缩小（限制性条件删除） (1)同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 (2)信息归纳。用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。 (3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 (4)原文原词。利用原文原词作为正确选项。 (5)语气委婉，不绝对化。 正确选项的特征 15 (1)答非所问。这类选项最不容易辨别,选项中的描述是原文信息，但与题干要求不符。 (2)无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 (3)张冠李戴。 把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,而 所述细节却与原文一致。 (4)颠倒是非。在意思上与原文过于夸大或缩小甚至完全相反。 (5)正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。 (6)以偏概全。抓住文中一个词或一个细节，歪曲理解作者本意。 (7)用词绝对。 must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none, completely, absolutely 等… 错误选项的特征 16 2、直接信息题:找出题干的关键词，从文章相关语段中找对应的关键信息，进行对比即可找到答案。现在有些题，题干和选项都进行了同意表达，注意辨別。 3、间接信息题:题干和选项通常都进行了同义/近义/反义/派生的改写 ，需要对原文的转述对比找答案；有时需要找到多个信息点，进行总结才能找到答案。例如：常见的找共同点/不同点/独特点的细节理解题。 1、数字计算题:涉及年龄、价格、时间、数量等具体数字，要求考生在文中找到数据并进行对比、简单计算或推断的题 注意：文章中的某些隐含附加条件是出错的根源。 细节理解题目类型 Strategy1　数字计算题 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。设问方式以when，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题，常用“整合推算”法来解题。 整 合 推 算 1.读题干，确定关键词，寻读原文，标记数字、时间、年代等信息 2.对相关信息和数字进行分析和理解 3.利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。 注意特殊词汇:decade十年;fortnight 两周; double 两倍;couple 两个;score二十;dozen十二; overnight 一夜，off减价;discount折扣，free免费 1.（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解21；） The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Bike Rental & Guided Tours … Prices 4. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50.   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 3.（2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解C 篇节选） According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 3. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 4.（2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解A篇节选）  Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. 4. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42. 5.2026·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高三期中） Getting started is straightforward. You only need basic information about your household, such as your average electricity and natural gas consumption, transportation methods, and waste disposal (处理) habits. To give you a clearer idea of common emission values, here is a table showing average yearly emissions per person (in lbs CO₂): Category Source Emissions (lbs CO₂) House Electricity 3,500 Natural Gas 2,700 Transport One Car 10,800 Waste General 800 22. What are the total emissions for a two-person household with one car? A．15,900 lbs CO2. B．22,100 lbs CO2. C．24,800 lbs CO2. D．19,400 lbs CO2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段提供的表格，以及问题中提到的“一个有车两人家庭”可知，这个家庭的年总排放量应为：两人住房的电力排放（3500×2=7000lbs CO₂）+两人住房的天然气排放（2700×2=5400lbs CO₂）+一辆车的运输排放（10800lbs CO₂）+一般废物排放（800×2=1600lbs CO₂）=24800lbs CO₂。故选C项。 Strategy 2　直接信息题——定、找、比 直接信息题设问方式一般以 what，who，when，where，why和how等开头的特殊疑问句，常用“定位比对”法来解题。答题线索来自单个信息点，无需推理，但题干/选项与原文之间多半存在同义转换，有时还需理解具体信息之间的逻辑关系. 题干定位法 一定 1.认真读题干 2.选定关键词（关键词:表示人名及地名的专有名词，年份，数字以及有特别意义的名词，动词，形容词和副词等） 3.根据关键词明确答案方向 二找 ——用关键词寻找答题信息句 三比 ——对比信息句与选项，选出正确答案 Type1 直接信息题 1.2025新课标I I卷阅读 A篇 … Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire Shrewsbury, Shropshire 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. C 解析：根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。 Type1 直接信息题 2.2023新课标I卷A篇片段 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 23. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 3 .2025新课标I I卷阅读 B篇 … In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. D 解析：根据第一段，去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 4.(2023.新课标11，A片段) Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷 ) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. 22.What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. Story of the canyon area. D 根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point部分的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon while learning about the area’s natural and human history.”可知，在欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷壮丽色彩的同时，了解该地区的自然与人类历史，探寻艺术家和摄影师为何不断被这片特殊地方吸引。” ，在Artist Point的简短讲话主要是关于峡谷地区的自然和人类历史。故选D。 5.2023全国乙卷阅读理解C节选 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is unfair to judge its whole food culture only by several traditional dishes. 28. What do people usually think of British food？ It is simple and plain. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. A 解析：人们一想到英国食物，脑海里出现的就是：炸鱼薯条，周日晚餐：肉 + 两种蔬菜，这些都属于简单、朴素、单调的食物。文中还直接用了 uninteresting（无趣的）、less-than-impressive（不怎么出彩），进一步说明大众印象是简单普通、没什么花样。 Strategy 3　间接信息题——同义转换定答案 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，常用“同义转换”法来解题。常以when, where, what, which, who等疑问词开头引出问题。 同意转换法 一定 二找 三比较 1.同义/近义/反义/同源词; 2.同根词或原词复现; 3.简化原文复杂的表达; 4.正话反说/反话正说; 5.变换语态 ——读题干，确定关键词 ——用关键词寻找答题信息句 Type2 间接信息题 1.(2025新课标I 卷A篇片段) 　This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing（令人吃惊的）,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. B 23. B 细节理解题。根据“We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,”（我们需要加快绿色能源的开发，它们都将被使用。）可知，Wipke建议加大可再生能源的开发力度。故选B。 2. 2025新课标I I 卷阅读 C篇 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 解析：根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 D 3. 2023·全国甲卷阅读B Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” 26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? By making it look like before. B. By furmishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. A 解析：根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。 4.2024新课标I卷D篇片段 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. … 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. B 解析：根据第一段 Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以图片、视频和其它数字格式存在的，也就是说，它们大多是电子格式的。选B。 Summary 细节理解题方法 left 备考指南 1. 以读攻读。阅读在高考中占的比重非常大，常有人说“得阅读者得高考”。要阅读得高分，必须通过大量的阅读才可实现。因此，在复习的过程中要坚持每天阅读，至少一篇，基础好的可多篇。而且要读懂，要消化，要抄录你遇到的“生词”，并有意识地去记。 2. 得词汇者得阅读。读懂文章的前提是词汇过关，词汇又可在阅读中得到巩固。因此，为阅读过关要猛攻词汇，为词汇过关要疯狂阅读。 3.掌握解题技巧，轻松应对高考。 Practice makes perfect 36 Homework 1.Review the points learnt in this period. 2. Finish the Exercises in the paper. Thanks you Positive Business Plastic3 Corporate Uplifting Business B, track 5 2011 New Age 124190.43 $