内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习
专题12 动词
考点一
系动词
使用秘籍:
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。
1、 系动词的分类
类别
常见词
例句
Be动词“是”
be (am/is/are/was/were)(是)
She is a teacher.
(她是一名老师。)
持续系动词表“保持”
keep, remain, stay
Please keep quiet.
(请保持安静。)
表象系动词表“似乎”
seem, appear
He seems happy.
(他似乎很开心。)
感官系动词
look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉;摸起来)
The flower smells sweet.
(这花闻起来很香。)
变化系动词表“变得”
become, get, grow, turn, go, come
It gets cold.
(天气变冷了。)
易错点
1. 系动词有人称、数和时态的变化
如:She keeps silent. 她保持沉默。
They got angry after seeing that. 他们看到后很生气。
2. 系动词后面➕形容词、名词或代词,不能加副词
如:She looks happy.(正确)
She looks happily.(错误)
3. “看起来”是look,不是see;“听起来”是sound,不是hear也不是listen。
如:The cake looks good.(正确)
The cake sees good.(错误)
The idea sounds good.(正确)
The idea hears/listens good.(错误)
考点再现
一、用适当的系动词填空
1. The weather _________ (是)hot in summer.
2. The music _________ (听起来)beautiful. I love it.
3. You _________ (看起来)very tired. Go to bed early.
4. The leaves _________ (变得)yellow in autumn.
5. Please _________ (保持)calm. Everything will be OK.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. The cake _______ delicious. I want another piece.
A. tastes B. sounds C. looks D. feels
( ) 2. My father _______ a doctor. He works in a hospital.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
( ) 3. It _______ colder and colder. Winter is coming.
A. getting B. gets C. is getting D. get
( ) 4. The little girl _______ sad because she lost her toy.
A. looked B. looks C. is looking D. look
( ) 5. —What do you think of the soup?
—It _______ a little salty.
A. smells B. sounds C. tastes D. looks
过关训练
选择正确的系动词填空
1. The man _______ (be) my English teacher.
2. Her voice _______ (sound) sweet.
3. The students _______ (keep) quiet in the library.
4. The flowers _______ (smell) nice in spring.
5. You _______ (look) unhappy yesterday. What happened?
6. The story _______ (seem) interesting. I want to read it.
7. The sky _______ (turn) dark before the rain.
8. My grandfather _______ (stay) healthy by exercising every day.
考点二
实义动词
使用秘籍:
实义动词是表示动作的动词,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语,有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。
动词的形式:
形式
规则
例子
原形
基本形式
work, do, study
第三人称单数
1. 一般情况下,直接在词尾加 -s
2. 以 s、x、sh、ch、o 结尾的动词,加 -es
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i,再加 -es
4. 特殊变化:have 变为 has
works, does, studies
过去式(表示过去发生的动作)
1. 一般情况下,直接在词尾加 -ed
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,直接加 -d
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
4. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ed
5. 不规则变化
worked, does, studied, lived, stopped, drank
现在分词(用于进行时态be doing)
1. 一般情况下,直接在词尾加 -ing
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e,再加 -ing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ing
4. 以 ie 结尾的动词,先变 ie 为 y,再加 -ing
working, doing,
studying, living,
running, lying
过去分词(用于完成时态have/has done和被动语态be done)
1. 规则变化和过去式相同
2. 不规则变化
worked, does, studied, lived, stopped, drunk
考点再现
写出下列动词的三单形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词形式
1. go _________ ________ ________ ________
2. have _________ ________ ________ ________
3. fly _________ ________ ________ ________
4. say _________ ________ ________ ________
5. wash _________ ________ ________ ________
6. catch _________ ________ ________ ________
7. drop _________ ________ ________ ________
8. run _________ ________ ________ ________
9. die _________ ________ ________ ________
10. write _________ ________ ________ ________
过关训练
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. He usually _________ (get) up at 6:30.
2. —What _________ you _________ (do) yesterday?
—I _________ (visit) my grandparents.
3. Look! The cat _________ (climb) the tree.
4. My father _________ (buy) a new car last week.
5. _________ (not forget) to turn off the lights when you leave.
6. She _________ (watch) TV every evening, but she _________ (not watch) now.
7. They _________ (be) good friends for many years.
8. _________ you ever _________ (be) to Beijing?
9. Please _________ (give) me a glass of water.
10. The teacher _________ (tell) us an interesting story yesterday.
考点三
情态动词
使用秘籍:
情态动词表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
一、重点:
1. 情态动词后面必须要加动词原形
2. 情态动词变否定直接在情态动词后加not,变疑问句直接把情态动词提前
3. 部分情态动词有过去式,过去式可用于一般现在时,表委婉语气
情态动词
含义
用法
例句
can
能,会
表示能力、许可、可能性
I can swim.(我会游泳。)
could
能,可以
can的过去式,用于一般现在时语气更委婉
Could you help me?(你能帮我吗?)
I could swim when I was six.(我六岁的时候会游泳。)
may
可以,可能
表示请求许可或可能性
May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
might
可能
may的过去式,语气更不确定
It might rain.(可能会下雨。)
shall
将要
用于第一人称提问征求意见
Shall we go?(我们走吗?)
shuold
应该
表示建议、劝告
You should see a doctor.
(你应该去看医生。)
will
将,愿意
表示意愿或将来
I will help you.(我愿意帮你。)
would
将要,愿意
will的过去式,语气更委婉
Would you like some tea?
(你想喝点茶吗?)
must
必须
表示义务、必要或强烈推测;否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止”
You must finish your homework.(你必须完成作业。)
need
需要
多用于否定句和疑问句
You needn't worry.(你不必担心。)
2、 易错点
1. must vs. have to
must
have to
含义
主观"必须"
客观"不得不"
时态
只有现在时
有时态变化
否定
mustn't(禁止)
don't have to(不必)
例句;- I must study hard.(我要努力学习。——主观意愿)
- I have to wear a uniform at school.(我不得不在学校穿校服。——客观要求)
2. may be vs. maybe
may be
maybe
含义
两个单词,表示“也许是”
也许
词性
情态动词+be动词
副词
位置
作谓语
作状语
否定
may not be
无否定形式
例句:- He may be at home.(他也许在家。)
- Maybe he is at home.(也许他在家。)
3. can't be vs. mustn't
can't be
mustn't
含义
不可能(否定推测)
禁止
用法
用于否定推测
用于表达规定
例句:- That can't be true.(那不可能是真的。——否定推测)
- You mustn't smoke here.(你禁止在这里吸烟。——规定)
考点再现
一、单项选择
( ) 1. —______ I borrow your pen?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
( ) 2. You _______ cross the road when the light is red.
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. may
( ) 3. —Whose notebook is this?
—It _______ be Tom's. His name is on it.
A. shuold B. might C. must D. need
( ) 4. _______ you please turn down the music? I'm studying.
A. May B. Should C. Could D. Must
( ) 5. —______ I go out to play, Mum?
—No, you _______. You haven't finished your homework.
A. May; mustn't B. Can; needn't C. Must; can't D. May; needn't
过关训练
一、单项选择
( ) 1. —Must I finish my homework now?
—No, you _______. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
( ) 2. —______ I use your phone? Mine is broken.
—Of course. Here you are.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
( ) 3. You _______ be quiet in the library. It's a rule.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( ) 4. —Look at the clouds. It _______ rain soon.
—Yes, let's go home quickly.
A. should B. may C. must D. need
( ) 5. He _______ be at school. I saw him in the library just now.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
二、用适当的情态动词填空
1. You _______ be late for class again. The teacher will be angry.
2. —______ I have open the window?
—Yes, you may.
3. She _______ speak three languages: Chinese, English and French.
4. —Who is knocking at the door?
—It _______ be Mary. She said she would come.
5. You _______ help your mother with the housework. It's your duty.
一、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. He ______ (play) basketball every afternoon.
2. Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in the next room.
3. They ______ (go) to the zoo last Sunday.
4. My mother ______ (cook) dinner when I got home.
5. I ______ (finish) my homework already.
6. She ______ (not like) eating spicy food.
7. ______ you ______ (see) the movie last night?
8. The students ______ (have) a meeting right now.
9. We ______ (visit) the museum next weekend.
10. He ______ (live) in Shanghai since 2020.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. The soup ______ a little salty. You can add some water.
A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. smells
( ) 2. --- ______ I go swimming with my friends?
---Yes, you may. But you ______ be careful.
A. May; may B. Can; can C. Must; must D. May; must
( ) 3. In winter, the weather ______ colder and colder.
A. gets B. turns C. becomes D. all of the above
( ) 4. ---Whose bag is this?
---It ______ be Lucy's. Look, her name is on it.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
( ) 5. You ______ worry about me. I can take care of myself.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
( ) 6. My sister ______ very beautiful in that red dress.
A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. feels
( ) 7. ---Let's go to the park tomorrow.
---I'd love to, but I ______ stay at home and look after my little brother.
A. can B. may C. have to D. should
( ) 8. The little baby ______ five months old next week.
A. is going to be B. will be C. is being D. A and B
三、改错题
下列句子中有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1. She can speaks English very well.
________________________________________________
2. You mustn't to smoke in the hospital.
________________________________________________
3. He do his homework every day.
________________________________________________
4. May I borrow your ruler? ---Yes, you must.
________________________________________________
5. The coffee smells well.
________________________________________________
答案与解析
考点梳理
考点一:系动词
考点再现
一、用适当的系动词填空
1. is
- 解析:summer是第三人称单数,且描述客观事实,be动词用is。
2. sounds
- 解析:music是第三人称单数,描述音乐听起来怎么样,用sound的第三人称单数形式sounds。
3. look
- 解析:you作主语,系动词用原形look,表示“看起来”。
4. turn / become / get
- 解析:leaves是复数,表示“树叶变黄”,turn / become / get都可以表示变化,用原形。
5. keep
- 解析:祈使句用动词原形,keep表示“保持”。
二、单项选择
1. A
- 解析:蛋糕尝起来美味,用taste。look是看起来,sound是听起来,feel是摸起来,不符合语境。
2. B
- 解析:my father是第三人称单数,be动词用is,表示“是”。
3. C
- 解析:表示“天气变得越来越冷”,强调变化过程,用现在进行时is getting。
4. A
- 解析:描述过去的事情(丢失玩具发生在过去),用一般过去时looked。
5. C
- 解析:汤尝起来有点咸,用taste。smell是闻起来,sound是听起来,look是看起来。
过关训练
1. is
- 解析:The man是第三人称单数,be动词用is。
2. sounds
- 解析:Her voice是第三人称单数,sound表示“听起来”。
3. keep
- 解析:The students是复数,keep用原形,表示“保持”。
4. smell
- 解析:The flowers是复数,smell用原形,表示“闻起来”。
5. looked
- 解析:yesterday提示过去时,look用过去式looked。
6. seems
- 解析:The story是第三人称单数,seem用seems。
7. turns
- 解析:The sky是第三人称单数,turn表示“变得”,用turns。
8. stays
- 解析:My grandfather是第三人称单数,stay表示“保持”,用stays。
考点二 实义动词
考点再现
写出下列动词的五种形式:
1. go → goes → going → went → gone
2. have → has → having → had → had
3. fly → flies → flying → flew → flown
4. say → says → saying → said → said
5. wash → washes → washing → washed → washed
6. catch → catches → catching → caught → caught
7. drop → drops → dropping → dropped → dropped
8. run → runs → running → ran → run
9. die → dies → dying → died → died
10. write → writes → writing → wrote → written
过关训练
1. gets
- 解析:usually表示经常性动作,主语He是第三人称单数,get用gets。
2. did; do; visited
- 解析:yesterday提示过去时,疑问句借助did,后面动词用原形do;答语也用过去式visited。
3. is climbing
- 解析:Look!提示动作正在进行,用现在进行时is climbing。
4. bought
- 解析:last week提示过去时,buy的过去式是bought。
5. Don't forget
- 解析:祈使句的否定形式,在动词原形前加Don't。
6. watches; isn't watching
- 解析:every evening提示经常性动作,用watches;now提示现在进行时,否定形式isn't watching。
7. have been
- 解析:for many years提示一段时间,用现在完成时have been。
8. Have; been
- 解析:ever提示现在完成时,主语you,用Have you been。
9. give
- 解析:Please后面接动词原形,构成祈使句。
10. told
- 解析:yesterday提示过去时,tell的过去式是told。
考点三 情态动词
考点再现
一、单项选择
1. B
- 解析:May I...?表示请求许可,语气委婉。Must表示必须,Need表示需要,Should表示应该,不符合请求借东西的语境。
2. C
- 解析:红灯亮时禁止过马路,mustn't表示“禁止”。
3. C
- 解析:名字在上面,所以一定是Tom的,must表示肯定推测。
4. C
- 解析:Could you please...?表示委婉请求,语气比Can更客气。
5. A
- 解析:May I...?表示请求许可;mustn't表示“禁止”,因为作业没做完所以不允许出去玩。
过关训练
一、单项选择
1. C
- 解析:Must I...?的否定回答用needn't,表示“不必”。mustn't表示“禁止”,不符合语境。
2. B
- 解析:May I...?表示请求许可,语气礼貌委婉。
3. C
- 解析:图书馆保持安静是规定,must表示“必须”。
4. B
- 解析:看乌云密布,可能会下雨,may表示可能性推测。
5. A
- 解析:刚才在图书馆看见他,所以不可能在学校,can't表示否定推测。
二、用适当的情态动词填空
1. mustn't
- 解析:再次迟到老师会生气,表示“禁止”,用mustn't。
2. May / Can
- 解析:请求允许打开窗户,May I / Can I都可以。
3. can
- 解析:表示能力“会说三种语言”,用can。
4. might / may
- 解析:他说过要来,可能是Mary,用might/may表示可能性推测。
5. should
- 解析:帮助妈妈做家务是责任,should表示“应该”。
强化练习
一、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. plays
- 解析:every afternoon表示经常性动作,主语He是第三人称单数,play用plays。
2. is singing
- 解析:Listen!提示动作正在进行,用现在进行时is singing。
3. went
- 解析:last Sunday表示过去时间,go的过去式是went。
4. was cooking
- 解析:when I got home表示过去某一时刻,妈妈正在做饭,用过去进行时was cooking。
5. have finished
- 解析:already提示现在完成时,have finished。
6. doesn't like
- 解析:描述一般情况,主语She是第三人称单数,否定用doesn't like。
7. Did; see
- 解析:last night提示过去时,一般疑问句借助Did,后面动词用原形see。
8. are having
- 解析:right now提示现在正在进行,用现在进行时are having。
9. will visit / are going to visit
- 解析:next weekend提示将来时,will visit或are going to visit都可以。
10. has lived
- 解析:since 2020提示动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时has lived。
二、单项选择
1. C
- 解析:汤尝起来有点咸,用taste。smell是闻起来,look是看起来,sound是听起来。
2. D
- 解析:May I...?请求许可;must表示“必须”,提醒对方一定要小心。
3. D
- 解析:get / turn / become都可以表示“变得”,三者都正确。
4. C
- 解析:名字在上面,所以一定是Lucy的,must表示肯定推测。
5. B
- 解析:needn't表示“不必”,不用担心我。mustn't是禁止,can't是不可能,shouldn't是不应该。
6. A
- 解析:穿红裙子看起来漂亮,look表示“看起来”。
7. C
- 解析:客观原因不得不待在家里,have to表示“不得不”。
8. D
- 解析:next week提示将来时,is going to be和will be都可以表示将来。
三、改错题
1. 错误:speaks
改正:speak
解析:情态动词can后面必须跟动词原形,不能跟第三人称单数形式。
2. 错误:to smoke
改正:smoke
解析:mustn't是情态动词,后面直接跟动词原形,不需要加to。
3. 错误:do
改正:does
解析:主语He是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't后跟原形,这里肯定句应用does。
4. 错误:you must
改正:you may
解析:May I...?的肯定回答用Yes, you may,不能用must。
5. 错误:well
改正:good
解析:smell是系动词,后面应接形容词作表语,well是副词,good是形容词。
第 1 页 共 7 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$