Unit 6 I love literature（重难词汇精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 6 I love literature 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 文学；文学作品 v. 敢于 n. 寓言；寓言故事；谎言 adj. 冰封的；封冻的 n. 童话故事 n. 乐师；音乐家 adj. 意味深长的 adj. 安静的 n. 寓意；品行 n. 霜；冰霜 n. 小说；虚构的事 v. 低（头）；鞠躬 n. （长篇）小说 adj. 新颖的；与众不同的 n. 思乡 n. 四分之一；一刻钟 n. 曲调；曲子 v.调音；调整 adj. 水下的 v. 认真考虑；权衡；称重量 n. 发现；发觉 n. 诗歌；诗 adj. 熟悉的 n. 元 (美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的货币单位) n. 灵感 n. 办公室；办公楼 adj. 诚实的；老实的 n. 律师 n. 樵夫 n. 现金；金钱 n. 斧 n. 小袋；小包；小盒 v. 出现；似乎；抵达 adv. 永远 adv. 突然；忽然 adj. 光滑的；平整的 n.银；银币；银白色adj.银的； 银白色的 v. 拒绝；回绝 n. 诚实；老实 v. & n. 攻击 n. 为人之道；政策 adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 adj. 空的；无意义的 v. 提到；写到；说到 n. 仙境；奇境 n. 王宫；宫殿；总统府 adj. 很生气；疯的 pron. 他自己 adj. 害怕的；受惊的 短语 中文 英文 不同类型的 到目前为止；迄今为止 童话故事 富含······ 听说 科幻小说 四分之一 充满······ 熟悉······ 数百······ 很久以前 在湖边 同情、怜悯某人 想出 摇头 又一次，再一次 第三次 给某人一个袋子 充满 爬树 生气 突然离开；逃离 张贴 变成 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. meaning——________（adj.）有意义的；意味深长的 ——________（adv.）有意义地；意味深长地 2. discover——________（n.）发现；发觉 3. poet—— ________（n.）诗歌；诗 4. honest——________（n.）诚实；老实 5. sudden——________（adv.）忽然；突然 6. frighten——________（adj.）害怕的；受惊的 ——________（adj.）令人害怕的；吓人的 7. freeze——________（adj.）冰封的；封冻的 8. music——________（n.）乐师；音乐家 9. homesick——________（n.）思乡 10. office——________（n.）官员 11. law—— ________（n.）律师 12. he—— ________（人称代词宾格）他 —— ________（反身代词）他自己 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．I think writing is a good way to ________ our feelings and ideas. A．keep B．hide C．express D．forget 2．Reading can not only give us knowledge but also bring us ________. A．sadness B．happiness C．illness D．laziness 3．J.K. Rowling is ________ for her Harry Potter series. A．famous B．careless C．rude D．lazy 4．We should learn to ________ the writers’ feelings through their works. A．share B．separate C．compare D．understand 5．He is ________ in reading history books. He reads one every week. A．interested B．interesting C．disappointed D．disappointing 6．It is important to ________ your thoughts clearly when you write a book report. A．express B．impress C．depress D．progress 7．The novel ________ me so much that I couldn’t put it down. A．bored B．excited C．confused D．worried 8．The teacher asked us to ________ the main idea of the passage in our own words. A．copy B．create C．describe D．imagine 9．Shakespeare is one of the most famous ________ in the world. A．painters B．composers C．writers D．scientists 10．—Do you know the ________ of the story? —It’s about a boy who learns to be brave through his adventures. A．character B．plot C．author D．cover 11．Reading classic novels can help you ________ the beauty of language and culture. A．ignore B．appreciate C．create D．destroy 12．He thought ________ it must be the king’s musicians playing beautiful music outside. A．how B．that C．why D．what 13．— Could you tell me ________? — Well, I learned it at an early age and practised very hard. A．if you like playing basketball B．where you always play basketball C．how you play basketball so well 14．—Let’s walk along the green path after school. Do you know ________ it is? —It’s about 5 kilometers. A．how old B．how high C．how far 15．I want to know ________ to the old man just now. A．what happens B．what happened C．what is happening D．what has happened 四、根据汉语提示填空 1．I saw ________ (水下的) rocks when I went swimming. 2．The ________ (熟悉的) voice on the phone turned out to be my old friend. 3．A ________ (四分之一) of the cake was left on the plate. 4．课标新增词汇 My favorite ________ (小说) is Harry Potter because it’s full of magic and friendship. 5．课标新增词汇 I became interested in ________ (文学) at a very young age. 6．She went ________ (疯的) with joy when she heard the news. 7．He handed her a(n) ________ (银) ring with a smile. 8．I wish you happiness and health________ (永远). 9． ________ (没有一个) of us remembers the names of those English songs. 10．It is ________ (勇敢的) of you to speak in front of so many strangers. 词汇语境练-语篇 五、完形填空 One day, a boy fought with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him what happened 1 . “He is so bad that I hate him,” the boy said. The grandfather said, “Let me tell you a story. When I was young like you, I sometimes 2 others for what they did. But hate made me 3 tired. It didn’t hurt my enemy (敌人) but only hurt 4 .” As the boy listened carefully, the grandfather went on, “There 5 always two tigers inside my heart. One is good and kind. He gets on well with everything around him. But 6 is bad and unfriendly. He is full 7 anger. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time for no reason. He can’t think clearly 8 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control me.” The boy looked into his 9 eyes and asked, “Which tiger always controls you, Grandfather?” The old man said slowly in 10 serious voice, “The one I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom get angry now.” 1．A．angry B．angrily C．nervous D．nervously 2．A．hate B．am hating C．hated D．will hate 3．A．feel B．to feel C．smell D．to smell 4．A．his B．himself C．my D．myself 5．A．is B．am C．are D．be 6．A．other B．the other C．another D．each other 7．A．in B．with C．for D．of 8．A．because B．although C．until D．after 9．A．grandfather B．grandfathers C．grandfather’s D．grandfathers’ 10．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 6、 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 A young man named Gillian got 1 important gift—one thousand dollars from his uncle. At first, Gillian didn’t know how 2 (use) the money. He asked his friends for advice, but no one could give him a good idea. Gillian went to his uncle’s office 3 (meet) Mr Tolman, a lawyer. Mr Tolman told Gillian that his uncle left him another fifty thousand dollars 4 he used the one thousand dollars to do good things. If Gillian spent the money carelessly, the fifty thousand dollars 5 (go) to others. Gillian thought for a long time. Finally, he decided 6 (give) the money to Miss Hayden, his uncle’s caretaker. Miss Hayden was kind, 7 Gillian wanted to help her. He put the money on the table and wrote a note, 8 (say) he hoped she would be happy forever. When Mr Tolman read the note, he praised Gillian 9 his kind heart. Then Mr Tolman told Gillian that he would   10 (get) the fifty thousand dollars at last. Gillian felt 11 (excite) and happy. This story tells us 12 important it is to use money wisely. We should use our money 13 (help) others instead of 14 (waste) it. True happiness comes from 15 (kind), not from money. $Unit 6 I love literature 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 literature n. 文学；文学作品 dare v. 敢于 fable n. 寓言；寓言故事；谎言 frozen adj. 冰封的；封冻的 fairy tale n. 童话故事 musician n. 乐师；音乐家 meaningful adj. 意味深长的 tranquil adj. 安静的 moral n. 寓意；品行 hoar frost n. 霜；冰霜 fiction n. 小说；虚构的事 bow v. 低（头）；鞠躬 novel n. （长篇）小说 adj. 新颖的；与众不同的 homesickness n. 思乡 quarter n. 四分之一；一刻钟 tune n. 曲调；曲子 v.调音；调整 underwater adj. 水下的 weigh v. 认真考虑；权衡；称重量 discovery n. 发现；发觉 poetry n. 诗歌；诗 familiar adj. 熟悉的 dollar n. 元 (美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的货币单位) inspiration n. 灵感 office n. 办公室；办公楼 honest adj. 诚实的；老实的 lawyer n. 律师 woodcutter n. 樵夫 cash n. 现金；金钱 axe n. 斧 packet n. 小袋；小包；小盒 appear v. 出现；似乎；抵达 forever adv. 永远 suddenly adv. 突然；忽然 smooth adj. 光滑的；平整的 silver n.银；银币；银白色adj.银的； 银白色的 refuse v. 拒绝；回绝 honesty n. 诚实；老实 attack v. & n. 攻击 policy n. 为人之道；政策 brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 empty adj. 空的；无意义的 mention v. 提到；写到；说到 wonderland n. 仙境；奇境 palace n. 王宫；宫殿；总统府 mad adj. 很生气；疯的 himself pron. 他自己 frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的 短语 中文 英文 不同类型的 different types/kinds of 到目前为止；迄今为止 so far 童话故事 fairy tale 富含······ be rich in 听说 hear of 科幻小说 science fiction 四分之一 a quarter of 充满······ be full of 熟悉······ be familiar with 数百······ hundreds of 很久以前 long ago/once upon a time 在湖边 beside/by a lake 同情、怜悯某人 feel sorry for sb. 想出 come up with 摇头 shake one's head 又一次，再一次 once again/more 第三次 a third time 给某人一个袋子 give sb. a packet 充满 be filled with 爬树 climb the tree 生气 get mad 突然离开；逃离 run away 张贴 put up 变成 turn to 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. meaning—— meaningful（adj.）有意义的；意味深长的 —— meaningfully（adv.）有意义地；意味深长地 2. discover——discovery（n.）发现；发觉 3. poet——poetry（n.）诗歌；诗 4. honest——honesty（n.）诚实；老实 5. sudden——suddenly（adv.）忽然；突然 6. frighten——frightened（adj.）害怕的；受惊的 ——frightening（adj.）令人害怕的；吓人的 7. freeze——frozen（adj.）冰封的；封冻的 8. music——musician（n.）乐师；音乐家 9. homesick——homesickness（n.）思乡 10. office——officer（n.）官员 11. law——lawyer（n.）律师 12. he——him（人称代词宾格）他 ——himself（反身代词）他自己 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．I think writing is a good way to ________ our feelings and ideas. A．keep B．hide C．express D．forget 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为写作是表达我们感受和想法的好方法。 keep保持；hide隐藏；express表达；forget忘记。根据语境可知，写作通常用来抒发情感和交流思想，“express feelings”意思是“表达情感”，符合逻辑。 2．Reading can not only give us knowledge but also bring us ________. A．sadness B．happiness C．illness D．laziness 【答案】B 【详解】句意：阅读不仅能给我们知识，还能带给我们快乐。 sadness悲伤；happiness快乐；illness疾病；laziness懒惰。“not only...but also...”连接并列成分，“knowledge”为积极词汇，可知阅读带来的是有益的东西，happiness符合语境。 3．J.K. Rowling is ________ for her Harry Potter series. A．famous B．careless C．rude D．lazy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：J.K. 罗琳因她的《哈利·波特》系列而闻名。 famous著名的；careless粗心的；rude粗鲁的；lazy懒惰的。根据“J.K. Rowling”和“Harry Potter series”可知，她因创作该系列作品而出名，be famous for意思是“因……而闻名”，符合语境。 4．We should learn to ________ the writers’ feelings through their works. A．share B．separate C．compare D．understand 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该学会通过作品来理解作者的情感。 share分享；separate分离；compare比较；understand理解。根据“the writers’ feelings through their works”可知，此处表示通过作品来“理解”作者的情感，应填understand。 5．He is ________ in reading history books. He reads one every week. A．interested B．interesting C．disappointed D．disappointing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他对阅读历史书很感兴趣。他每周读一本。 interested感兴趣的；interesting有趣的；disappointed失望的；disappointing令人失望的。根据后句“He reads one every week.”可知他每周都读，说明他对历史书是感兴趣的。固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，主语通常是人。 6．It is important to ________ your thoughts clearly when you write a book report. A．express B．impress C．depress D．progress 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你写读书报告时，清晰地表达你的想法是很重要的。 express表达；impress给……留下印象；depress使沮丧；progress进步。根据“when you write a book report”可知，写报告时需要清晰地“表达”想法，符合语境。 7．The novel ________ me so much that I couldn’t put it down. A．bored B．excited C．confused D．worried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部小说让我如此兴奋，以至于我无法放下它。 bored使厌倦；excited使兴奋；confused使困惑；worried使担心。根据后半句“couldn’t put it down”可知，小说非常吸引人，让人兴奋得放不下。 8．The teacher asked us to ________ the main idea of the passage in our own words. A．copy B．create C．describe D．imagine 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师要求我们用我们自己的话描述这篇文章的大意。 copy复制；create创造；describe描述；imagine想象。根据“in our own words”可知，老师希望学生用自己的话来表达文章大意，而不是抄袭、创造或想象。 9．Shakespeare is one of the most famous ________ in the world. A．painters B．composers C．writers D．scientists 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莎士比亚是世界上最著名的作家之一。 painters画家；composers作曲家；writers作家；scientists科学家。根据常识可知，莎士比亚是英国伟大的剧作家和诗人，属于作家范畴。应填writers。 10．—Do you know the ________ of the story? —It’s about a boy who learns to be brave through his adventures. A．character B．plot C．author D．cover 【答案】B 【详解】 句意：——你知道这个故事的情节吗？——它是关于一个男孩通过他的冒险经历学会变得勇敢的故事。 character角色；plot情节；author作者；cover封面。根据答句“It’s about a boy who learns to be brave through his adventures.”可知，问句问的是故事的“情节”，应填plot。 11．Reading classic novels can help you ________ the beauty of language and culture. A．ignore B．appreciate C．create D．destroy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：阅读经典小说可以帮助你欣赏语言和文化的美。 ignore忽视；appreciate欣赏；create创造；destroy破坏。根据“Reading classic novels”及“the beauty of language and culture”可知，阅读经典小说有助于人们欣赏语言和文化之美，appreciate符合语境。 12．He thought ________ it must be the king’s musicians playing beautiful music outside. A．how B．that C．why D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他心想那一定是国王的乐师在外面演奏美妙的音乐。 how如何；that无实义引导词；why为什么；what什么。宾语从句中，若从句是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，常用that引导。本句从句结构完整，表示想法的具体内容，无疑问含义。 13．— Could you tell me ________? — Well, I learned it at an early age and practised very hard. A．if you like playing basketball B．where you always play basketball C．how you play basketball so well 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何把篮球打得这么好吗？——嗯，我很小的时候就学了，并且练习得很刻苦。 根据答语“I learned it at an early age and practised very hard.”可知，回答的是打好篮球的方式，因此问句询问的是“如何”，与选项C相符。 14．—Let’s walk along the green path after school. Do you know ________ it is? —It’s about 5 kilometers. A．how old B．how high C．how far 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——放学后我们沿着绿色步道走吧。你知道它有多远吗？——大约5公里。 how old多大年纪，用于提问年龄；how high多高，用于提问高度；how far多远，用于提问距离。根据答语“It’s about 5 kilometers.”可知，此处询问的是距离，应填how far。 15．I want to know ________ to the old man just now. A．what happens B．what happened C．what is happening D．what has happened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道刚才这位老人发生了什么事。 “just now”表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时，应填what happened。 四、根据汉语提示填空 1．I saw ________ (水下的) rocks when I went swimming. 【答案】underwater 【详解】句意：我游泳的时候看到了水下的岩石。句中提示词为“水下的”，需填入形容词修饰名词rocks，因此用underwater。 2．The ________ (熟悉的) voice on the phone turned out to be my old friend. 【答案】familiar 【详解】句意：电话里那个熟悉的声音原来是我的老朋友.括号内提示“熟悉的”，对应的英文单词是familiar。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词voice（声音），familiar作为形容词，符合语法和语境要求。 3．A ________ (四分之一) of the cake was left on the plate. 【答案】quarter 【详解】句意：四分之一的蛋糕留在了盘子里。括号内提示“四分之一”，对应的英文单词是quarter，a quarter of...表示“……的四分之一”，符合语境和语法要求。 4．课标新增词汇 My favorite ________ (小说) is Harry Potter because it’s full of magic and friendship. 【答案】novel 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的小说是《哈利・波特》，因为它充满了魔法和友谊。小说：novel，be动词is提示主语为单数形式，故填novel。 5．课标新增词汇 I became interested in ________ (文学) at a very young age. 【答案】literature 【详解】句意：我很小的时候就对文学感兴趣了。句中提示词为“文学”，需填入名词作介词in的宾语，因此用literature。 6．She went ________ (疯的) with joy when she heard the news. 【答案】mad 【详解】句意：当她听到这个消息时，欣喜若狂。空格前“went”是系动词，后接形容词作表语；“疯的”对应的形容词是mad，go mad with joy“欣喜若狂、高兴得发狂”，固定搭配。 7．He handed her a(n) ________ (银) ring with a smile. 【答案】silver 【详解】句意：他微笑着递给她一枚银戒指。根据中文提示“银”，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“ring”，英文中“silver”既可作名词也可作形容词，意为“银制的”。故填silver。 8．I wish you happiness and health________ (永远). 【答案】forever 【详解】句意：我祝你永远幸福健康。根据括号内的中文提示“永远”，此处需要填入副词forever，作状语修饰整个句子。故填forever。 9． ________ (没有一个) of us remembers the names of those English songs. 【答案】None 【详解】句意：我们中没有一个人记得那些英文歌曲的名字。none可指代人，与of连用构成短语作主语，对应中文释义“没有一个”，单词位于句首时，首字母需大写，故填None。 10．It is ________ (勇敢的) of you to speak in front of so many strangers. 【答案】brave 【详解】句意：你在这么多陌生人面前发言真是勇敢。根据中文提示“勇敢的”，此处需用形容词作表语，构成句型“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”，表示“某人做某事是怎样的”。英文对应词为“brave”。 词汇语境练-语篇 五、完形填空 One day, a boy fought with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him what happened 1 . “He is so bad that I hate him,” the boy said. The grandfather said, “Let me tell you a story. When I was young like you, I sometimes 2 others for what they did. But hate made me 3 tired. It didn’t hurt my enemy (敌人) but only hurt 4 .” As the boy listened carefully, the grandfather went on, “There 5 always two tigers inside my heart. One is good and kind. He gets on well with everything around him. But 6 is bad and unfriendly. He is full 7 anger. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time for no reason. He can’t think clearly 8 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control me.” The boy looked into his 9 eyes and asked, “Which tiger always controls you, Grandfather?” The old man said slowly in 10 serious voice, “The one I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom get angry now.” 1．A．angry B．angrily C．nervous D．nervously 2．A．hate B．am hating C．hated D．will hate 3．A．feel B．to feel C．smell D．to smell 4．A．his B．himself C．my D．myself 5．A．is B．am C．are D．be 6．A．other B．the other C．another D．each other 7．A．in B．with C．for D．of 8．A．because B．although C．until D．after 9．A．grandfather B．grandfathers C．grandfather’s D．grandfathers’ 10．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇关于情绪管理的寓言故事。通过爷爷讲述心中“两只老虎”的故事，告诉我们要控制自己的情绪，培养积极善良的一面。 1．句意：然后他去找爷爷，生气地告诉了他发生的事。 男孩和同学打架后是生气地讲述事情，此处需要副词修饰动词told（告诉），angrily（生气地，副词）符合，angry是形容词，nervous/nervously（紧张的/地）词义不符。 2．句意：我年轻时，有时会因为别人的所作所为怨恨他们。 本句讲述爷爷年轻时的经历，是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式hated。 3．句意：但是仇恨让我感觉很累。 表示“憎恨让我感到疲惫”，make是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式（动词原形）作宾语补足语，即make sb. do sth.，feel（感觉）符合，smell（闻）词义不符。 4．句意：它没有伤害我的敌人，却只伤了我自己。 这是爷爷的第一人称叙述，主语是“I”，宾语应该是“我自己”，用第一人称反身代词myself（我自己）。 5．句意：我心里总有两只老虎。 there be句型遵循就近一致原则，后面主语是复数“two tigers”，一般现在时中be动词用are。 6．句意：但是另一只是坏的且不友好的。 固定结构one...the other...表示（两者中）“一个……另一个……”，文中提到了两只老虎，第一只是One，第二只就是the other。 7．句意：他充满了愤怒。 固定短语be full of意为“充满”，符合句意“他充满愤怒”。 8．句意：他不能清晰思考，因为他总是恨别人。 前文“他不能清晰思考”，后文“他总是憎恨别人”，后文是前文的原因，用because（因为）引导原因状语从句。 9．句意：男孩看着爷爷的眼睛问道。 表示“爷爷的（眼睛）”，需要名词所有格，单数名词的所有格直接加’s，即grandfather’s。 10．句意：老人用一种严肃的声音慢慢说道。              固定搭配in a...voice表示“用……的语气/声音”，serious以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 6、 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 A young man named Gillian got 1 important gift—one thousand dollars from his uncle. At first, Gillian didn’t know how 2 (use) the money. He asked his friends for advice, but no one could give him a good idea. Gillian went to his uncle’s office 3 (meet) Mr Tolman, a lawyer. Mr Tolman told Gillian that his uncle left him another fifty thousand dollars 4 he used the one thousand dollars to do good things. If Gillian spent the money carelessly, the fifty thousand dollars 5 (go) to others. Gillian thought for a long time. Finally, he decided 6 (give) the money to Miss Hayden, his uncle’s caretaker. Miss Hayden was kind, 7 Gillian wanted to help her. He put the money on the table and wrote a note, 8 (say) he hoped she would be happy forever. When Mr Tolman read the note, he praised Gillian 9 his kind heart. Then Mr Tolman told Gillian that he would   10 (get) the fifty thousand dollars at last. Gillian felt 11 (excite) and happy. This story tells us 12 important it is to use money wisely. We should use our money 13 (help) others instead of 14 (waste) it. True happiness comes from 15 (kind), not from money. 【答案】 1．an 2．to use 3．to meet 4．if 5．would go 6．to give 7．so 8．saying 9．for 10．get 11．excited 12．how 13．to help 14．wasting 15．kindness 【导语】本文改编自单元课文《One thousand dollars》，讲述了年轻人Gillian用叔叔留下的一千美元帮助他人，最终收获善意与回报的故事。 1．句意：一个名叫吉利安的年轻人从叔叔那里得到了一份重要的礼物——一千美元。此处表示泛指“一份”，important以元音音素开头，不定冠词要用an。 2．句意：起初，吉利安不知道如何使用这笔钱。“疑问词+不定式”结构作know的宾语，to use符合语境。 3．句意：吉利安去叔叔的办公室见律师托尔曼先生。此处用不定式to meet作目的状语，表示“去办公室的目的”。 4．句意：托尔曼先生告诉吉利安，如果他用这一千美元做了好事，叔叔还留给他另外五万美元。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，要用if。 5．句意：如果吉利安随意花钱，这五万美元就会归别人所有。主句为一般过去时，从句表示过去将来的动作，用过去将来时would go。 6．句意：最后，他决定把钱给叔叔的管家海登小姐。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，应填to give。 7．句意：海登小姐很善良，所以吉利安想帮助她。前后句为因果关系，要用连词so。 8．句意：他把钱放在桌上，写了一张便条，上面写着他希望她永远幸福。此处用现在分词saying作伴随状语，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系。 9．句意：当托尔曼先生读到便条时，他称赞了吉利安的善良之心。praise sb. for sth.是固定搭配，意为“因某事表扬某人”。 10．句意：然后托尔曼先生告诉吉利安，他最终会得到这五万美元。助动词would后跟动词原形get。 11．句意：吉利安感到兴奋又开心。felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，修饰人用excited（感到兴奋的）。 12．句意：这个故事告诉我们，明智地使用金钱是多么重要。此处用感叹句作宾语从句，中心词是important，形容词，表示“多么”，要用how引导。 13．句意：我们应该用我们的钱去帮助别人，而不是浪费它。此处用不定式to help作目的状语，表示“用钱的目的”。 14．句意：我们应该用我们的钱去帮助别人，而不是浪费它。instead of是介词短语，后接动名词作宾语，waste的动名词形式为wasting。 15．句意：真正的幸福来自善良，而不是金钱。from是介词，后接名词作宾语，kind的名词形式为kindness（善良）。 $