内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习
专题07 数词
考点一
基数词
使用秘籍:
基数词表示数目的多少,如 one, two, three 等,主要用于表达数量、年龄、时间、价格等。
1、 基数词的构成与拼写
范围
规则
例子
1--12
独立的单词,需单独记忆
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13--19
以-teen结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20--90
整十以-ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21-99
十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”
twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three
100-999
百位数 + and + 末两位
若无十位则和个位之间加and
123: one hundred and twenty-three
108: one hundred and eight
1,000以上
hundred (百), thousand (千), million (百万), billion (十亿)
前面有数字时后面不用加s
three hundred, seven thousand,
four million, eight billion
二、基数词书写注意事项
1. 1-12 单独记忆:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2. 13-19 均以 -teen 结尾:
- thirteen(十三),fourteen(十四),fifteen(十五),sixteen(十六),seventeen(十七),eighteen(十八),nineteen(十九)
- 注意: thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 的拼写有变化
3. 20-90 整十数均以 -ty 结尾:
- twenty(二十),thirty(三十),forty(四十),fifty(五十),sixty(六十),seventy(七十),eighty(八十),ninety(九十)
- 注意: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty 的拼写有变化
4. 几十几:整十数 + 连字符 + 个位数,如:twenty-one(二十一),thirty-five(三十五)
5. 几百几:百位数 + and + 末两位,如:one hundred and twenty-three(一百二十三)
若无十位则和个位之间加and,如:one hundred and eight(一百零八)
6. 百、千、百万、十亿的表达
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion 前有具体数字时,不加 s
如:two hundred(√),two hundreds(×)
(2) 表示“成百上千”“成千上万”等模糊数量时,hundred/thousand 等词后加 s,且加 of
如:hundreds of(成百上千),thousands of(成千上万),millions of(数百万)
考点再现
写出下列数字对应的基数词
1). 1 __________ 11). 11 __________ 21). 30 __________
2). 2 __________ 12). 12 __________ 22). 40 __________
3). 3 __________ 13). 13 __________ 23). 50 __________
4). 4 __________ 14). 14 __________ 24). 60 __________
5). 5 __________ 15). 15 __________ 25). 70 __________
6). 6 __________ 16). 16 __________ 26). 80 __________
7). 7 __________ 17). 17 __________ 27). 90 __________
8). 8 __________ 18). 18 __________ 28). 100 __________
9). 9 __________ 19). 19 __________ 29). 1,000 __________
10). 10 __________ 20). 20 __________ 30). 1,000,000 __________
过关训练
写出正确的数字或英文表达
1. 28 ____________ 11. forty-five ________
2. 35 ____________ 12. hundred and twenty-three ________
3. 48 ____________ 13. three thousand eight hundred and sixty-two ________
4. 89 ____________ 14. nine hundred and ninety-nine ________
5. 97 ____________ 15. seventy-six ________
6. 121 ____________ 16. two thousand and five ________
7. 258 ____________ 17. fifteen ________
8. 629 ____________ 17. four hundred and seven ________
9. 5,000 ____________ 19. eighty-three ________
10. 10,000 ____________ 20. six thousand four hundred and thirty-one ________
考点二
序数词
使用秘籍:
序数词表示顺序,意为“第几”,主要用于表达日期、楼层、名次、生日等。
1、 序数词的构成
大多数序数词由基数词加 -th 构成。
1
first
11
eleventh
21
twenty-first
2
second
12
twelfth
30
thirtieth
3
third
13
thirteenth
40
fortieth
4
fourth
14
fourteenth
50
fiftieth
5
fifth
15
fifteenth
60
sixtieth
6
sixth
16
sixteenth
70
seventieth
7
seventh
17
seventeenth
80
eightieth
8
eighth
18
eighteenth
90
ninetieth
9
ninth
19
nineteenth
100
hundredth
10
tenth
20
twentieth
二、序数词书写注意事项
1. 第一 first,第二 second,第三 third 需单独记忆
2. 第五 fifth(变 ve 为 f 再加 -th),第八 eighth(去掉一个 t),第九 ninth(去掉 e),第十二 twelfth(变 ve 为 f 再加 -th)
3. 整十数序数词:twenty → twentieth(变 y 为 i 加 -eth)
4. 几十几:只变个位数为序数词,十位数不变,中间加连字符
- twenty-one → twenty-first口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th
一二.三, 特殊记
八去t, 九去e
ve要用f替
ty变成tie
若想表达几十几, 只变个位就可以。
- thirty-two → thirty-second
- ninety-nine → ninety-ninth
三、序数词的缩略形式
序数词的缩写形式为:数字 + 最后两个字母
- first → 1st
- second → 2nd
- third → 3rd
- fourth → 4th
- twenty-first → 21st
- thirty-second → 32nd
- forty-third → 43rd
- fifty-fourth → 54th
易错点
1. 序数词前一般加 the,表示“第几”:the first(第一个),the second(第二个)
2. 序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格时,不加 the:my first time(我的第一次),Tom’s second book(汤姆的第二本书)
3. 日期表达用序数词:May 5th(5月5日),读作 May the fifth
4. 分数表达中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词:1/3 = one third,2/5 = two fifths(分子大于1时,分母加 s)
考点再现
写出下列基数词对应的序数词
1. one ____________ 11. twelve ____________
2. two ____________ 12. thirteen ____________
3. three ____________ 13. fifteen ____________
4. four ____________ 14. eighteen ___________
5. five ____________ 15. twenty ____________
6. six ____________ 16. twenty-one ____________
7. seven ____________ 17. thirty-two ____________
8. eight ____________ 18. forty-three ____________
9. nine ____________ 19. ninety-nine ____________
10. ten ____________ 20. one hundred ____________
过关训练
单项选择
( ) 1. Today is my ______ birthday.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelve D. the twelfth
( ) 2. He lives on the ______ floor.
A. five B. fifth C. the five D. the fifth
( ) 3. Monday is the ______ day of the week.
A. first B. one C. second D. two
( ) 4. —How many times have you been to Beijing?
—This is my ______ time.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
( ) 5. December is the ______ month of the year.
A. twelfth B. twelve C. twentieth D. twenty
( ) 6. The ______ question is the most difficult.
A. twenty-two B. twenty-second C. the twenty-two D. the twenty-second
( ) 7. My brother is the ______ child in my family.
A. two B. second C. the two D. the second
( ) 8. —What‘s the date today? —It’s ______ .
A. October ten B. October the ten C. October tenth D. October the tenth
( ) 9. He won the ______ place in the running race.
A. fifty B. fiftieth C. the fifty D. the fiftieth
( ) 10. I sit in the ______ row.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
考点三
数词的应用
使用秘籍:
数词在日常生活中应用广泛,包括时间表达、日期表达、年龄表达、价格表达、分数表达、倍数表达等。
一、时间表达
时间类型
表达方式
例句
整点
基数词 + o‘clock
7:00 → seven o‘clock
半点
half past + 基数词
7:30 → half past seven
一刻钟
quarter past/to + 基数词
7:15 → quarter past seven;
7:45 → quarter to eight
几点过几分
分钟数 + past + 小时数
7:20 → twenty past seven
几点差几分
分钟数 + to + 下一个小时数
7:40 → twenty to eight
几点几分
直接读数字(先小时后分钟)
7:20 → seven twenty
二、日期表达法
表达方式
书写形式
读法
月日
May 5th
May the fifth
日月
5th May
the fifth of May
年月
May, 2025
May twenty twenty-five
年月日
May 5th, 2025
May the fifth, twenty twenty-five
三、分数表达法
分数
读法
规则
1/2
one half / a half
特殊记忆
1/3
one third
分子用基数词,分母用序数词
2/3
two thirds
分子大于1时,分母加 s
1/4
one quarter / one fourth
quarter 更常用
3/4
three quarters / three fourths
quarter 更常用
四、其他常见应用
1. 百分数表达:百分之几用 percent,无复数形式
- 25% → twenty-five percent
2. 编号表达:可用基数词(大写)或 the +序数词
- 第五课:Lesson Five / the fifth lesson
- 第10页:Page 10 / the tenth page
3. 加减乘除表达:
- 加法:3 + 2 = 5 → Three plus two is five.
- 减法:5 - 2 = 3 → Five minus two is three.
- 乘法:3 × 2 = 6 → Three times two is six.
- 除法:6 ÷ 2 = 3 → Six divided by two is three.
易错点
1. 时间 half past 结构中,half 前不加 a:half past seven(√),a half past seven(×)
2. 时间 a quarter 结构中,quarter 前要加 a:a quarter past seven(√),quarter past seven(×)
3. 年龄作定语时,名词要用单数,且加连字符:an 18-year-old boy(√),an 18-years-old boy(×)
4. 百分数中的 percent 不加 s:twenty percent(√),twenty percents(×)
5. 分数表达中,分子大于1时,分母的序数词要加 s:two thirds(√),two third(×)
考点再现
一、根据中文提示,写出正确的时间表达
1. 6:15 __________________
2. 7:30 __________________
3. 8:45 __________________
4. 9:20 __________________
5. 10:50 __________________
二、根据中文提示,写出正确的分数表达
1. 1/2 __________________
2. 1/4 __________________
3. 3/4 __________________
4. 2/5 __________________
5. 5/8 __________________
过关训练
单项选择
( ) 1. —What time is it? —It‘s ______ .
A. half past three B. three half C. half three D. half to three
( ) 2. —When is your birthday? —It’s on ______ .
A. October three B. October the three C. October third D. October the third
( ) 3. My sister is a ______ girl.
A. ten year old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-old D. ten-years old
( ) 4. ______ of the students in our class are girls.
A. Two three B. Two third C. Two thirds D. Second three
( ) 5. —How old is your brother? —He is ______ .
A. sixteen years old B. sixteen year old
C. sixteenth years old D. sixteenth year old
( ) 6. About ______ of the earth is covered with water.
A. three fourth B. three four C. three fourths D. third fourths
( ) 7. —What‘s the date today? —It’s ______ .
A. July 12th B. July 12 C. 12 July D. July 12nd
( ) 8. He got ______ in the English exam.
A. ninety-eight percent B. ninety-eight percents
C. ninety-eighth percent D. ninety-eighth percents
一、用所给数词的适当形式填空
1. There are ________ (7) days in a week.
2. December is the ________ (12) month of the year.
3. My brother is ________ (9) years old.
4. This is my ________ (1) time to visit Shanghai.
5. He lives on the ________ (5) floor.
6. We have ________ (24) hours in a day.
7. Monday is the ________ (2) day of the week.
8. There are ________ (100) students in the hall.
9. Her birthday is on March the ________ (8).
10. Please turn to page ________ (20).
二、单项选择
( ) 1. ________ students took part in the sports meeting.
A. Hundreds of B. Hundred of C. Two hundreds D. Two hundred of
( ) 2. He is a ________ boy.
A. ten year old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-old D. ten-years old
( ) 3. My uncle is in his ________.
A. thirty B. thirtieth C. thirties D. thirty’s
( ) 4. About ________ of the students in our class are boys.
A. two three B. two third C. two thirds D. second three
( ) 5. —What time is it? —It’s ________.
A. half past eight B. eight half C. half eight D. half to eight
( ) 6. He wrote a ________ composition last week.
A. two-thousand-words B. two-thousand-word
C. two-thousands-word D. two-thousands-words
( ) 7. The number of the workers in this factory is about ________ .
A. two hundred and thirty-five B. two hundreds and thirty five
C. two hundreds thirty five D. two hundred and thirty five
( ) 8. —What’s the date today? —It’s ________ .
A. October three B. October the three C. October third D. October the third
( ) 9. He came in ________ place in the running race.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
( ) 10. This building is ________ that one.
A. three times as tall as B. three times tall as
C. as three times tall as D. as tall three times as
三、改错题
下列句子中有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1. He has two hundreds books.
________________________________________
2. She is a fifteen-years-old girl.
________________________________________
3. Three fifth of the students are from Shanghai.
________________________________________
4. My birthday is on June the five.
________________________________________
5. I usually go to school by a bike.
________________________________________
答案与解析
考点一:基数词
考点再现
写出下列数字对应的基数词
1). 1 → one
2). 2 → two
3). 3 → three
4). 4 → four
5). 5 → five
6). 6 → six
7). 7 → seven
8). 8 → eight
9). 9 → nine
10). 10 → ten
11). 11 → eleven
12). 12 → twelve
13). 13 → thirteen
14). 14 → fourteen
15). 15 → fifteen
16). 16 → sixteen
17). 17 → seventeen
18). 18 → eighteen
19). 19 → nineteen
20). 20 → twenty
21). 30 → thirty
22). 40 → forty
23). 50 → fifty
24). 60 → sixty
25). 70 → seventy
26). 80 → eighty
27). 90 → ninety
28). 100 → one hundred
29). 1,000 → one thousand
30). 1,000,000 → one million
过关训练
写出正确的数字或英文表达
1. 28 → twenty-eight
2. 35 → thirty-five
3. 48 → forty-eight
4. 89 → eighty-nine
5. 97 → ninety-seven
6. 121 → one hundred and twenty-one
7. 258 → two hundred and fifty-eight
8. 629 → six hundred and twenty-nine
9. 5,000 → five thousand
10. 10,000 → ten thousand
11. forty-five → 45
12. one hundred and twenty-three → 123
13. three thousand eight hundred and sixty-two → 3,862
14. nine hundred and ninety-nine → 999
15. seventy-six → 76
16. two thousand and five → 2,005
17. fifteen → 15
18. four hundred and seven → 407
19. eighty-three → 83
20. six thousand four hundred and thirty-one → 6,431
考点二 序数词
考点再现
写出下列基数词对应的序数词
1. one → first
2. two → second
3. three → third
4. four → fourth
5. five → fifth
6. six → sixth
7. seven → seventh
8. eight → eighth
9. nine → ninth
10. ten → tenth
11. twelve → twelfth
12. thirteen → thirteenth
13. fifteen → fifteenth
14. eighteen → eighteenth
15. twenty → twentieth
16. twenty-one → twenty-first
17. thirty-two → thirty-second
18. forty-three → forty-third
19. ninety-nine → ninety-ninth
20. one hundred → one hundredth
过关训练
单项选择
1. B
- 解析:表达“我的第十二个生日”,序数词前有物主代词my时,不加the,故选twelfth。
2. B
- 解析:表达“住在第五层”,序数词前一般加the,但选项中B是fifth,D是the fifth,而floor前已有the,故选fifth。实际上“on the fifth floor”才是完整表达,题目选项中B为fifth,相当于省略了the。
3. C
- 解析:星期一是一周的第二天,用序数词second。注意英美习惯不同,有的认为周日是第一天,但常用表达中Monday是第二天。
4. B
- 解析:表达“这是我的第三次”,序数词前有物主代词my时,不加the,故选third。
5. A
- 解析:十二月是一年的第十二个月,用序数词twelfth。
6. B
- 解析:表达“第二十二个问题”,序数词前一般加the,但选项中B是twenty-second,相当于省略了the。若选D则重复冠词。
7. B
- 解析:表达“家里的第二个孩子”,序数词前有定冠词the,但选项中B为second,相当于the second child的省略形式。
8. D
- 解析:日期表达常用“月份+the+序数词”,October the tenth。
9. B
- 解析:表达“获得第五十名”,序数词fiftieth前加the,但选项中B为fiftieth,相当于省略了the。
10. B
- 解析:表达“坐在第三排”,序数词前一般加the,但选项中B为third,相当于省略了the。
考点三 数词的应用
考点再现
一、根据中文提示,写出正确的时间表达
1. 6:15 → a quarter past six / six fifteen
2. 7:30 → half past seven / seven thirty
3. 8:45 → a quarter to nine / eight forty-five
4. 9:20 → twenty past nine / nine twenty
5. 10:50 → ten to eleven / ten fifty
二、根据中文提示,写出正确的分数表达
1. 1/2 → one half / a half
2. 1/4 → one quarter / a quarter / one fourth
3. 3/4 → three quarters / three fourths
4. 2/5 → two fifths
5. 5/8 → five eighths
过关训练
单项选择
1. A
- 解析:7:30的正确表达是half past seven。half past结构是固定表达,half前不加a。
2. D
- 解析:日期表达“月份+the+序数词”,October the third。
3. C
- 解析:年龄作定语修饰名词时,用连字符连接,名词用单数,ten-year-old。
4. C
- 解析:分数表达中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时分母加s,2/3读作two thirds。
5. A
- 解析:询问年龄,回答用“数字+year(s)+old”,16大于1,year用复数years。
6. C
- 解析:3/4读作three fourths。分子大于1,分母加s,故选three fourths。
7. A
- 解析:日期表达可用“月份+日期+序数词缩写”,July 12th正确。July 12中12应读作序数词但书写形式不规范,July 12nd中12的序数缩写应为12th。
8. A
- 解析:百分数表达中,percent无复数形式,不加s;数字用基数词,故选ninety-eight percent。
强化练习
一、用所给数词的适当形式填空
1. seven
- 解析:一周有七天,表示数量用基数词。
2. twelfth
- 解析:十二月是第十二个月,表示顺序用序数词twelfth。
3. nine
- 解析:表示年龄“九岁”,用基数词nine。
4. first
- 解析:表示“第一次”,用序数词first。
5. fifth
- 解析:表示“第五层”,用序数词fifth。
6. twenty-four
- 解析:一天有24小时,表示数量用基数词twenty-four。
7. second
- 解析:星期一是第二天,用序数词second。
8. one hundred
- 解析:表示数量“一百”,用基数词one hundred。
9. eighth
- 解析:日期表达用序数词,3月8日写作March the eighth。
10. twentieth
- 解析:表示“第20页”,用序数词twentieth,page twenty也可。
二、单项选择
1. A
- 解析:hundreds of表示“成百上千”,表示模糊数量时加s且加of。有具体数字时不加s,但无具体数字时用hundreds of。
2. C
- 解析:年龄作定语修饰名词,用连字符连接,名词用单数,ten-year-old。
3. C
- 解析:in one's thirties表示“在某人三十多岁时”,是固定用法,用复数形式thirties。
4. C
- 解析:分数表达,2/3读作two thirds,分子大于1,分母加s。
5. A
- 解析:8:30的正确表达是half past eight。
6. B
- 解析:复合形容词作定语,名词用单数,two-thousand-word composition。
7. A
- 解析:数字235的英文表达是two hundred and thirty-five。hundred前有具体数字时不加s,and不能省略。
8. D
- 解析:日期表达“月份+the+序数词”,October the third。
9. D
- 解析:表示“获得第三名”,用the third place。place前需要加the。
10. A
- 解析:倍数表达“是...的几倍”,结构为“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”,three times as tall as。
三、改错题
1. 错误:two hundreds
改正:two hundred
解析:hundred前有具体数字时,不加s。two hundred表示“两百”。
2. 错误:fifteen-years-old
改正:fifteen-year-old
解析:复合形容词作定语时,名词用单数形式,连字符连接。fifteen-year-old girl。
3. 错误:Three fifth
改正:Three fifths
解析:分数表达中,分子大于1时,分母的序数词要加s。3/5读作three fifths。
4. 错误:June the five
改正:June the fifth
解析:日期表达中,日期要用序数词,六月五日应为June the fifth。
5. 错误:by a bike
改正:by bike
解析:表示交通方式,用“by+交通工具名词”,名词前不加冠词,不加复数。by bike是固定搭配。
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