第4部分 阅读理解 第4讲 词义猜测题-【创新教程】2026年初升高英语衔接教材一本通

阅读理解 第四部分 第四讲 词义猜测题 初高知识衔接 ◆[题型特点] since,for,so,thus,as a result,therefore 这类题型目的是考查考生利用上下文 等)来猜测词义。 对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利 [例] You shouldn't have blamed him 用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本 for that,for it wasn't his fault. 技巧之一，也是我们学习词汇的方法 [解析]通过第二个for引出的句子所 之一。在阅读过程中，有些同学一遇 表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出 到生僻词语就查词典，这是不可取的。 blame的词义是“责备”。 一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使 (二)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义 我们养成依赖词典的习惯，而且还会 在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了 影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时 表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词 遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢？ 或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以 答案是否定的。可是我们如何做到理 利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词 解呢？利用上下文提示猜测词义就是 语推测不熟悉词语的含义。 诀窍。 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or 词义猜测题的类型主要有三种：熟词新 连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay,即 义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中 使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它 推断某一多义词的正确意思；生词释义 是“愉快”的意思；二是看在进一步解释 要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断 的过程中使用的同义词。 出词义；难句释义要求学生根据范围 Man has known something about 稍大的上下文推断句意。 the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter ◆[设问方式] with the help of spaceships. 1.What's the meaning of the underlined word/ [解析]此句中的Venus(金星)，Mars phrase...in Chinese? (火星)，Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要 2.The underlined word...refers to/proba 知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于 bly means... “行星”这个领域。 3.The underlined word...could be replaced by... (三)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义 4.What is the meaning of... 有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人， 5.Which of the following words can take 使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词 the place of the word...? 语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词 ◆[解题技巧] 推测未知单词的词义。 (一)通过因果关系猜测词义 通过反义关系猜词，一是看表转折或对 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与 比关系的连词或副词，如but,while, 上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。 however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示 有时需要借助关联词（如because,as, 否定意义的词语。 >>>>>》>>93 衔接教材一本通 英语 例 He is so homely,not at all as (五)根据上下文猜测词义 handsome as his brother. 1.有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义，但 [解析] 根据“not at all as hand- 可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。 some.,”我们不难推测出homely的意 One of the things I always believe is 思，即“不英俊，不漂亮”。 that no matter how bad something is,you (四)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义 can take something positive out of it... 定义或解释形式多样，常由is,that is The word“positive”in the passage to say),in other words,call,mean,be probably means considered to be,refer to,be called,be A.terrible B.bad known as,define,represent,signify等词 C.good D.real 汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地 [解析] 根据逗号前的bad及语境可知 表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概 答案是C。 念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。 [答案]C 这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对 2.在句子或段落中，若事物、现象之间构成 性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果 某种逻辑关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑 生词是句子或段落解释的定义，理 关系推知生词词义。 解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 If he thinks he can invite me out, But sometimes,no rain falls for a he is all wet.I don't like to be with him. long,long time.Then there is a dry peri- The underlined phrase“all wet'”means od,or drought. [解析]从drought所在句子的上文我 A.drunk 们得知很久不下雨了，于是便有一段干 B.sweating 旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought C.happy D.wrong 意思为“千早，早灾”。而a dry period和 [解析]根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一 drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关 起”可知，他如果认为能约我出去，那就 系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be “错了”。因此D正确。 called或破折号等来表示。 [答案] D 精典分类集洲 初中回顾落实 ting in 2017 with a degree in healthcare, (一) Chen Sheng completed eight months of (2025·山东青岛中考)For Chen training in a local hospital and started to Sheng,a young man in Meitan,Guizhou work in a nursing home. Province,caring for the elderly(年老的) In his early working days,what he is more than a job-it's a calling in his met was more difficult than expected.He heart.Chen Sheng was raised by his got up at 6 a.m.to help with morning grandparents,and his dream was to take tasks.He provided full bedside care,espe- care of more elderly people.After gradua- cially for the elderly who had to stay in bed 94( 阅读理解 第四部分 all the time.Often,his day didn't end until 2.What does the underlined word“quit”in 11 p.m.He wanted to quit at first,but af- Paragraph 2 mean? ter a period,the warmth and trust he re- A.Hang out. B.Give up. ceived from the elderly changed his mind. C.Talk back. D.Calm down. Using his medical knowledge,Chen 3.What can we learn from Grandpa Li's Sheng takes care of the elderly in a proper words in Paragraph 3? way,including physical examination, DChen Sheng takes good care of him. health guidance,advice on food and so on. "I arrived at the nursing home with lots of 2 Life in the nursing home is conven- illnesses and could only lie in bed.After ient. two months of good care by Chen Sheng,I 3 He gets good medical care from the was able to walk again by myself.Life hospital. here is very convenient,from satisfying 4His physical condition has improved daily services to good medical care,just since he moved in. like at home,"said Grandpa Li. A.①②③ B.①③④ Besides medical care,Chen Sheng also C.①②④ D.②③④ gives emotional(情感的)support.Heal 4.Which of the following can best describe ways offers comfort in time when a grand- Chen Sheng? pa or a grandma is upset.Grandma Sun A.Honest and confident. likes to talk with Chen Sheng every day B.Brave and selfless. and always shares the things she considers C.Outgoing and humorous. valuable.Grandma Sun feels warm and D.Warm-hearted and patient. happy because of Chen Sheng.Her family 5.What is the main purpose of this text? thanks him for his patience and great love. A.To improve medical conditions for the As the needs for elderly care continue elderly. to grow,more and more young people,in- B.To develop the interests and hobbies cluding those born after 2000,have come of the elderly. to work in the nursing home.They are making every effort to take good care of C.To call on more young people to care the elderly and make them live a happy for the elderly. life. D.To introduce the elderly people's life 1.What made Chen Sheng want to work in in the nursing home. the nursing home? (二) A.His growth experience. (2025·广东广州中考)It was going to B.His grandparents'words. be a long afternoon.Aunt Jen and Uncle C.His educational background. Pete were visiting,which meant I had to D.His training in the hospital. play with Amy. >>>>>95 衔接教材一本通 英语 I was mixing salt with mud (in I kept talking so she the garden.Amy was dancing around like a wouldn't try to catch it. butterfly.Maybe she could help prepare "Butterfly weed is a per- food for the butterflies. fect host plant.Butter- “Okay,Amy,”I said.“You can help flies lay eggs here,which spread this salt on the mud." become caterpillars,then She took the salt shaker."Are you chrysalises,and finally growing butterflies like plants,Simon?" beautiful butterflies..." “Questions again!”I shook my head.. As I spoke,Amy This little girl had a lot to learn-just like saw a big bee.“Shoo！No bees allowed!" me at her age,when my family started she cried. planting this butterfly garden."Some but- "Hey,it's okay.Butterflies and bees terflies need salt to stay healthy,I ex- both work for flowers,I told her. plained."Once,a butterfly sat right here “Butterflies work?”she asked. on my arm,tasting my salty sweat." “Yes,listen..” “I want a butterfly to sit on me!” We stayed in the garden until cried Amy."I want to wear it like a flow- sunset.Then I smelt bread and suggested, er!” “Let's rest in the hammock.” “Butterflies don't grow like flowers,” As we lay together, I said.“They fly wherever they like..” Amy noticed a butterfly “Aww..make them come to me,” leaving a flower and Amy said. cried,"Simon,it's like a "They will.They love our garden's flying flower!” plants,with nice leaves and juice,and That made me smile.We swung gen- this..."I said,pointing to the salty mud. tly back and forth,happy just to watch all “Idon't like mud,”Amy said.“See, the flowers-the ones that fly and those my new pink shoes are muddy-and pink's that don't-until Mom called us in to din- my favorite color!” ner. I tried to distract her attention."Do 6.Why did Simon mix the salt with the mud? you know butterflies have favorite A.To play games with Amy. colors,too?” B.To prepare food for butterflies. “Pink?”Amy asked,starting to smile C.To make the plants grow better. again. D.To make it safer for Amy to dance. "They like purple better,and or- 7.How did Simon feel when Amy asked ange,"I explained,pointing to the nearby her first question? butterfly weed with dark orange flowers. A.He couldn't believe how silly Amy was. "Look,a butterfly is drinking the juice of B.He was surprised at Amy's rich imag- the flowers..” ination. 96<< 阅读理解 第四部分 C.He was a bit impatient but also very Emily,22,office worker:I was at understanding. work,and I sent an email to a friend of D.He was glad that Amy was curious a- mine.I was telling her about my problems bout butterflies. with Mark,the manager.A few minutes 8.What does the underlined phrase "dis- later,a friend of Mark's came over to my tract her attention"mean in the story? desk.He said,"So you think Mark is too A.Clean the mud off her shoes. strict?"My face was red.I chose the wrong B.Change her mind about mud. name on my address list.It was my own C.Keep her away from the mud. fault,so I'll look over my emails more D.Get her to forget about the mud. carefully before I click“Send”next time.. 9.Why did Simon feel happy at the end of the story? Thomas,21,university student:I love A.The bread for dinner smelt good. the Internet!I look up lots of information B.He enjoyed the afternoon with Amy. online.I often buy things on the websites- C.The hammock was really comforta- furniture,clothes,CDs,even foods.I have ble. also sold some of my things on the Inter- D.Amy thanked him for the butterfly net.I only use the websites I trust and I've lesson never had a safety problem. 高中衔接起航 1.Where is the passage taken from? (一) A.A diary. The Internet is often used to buy and B.A novel. sell products,pay bills,and communicate C.A magazine. with people.But how safe is it when you D.A history book. use the Internet?Our magazine Interac- 2.Linda probably got the email from a per- tions asked some Internet users about their son who experiences. A.refused to lend money to her Linda,29,nurse:I pay all my bills B.asked about her experiences online.One day,I received an email from C.sold things to her on the websites my bank.It told me that someone was try- D.tried to cheat her of her money ing to take out money from my account( 号)，so I should email my password(密码) 3.The word“fault'”in Paragraph3 means to the“bank manager'”.】felt something was wrong,so I called my bank and asked A.project B.mistake about the email.The bank said they never C.advantage D.plan sent it.I realised that someone tried to 4.Who shared enjoyable experiences ac- cheat(欺骗)me of my money.I'll continue cording to the passage? paying my bills this way,but I'll be more A.Linda. B.Emily. careful. C.Mark. D.Thomas. >>》》>》>>97 衔接教材一本通 英语 5.What is the best title of the passage? up moments.And their team could do a lot A.The Internet:How Safe Is It? more than people might think. B.The Bank:How Useful Is It? When many people thanked OWAUR C.The Website:How Cheap Is It? for what they had done,some questioned D.The Magazine:How Amazing Is It? why they called themselves“old women”. (二) "You should call yourselves the Mermaids The silence of the pond(池塘)was (美人鱼)Against Underwater Rubbish,” broken by the first cry:"Found some- they said. thing!”A swimmer ducked(扎入)into the 6.What does“another'”in Paragraph 1 re- water with a lifeline connected to a boat. fer to? Soon,she appeared,holding a bright blue A.A pond. B.A swimmer. glass bottle.It was passed to another,then C.A glass bottle.D.A boat. into the boat. 7.The underlined word“mission”means On a fine Sunday morning in May,a team 99 of 10 women over 65 years old,known as the A.an important task Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish B.a fair game (OWAUR )looked for rubbish across Nova C.an interesting show Pond in Scotia. D.a secret meeting When the team returned,they joked 8.By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, about the trip."We didn't even know what OWAUR it was,one swimmer said with a laugh, A.found interest and did well showing an electronic lighter they had B.changed people's hobbies found..“We had to ask a young person..” C.improved their health a lot Part protection organization,part so- D.won fame and got prizes cial club,OWAUR only accepted old 9.Why were the old women regarded as women as its members.To improve the Mermaids? conditions of the ponds,the group made it A.They must be good at swimming. its mission to take rubbish away from B.They could be trusted by some peo- them.The idea of this group was from a ple. moment of Sandy,a retired(退休的)re C.They should be responsible for their porter.As a lifelong nature lover,she liked group. swimming in ponds.However,the world D.They might be thought young and of the pond,which was a little polluted, beautiful. made her anxious.Then she came up with a 10.What would be the best title for the slogan(标语)： passage? "OVER 65,IF YOU'RE HEALTHY A.A Swimming Club ENOUGH,IS THE AGE OF ACTION." B.A Worrying Pond Soon many people joined her.They C.A Ducking Moment found a sense of wonder at the pond clean- D.A Warning Slogan 98 《((《((〈衔接教材一本通 instruments,or a few storybooks if you love reading. 知可以弹奏乐器；根据“Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like.”可知可以装饰你的 房间。故选项①④⑥可以展示我们的创造力。故选C。] 8.D[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了我们都有表达创造力的 能力，通往创造性生产力的道路愿意做一些不同的事情，所 以作者是让我们通过小行为培养创造力。故选D。 第四讲词义猜测题 初中回顾落实（一） [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了陈胜因个人成长经历选择 从事养老护理工作，他在工作中尽心尽力照顾老人，不仅 提供医疗护理还给予情感支持，同时带动更多年轻人加入 养老护理行业。 l.A[细节理解题。根据“Chen Sheng was raised by his grandparents,and his dream was to take care of more elderly people.”可知，他由祖父母抚养长大，这段成长经 历促使他立志从事养老工作。故选A。] 2.B[词义猜测题。根据“He wanted to quit at first,but after a period,the warmth and trust he received from the elderly changed his mind.”可知他起初想放弃，但后来老 人们给予的温暖和信任改变了他的想法，因此“qt”在 此处意为“放弃”。故选B。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据“I arrived at the nursing home with lots of illnesses and could only lie in bed.After two months of good care by Chen Sheng,I was able to walk again by myself.Life here is very convenient,from sat- isfying daily services to good medical care,just like at home”可知李爷爷刚到养老院时病得很重，只能躺在床 上，经过陈胜两个月的悉心照料，他已经能够自己走路 了，而且养老院的生活非常方便，从日常服务到医疗护 理都很好，就像在家一样，因此从李爷爷的话中我们可 以得知陈胜把他照顾得很好、养老院的生活很方便以及 自从搬进来后他的身体状况有所改善。故选C。] 4.D[推理判断题。根据“He always offers comfort in time when a grandpa or a grandma is upset.”以及“Her family thanks him for his patience and great love.”可知 陈胜在老人们情绪低落时总是及时给予安慰，而且他的 耐心和关爱也得到了老人家属的感谢，因此可以看出陈 胜是一个热心且有耐心的人。故选D。] 5,C[主旨大意题。根据“As the needs for elderly care continue to grow,more and more young people,inclu- ding those born after 2000,have come to work in the nursing home.They are making every effort to take good care of the elderly and make them live a happy life.”可知 随着养老需求的不断增长，越来越多的年轻人，包括00 后，都来到养老院工作，他们尽心尽力照顾老人，让老人 过上幸福的生活，因此文章的主要目的是呼吁更多的年 轻人来照顾老人。故选C。] (二) [语篇解读]本文主要讲述了Simon和表妹Amy在花园 里度过的一个下午，Simon通过向Amy解释关于蝴蝶的知 识，成功转移了她对泥巴的注意力，两人一起享受了观察 蝴蝶和花朵的时光。 6.B[细节理解题。根据“Maybe she could help prepare food for the butterflies..”以及“Some butterflies need salt to stay healthy'”可知，Simon混合盐和泥是为了给蝴蝶 准备食物，因为有些蝴蝶需要盐来保持健康。故选B。门] 7.C[推理判断题。根据“‘Questions again!'I shook my head.This little girl had a lot to learn-just like me at her age,when my family started planting this butterfly garden." 可知，当Amy问第一个问题时，Simon摇了摇头，觉得她有 很多要学，这表现出他有，点不耐烦，但同时也表现出他很理 解Amy的好奇心，愿意教她。故选C。门 140(《(((((< 英语 8.D[词义猜测题。根据“‘Idon't like mud,’Amy said. 'See,my new pink shoes are muddy-and pink's my fa- vorite color!'”可知，Amy不喜欢泥巴，她的新粉色鞋子 沾上了泥巴，她很不喜欢。再根据后文Simon开始谈论 蝴蝶喜欢的颜色，试图转移Ay的注意力，让她不再关 注泥巴。因此，“distract her attention”在这里的意思是 “转移她的注意力”，让她不再注意泥巴。故选D。] 9.B[推理判断题。根据“That made me smile.We swung gently back and forth,happy just to watch all the flowers-the ones that fly and those that don'tuntil Mom called us in to dinner..”可知，Simon在故事结尾感 到开心是因为他和Amy一起享受了一个愉快的下午， 一起观察了蝴蝶和花朵。故选B。] 高中衔接起航（一） [语篇解读]本文主要就互联网安全，介绍了几位互联网 用户的经历。 l.C[细节理解题。根据“Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences." 知，本文来自杂志，故选C。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据“I realised that someone tried to cheat(欺骗)me of my money.”可知，琳达可能是从一个 想骗她钱的人那里收到这封邮件的，故选D。] 3.B[词义猜测题。根据“I chose the wrong name on my address list..It was my own fault'”可知，我把通讯录上的 名字选错了，这是自己的错，故选B。] 4.D[细节理解题。根据“I love the Internet!...I only use the websites I trust and I've never had a safety prob- lem.”可知，Thomas分享了愉快的经历，故选D。] 5,A[最佳标题。本文主要就互联网安全，介绍几位互联 网用户的经历。故选A。] (二) [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以上的女 性组成的团队，被称为“反对水下垃圾的老妇人”，该组织 将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自已的使命。 6.B[词义猜测题。根据“Soon,she appeared,holding a bright blue glass bottle.It was passed to another,then into the boat..”可知她出现了，手里拿着一个亮蓝色的玻 璃瓶，它被传给了另一个人，然后又上了船，故此处a other指代“游泳者”。故选B。] 7,A[词义猜测题。根据“To improve the conditions of the ponds,the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them.”可知该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为 自己的使命，故此处划线部分指代“重要的任务”。故 选A。] 8.A[推理判断题。根据“They found a sense of wonder at the pond cleanup moments.And their team could do a lot more than people might think.”可知她们在清理池塘 的时刻感到惊奇，她们的团队可以做比人们想象的多得 多的事情，所以这个组织发现了兴趣并做得很好。故 选A。] 9.D[推理判断题。根据“some questioned why they called themselves 'old women'.You should call your- selves the Mermaids(美人鱼)Against Underwater Rub bish,’”可知一些人质疑她们为什么称自己为“老妇人”， 认为她们应该称自己为反对水下垃圾的美人鱼，可推知 他们认为这些老妇人可以被认为是年轻美丽的反对水 下垃圾的美人鱼。故选D。] 10.C[最佳标题。本文主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以 上的女性组成的团队，被称为“反对水下垃圾的老妇 人”，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命，以选 项C“入水时刻”为标题最合适。故选C。]