2026年中考英语语法专题 动词——动词的时态课件

■考点一 一般现在时 1. 一般现在时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+be动词+表语 ①I am... ②单数名词/不可数名词/ He/ She/ It/ This/ That + is... ③复数名词/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those + are... 主语+其他系动词+表语 ①复数名词/ I/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those +其他系动词原形... ②单数名词/ He/ She/ It/ This/ That +其他系动词第三人称单数形式... 考向三 动词的时态 续表 主语+谓语+宾语 ①复数名词/ I/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those +动词原形... ②单数名词/ He/ She/ It/ This/ That +动词第三人称单数形式... 2. 一般现在时的用法 （1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如：I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上7点离开家去学校。 （2）表示客观事实或普遍真理。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 （3）在时间及条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如： I’ll call him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给他打电话。 （4）在某些以here, there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如： There goes the bell. 铃响了。 （5）表示按照时间表、安排、计划等即将发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，但仅限于一些表示位移的动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等。如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点离开。 （6）表示现在的状态或具备的能力。如： My grandparents live in the same building as us. 我爷爷奶奶和我们住在同一栋楼。 3. 与一般现在时连用的时间状语 （1）频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly等。 （2）every day/ week/ month/ year, once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。 （3）其他词组：on Sundays, at/ on weekends等。 考点追踪 1. ［25·无锡］ Here is the information we got from him. The city _________ (have) a short history. 2. I learnt from the physics class that gravity _________ (keep) our feet on the ground on the earth. 3. Daniel often _________ (play) Chinese chess with his grandpa at the weekend. 4. This program ____________ (introduce) a folk art form every day and it’s praised highly. 5. Tina is busy now. She will give you a call if she _________ (finish) her work. has keeps plays introduces finishes had ■考点二 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+ be动词+表语 ①单数名词/ I/ He/ She/ It/ This/ That + was... ②复数名词/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those + were... 主语+谓语+宾语（+其他） 主语+动词过去式... 2. 一般过去时的用法 （1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如： Last year I went to China National Tea Museum. 去年我去了中国茶叶博物馆。 （2）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示）。如： He missed his parents so much and he often felt lonely and unhappy. 他非常想念他的父母，他经常感到孤独和不快乐。 （3）在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如： Miss Li has taught English for three years since she came to our school. 自李老师到我们学校以来，她已经教了3年英语了。 3. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：ago, two years ago, yesterday, last night/ week, just now, in the past, in+过去年份, the other day等。 考点追踪 1. An apple _________ (fall) from the tree and hit me on my way home. 2. I once _________ (mistake) her for her sister because they looked the same. 3. Hi, Betty! Mrs. Li called just now and _________ (invite) us to her new house. 4. His work _________ (catch) the attention of his classmates. It was a big success. fell mistook invited caught ■考点三 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+ will/ shall +动词原形+其他 ①I/ We + shall +动词原形... ②单数名词/ I/ He/ She/ It/ 复数名词/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those + will +动词原形... 主语+ am/ is/ are going to+动词原形+其他 ①I + am going to +动词原形... ②单数名词/ He/ She/ It+ is going to +动词原形... ③复数名词/ We/ They/ You/ These/ Those + are going to +动词原形... 2. 一般将来时的用法 （1）“be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明将要发生的事。如： —What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算做什么？ —I’m going to listen to music. 我计划听音乐。 （2）be doing表示将来 常用于这种结构的动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等。其表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如： Our ship is arriving in London in five minutes. 我们的船五分钟后将抵达伦敦。 （3）“be to+动词原形”结构可以表示按计划将要发生的动作。如： They are to get married in May. 他们将在五月份结婚。 （4）祈使句+and/ or+含有一般将来时的句子。如： Hurry up, or we’ll miss the bus. 快点，否则我们将错过公交车。 （5）时间、条件等状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go shopping. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去购物。 （6）“be about to+动词原形”结构表示即将、马上发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。如： I can’t talk now. I’m about to get in the car. 我现在不方便说话。我要上车了。 3. 常表示将来的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/ month/ year, soon, some day, in the future, in+一段时间/将来的年份（如：in three days, in 2035）, this evening等。 考点追踪 1. The toy I ordered online _________ (arrive) tomorrow if everything goes smoothly. 2. The coach hopes that his football team _________ (get) into the final next Saturday. 3. The new science museum _________ (open) next month. Why not go and see it together? 4. In 10 years, most people _________ (use) AI robots to help with boring work. will arrive will get will open will use ■考点四 现在进行时 1. 现在进行时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+ am/ is/ are +动词现在分词+其他 ①I am +v.-ing... ②He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ is +v.-ing... ③We/ They/ You/ These/ Those/ 复数名词+ are +v.-ing... 2. 现在进行时的用法 （1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如： He is writing to his friend now. 他现在正在给他的朋友写信。 （2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如： Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as us. 科学家们现在正努力使机器人看起来像人类，并和我们做一样的事情。 （3）表示将要发生的动作。表示位置移动的动词，如fly, move, meet, go等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生或马上要发生的事情。如： Lucy is flying to Beijing tomorrow. 露西明天将乘飞机去北京。 3. 现在进行时的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at the moment, when, while等，也常与“Look!”或“Listen!”等连用。 考点追踪 1. Be quiet! I _______________ (discuss) the details of the fashion show with Tony on the phone. 2. He _________ (do) his project these days, and he will finish it this afternoon. 3. Look！ The students _______________ (make) a model plane in the science club. 4. I ______________ (read) the detective novel now, and I’m getting close to the truth. am discussing is doing are making am reading ■考点五 过去进行时 1. 过去进行时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+ was/ were +动词现在分词+其他 ①I/ He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ was + v.-ing... ②We/ They/ You/ These/ Those/ 复数名词+ were + v.-ing... 2. 过去进行时的用法 （1）表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如： When you called, I was taking a shower. 你打电话来的时候，我正在洗澡。 （2）表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如：What were you doing from seven to ten yesterday morning? 昨天早上从七点到十点你在干什么？ （3）过去进行时常和always, forever等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时带有一定的感情色彩。如： He was always making the same mistakes. 他总是犯同样的错误。 3. 过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yester-day, at that time, at nine last night以及when, while, just as 引导的时间状语从句等。 【注意】在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中，过去进行时的用法如下： （1）在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。如： We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio. 当我们在收音机上听到新闻时，我们正在厨房吃饭。 （2）在while引导的时间状语从句中，主句与从句均用过去进行时，表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行。while意为“当……时候；同时”。如： I was doing my homework while my sister was watching TV. 当我姐姐看电视时，我在写作业。 考点追踪 1. They _____________ (talk) about the TV play when I came into the room yesterday. 2. He didn’t notice his mother’s coming just now for he _________________ (prepare) for the coming exam. 3. While I ________________ (wash) my clothes last night, the power suddenly went out. 4. I saw him in the library yesterday. He ___________ (read) a book at that time. 5. Mom asked Bob to sweep the floor because she ________________ (cook) in the kitchen. were talking was preparing was washing was reading was cooking ■考点六 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 句型结构 基本用法 主语+ have/ has+动词过去分词+其他 ①I/ We/ They/ You/ 复数名词+ have + 动词过去分词... ②He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ has + 动词过去分词... 2. 现在完成时的用法 （1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响和结果。如： I joined the book club last month and I have read five books already. 上个月我加入了读书俱乐部，并且我已经读了五本书了。 （2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。谓语由表示持续动作或状态的延续性动词充当。如： It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates. 自从我们上次见到我们的小学同学，已经过去三年了。 3. 终止性动词与延续性动词 终止性动词表示瞬间动作，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果要连用，此时需将终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。常见转换如下表所示： 终止性动词 延续性动词 终止性动词 延续性动词 buy have catch a cold have a cold borrow keep put on wear open be open get up be up close be closed wake up be awake begin/ start be on fall asleep be asleep come be here lose not have go be there join be in 续表 finish be over leave be away die be dead arrive/ reach be (in) 4. 现在完成时的时间状语有：already, yet, never, ever, just, before, so far, up to/ till now, recently, in the last/ past two years, over the years等。 5. 特殊用法 （1）have been to, have gone to, have been in三种结构的区别： have been to 表示“曾经去过某地（已回）” —Where is your father? —My father has gone to Shijiazhuang. He has been in Shijiazhuang for half a year, but I have never been to the city before. have gone to 表示“已去某地（未回）” have been in 表示“待在某地” （2）It is the+序数词+time (that) sb.+have/ has done sth. 这是某人第几次做某事。如： It is the first time that I have received your letter. 这是我第一次收到你的来信。 易混辨析 一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。 Peter bought a new computer yesterday. (强调是昨天买的电脑) 现在完成时 强调过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果，与现在的情况有联系，不可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。 Peter has bou- ght a new com- puter. (强调彼得现在有一台电脑) 考点追踪 1. Plants _____________ (provide) great support for nature over millions of years. 2. I’m afraid we’d better hurry up. The talk we look forward to _________ (begin) already. 3. We ___________ (tell) you about the news several times. Why are you still asking me about that? 4. Daniel ________________ (travel) to a lot of places before, but Handan interests him most. 5. Since the movie came out, it __________________ (increase) many young people’s interest in Chinese cartoons. have provided has begun have told has travel(l)ed has increased 短文填空。 Meg Lowman 1. _________ (love) leaves since her childhood. As a scientist, she decided to study the highest parts of rainforest trees. No one had done this much before, especially women. Though she knew that would be dangerous and challenging, she 2. _________ (want) to try. In the 1980s, she went to Australia’s Daintree Rainforest, where the trees were as tall as buildings. There, she 3. _________ (become) the first woman to climb tall trees. One day, while she 4. ____________ (climb) a huge tree with ropes, it suddenly rained heavily. The tree trunk became as slippery as soap, but she held the rope tightly and moved slowly upward. “I can do this,” she told herself. When she has loved wanted became was climbing reached the treetop, she found a lively place: birds 5. ______________ (sing) loudly, little insects were moving on the leaves, and the trees were releasing water into the air like a small cloud. What an amazing world it was! Meg realized that trees 6. _________ (be) like homes for many animals and help make the air clean. But sadly, many forests are cut down every year. She 7. _________ (hope) people can understand their importance and take action to save them. Meg 8. _________ (spend) more than 30 years studying treetops. Her research shows how much forests help the Earth stay healthy. In the future, she 9. _________ (start) new projects to teach people about these “green skies”. were singing are hopes has spent will start $