期中Unit1-Unit 4 复习讲义 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

新人教版八年级下册期中复习讲义 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点1 spend time (in) doing sth. ________时间做某事 四个“花费”：spend / cost / pay / take 动词 主语 常用结构 spend Sb. spend time/money on sth.某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱 Sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事 pay Sb. pay money for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱 cost Sth. cost sb. money 某物花费某人多少钱 take It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费（某人）多长时间 即时检测 1、It _______ me 3 days to finish the report. 2、I _______ 3 hours cleaning the house every day. 3、If you like this shirt I will _______ for you. 4、This car _______ them $200,000. 5、——Are your shoes expensive? ——No, I only ________ five dollars on them. 知识点2 Some people prefer not to make things. 有些人不喜欢制作东西。 prefer v. 更喜欢；钟爱。过去式：preferred 现在分词：preferring 1 prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 Lily prefers history books. 莉莉更喜欢历史书。 2 prefer doing / to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 They prefer playing / to play basketball after school. 他们更喜欢放学后打篮球。 3 prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过做B Children often prefer sweet food to vegetables. 与蔬菜相比，孩子们往往更喜欢甜食。 He prefers watching TV to doing homework. 比起做作业，他更喜欢看电视。 4 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿走路去学校也不愿坐公交车。 即时检测 1. She prefers ________ (read) novels in her free time. 2. My brother prefers coffee ________ tea. 3. They prefer ________ (program) to ________ (ski). 4. I prefer to stay at home rather than ________ (go) out on rainy days. 5. He prefers ________ (chat) online to doing homework. 知识点3 “动词+up”构成的常见短语 我和朋友一起开蜜雪冰城的一天。 wake up 叫醒；醒来 show up 出现；露面 get up 起床 stay up 熬夜 dress up 穿上盛装 take up 占据；开始做 cheer up （使）振作起来 put up 建造；张贴 look up 查阅；向上看 set up 建起；设立 pick up 拿起；（开车）接某人 give up 放弃 1. —You look sad. What's wrong?—Nothing serious. Just need someone to _ _ me ____. A. cheer; up B. put; up C. take; up D. show; up 2. My mother always asks me to ______ early in the morning, so I never late for school. A. grow up B. get up C. stay up D. wake up 3.We need to ______ a new school for the children in the mountain area. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. pick up 4. If you don't know the word, you can ______ it ______ in the dictionary. A. look; up B. cheer; up C. dress; up D. show; up 5. Don't ______ late to play computer games. It's bad for your health. A. get up B. stay up C. wake up D. grow up 6. She ______ as a princess for the Halloween party last night. A. dressed up B. put up C. set up D. took up 7. My father will ______ me ______ at the school gate after class. A. pick; up B. show; up C. take; up D. put; up 8. The notice was ______ on the wall of the community yesterday. A. set up B. put up C. taken up D. cheered up 9. Playing the piano ______ most of my free time, so I have no time to hang out. A. takes up B. picks up C. shows up D. grows up 10. He didn't ______ at the meeting yesterday, which made the boss very angry. A. wake up B. show up C. get up D. dress up 11.When I was a little girl, I wanted to be a teacher when I ______. A. get up B. grow up C. wake up D. take up 12.My alarm clock ______ me ______ at 6:30 every morning. A. wakes; up B. cheers; up C. picks; up D. puts; up 13. We will ______ a tent by the lake and have a picnic this weekend. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. show up 14.—Why do you learn painting? —I ______ it ______ as a hobby last year. A. took; up B. picked; up C. dressed; up D. cheered; up 15.______! The exam is not the end of the world. You can do better next time. A. Cheer up B. Grow up C. Stay up D. Show up 知识点4 表示“患病”或“...痛”的表达总结 提问“怎么了？” “发了生什么事？” 1 What’s the matter (with...) ? 2 What’s wrong (with...) ? 3 What happened to ...? 注意：宾语从句中均不需要变陈述语序。 知识点5 avoid v. ________ avoid doing sth. ________ 做某事 For safety, dirvers must avoid smoking while driving. 为了安全起见，司机在驾驶期间必须避免吸烟。 【拓展】只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词（短语） 喜欢介意不可免 （enjoy, mind, avoid） 承认放弃太冒险 （admit, give up, risk） 建议完成是期望 （suggest, finish, look forward to） 继续练习使成功 （keep on, practise, succeed in） 即时检测 1. He enjoys ___________ (watch) English movies on weekends. 2. Do you mind ___________ (open) the window? It’s hot here. 3. The boy admitted ___________ (break) the glass just now. 4. My teacher suggested ___________ (read) more books after school. 5. We are looking forward to ___________ (visit) Jinan Zoo next week. 知识点6 achievement n. ________（可数名词） -ment是常见的名词后缀，表示“......的行为（或结果）” develop v.发展 _______________ n.发展 manage v.管理 _______________ n.管理 improve v.改善 _______________ n.改善，改进 treat v.对待；治疗 _________ n.对待；治疗 move v.移动 _______________ n.运动；活动 advertise v.做广告 ______________ n. 广告 agree v.同意 _______________ n.同意；协议 argue v.争吵 __________n.争吵；论点 enjoy v.享受 _______________ n.乐趣；享受 punish v.惩罚 _______________ n.惩罚 1.With the ____________(develop) of the Internet, our life becomes easier. 2.We finally reached an ____________(agree) after a long talk. 3.His hard work led to great ____________ (achieve)in his study. 4.They had an ____________ (argue)about who should go first. 5.Walking is a good form of physical ____________(move). 知识点7 illness n. ________ -ness是常见的名词后缀，表示“......的性质（状态、特点）”，adj.+ness。 kind adj. 友好的 ______________ n. 仁慈；善良 happy adj. 幸福的 _______________ n.幸福 dark adj. 黑暗的 _______________ n. 黑暗 busy adj. 忙碌的 ____________ n.生意；商业 sad adj. 难过的 _______________ n.悲伤 lonely adj.孤独的 ______________ n. 孤独 1.We should treat others with ________ (kind). 2.Money can’t bring us true ______ (happy). 3.She was sitting alone in the ___________ (dark). 4.Many old people feel ____________ (lonely) in big cities. 5.He couldn’t hide his ________________ (sad) when he heard the news. 知识点8 careless adj. ________ -less是常见的形容词后缀，表示“没有…… 的、无…… 的”。n.+less。 hope n. 希望 ______________ adj. 无望的 help n. 帮助 _____________adl. 无助的 use n. 使用 _______________ adj. 无用的 home n. 家 _________ adj. 无家可归的 meaning n.意义 ______________ adj.无意义的 end n. 尽头 ______________ adj.无尽的 1.They felt ____________ (hope) because they lost the game. 2.The little baby is too young. He is ____________ (help). 3.This old machine is ____________ (use). We can’t fix it. 4.We should help the ____________ (home) people in our city. 5.Watching TV all day is ____________ (meaning). 【重点句型结构】会填空+会造句 句型1 It is + adj. + of / for sb. to do sth. 做某事是...的 其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 ·即时检测 1. It is kind ________ you ________ (help) me with my English. 2.It is necessary ________ us ________ (learn) to be independent. 3.It is rude ________ him ________ (speak) to his parents like that. 4.It is important ________ everyone ________ (follow) the rules. 5.It is clever ________ her ________ (work) out the problem so quickly. 6.It is dangerous ________ children ________ (play) near the river. 【注意】It makes me feel +adj.+ to do sth. 做某事让某人感到..... P4 It is a great way to do sth. 这是做某事的好方法 P4 句型2 find it + adj.+to do sth. 发现做某事是..... 的 P6 该结构中，it做find的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 可用于此结构的动词还有think, make, consider, feel等。 You may find it difficult to accept your weakness. 形式宾语 真正宾语 ·即时检测 1.I find ____ easy ________ (learn) English songs. 2.She thinks ____ necessary ________ (take) exercise every day. 3.We feel ____ important ________ (keep) quiet in the library. 4.They consider ____ impossible ________ (finish) the work in an hour. 5.He makes ____ a rule ________ (get) up early in the morning. 句型3 Although 引导的让步状语从句 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did ti on purpose.（P25） 尽管有时可能会有人伤害你，但这并不总意味着他们是故意这么做的。 Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost?（P27） 为什么即使输了，汤姆仍然为他们的球队感到骄傲？ although = though，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet / still 连用。可放在句首或句中。 1.He didn’t stop working ________ he was tired. (although) 2.________ the task is difficult, we will try our best. even though=even if, 意为“即使；虽然”引导让步状语从句。不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet / still 连用。 【区别】though 语气普通；even though 语气更强，强调 “就算、哪怕”。 【作文金句】 Though it is difficult to learn English well, I will try my best. 虽然学好英语很难，但我会尽最大努力。 Even though the world is full of challenges, we should never lose hope. 尽管世界充满挑战，我们绝不应该失去希望。 句型4 not only...but also...不仅...而且... Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. （P29） 非常感谢您不仅是我的老师，更是我的朋友。 not only...but also...用来连接两个相同的句子成分，该结构中的also可省略。谓语动词与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一直，即遵循“就近原则”。 【作文金句】 We should not only study hard but also keep healthy. 我们不仅要努力学习，还要保持健康。 The activity is not only good for our health but also helpful to our study. 这个活动不仅对我们健康有益，而且对学习也有帮助。 句型5 比较级和最高级 1 形容词/副词的比较级+than... 比..... 【作文金句】 Reading books is more important than playing games. 读书比玩游戏更重要。 ②the+比较级.....,the+比较级..... 【作文金句】 The more we read, the better we understand the world. 书读得越多，我们就越了解世界。 ③比较级+and+比较级；more and more + 形容词/副词原级 越来越.... 【作文金句】 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 ④ the + 最高级 最..... 【作文金句】 It is the most wonderful experience in my life. 这是我人生中最棒的一次经历。 ⑤one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 .....之一 【作文金句】 Pingyao Ancient City is one of the best-kept ancient cities in China. 平遥古城是中国保存最完好的古城之一。 1.You should listen to your parents ____________ (careful) than before. 2.He speaks English ______________ (clearly) than his cousin. 3.The ______________ (hard) you work, the ______________ (well) you will do in exams. 4.The ____________ (quick) you finish your homework, the ____________ (early) you can relax. 5.Now I get up ____________ (early) and ____________ (early) to read English. 6.Our life is changing ____________ (rapid) and ____________ (rapid). 7.Of all the students, he runs ____________ (fast). 8.They all work hard, but she studies ____________ (efficient). 9.He is one of the students who listen to the teacher ____________ (careful) in class. 10.She is one of those who speak ____________ (polite) to others. 【重点单词词性转换】U1 1. program v. 编写程序；n. 程序（=programme）节目；项目 → programmer n. 程序设计员 2. failure n. 失败；失败者 → fail v. 失败；未能→failure n.成功→ ____________v. 成功 3. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 → inspired adj. 受启发的；有灵感的 4. scared adj. 害怕的；对...感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕；惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的；可怕的 5. surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 → surprise v. 使惊讶；n. 惊讶 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 6. importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的；重大的 → importance n. 重要性；重大 → unimportant adj. 不重要的（反义词） 7. manage v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 → management n. 管理；经营 → manager n. 经理；管理者 → manageable adj. 可管理的；可处理的 8. poem n. 诗 → poet n. 诗人 → poetic adj. 诗的；诗意的 9. ski v. 滑雪→ skier n. 滑雪者 → skiing n. 滑雪（运动） 10. instructor n. 教练；指导者 → instruct v. 指导；教授 → instruction n. 指示；指导 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last week, our school held a special sports ①program (program). At first, I felt very ②scared (scare) because I wanted to try ③skiing (ski), but I was not good at it. ④Surprisingly (surprise), the ⑤ instructor (instruct) was very kind and patient. He often told us stories to ⑥inspire (inspiration) us. He also said that ⑦failure (fail) is the mother of success. Most⑧ importantly (important), we should kept practicing. Finally, I ⑨ managed (manager) to ski well. I even wrote a ⑩ poem (poetic) to record this unusual experience. 【重点单词词性转换】U2 1. press v. 压；按；挤；推 → pressure n. 压力；压迫 → pressed adj. 紧迫的；受压的 2. careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→ careful adj 仔细的（反义词）→care n. 关心，在意 3. medicine n. 药；医学 → medical adj. 医学的；医疗的 4. description n. 描写；形容 → describe v. 描述；形容 → descriptive adj. 描述的；说明的 5. patient n. 病人；adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心；忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地 6. injury n. 伤害；损伤 → injure v. 伤害；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的 7. clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的；v. 清理 → clearly adv.清晰地；明显地→ clarity n. 清晰度；明确性 8. safety n. 安全；安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的；可靠的 → safely adv. 安全地；平安地 9. luckily adv. 幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 → luck n. 运气；幸运 10. bleed v.（bled，bled）流血；出血 → blood n. 血；血液 → bleeding n. 出血；adj. 流血的 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last Friday afternoon, Tom fell off his bike on his way home. There was a small injury (injure) on his leg and it started to bleed (blood). He felt afraid, but luckily (lucky), a kind woman found him.She asked Tom to stay by the roadside and ensure his safety (safe) first. She told him not to be careless (care) next time. Then she used some clean cloth to press (pressure) the wound gently.She also took him to the hospital and described what happened to the doctors. The description (describe) helped the doctors a lot. Soon the doctors gave Tom some medicine (medical) and looked after him patiently (patient). Two days later, the wound cleared (clear) up and Tom felt much better. 【重点单词词性转换】U3 1. anger n. 怒火 → angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的 → angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地 2. advise v. 建议；劝告 → advice n. 建议；劝告 3. advise n. 决定 → decide v. 决定；断定 → decisive adj. 决定性的；果断的 4. proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 → pride n. 骄傲；自豪 → proudly adv. 骄傲地；自豪地 5. behave v. 表现；举止得体 → behavior n. 行为；举止 6. differently adv. 不同地 → different adj. 不同的；有差异的 → difference n. 差异；不同 7. physics n. 物理；物理学 → physical adj. 物理的；身体的 → physicist n. 物理学家 8. normal adj. 正常的；普通的；n. 常态；标准 → normally adv. 正常地；通常 9. mean adj. 刻薄的；吝啬的；v. 意思是；意味着 → meaning n. 意思；含义 10. deep adj. 深的；……深的；adv. 深深地 → depth n. 深度；深处 → deepen v. 加深；深化 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last week, my friend Tom and I had a small fight. He got very 1. angry (anger) with me because I didn't keep my promise. I felt really upset and didn't know what to do. Later, my mother 2. advised (advise) me to talk with him politely. She is a wise woman who often gives me good 3.advice (advise). She told me not to be too selfish.Tom is a good boy, but he is different from others. He always 4. behaves (behave) differently from his classmates. He loves 5. physics (physics) very much and wants to be a scientist in the future. We should treat everyone in a 6.normal (normally) way, even if they act 7. differently (different). My mother also told me to take 8. pride (proud) in myself but not to look down on others. The 9. depth (deep) of friendship is more important than small arguments. I finally understood what her 10. meaning (mean) was. I decided to say sorry to Tom. 【重点单词词性转换】U4 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 → wonderfully adv. 精彩地；绝妙地 2. measurement n. 数量；测量 → measure v. 测量；n. 措施 → measurable adj. 可测量的 3. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → usual adj. 通常的；平常的 → usually adv. 通常；平常 4. civilization （=civilisation）n. 文明 → civilize v. 使文明；使开化 → civilized adj. 文明的；开化的 5. development n. 发展；壮大 → develop v. 发展；开发 → developed adj. 发达的；成熟的 → developing adj. 发展中的 6. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → die v. 死亡；消逝 → dead adj. 死的；无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的；致死的 7. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → succeed v. 成功；达成 → success n. 成功；成就 → successful adj. 成功的；有成效的 8. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 → riskily adv. 冒险地；危险地 9. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 → simplicity n. 简单；单纯 10. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → locate v. 定位；位于 → location n. 位置；地点 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Have you ever visited some ancient cities? They are very 1.wonderful (wonder) places with long histories. Many of them are 2.located (locate) in the mountains or near rivers. People in ancient times had great 3. civilization (civilize). They created many new things and made great 4. development (develop) in science and culture. To protect these old cities, people take special 5. measures (measure). Some places are very 6.unusual (usual) because they keep special old traditions. Everything there is not 7.simple (simply) because it has stood for thousands of years. Many people think it is worth 8. risking (risk) their time to study them. With hard work, scientists 9. successfully (successful) protected many places from 10. dying (die) out. 动词不定式 构成形式 基本形式：to+动词原形；否定形式: not+to+动词原形 ※没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。（非谓语动词） 句法作用 作主语 To read good books makes him happy.（读好书使他快乐。） 主语：动作的发出者，某个人或某件事。 作表语 To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） 表语：跟在系动词后面，说明主语“是什么” 或 “怎么样” 的成分。 作宾语 I plan to read 4 books this summer vacation.（这个暑假我计划读四本书。） 宾语：动作的承受者。 作宾语补足语 I expected him to accept the invitation.（我希望他会接受邀请。） 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语“是什么、怎么样、做什么” 的成分。 作定语 They made a decision to put off the meeting.（他们决定将会议推迟。） 定语：给名词“戴帽子”，用来修饰、限定名词的成分。 作目的状语 I love to watch kung fu movies to relax.（我喜欢看功夫电影来放松。教材原文） 状语：句子里的“附加说明”，回答：何时、何地、怎么、为什么、为了什么。 “疑问词+不定式”结构 用法 动词不定式可以和what、which、how、where、when等连用，该结构在句子中通常可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 1. 作主语：How to get there is a problem.（怎样到那里是个问题。） 2. 作宾语：Please tell me where to find him.（请告诉我在哪里能找到他。） 3.作表语：The problem is where to find the answer.（问题是到哪里去找答案。） 4. 作同位语：He is in doubt what to do.（他拿不定主意该怎么办。） 转换 当“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语时，通常可以和宾语从句进行同义转换。 例：I don’t know who to give it to. = I don’t know who I should give it to.（我不知道该把它给谁。） 含动词不定式的常用搭配 不定式作宾语 V.+to do want to do sth 想要做某事 would like to do sth 想要做某事 help to do sth 帮助做某事 manage to do sth 设法做成某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事 expect to do sth 期望做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 不定式作宾补 V.+sb.+ to do expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 promise sb to do sth 承诺某人做某事 wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 省略to的不定式 V.+sb.+ do 使役动词，如let、make、have等。(三让) let sb do sth、make sb do sth、have sb do 让某人做某事 例1：I heard him go down the stairs.（我听见他下楼了。） 例2：Can you make this old engine start?（你能让这台旧发动机启动吗？） 感官动词，如feel、hear、see、notice、watch等；两看一听一注意一感觉 feel/hear/see/notice/watch sb. do sth. P4 P5 感觉到/听到/看到/注意到/看到 某人做某事（全过程/经常） feel/hear/see/notice/watch sb. doing sth. 感觉到/听到/看到/注意到/看到 某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行） 例1：I often see him take physical exercise.（我经常看见他进行体育锻炼。） 例2：I heard her singing in the next room when I passed by. 【不定式的常见句型】 即时检测 Cai Yongbin, a blind man, became a top computer programmer in China after learning to code (编码) by ear. Cai became blind at 6. In 2002, he went to a special school in Shenzhen. He decided 1. to become (become) a computer programmer when he was still at school. His friends taught him where 2. to find (find) useful learning resources. “I wanted 3. to read (read) news, listen to music and watch videos on the Internet, so I asked my classmates and teachers 4. to teach (teach) me. However, when I went online, I found it almost impossible for me to use the Internet. This made me 5. feel (feel) sad, so I made up my mind to learn to code and develop software (开发软件) to help people with disabilities like me,” said Cai. In the beginning, it was really difficult, but Cai didn’t give up and kept 6. learning (learn). He spent a lot of time 7. studying (study), at least 12 hours a day, seven days a week. After years of hard work, he was successful in developing his first software in 2009. This made it easy for the blind 8. to use (use) the Internet. In 2018, Cai started his own business. He and his team have developed their own programs 9. to let (let) tens of thousands of blind people shop online. Now, he also helps other blind people 10. (to) decide (decide) how to start their own careers in technology. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新人教版八年级下册期中复习讲义 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点1 spend time (in) doing sth. ________时间做某事 四个“花费”：spend / cost / pay / take 动词 主语 常用结构 spend Sb. spend time/money on sth.某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱 Sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事 pay Sb. pay money for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱 cost Sth. cost sb. money 某物花费某人多少钱 take It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费（某人）多长时间 即时检测 1、It _______ me 3 days to finish the report. 2、I _______ 3 hours cleaning the house every day. 3、If you like this shirt I will _______ for you. 4、This car _______ them $200,000. 5、——Are your shoes expensive? ——No, I only ________ five dollars on them. 知识点2 Some people prefer not to make things. 有些人不喜欢制作东西。 prefer v. 更喜欢；钟爱。过去式：preferred 现在分词：preferring 1 prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 Lily prefers history books. 莉莉更喜欢历史书。 2 prefer doing / to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 They prefer playing / to play basketball after school. 他们更喜欢放学后打篮球。 3 prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过做B Children often prefer sweet food to vegetables. 与蔬菜相比，孩子们往往更喜欢甜食。 He prefers watching TV to doing homework. 比起做作业，他更喜欢看电视。 4 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿走路去学校也不愿坐公交车。 即时检测 1. She prefers ________ (read) novels in her free time. 2. My brother prefers coffee ________ tea. 3. They prefer ________ (program) to ________ (ski). 4. I prefer to stay at home rather than ________ (go) out on rainy days. 5. He prefers ________ (chat) online to doing homework. 知识点3 “动词+up”构成的常见短语 我和朋友一起开蜜雪冰城的一天。 wake up 叫醒；醒来 show up 出现；露面 get up 起床 stay up 熬夜 dress up 穿上盛装 take up 占据；开始做 cheer up （使）振作起来 put up 建造；张贴 look up 查阅；向上看 set up 建起；设立 pick up 拿起；（开车）接某人 give up 放弃 1. —You look sad. What's wrong?—Nothing serious. Just need someone to _ _ me ____. A. cheer; up B. put; up C. take; up D. show; up 2. My mother always asks me to ______ early in the morning, so I never late for school. A. grow up B. get up C. stay up D. wake up 3.We need to ______ a new school for the children in the mountain area. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. pick up 4. If you don't know the word, you can ______ it ______ in the dictionary. A. look; up B. cheer; up C. dress; up D. show; up 5. Don't ______ late to play computer games. It's bad for your health. A. get up B. stay up C. wake up D. grow up 6. She ______ as a princess for the Halloween party last night. A. dressed up B. put up C. set up D. took up 7. My father will ______ me ______ at the school gate after class. A. pick; up B. show; up C. take; up D. put; up 8. The notice was ______ on the wall of the community yesterday. A. set up B. put up C. taken up D. cheered up 9. Playing the piano ______ most of my free time, so I have no time to hang out. A. takes up B. picks up C. shows up D. grows up 10. He didn't ______ at the meeting yesterday, which made the boss very angry. A. wake up B. show up C. get up D. dress up 11.When I was a little girl, I wanted to be a teacher when I ______. A. get up B. grow up C. wake up D. take up 12.My alarm clock ______ me ______ at 6:30 every morning. A. wakes; up B. cheers; up C. picks; up D. puts; up 13. We will ______ a tent by the lake and have a picnic this weekend. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. show up 14.—Why do you learn painting? —I ______ it ______ as a hobby last year. A. took; up B. picked; up C. dressed; up D. cheered; up 15.______! The exam is not the end of the world. You can do better next time. A. Cheer up B. Grow up C. Stay up D. Show up 知识点4 表示“患病”或“...痛”的表达总结 提问“怎么了？” “发了生什么事？” 1 What’s the matter (with...) ? 2 What’s wrong (with...) ? 3 What happened to ...? 注意：宾语从句中均不需要变陈述语序。 知识点5 avoid v. ________ avoid doing sth. ________ 做某事 For safety, dirvers must avoid smoking while driving. 为了安全起见，司机在驾驶期间必须避免吸烟。 【拓展】只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词（短语） 喜欢介意不可免 （enjoy, mind, avoid） 承认放弃太冒险 （admit, give up, risk） 建议完成是期望 （suggest, finish, look forward to） 继续练习使成功 （keep on, practise, succeed in） 即时检测 1. He enjoys ___________ (watch) English movies on weekends. 2. Do you mind ___________ (open) the window? It’s hot here. 3. The boy admitted ___________ (break) the glass just now. 4. My teacher suggested ___________ (read) more books after school. 5. We are looking forward to ___________ (visit) Jinan Zoo next week. 知识点6 achievement n. ________（可数名词） -ment是常见的名词后缀，表示“......的行为（或结果）” develop v.发展 _______________ n.发展 manage v.管理 _______________ n.管理 improve v.改善 _______________ n.改善，改进 treat v.对待；治疗 _________ n.对待；治疗 move v.移动 _______________ n.运动；活动 advertise v.做广告 ______________ n. 广告 agree v.同意 _______________ n.同意；协议 argue v.争吵 __________n.争吵；论点 enjoy v.享受 _______________ n.乐趣；享受 punish v.惩罚 _______________ n.惩罚 知识点7 illness n. ________ -ness是常见的名词后缀，表示“......的性质（状态、特点）”，adj.+ness。 kind adj. 友好的 ______________ n. 仁慈；善良 happy adj. 幸福的 _______________ n.幸福 dark adj. 黑暗的 _______________ n. 黑暗 busy adj. 忙碌的 ____________ n.生意；商业 sad adj. 难过的 _______________ n.悲伤 lonely adj.孤独的 ______________ n. 孤独 知识点8 careless adj. ________ -less是常见的形容词后缀，表示“没有…… 的、无…… 的”。n.+less。 hope n. 希望 ______________ adj. 无望的 help n. 帮助 _____________adl. 无助的 use n. 使用 _______________ adj. 无用的 home n. 家 _________ adj. 无家可归的 meaning n.意义 ______________ adj.无意义的 end n. 尽头 ______________ adj.无尽的 1.We should treat others with ____________ (kind). 2.She was sitting alone in the ___________ (dark). 3.We finally reached an ____________(agree) after a long talk. 4.Many old people feel ____________ (lonely) in big cities. 5.They felt ____________ (hope) because they lost the game. 6.With the ____________(develop) of the Internet, our life becomes easier. 7.His hard work led to great ____________ (achieve)in his study. 8.Walking is a good form of physical ____________(move). 9.The little baby is too young. He is ____________ (help). 10.This old machine is ____________ (use). We can’t fix it. 11.Money can’t bring us true ______ (happy). 12.He couldn’t hide his ________________ (sad) when he heard the news. 13.We should help the ____________ (home) people in our city. 14.Watching TV all day is ____________ (meaning). 15.They had an ____________ (argue)about who should go first. 【重点句型结构】会填空+会造句 句型1 It is + adj. + of / for sb. to do sth. 做某事是...的 其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 ·即时检测 1. It is kind ________ you ________ (help) me with my English. 2.It is necessary ________ us ________ (learn) to be independent. 3.It is rude ________ him ________ (speak) to his parents like that. 4.It is important ________ everyone ________ (follow) the rules. 5.It is clever ________ her ________ (work) out the problem so quickly. 6.It is dangerous ________ children ________ (play) near the river. 【注意】It makes me feel +adj.+ to do sth. 做某事让某人感到..... P4 It is a great way to do sth. 这是做某事的好方法 P4 句型2 find it + adj.+to do sth. 发现做某事是..... 的 P6 该结构中，it做find的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 可用于此结构的动词还有think, make, consider, feel等。 You may find it difficult to accept your weakness. 形式宾语 真正宾语 ·即时检测 1.I find ____ easy ________ (learn) English songs. 2.She thinks ____ necessary ________ (take) exercise every day. 3.We feel ____ important ________ (keep) quiet in the library. 4.They consider ____ impossible ________ (finish) the work in an hour. 5.He makes ____ a rule ________ (get) up early in the morning. 句型3 Although 引导的让步状语从句 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did ti on purpose.（P25） 尽管有时可能会有人伤害你，但这并不总意味着他们是故意这么做的。 Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost?（P27） 为什么即使输了，汤姆仍然为他们的球队感到骄傲？ although = though，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet / still 连用。可放在句首或句中。 1.He didn’t stop working ________ he was tired. (although) 2.________ the task is difficult, we will try our best. even though=even if, 意为“即使；虽然”引导让步状语从句。不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet / still 连用。 【区别】though 语气普通；even though 语气更强，强调 “就算、哪怕”。 【作文金句】 Though it is difficult to learn English well, I will try my best. 虽然学好英语很难，但我会尽最大努力。 Even though the world is full of challenges, we should never lose hope. 尽管世界充满挑战，我们绝不应该失去希望。 句型4 not only...but also...不仅...而且... Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. （P29） 非常感谢您不仅是我的老师，更是我的朋友。 not only...but also...用来连接两个相同的句子成分，该结构中的also可省略。谓语动词与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一直，即遵循“就近原则”。 【作文金句】 We should not only study hard but also keep healthy. 我们不仅要努力学习，还要保持健康。 The activity is not only good for our health but also helpful to our study. 这个活动不仅对我们健康有益，而且对学习也有帮助。 句型5 比较级和最高级 1 形容词/副词的比较级+than... 比..... 【作文金句】 Reading books is more important than playing games. 读书比玩游戏更重要。 ②the+比较级.....,the+比较级..... 【作文金句】 The more we read, the better we understand the world. 书读得越多，我们就越了解世界。 ③比较级+and+比较级；more and more + 形容词/副词原级 越来越.... 【作文金句】 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 ④ the + 最高级 最..... 【作文金句】 It is the most wonderful experience in my life. 这是我人生中最棒的一次经历。 ⑤one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 .....之一 【作文金句】 Pingyao Ancient City is one of the best-kept ancient cities in China. 平遥古城是中国保存最完好的古城之一。 1.You should listen to your parents ____________ (careful) than before. 2.He speaks English ______________ (clearly) than his cousin. 3.The ______________ (hard) you work, the ______________ (well) you will do in exams. 4.The ____________ (quick) you finish your homework, the ____________ (early) you can relax. 5.Now I get up ____________ (early) and ____________ (early) to read English. 6.Our life is changing ____________ (rapid) and ____________ (rapid). 7.Of all the students, he runs ____________ (fast). 8.They all work hard, but she studies ____________ (efficient). 9.He is one of the students who listen to the teacher ____________ (careful) in class. 10.She is one of those who speak ____________ (polite) to others. 【重点单词词性转换】U1 1. program v. 编写程序；n. 程序（=programme）节目；项目 → programmer n. 程序设计员 2. failure n. 失败；失败者 → fail v. 失败；未能→failure n.成功→ ____________v. 成功 3. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 → inspired adj. 受启发的；有灵感的 4. scared adj. 害怕的；对...感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕；惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的；可怕的 5. surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 → surprise v. 使惊讶；n. 惊讶 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 6. importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的；重大的 → importance n. 重要性；重大 → unimportant adj. 不重要的（反义词） 7. manage v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 → management n. 管理；经营 → manager n. 经理；管理者 → manageable adj. 可管理的；可处理的 8. poem n. 诗 → poet n. 诗人 → poetic adj. 诗的；诗意的 9. ski v. 滑雪→ skier n. 滑雪者 → skiing n. 滑雪（运动） 10. instructor n. 教练；指导者 → instruct v. 指导；教授 → instruction n. 指示；指导 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last week, our school held a special sports ①_________ (program). At first, I felt very ②_________(scare) because I wanted to try ③_________ (ski), but I was not good at it. ④_________(surprise), the ⑤ _________ (instruct) was very kind and patient. He often told us stories to ⑥_________ (inspiration) us. He also said that ⑦_________ (fail) is the mother of success. Most⑧_________(important), we should kept practicing. Finally, I ⑨_________ (manager) to ski well. I even wrote a ⑩_________ (poetic) to record this unusual experience. 【重点单词词性转换】U2 1. press v. 压；按；挤；推 → pressure n. 压力；压迫 → pressed adj. 紧迫的；受压的 2. careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→ careful adj 仔细的（反义词）→care n. 关心，在意 3. medicine n. 药；医学 → medical adj. 医学的；医疗的 4. description n. 描写；形容 → describe v. 描述；形容 → descriptive adj. 描述的；说明的 5. patient n. 病人；adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心；忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地 6. injury n. 伤害；损伤 → injure v. 伤害；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的 7. clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的；v. 清理 → clearly adv.清晰地；明显地→ clarity n. 清晰度；明确性 8. safety n. 安全；安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的；可靠的 → safely adv. 安全地；平安地 9. luckily adv. 幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 → luck n. 运气；幸运 10. bleed v.（bled，bled）流血；出血 → blood n. 血；血液 → bleeding n. 出血；adj. 流血的 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last Friday afternoon, Tom fell off his bike on his way home. There was a small _________(injure) on his leg and it started to _________ (blood). He felt afraid, but _________ (lucky), a kind woman found him.She asked Tom to stay by the roadside and ensure his _________ (safe) first. She told him not to be_________(care) next time. Then she used some clean cloth to _________ (pressure) the wound gently.She also took him to the hospital and described what happened to the doctors. The_________ (describe) helped the doctors a lot. Soon the doctors gave Tom some _______(medical) and looked after him_________ (patient). Two days later, the wound _________ (clear) up and Tom felt much better. 【重点单词词性转换】U3 1. anger n. 怒火 → angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的 → angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地 2. advise v. 建议；劝告 → advice n. 建议；劝告 3. advise n. 决定 → decide v. 决定；断定 → decisive adj. 决定性的；果断的 4. proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 → pride n. 骄傲；自豪 → proudly adv. 骄傲地；自豪地 5. behave v. 表现；举止得体 → behavior n. 行为；举止 6. differently adv. 不同地 → different adj. 不同的；有差异的 → difference n. 差异；不同 7. physics n. 物理；物理学 → physical adj. 物理的；身体的 → physicist n. 物理学家 8. normal adj. 正常的；普通的；n. 常态；标准 → normally adv. 正常地；通常 9. mean adj. 刻薄的；吝啬的；v. 意思是；意味着 → meaning n. 意思；含义 10. deep adj. 深的；……深的；adv. 深深地 → depth n. 深度；深处 → deepen v. 加深；深化 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Last week, my friend Tom and I had a small fight. He got very 1._________(anger) with me because I didn't keep my promise. I felt really upset and didn't know what to do. Later, my mother 2. _________(advise) me to talk with him politely. She is a wise woman who often gives me good 3_________(advise). She told me not to be too selfish.Tom is a good boy, but he is different from others. He always 4._________ (behave) differently from his classmates. He loves 5._________ (physics) very much and wants to be a scientist in the future. We should treat everyone in a 6._________(normally) way, even if they act 7. _________ (different). My mother also told me to take 8. _________ (proud) in myself but not to look down on others. The 9. _________(deep) of friendship is more important than small arguments. I finally understood what her 10. _________ (mean) was. I decided to say sorry to Tom. 【重点单词词性转换】U4 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 → wonderfully adv. 精彩地；绝妙地 2. measurement n. 数量；测量 → measure v. 测量；n. 措施 → measurable adj. 可测量的 3. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → usual adj. 通常的；平常的 → usually adv. 通常；平常 4. civilization （=civilisation）n. 文明 → civilize v. 使文明；使开化 → civilized adj. 文明的；开化的 5. development n. 发展；壮大 → develop v. 发展；开发 → developed adj. 发达的；成熟的 → developing adj. 发展中的 6. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → die v. 死亡；消逝 → dead adj. 死的；无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的；致死的 7. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → succeed v. 成功；达成 → success n. 成功；成就 → successful adj. 成功的；有成效的 8. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 → riskily adv. 冒险地；危险地 9. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 → simplicity n. 简单；单纯 10. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → locate v. 定位；位于 → location n. 位置；地点 （Please fold along the line.） 【语篇练习】 Have you ever visited some ancient cities? They are very 1._________ (wonder) places with long histories. Many of them are 2._________ (locate) in the mountains or near rivers. People in ancient times had great 3. _________ (civilize). They created many new things and made great 4. _________ (develop) in science and culture. To protect these old cities, people take special 5. _________ (measure). Some places are very 6._________ (usual) because they keep special old traditions. Everything there is not 7._________ (simply) because it has stood for thousands of years. Many people think it is worth 8._________(risk) their time to study them. With hard work, scientists 9. _________ (successful) protected many places from 10. _________ (die) out. 动词不定式 构成形式 基本形式：to+动词原形；否定形式: not+to+动词原形 ※没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。（非谓语动词） 句法作用 作主语 To read good books makes him happy.（读好书使他快乐。） 主语：动作的发出者，某个人或某件事。 作表语 To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） 表语：跟在系动词后面，说明主语“是什么” 或 “怎么样” 的成分。 作宾语 I plan to read 4 books this summer vacation.（这个暑假我计划读四本书。） 宾语：动作的承受者。 作宾语补足语 I expected him to accept the invitation.（我希望他会接受邀请。） 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语“是什么、怎么样、做什么” 的成分。 作定语 They made a decision to put off the meeting.（他们决定将会议推迟。） 定语：给名词“戴帽子”，用来修饰、限定名词的成分。 作目的状语 I love to watch kung fu movies to relax.（我喜欢看功夫电影来放松。教材原文） 状语：句子里的“附加说明”，回答：何时、何地、怎么、为什么、为了什么。 “疑问词+不定式”结构 用法 动词不定式可以和what、which、how、where、when等连用，该结构在句子中通常可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 1. 作主语：How to get there is a problem.（怎样到那里是个问题。） 2. 作宾语：Please tell me where to find him.（请告诉我在哪里能找到他。） 3.作表语：The problem is where to find the answer.（问题是到哪里去找答案。） 4. 作同位语：He is in doubt what to do.（他拿不定主意该怎么办。） 转换 当“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语时，通常可以和宾语从句进行同义转换。 例：I don’t know who to give it to. = I don’t know who I should give it to.（我不知道该把它给谁。） 含动词不定式的常用搭配 不定式作宾语 V.+to do want to do sth 想要做某事 would like to do sth 想要做某事 help to do sth 帮助做某事 manage to do sth 设法做成某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事 expect to do sth 期望做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 不定式作宾补 V.+sb.+ to do expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 promise sb to do sth 承诺某人做某事 wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 省略to的不定式 V.+sb.+ do 使役动词，如let、make、have等。(三让) let sb do sth、make sb do sth、have sb do 让某人做某事 例1：I heard him go down the stairs.（我听见他下楼了。） 例2：Can you make this old engine start?（你能让这台旧发动机启动吗？） 感官动词，如feel、hear、see、notice、watch等；两看一听一注意一感觉 feel/hear/see/notice/watch sb. do sth. P4 P5 感觉到/听到/看到/注意到/看到 某人做某事（全过程/经常） feel/hear/see/notice/watch sb. doing sth. 感觉到/听到/看到/注意到/看到 某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行） 例1：I often see him take physical exercise.（我经常看见他进行体育锻炼。） 例2：I heard her singing in the next room when I passed by. 【不定式的常见句型】 即时检测 Cai Yongbin, a blind man, became a top computer programmer in China after learning to code (编码) by ear. Cai became blind at 6. In 2002, he went to a special school in Shenzhen. He decided 1. _________(become) a computer programmer when he was still at school. His friends taught him where 2. _________(find) useful learning resources. “I wanted 3. _________(read) news, listen to music and watch videos on the Internet, so I asked my classmates and teachers 4. _________ (teach) me. However, when I went online, I found it almost impossible for me to use the Internet. This made me 5. _________ (feel) sad, so I made up my mind to learn to code and develop software (开发软件) to help people with disabilities like me,” said Cai. In the beginning, it was really difficult, but Cai didn’t give up and kept 6. _________ (learn). He spent a lot of time 7. _________ (study), at least 12 hours a day, seven days a week. After years of hard work, he was successful in developing his first software in 2009. This made it easy for the blind 8. _________ (use) the Internet. In 2018, Cai started his own business. He and his team have developed their own programs 9. _________ (let) tens of thousands of blind people shop online. Now, he also helps other blind people 10. _________(decide) how to start their own careers in technology. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $