精品解析：江苏泰州中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期中考试高二英语试题

江苏省泰州中学2025～2026学年度第二学期期中考试 高二英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟； 总分：150分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What event will the woman attend on the sports day? A. The long jump. B. The high jump. C. The swimming race. 2. What is the weather probably like now? A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny. 3. Why doesn’t the woman like pre-packaged iced coffees? A. They are over-packaged. B. They fail to wake her up. C. They have too much sugar. 4. Which season is it now? A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter. 5. What is the man probably doing? A. Playing an instrument. B. Practicing singing. C. Creating music. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a gym. B. At the airport. C. At a doctor’s office. 7. How much did the man weigh two months ago? A. 89 kg. B. 83 kg. C. 79 kg. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the man thank the woman? A. For giving him a ride. B. For buying him lunch. C. For saving his life. 9. Where does the man think his wallet might be? A. At home. B. In his car. C. At the office. 10. What will the man do first? A. Use his banking app. B. Return to the restaurant. C. Search for the wallet on the street. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How does the woman sound at the beginning of the conversation? A. Proud. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 12. Where is the man from? A. Japan. B. America. C. France. 13. What are speakers mainly talking about? A. An artist’s home. B. The man’s holiday in France. C. Tips for taking photos in gardens. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Parent and child. C. Teacher and student. 15. What does the woman plan to do after college? A. Take up a full-time acting job. B. Start her own business. C. Work as an accountant. 16. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Make a career plan. B. Study business knowledge. C. Become a full-time writer. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did the speaker get from her parents on her 12th birthday? A. A picture collection. B. A mobile phone. C. A computer. 18. How old is the speaker right now? A. 13. B. 15. C. 18. 19. What did the speaker’s mother recently help her with? A. Replying to lots of messages. B. Answering her homework questions. C. Dealing with a relationship problem. 20. What does the speaker say about her parents? A. They are understanding and fair. B. They completely respect her privacy. C. They check her messages too strictly. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. The authors argue that the “solitary genius” is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. While acknowledging his extraordinary brilliance, they show that Einstein always worked within a broader scientific community. His special theory of relativity, for example, built upon the research of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. His explanation of the photoelectric effect drew from Max Planck’s work on energy quanta. Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. The book also clears up several myths. Einstein was not a poor student; he excelled in mathematics. There is no evidence that he stole ideas from his first wife, Mileva Marić, though she was a capable physicist. His famous abandonment of “absolute time” was a brave combination of existing puzzles, not a bolt from the blue. What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to “expose” him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. Concise yet insightful, About Time offers a refreshing corrective to the tired myth of the lonely genius. 1. What is the main argument of About Time? A. Einstein was not truly brilliant. B. Einstein’s theories were overrated. C. Einstein stole ideas from his wife. D. Einstein relied on a scientific community. 2. Why does the author mention Einstein’s patent office job? A. To show he failed as a teacher. B. To prove he was socially isolated. C. To argue it was intellectually beneficial. D. To contrast it with other scientists’ jobs. 3. What can be inferred about the book’s authors? A. They try to devalue Einstein’s status. B. They value collaboration in science. C. They focus on Einstein’s weaknesses. D. They reject originality in research. 4. How is the book review organized? A. By presenting a myth and then challenging it. B. By summarizing the book chapter by chapter. C. By comparing it to other Einstein biographies. D. By criticizing the book before praising it. B On Tecofreddag, Swedish families top their tacos with pineapple, cucumber, nuts and a yogurt sauce. That is just one way the world enjoys this beloved hand-held food. But before tacos became an international hit, they took their first folds in Mexico. Authentic Mexican tacos use fresh tortillas made from ground corn or wheat, depending on the region. Corn has long been central to Mexican tradition, while wheat was favored by the invading Spanish due to its religion. The word taco may come from the Aztec tlahco, meaning “half” or “in the middle.” However, historian Jeffrey Pilcher argues that the name more likely traces back to 18th-century Mexican silver miners, who used taco to describe the paper wrappings around gunpowder. Tacos arrived in the United States with Mexican immigrants who came to work in mines and build railroads. The first written mention of tacos in a U.S. newspaper appeared in 1905, when tacos were still largely a working-class food sold at street stands in the Southwest. The first taco restaurant, El Cholo, opened in Los Angeles in 1923. Taco Bell followed in 1962, at a time when most Americans were unfamiliar with tacos. By adapting tacos to the Anglo palate, Taco Bell made them accessible and affordable, leading to worldwide expansion. Tacos can be filled to suit any taste. Regional favorites range from barbacoa (barbecue meat) to carne asada (steak) to pescado (fish). After the Spanish introduced pigs to the Yucatán in the 16th century, cochinita pibil (slow-cooked pork) tacos emerged. Later, Lebanese immigrants brought their own tradition, which gave rise to tacos al pastor — made with pork and pineapple. Perhaps the best thing about tacos is that they can be whatever you want them to be. Whichever way they are filled, they are well worth the mess you will likely make as you bite into them. 5. Why does the author mention the Swedish version of tacos at the beginning? A. To show that tacos have been adapted to local tastes. B. To prove that tacos are more popular in Europe than in America. C. To compare Swedish and Mexican food cultures. D. To explain the origin of the phrase “Taco Tuesday.” 6. According to Jeffrey Pilcher, the word “taco” most likely came from ______. A. the Aztec language B. Spanish religious terms C. Mexican mining industry D. Lebanese cooking traditions 7. What can be inferred about Taco Bell from the passage? A. It was the first restaurant to serve tacos in the US. B. It helped introduce tacos to non-Mexican Americans. C. It strictly follows authentic Mexican taco recipes. D. It originated in Sweden before expanding globally. 8. What does the author mean by saying tacos “can be whatever you want them to be”? A. Tacos are easy to make at home. B. Tacos have a long and complex history. C. Tacos are popular in many different countries. D. Tacos can be filled with a wide variety of ingredients. C From artificial intelligence algorithms that spot early cancers, to the “doctor-in-your-pocket” smartphone video consultation, a string of next-generation healthcare technologies are being unveiled at a rapid rate. Such innovations have brought huge benefits to millions of patients. But the advantages of such digitization are not distributed equally. Imagine this typical case. Dorothy and Bill are retired factory workers in their mid-70s. One day, an email comes through inviting Bill for his annual health check. But the subject line is unclear and the message is impersonal and hard to follow. As the couple have only ever received emails from their daughter before, they assume this message is junk mail and delete it. The result: Bill misses his check-up and runs out of blood pressure medication. To navigate the digital health space, people like Dorothy and Bill will need not only better technology, but also the technical skills to operate it, such as being comfortable typing, using a mouse and interacting with drop-down menus. Also key is “information literacy” the ability to recognise when information is needed (like an old address or login code) and how to provide it. Then there’s “health literacy” — the ability to find, understand and use health information and online health services. However, as a major University of Oxford analysis showed, the more markers of disadvantage a person has (low income, older age, to list a few), the more difficult they’ll find accessing digital services. Sadly, such inequalities are nothing new. In fact, it was 53 years ago that British doctor Julian Tudor Hart first proposed the “inverse care law”, a principle that argued people most in need of healthcare (the poor, the less well-educated, the older, the sicker) are least likely to receive it. The digital “inverse care law” has no simple solutions. Those lacking the necessary digital skills may be willing to visit a library for computer training, but they shouldn’t be thought of as empty buckets that can be simply “topped up” with the complex set of skills they’ve missed out on. 9. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the typical case in Paragraph 3? A. To call on retired workers to learn more technical skills. B. To show the benefits of digitalization failed to cover all. C. To highlight the significance of annual health check-up. D. To reveal seniors’ helplessness when operating the machine. 10. What can we learn from this passage? A. Information literacy is harder to master than health literacy. B. A string of outdated healthcare technologies were abandoned. C. Those visiting a library for PC training will surely acquire digital skills. D. It is difficult for people labeled as the poor are impossible to receive digital services. 11. What do the underlined words “topped up” mean in Paragraph 8? A. Mended. B. Armed. C. Filled. D. Decorated. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Technology Innovations: Are They Distributed Equally? B. Digital Healthcare: Are the Most in Need Being Excluded? C. Inverse Care Law: A Principle Emphasizing Inequality D. Healthcare Technologies: Disadvantages Outweigh Advantages 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Children are naturally curious. Watching a toddler test whether a ball will roll down a hill is to see science in action: observing, experimenting, and asking questions. Yet as kids grow older, many lose this drive to explore the “why” behind things. ____13____ According to psychologist Ryan F. Lei, one subtle but powerful factor is the language adults use. Many parents and teachers say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” or “You’re such a good scientist!” ____14____ While well-intended, these phrases frame science as an identity rather than a set of actions. One study found that four-year-old girls persisted longer in science activities when invited with “Let’s do science” instead of “Let’s be scientists.” ____15____ It has been found that children often hold stereotypes about who a “scientist” is. When asked to picture a scientist, many kids — exposed to media and social cues — often think of a white man in a lab coat. ____16____ Research shows that by high school, girls at the 80th percentile of science ability are just as likely to major in certain STEM fields as boys at the 20th percentile. That represents an unbelievable loss of potential talent. The good news is that small changes in language can help. Focusing on science as something you do — observing, testing, discovering — rather than something you are can keep curiosity alive for all children, regardless of gender or background. ____17____ It might make all the difference. A. This can backfire . B. So why does this happen? C. The problem is easy to solve. D. Why does identity-based language cause problems? E. Children are more interested in science than adults think. F. Next time you invite a child to explore, try saying: “Let’s do science!” G. If a child does not share that identity, they may feel science is not for them. 第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分37.5分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Riccardo Monte had worked for eight years as an architect in London. But it wasn’t making him ____18____. So, in 2016, he took himself up into a cabin in the Italian Alps where he’d spent many memorable childhood summers and gave himself time to ____19____. The 100m² space, he admits, “was nothing like a home” when he first ____20____. Within the 80cm-thick stone walls, ____21____ around 1750, lay stone-flag walls. It wasn’t a domestic space, but it felt “really right”, his wife says. Wanting to retain the historic feel of the building, Monte left the stone walls as they were. But to make it more comfortable, he ____22____ altered the feel and design of the space, designing industrial-sized window frames to allow more soft mountain ____23____ to filter in. He put his ____24____ skills to different uses. In the kitchen he constructed a wooden cube with a mirrored surface, in which their bathroom is hidden. And outside, to give them ____25____ in summer, he created a pergola (凉亭). Surprisingly, it was this outdoor project that gave him the idea for a ____26____. To make sure that the pergola poles didn’t ____27____ or get eaten by insects, he charred (烧焦) them, as farmers around here have done for centuries. The effect on the wood was so ____28____ that he started to experiment with burning other wooden surfaces. And soon he had so many clients wanting his ____29____, raw, black furniture — that ____30____ began to come in from around the world. All the items that decorate the spaces, of course, are ____31____. Above the door hangs one of the most precious pieces of all. The ____32____ and white landscape was drawn by him using the charcoal left over from a wood fire. “It’s all in that landscape,” he says. “Mountains, trees, fire.” 18. A. rich B. skilled C. famous D. happy 19. A. struggle B. thrive C. think D. dream 20. A. landed B. investigated C. appeared D. explored 21. A. decorated B. constructed C. damaged D. painted 22. A. subtly B. abruptly C. cautiously D. slightly 23. A. wind B. light C. insects D. birds 24. A. drawing B. constructing C. woodworking D. hand-crafting 25. A. comfort B. relief C. water D. shade 26. A. creation B. work C. device D. business 27. A. burn B. rot C. burst D. shrink 28. A. self-evident B. immediate C. beautiful D. far-reaching 29. A. simple B. complicated C. obscure D. unknown 30. A. inquiries B. supplies C. lists D. orders 31. A. abstract B. random C. personal D. pleasant 32. A. blue B. grey C. black D. red 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Chinese calligraphy is more than just writing Chinese characters. It is ____33____ unique art form which vividly reflects the spiritual ____34____ (deep) of Chinese culture. Over thousands of years, calligraphy ____35____ (consider) as one of the most important skills for scholars and intellectuals. The tools ____36____ (use) in calligraphy are known as the “Four Treasures of the Study”: brush, ink, paper, and inkstone. Each brush is carefully crafted, ____37____ the way the brush is held and moved determines the style of the characters. A calligrapher must pay attention to every stroke to create a ____38____ (harmony) composition. There are several major styles of calligraphy, including seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script, among ____39____ regular script is the most commonly used in daily life because it is clear and easy ____40____ (read). Cursive script, on the other hand, allows for more freedom and expression. ____41____ is required to practice calligraphy is not only skill but also inner peace. Many people believe that it helps them develop patience and concentration. Even today, a large number of Chinese people, young and old, practice calligraphy ____42____ a way to connect with their cultural heritage. 第三节 单词拼写（共15小题；每小题0.5分，满分7.5分） 根据首字母或中文提示填写选择性必修第四册单词表中出现的单词的恰当形式。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 43. Only someone who is r________ and responsible can be trusted to handle such a challenging task. (根据首字母单词拼写) 44. With expert g________ from experienced tutors, we managed to complete the challenging research successfully. (根据首字母单词拼写) 45. He felt deeply e________ when he realized he had made a silly mistake in front of the whole class. (根据首字母单词拼写) 46. The c________ for the scholarship take both academic performance and practical ability into consideration. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. Active reading skills can greatly strengthen your c________ of difficult passages in academic articles. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. Due to the students’ passionate engagement, our school announced a two-day e________ of the activity. (根据首字母单词拼写) 49. We have made ________ (大量的) efforts to improve the quality of education over the past few years. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 50. The beautiful dress was carefully ________ (缝制) by hand with soft and comfortable material. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 51. Our professor is so ________ (知识渊博的) that he can answer almost all questions raised by students. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. Immediate ________ (干预) is required to prevent the situation from getting worse and worse. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. We didn’t ________ (预料) that the activity would attract so many participants from different cities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. A valid teaching ________ (资格) is a must for anyone who wants to work as a professional teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. Please tell me whether the information you provided is ________ (相关的) to the topic we are researching. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 56. His wrong ________ (假设) led him to make a serious decision that he later regretted deeply. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 57. Strong communication ________ (能力) plays a key role when you work in a team with different people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文（满分15分） 58. 假定你是李华，你校下周将举办“用英语讲中国故事”演讲比赛（“Chinese Stories in English” Speech Contest）。你发现目前选手选拔方式是每班选一名英语成绩最好的同学直接参赛。你认为这种做法存在一定的问题。请你给负责的外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My Irish Setter, Henry, was bred to be a show dog. But I saw something different in him from the start — his calm, welcoming presence and naturally mild nature. Instead of the show ring, I trained him to be a therapy dog. His job became visiting elementary school classes and listening to students read aloud to him. The children loved it, and so did he. When a child sat down to read, Henry would lie quietly beside them, resting his chin on his paws. His big, dark eyes never wandered. He gave each reader his complete attention — ears slightly tilted forward, tail giving an occasional soft thump against the floor. He never corrected a mispronounced word or teased when someone stumbled. He just listened, steady and warm, as if every story was the most important one in the world. Sometimes he would gently rest his head on a child’s leg, or let out a soft, contented sigh. When the child finished a book, the best part came: placing a small treat on Henry’s nose. He would flip it up with a practiced flick and catch it in his mouth, earning giggles and cheers. One day, a special education student joined us in the library. The boy was small, with downcast eyes and hands that fidgeted with the edges of his picture book. He sat stiffly on the floor, looking at the pages but not speaking. Slowly, the dog rose and lay down right next to the boy, pressing his warm side against the child’s leg. Then Henry turned his head and gently nudged (轻推) the boy’s hand with his wet nose — a small, silent invitation. The boy glanced at Henry, then back at his book. His lips moved silently at first. Then, barely above a whisper, he began to read. His voice shook on the first few words. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The teacher whispered to me, “Amazing! It is the first time this student has ever read aloud.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省泰州中学2025～2026学年度第二学期期中考试 高二英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟； 总分：150分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What event will the woman attend on the sports day? A. The long jump. B. The high jump. C. The swimming race. 2. What is the weather probably like now? A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny. 3. Why doesn’t the woman like pre-packaged iced coffees? A. They are over-packaged. B. They fail to wake her up. C. They have too much sugar. 4. Which season is it now? A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter. 5. What is the man probably doing? A. Playing an instrument. B. Practicing singing. C. Creating music. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a gym. B. At the airport. C. At a doctor’s office. 7. How much did the man weigh two months ago? A. 89 kg. B. 83 kg. C. 79 kg. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the man thank the woman? A. For giving him a ride. B. For buying him lunch. C. For saving his life. 9. Where does the man think his wallet might be? A. At home. B. In his car. C. At the office. 10. What will the man do first? A. Use his banking app. B. Return to the restaurant. C. Search for the wallet on the street. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How does the woman sound at the beginning of the conversation? A. Proud. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 12. Where is the man from? A. Japan. B. America. C. France. 13. What are speakers mainly talking about? A. An artist’s home. B. The man’s holiday in France. C. Tips for taking photos in gardens. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Parent and child. C. Teacher and student. 15. What does the woman plan to do after college? A. Take up a full-time acting job. B. Start her own business. C. Work as an accountant. 16. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Make a career plan. B. Study business knowledge. C. Become a full-time writer. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did the speaker get from her parents on her 12th birthday? A. A picture collection. B. A mobile phone. C. A computer. 18. How old is the speaker right now? A. 13. B. 15. C. 18. 19. What did the speaker’s mother recently help her with? A. Replying to lots of messages. B. Answering her homework questions. C. Dealing with a relationship problem. 20. What does the speaker say about her parents? A. They are understanding and fair. B. They completely respect her privacy. C. They check her messages too strictly. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. The authors argue that the “solitary genius” is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. While acknowledging his extraordinary brilliance, they show that Einstein always worked within a broader scientific community. His special theory of relativity, for example, built upon the research of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. His explanation of the photoelectric effect drew from Max Planck’s work on energy quanta. Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. The book also clears up several myths. Einstein was not a poor student; he excelled in mathematics. There is no evidence that he stole ideas from his first wife, Mileva Marić, though she was a capable physicist. His famous abandonment of “absolute time” was a brave combination of existing puzzles, not a bolt from the blue. What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to “expose” him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. Concise yet insightful, About Time offers a refreshing corrective to the tired myth of the lonely genius. 1. What is the main argument of About Time? A. Einstein was not truly brilliant. B. Einstein’s theories were overrated. C. Einstein stole ideas from his wife. D. Einstein relied on a scientific community. 2. Why does the author mention Einstein’s patent office job? A. To show he failed as a teacher. B. To prove he was socially isolated. C. To argue it was intellectually beneficial. D. To contrast it with other scientists’ jobs. 3. What can be inferred about the book’s authors? A. They try to devalue Einstein’s status. B. They value collaboration in science. C. They focus on Einstein’s weaknesses. D. They reject originality in research. 4. How is the book review organized? A. By presenting a myth and then challenging it. B. By summarizing the book chapter by chapter. C. By comparing it to other Einstein biographies. D. By criticizing the book before praising it. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本关于爱因斯坦的新书，该书挑战了爱因斯坦作为“孤独天才”的流行形象，强调他是在更广泛的科学共同体中工作的，其成就建立在合作与先前研究的基础之上。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The authors argue that the 'solitary genius' is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. (作者认为，“孤独的天才”在很大程度上是一个神话——爱因斯坦也不例外。)”可知，该书的主要论点是爱因斯坦并非独自工作，而是依赖于科学共同体。后文进一步举例说明他的相对论建立在Lorentz和Poincaré的研究之上，光电效应的解释借鉴了Planck的能量量子理论，这些都印证了他是“在更广泛的科学共同体中工作”的。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. (甚至他在瑞士专利局的工作——常被浪漫化为一种智力上的放逐——实际上使他与最前沿的电气技术保持联系。)”可知，作者提及爱因斯坦在专利局的工作是为了论证这份工作实际上在智力上对他是有益的，让他接触到了尖端技术，而非将他孤立。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to ‘expose’ him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. (使这部传记特别有价值的是它平衡的处理方式。作者既不崇拜爱因斯坦，也不试图“揭露”他。相反，他们将他牢牢置于其历史和社会背景中，表明即使是最伟大的科学头脑也依赖于合作和先前的工作。)”可知，作者们重视科学中的合作，强调即使是天才也需要依靠科学共同体。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通览全文，文章开篇第一段先提出一个广为流传的观点：“Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? (爱因斯坦是一个完全靠自己重塑物理学的孤独天才吗？)”随后用“A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. (历史学家Diana Buchwald和Michael Gordin合著的新书About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind对这一流行形象提出了挑战。)”引出该书对这一观点的挑战。第二、三段具体阐述该书如何打破这一神话，最后一段评价该书的价值。因此，本文的组织结构是“先呈现一个神话/流行观点，然后对其进行挑战和反驳”。 B On Tecofreddag, Swedish families top their tacos with pineapple, cucumber, nuts and a yogurt sauce. That is just one way the world enjoys this beloved hand-held food. But before tacos became an international hit, they took their first folds in Mexico. Authentic Mexican tacos use fresh tortillas made from ground corn or wheat, depending on the region. Corn has long been central to Mexican tradition, while wheat was favored by the invading Spanish due to its religion. The word taco may come from the Aztec tlahco, meaning “half” or “in the middle.” However, historian Jeffrey Pilcher argues that the name more likely traces back to 18th-century Mexican silver miners, who used taco to describe the paper wrappings around gunpowder. Tacos arrived in the United States with Mexican immigrants who came to work in mines and build railroads. The first written mention of tacos in a U.S. newspaper appeared in 1905, when tacos were still largely a working-class food sold at street stands in the Southwest. The first taco restaurant, El Cholo, opened in Los Angeles in 1923. Taco Bell followed in 1962, at a time when most Americans were unfamiliar with tacos. By adapting tacos to the Anglo palate, Taco Bell made them accessible and affordable, leading to worldwide expansion. Tacos can be filled to suit any taste. Regional favorites range from barbacoa (barbecue meat) to carne asada (steak) to pescado (fish). After the Spanish introduced pigs to the Yucatán in the 16th century, cochinita pibil (slow-cooked pork) tacos emerged. Later, Lebanese immigrants brought their own tradition, which gave rise to tacos al pastor — made with pork and pineapple. Perhaps the best thing about tacos is that they can be whatever you want them to be. Whichever way they are filled, they are well worth the mess you will likely make as you bite into them. 5. Why does the author mention the Swedish version of tacos at the beginning? A. To show that tacos have been adapted to local tastes. B. To prove that tacos are more popular in Europe than in America. C. To compare Swedish and Mexican food cultures. D. To explain the origin of the phrase “Taco Tuesday.” 6. According to Jeffrey Pilcher, the word “taco” most likely came from ______. A. the Aztec language B. Spanish religious terms C. Mexican mining industry D. Lebanese cooking traditions 7. What can be inferred about Taco Bell from the passage? A. It was the first restaurant to serve tacos in the US. B. It helped introduce tacos to non-Mexican Americans. C. It strictly follows authentic Mexican taco recipes. D. It originated in Sweden before expanding globally. 8. What does the author mean by saying tacos “can be whatever you want them to be”? A. Tacos are easy to make at home. B. Tacos have a long and complex history. C. Tacos are popular in many different countries. D. Tacos can be filled with a wide variety of ingredients. 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍墨西哥传统美食玉米卷饼（tacos）的起源、名字由来、传入美国的过程以及在世界各地的演变。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“On Tecofreddag, Swedish families top their tacos with pineapple, cucumber, nuts and a yogurt sauce. That is just one way the world enjoys this beloved hand - held food.(在瑞典的“玉米卷饼周五”，瑞典家庭会在玉米卷饼上加菠萝、黄瓜、坚果和酸奶酱。这只是全世界享用这种备受喜爱的手持食物的一种方式。)”以及后文对玉米卷饼在不同地区演变的介绍可知，作者开头提及瑞典版玉米卷饼是为了表明玉米卷饼已根据当地口味进行了调整。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, historian Jeffrey Pilcher argues that the name more likely traces back to 18th - century Mexican silver miners, who used taco to describe the paper wrappings around gunpowder.(然而，历史学家杰弗里·皮尔彻认为，这个名字更有可能追溯到18世纪的墨西哥银矿工人，他们用taco来描述包裹火药的纸)”可知，杰弗里·皮尔彻认为“taco”这个词很可能来自墨西哥采矿业。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Taco Bell followed in 1962, at a time when most Americans were unfamiliar with tacos. By adapting tacos to the Anglo palate, Taco Bell made them accessible and affordable, leading to worldwide expansion.(1962年Taco Bel开业，当时大多数美国人对玉米卷饼并不熟悉。通过使玉米卷饼适应盎格鲁人的口味，Taco Bel让它们更容易获得且价格亲民，从而实现了全球扩张)”可知，Taco Bel帮助将玉米卷饼介绍给了非墨西哥裔美国人。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Tacos can be filled to suit any taste. Regional favorites range from barbacoa (barbecue meat) to carne asada (steak) to pescado (fish). After the Spanish introduced pigs to the Yucatán in the 16th century, cochinita pibil (slow - cooked pork) tacos emerged. Later, Lebanese immigrants brought their own tradition, which gave rise to tacos al pastor — made with pork and pineapple.(玉米卷饼可以根据任何口味填充馅料。各地受欢迎的馅料从烤牛肉到牛排再到鱼肉不等。16世纪西班牙人将猪引入尤卡坦半岛后，出现了慢炖猪肉玉米卷饼。后来，黎巴嫩移民带来了他们的传统，由此产生了用猪肉和菠萝制作的牧师玉米卷饼)”可知，作者说玉米卷饼“可以成为你想要的任何样子”是指玉米卷饼可以用各种各样的食材填充。 C From artificial intelligence algorithms that spot early cancers, to the “doctor-in-your-pocket” smartphone video consultation, a string of next-generation healthcare technologies are being unveiled at a rapid rate. Such innovations have brought huge benefits to millions of patients. But the advantages of such digitization are not distributed equally. Imagine this typical case. Dorothy and Bill are retired factory workers in their mid-70s. One day, an email comes through inviting Bill for his annual health check. But the subject line is unclear and the message is impersonal and hard to follow. As the couple have only ever received emails from their daughter before, they assume this message is junk mail and delete it. The result: Bill misses his check-up and runs out of blood pressure medication. To navigate the digital health space, people like Dorothy and Bill will need not only better technology, but also the technical skills to operate it, such as being comfortable typing, using a mouse and interacting with drop-down menus. Also key is “information literacy” the ability to recognise when information is needed (like an old address or login code) and how to provide it. Then there’s “health literacy” — the ability to find, understand and use health information and online health services. However, as a major University of Oxford analysis showed, the more markers of disadvantage a person has (low income, older age, to list a few), the more difficult they’ll find accessing digital services. Sadly, such inequalities are nothing new. In fact, it was 53 years ago that British doctor Julian Tudor Hart first proposed the “inverse care law”, a principle that argued people most in need of healthcare (the poor, the less well-educated, the older, the sicker) are least likely to receive it. The digital “inverse care law” has no simple solutions. Those lacking the necessary digital skills may be willing to visit a library for computer training, but they shouldn’t be thought of as empty buckets that can be simply “topped up” with the complex set of skills they’ve missed out on. 9. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the typical case in Paragraph 3? A. To call on retired workers to learn more technical skills. B. To show the benefits of digitalization failed to cover all. C. To highlight the significance of annual health check-up. D. To reveal seniors’ helplessness when operating the machine. 10. What can we learn from this passage? A. Information literacy is harder to master than health literacy. B. A string of outdated healthcare technologies were abandoned. C. Those visiting a library for PC training will surely acquire digital skills. D. It is difficult for people labeled as the poor are impossible to receive digital services. 11. What do the underlined words “topped up” mean in Paragraph 8? A. Mended. B. Armed. C. Filled. D. Decorated. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Technology Innovations: Are They Distributed Equally? B. Digital Healthcare: Are the Most in Need Being Excluded? C. Inverse Care Law: A Principle Emphasizing Inequality D. Healthcare Technologies: Disadvantages Outweigh Advantages 【答案】9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍数字医疗技术飞速发展却惠及不均，弱势群体因数字能力不足被排斥，还引出反向医疗法则的现实问题。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the advantages of such digitization are not distributed equally.(但数字化带来的益处并没有平均分配。)”以及第三段讲述老年夫妇因看不懂体检邮件误删信息、错过体检的事例可知，作者举例是为了说明数字化医疗的红利并未覆盖所有人。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“However, as a major University of Oxford analysis showed, the more markers of disadvantage a person has (low income, older age, to list a few), the more difficult they’ll find accessing digital services.(然而，牛津大学一项重要分析表明，一个人身上的弱势特征越多，例如低收入、高龄等，他们获取数字服务的难度就越大。)”可知，低收入、高龄等弱势群体很难接入和使用数字医疗服务。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据尾段中的“Those lacking the necessary digital skills may be willing to visit a library for computer training, but they shouldn’t be thought of as empty buckets that can be simply “topped up” with the complex set of skills they’ve missed out on.(那些缺乏必要数字技能的人或许愿意去图书馆接受电脑培训，但人们不应把他们看作空桶，以为可以简单地用他们欠缺的复杂技能将其topped up。)”可知，文中把缺少数字技能的人比作空桶，结合空桶的语境可判断，划线短语topped up表示“填满、补齐”，因此C选项含义贴合语境。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“But the advantages of such digitization are not distributed equally.(但数字化带来的益处并没有平均分配。)”以及第七段中的“In fact, it was 53 years ago that British doctor Julian Tudor Hart first proposed the “inverse care law”, a principle that argued people most in need of healthcare (the poor, the less well-educated, the older, the sicker) are least likely to receive it.(事实上，53年前英国医生朱利安·都铎·哈特首次提出“反向医疗法则”，认为最需要医疗服务的穷人、低学历者、老年人和体弱者，反而最难以获得医疗服务。)”可知，文章围绕数字医疗展开，探讨最有医疗需求的弱势群体是否被数字医疗排斥在外的问题，所以“Digital Healthcare: Are the Most in Need Being Excluded?(数字医疗：最需要的人群是否正被边缘化？)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Children are naturally curious. Watching a toddler test whether a ball will roll down a hill is to see science in action: observing, experimenting, and asking questions. Yet as kids grow older, many lose this drive to explore the “why” behind things. ____13____ According to psychologist Ryan F. Lei, one subtle but powerful factor is the language adults use. Many parents and teachers say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” or “You’re such a good scientist!” ____14____ While well-intended, these phrases frame science as an identity rather than a set of actions. One study found that four-year-old girls persisted longer in science activities when invited with “Let’s do science” instead of “Let’s be scientists.” ____15____ It has been found that children often hold stereotypes about who a “scientist” is. When asked to picture a scientist, many kids — exposed to media and social cues — often think of a white man in a lab coat. ____16____ Research shows that by high school, girls at the 80th percentile of science ability are just as likely to major in certain STEM fields as boys at the 20th percentile. That represents an unbelievable loss of potential talent. The good news is that small changes in language can help. Focusing on science as something you do — observing, testing, discovering — rather than something you are can keep curiosity alive for all children, regardless of gender or background. ____17____ It might make all the difference. A. This can backfire . B. So why does this happen? C. The problem is easy to solve. D. Why does identity-based language cause problems? E. Children are more interested in science than adults think. F. Next time you invite a child to explore, try saying: “Let’s do science!” G. If a child does not share that identity, they may feel science is not for them. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. D 16. G 17. F 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了语言对孩子科学探索兴趣的影响及建议。 【13题详解】 上文“Yet as kids grow older, many lose this drive to explore the “why” behind things. (然而，随着孩子年龄的增长，许多人失去了探索事物背后“为什么”的动力)”提出孩子失去探索动力的现象，下文“According to psychologist Ryan F. Lei, one subtle but powerful factor is the language adults use. (根据心理学家Ryan F. Lei的说法，一个微妙但强大的因素是成年人使用的语言)”给出原因，空处承上启下，B选项“那么为什么会发生这种情况呢？”提出疑问引出下文原因分析，符合语境。 【14题详解】 上文“Many parents and teachers say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” or “You’re such a good scientist!” (许多家长和老师说：“让我们今天成为科学家吧！”或者“你真是个好科学家！”)”及下文“While well-intended, these phrases frame science as an identity rather than a set of actions. (虽然这些话的初衷是好的，但它们把科学描述为一种身份，而不是一系列行为)”说明家长和老师的话虽然初衷好，但可能产生不好的效果，空处承上启下，A选项“这可能会适得其反”指出这种做法的负面效果，符合语境。 【15题详解】 下文“It has been found that children often hold stereotypes about who a “scientist” is. When asked to picture a scientist, many kids — exposed to media and social cues — often think of a white man in a lab coat. (研究发现，孩子们往往对“科学家”的形象存有刻板印象。当被要求想象科学家的样子时，受媒体和社会潜移默化的影响，很多孩子脑海中浮现的往往是身穿实验服的白人男性形象)”孩子对科学家有刻板印象，解释身份类语言产生不良影响的缘由，空处引出下文，D选项“为什么基于身份的语言会带来问题？”提出问题，引出背后原因，符合语境。 【16题详解】 上文“When asked to picture a scientist, many kids — exposed to media and social cues — often think of a white man in a lab coat. (当被要求想象科学家的样子时，受媒体和社会潜移默化的影响，很多孩子脑海中浮现的往往是身穿实验服的白人男性形象)”说明孩子印象里科学家多是穿实验服的白人男性，空处承接上文，G选项“如果一个孩子不认同这种身份，他们可能会觉得科学不适合他们”说明这种刻板印象带来的后果，符合语境。 【17题详解】 上文“The good news is that small changes in language can help. Focusing on science as something you do — observing, testing, discovering — rather than something you are can keep curiosity alive for all children, regardless of gender or background. (好消息是，语言的微小变化可以有所帮助。把科学看作是你所做的事情——观察、测试、发现——而不是你所是的东西，可以让所有孩子，无论性别或背景，都保持好奇心)”说明语言的改变可以保持孩子的好奇心，空处承接上文，F选项“下次你邀请孩子去探索时，试着说：“让我们做科学吧！””提出具体的建议，符合语境。 第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分37.5分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Riccardo Monte had worked for eight years as an architect in London. But it wasn’t making him ____18____. So, in 2016, he took himself up into a cabin in the Italian Alps where he’d spent many memorable childhood summers and gave himself time to ____19____. The 100m² space, he admits, “was nothing like a home” when he first ____20____. Within the 80cm-thick stone walls, ____21____ around 1750, lay stone-flag walls. It wasn’t a domestic space, but it felt “really right”, his wife says. Wanting to retain the historic feel of the building, Monte left the stone walls as they were. But to make it more comfortable, he ____22____ altered the feel and design of the space, designing industrial-sized window frames to allow more soft mountain ____23____ to filter in. He put his ____24____ skills to different uses. In the kitchen he constructed a wooden cube with a mirrored surface, in which their bathroom is hidden. And outside, to give them ____25____ in summer, he created a pergola (凉亭). Surprisingly, it was this outdoor project that gave him the idea for a ____26____. To make sure that the pergola poles didn’t ____27____ or get eaten by insects, he charred (烧焦) them, as farmers around here have done for centuries. The effect on the wood was so ____28____ that he started to experiment with burning other wooden surfaces. And soon he had so many clients wanting his ____29____, raw, black furniture — that ____30____ began to come in from around the world. All the items that decorate the spaces, of course, are ____31____. Above the door hangs one of the most precious pieces of all. The ____32____ and white landscape was drawn by him using the charcoal left over from a wood fire. “It’s all in that landscape,” he says. “Mountains, trees, fire.” 18. A. rich B. skilled C. famous D. happy 19. A. struggle B. thrive C. think D. dream 20. A. landed B. investigated C. appeared D. explored 21. A. decorated B. constructed C. damaged D. painted 22. A. subtly B. abruptly C. cautiously D. slightly 23. A. wind B. light C. insects D. birds 24. A. drawing B. constructing C. woodworking D. hand-crafting 25. A. comfort B. relief C. water D. shade 26. A. creation B. work C. device D. business 27. A. burn B. rot C. burst D. shrink 28. A. self-evident B. immediate C. beautiful D. far-reaching 29. A. simple B. complicated C. obscure D. unknown 30. A. inquiries B. supplies C. lists D. orders 31. A. abstract B. random C. personal D. pleasant 32. A. blue B. grey C. black D. red 【答案】18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述建筑师Riccardo归隐山间小屋，改造居所并自创烧木家具开启事业的故事。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但这并没有让他感到快乐。A. rich富有的；B. skilled熟练的；C. famous著名的；D. happy快乐的。根据下文“he took himself up into a cabin in the Italian Alps”可知，他放弃工作去山间小屋，说明在伦敦做建筑师的工作并没有让他感到快乐。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：于是，在2016年，他来到意大利阿尔卑斯山的一个小屋，在那里度过了许多难忘的童年夏天，给自己时间思考。A. struggle挣扎，奋斗；B. thrive繁荣，兴旺；C. think思考；D. dream梦想。根据上文“he took himself up into a cabin in the Italian Alps”可知，他放下工作隐居小屋，目的是静下心给自己时间思考。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：他承认，当他第一次到达时，这个100平米的空间“完全不像一个家”。A. landed到达；B. investigated调查；C. appeared出现；D. explored探索。根据上文“The 100m² space, he admits, “was nothing like a home””可知，这里表示他第一次到达小屋时的感受。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：在厚达80厘米、建于约1750年的石墙内，是石板墙面。A. decorated装饰；B. constructed建造；C. damaged损坏；D. painted粉刷。根据下文“around 1750”可知，这里介绍石墙的修建年代。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：但为了让它更舒适，他巧妙地改变了空间的感觉和设计，设计了工业尺寸的窗框，让更多柔和的山间光线透进来。A. subtly巧妙地；B. abruptly突然地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. slightly轻微地。根据下文“designing industrial-sized window frames to allow more soft mountain to filter in”可知，他保留了历史感，同时进行改良，体现巧妙改造。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：但为了让它更舒适，他巧妙地改变了空间的感觉和设计，设计了工业尺寸的窗框，让更多柔和的山间光线透进来。A. wind风；B. light光；C. insects昆虫；D. birds鸟。根据下文“to filter in”可知，设计窗框是为了让更多的光透进来。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：他把自己的木工技能用在了不同的地方。A. drawing画画；B. constructing建造；C. woodworking木工；D. hand-crafting手工制作。根据下文“he constructed a wooden cube”可知，木质制作使用的是木工技能。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：在外面，为了夏天能给他们提供阴凉，他搭建了一座凉亭。A. comfort舒适；B. relief缓解；C. water水；D. shade阴凉处。根据下文“he created a pergola (凉亭)”可知，建凉亭是为了在夏天提供阴凉处。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，正是这个户外项目给了他创业的想法。A. creation创造；B. work工作；C. device装置；D. business生意。根据下文“he had so many clients wanting his , raw, black furniture”可知，有很多客户订购他的家具，说明他开启了相关生意。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了确保凉亭的木柱不会腐烂或是被虫子蛀蚀，他把木柱烧焦，当地农民几个世纪以来一直都是这么做的。A. burn燃烧；B. rot腐烂；C. burst爆发；D. shrink收缩。根据下文“he charred (烧焦) them”可知，烧焦木材是为了防止它们腐烂。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：木材烧焦后的效果十分美观，于是他开始尝试烧制其他木质表面。A. self-evident不言而喻的；B. immediate立即的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. far-reaching深远的。根据下文“he started to experiment with burning other wooden surfaces”可知，效果好看他才会继续尝试创作。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很快，他就有那么多客户想要他的简单、原始、黑色的家具，订单开始从世界各地涌来。A. simple简单的；B. complicated复杂的；C. obscure模糊的；D. unknown未知的。根据上文“he charred (烧焦) them, as farmers around here have done for centuries. The effect on the wood was so that he started to experiment with burning other wooden surfaces.”可知，原生态烧制家具风格简约质朴。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：很快，他就有那么多客户想要他的简单、原始、黑色的家具，订单开始从世界各地涌来。A. inquiries询问；B. supplies供应；C. lists列表；D. orders订单。根据上文“so many clients wanting his , raw, black furniture”可知，客户想要购买家具，随之而来的是全球订单。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，装饰这些空间的所有物件，都是他个人亲手创作的。A. abstract抽象的；B. random随机的；C. personal个人的，亲自做的；D. pleasant愉快的。根据下文“The and white landscape was drawn by him”可知，门上的画是他亲手所作，所有装饰都是个人原创。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：黑白风景画是他用木火剩下的木炭画的。A. blue蓝色的；B. grey灰色的；C. black黑色的；D. red红色的。根据下文“using the charcoal left over from a wood fire”可知，他是用木火剩下的木炭画的，所以画是黑白的。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Chinese calligraphy is more than just writing Chinese characters. It is ____33____ unique art form which vividly reflects the spiritual ____34____ (deep) of Chinese culture. Over thousands of years, calligraphy ____35____ (consider) as one of the most important skills for scholars and intellectuals. The tools ____36____ (use) in calligraphy are known as the “Four Treasures of the Study”: brush, ink, paper, and inkstone. Each brush is carefully crafted, ____37____ the way the brush is held and moved determines the style of the characters. A calligrapher must pay attention to every stroke to create a ____38____ (harmony) composition. There are several major styles of calligraphy, including seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script, among ____39____ regular script is the most commonly used in daily life because it is clear and easy ____40____ (read). Cursive script, on the other hand, allows for more freedom and expression. ____41____ is required to practice calligraphy is not only skill but also inner peace. Many people believe that it helps them develop patience and concentration. Even today, a large number of Chinese people, young and old, practice calligraphy ____42____ a way to connect with their cultural heritage. 【答案】33. a 34. depth 35. has been considered 36. used 37. and 38. harmonious 39. which 40. to read 41. What 42. as 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍中国书法的工具、字体风格及其文化价值。 【33题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是一种独特的艺术形式，生动地反映了中国文化的精神深度。空后unique art form为单数可数名词，此处表示“一种独特的艺术形式”，应用不定冠词，unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：它是一种独特的艺术形式，生动地反映了中国文化的精神深度。根据空前“spiritual”可知，空处应用名词depth，作reflects的宾语，表示“深度”。 【35题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：几千年来，书法一直被认为是学者和知识分子最重要的技能之一。根据时间状语“Over thousands of years”可知，句子应用现在完成时；calligraphy和consider之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：书法中使用的工具被称为“文房四宝”：笔、墨、纸、砚。use和tools之间是被动关系，应用过去分词used作后置定语，修饰tools。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：每支毛笔都是精心制作的，并且握笔和运笔的方式决定了汉字的风格。“Each brush is carefully crafted”和“the way the brush is held and moved determines the style of the characters”之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：书法家必须注意每一笔，以创造一个和谐的构图。空处修饰空后名词composition，应用形容词harmonious，作定语，表示“和谐的”。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：书法有几种主要的风格，包括篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书，其中楷书在日常生活中最为常用，因为它清晰易读。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“several major styles of calligraphy”，指物，关系词在从句中作介词among的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：书法有几种主要的风格，包括篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书，其中楷书在日常生活中最为常用，因为它清晰易读。“be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，空处应用动词不定式to read。 【41题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：练习书法所需要的不仅是技巧，还有内心的平静。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母大写。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：即使在今天，许多中国人，无论老少，都把练习书法作为一种与他们的文化遗产联系的方式。根据句意，此处表示“作为”，应用介词as。 第三节 单词拼写（共15小题；每小题0.5分，满分7.5分） 根据首字母或中文提示填写选择性必修第四册单词表中出现的单词的恰当形式。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 43. Only someone who is r________ and responsible can be trusted to handle such a challenging task. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】reliable##eliable 【解析】 【详解】句意：只有可靠且负责的人才能被信任去处理这样一项具有挑战性的任务。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处表示“可靠的”，应用形容词reliable，与responsible并列作表语。 44. With expert g________ from experienced tutors, we managed to complete the challenging research successfully. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】guidance##uidance 【解析】 【详解】句意：在经验丰富的导师的专业指导下，我们成功完成了这项具有挑战性的研究。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处表示“指导”，用名词guidance，作介词With的宾语，不可数。 45. He felt deeply e________ when he realized he had made a silly mistake in front of the whole class. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】embarrassed##mbarrassed 【解析】 【详解】句意：当他意识到自己在全班同学面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误时，他感到非常尴尬。根据“when he realized he had made a silly mistake in front of the whole class”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“尴尬的”，用形容词embarrassed作表语，描述人的感受。 46. The c________ for the scholarship take both academic performance and practical ability into consideration. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】criteria##riteria 【解析】 【详解】句意：奖学金的评定标准既考虑学术表现，也考虑实践能力。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处表示“标准”，用名词criterion，由谓语动词take可知，主语应用复数形式，criterion的复数是criteria。 47. Active reading skills can greatly strengthen your c________ of difficult passages in academic articles. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】comprehension##omprehension 【解析】 【详解】句意：积极的阅读技巧可以极大地增强你对学术文章中难段落的理解。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填comprehension“理解，理解力”，作宾语。 48. Due to the students’ passionate engagement, our school announced a two-day e________ of the activity. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】extension##xtension 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于学生们的热情参与，我们学校宣布将活动延长两天。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填名词extension“延长，扩展”，作announced的宾语。 49. We have made ________ (大量的) efforts to improve the quality of education over the past few years. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】substantial 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去几年里，我们为提升教育质量付出了大量的努力。根据汉语提示“大量的”可知，空处应用形容词substantial，用来修饰后面的名词efforts。 50. The beautiful dress was carefully ________ (缝制) by hand with soft and comfortable material. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】sewn 【解析】 【详解】句意：这条漂亮的裙子是用柔软舒适的材料手工精心缝制的。根据空前“was carefully”以及汉语提示“缝制”可知，本句为一般过去时的被动语态，空处需填sew的过去分词sewn。 51. Our professor is so ________ (知识渊博的) that he can answer almost all questions raised by students. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】knowledgeable 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们的教授知识如此渊博，以至于几乎能回答学生提出的所有问题。根据汉语提示可知用形容词knowledgeable，作表语。 52. Immediate ________ (干预) is required to prevent the situation from getting worse and worse. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】intervention 【解析】 【详解】句意：需要立即进行干预，以防止情况越来越糟。根据汉语提示“干预”可知，此处为名词intervention，作主语。 53. We didn’t ________ (预料) that the activity would attract so many participants from different cities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】anticipate 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们没有预料到这项活动会吸引来自不同城市的这么多参与者。didn’t后接动词原形，anticipate意为“预料”，在句中作谓语，符合语境。 54. A valid teaching ________ (资格) is a must for anyone who wants to work as a professional teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】qualification 【解析】 【详解】句意：有效的教学资格是任何想成为专业教师的人的必备条件。根据空前“teaching”以及汉语提示“资格”可知，此处应填名词qualification，作主语，结合空前不定冠词“A”可知，应用名词单数形式。 55. Please tell me whether the information you provided is ________ (相关的) to the topic we are researching. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】relevant 【解析】 【详解】句意：请告诉我你提供的信息是否与我们正在研究的主题相关。根据汉语提示“相关的”可知，应填形容词relevant，作表语。 56. His wrong ________ (假设) led him to make a serious decision that he later regretted deeply. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】assumption 【解析】 【详解】句意：他的错误假设导致他做出了一个严肃的决定，后来他深感后悔。形容词性物主代词His加形容词wrong后需要接名词作主语，根据汉语提示“假设”可知，应用assumption，此处指单个错误假设，用单数形式。 57. Strong communication ________ (能力) plays a key role when you work in a team with different people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】competence 【解析】 【详解】句意：当你与不同的人在一个团队中工作时，较强的沟通能力起着关键作用。根据汉语提示“能力”可知，此处应用名词competence，在句中作主语，为不可数名词。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文（满分15分） 58. 假定你是李华，你校下周将举办“用英语讲中国故事”演讲比赛（“Chinese Stories in English” Speech Contest）。你发现目前选手选拔方式是每班选一名英语成绩最好的同学直接参赛。你认为这种做法存在一定的问题。请你给负责的外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua, one of your students from Class 1. I’m writing to show my concern about the selection of the candidates for the upcoming “Chinese Stories in English” Speech Contest. Personally, I fully support the activity but I’m afraid choosing only the top student from each class is not ideal as grades may not fully reflect English competence. Besides, those loving English but not good at it may feel excluded. It might be a good idea to hold a small competition to select the most suitable student from each class, so that all of us will feel fair and engaged. I do wish you wouldn’t find my letter offending and that my suggestion could be taken into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华身份给外教写信，指出演讲比赛选拔方式的弊端并给出合理建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 即将来临的：upcoming → forthcoming 充分地：fully → completely 合适的：suitable → appropriate 参与的：engaged → involved 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, those loving English but not good at it may feel excluded. 拓展句：Besides, those who love English but are not good at it may feel excluded. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally, I fully support the activity but I’m afraid choosing only the top student from each class is not ideal as grades may not fully reflect English competence. (运用了省略that的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】It might be a good idea to hold a small competition to select the most suitable student from each class, so that all of us will feel fair and engaged. (运用了so that引导的目的状语从句) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My Irish Setter, Henry, was bred to be a show dog. But I saw something different in him from the start — his calm, welcoming presence and naturally mild nature. Instead of the show ring, I trained him to be a therapy dog. His job became visiting elementary school classes and listening to students read aloud to him. The children loved it, and so did he. When a child sat down to read, Henry would lie quietly beside them, resting his chin on his paws. His big, dark eyes never wandered. He gave each reader his complete attention — ears slightly tilted forward, tail giving an occasional soft thump against the floor. He never corrected a mispronounced word or teased when someone stumbled. He just listened, steady and warm, as if every story was the most important one in the world. Sometimes he would gently rest his head on a child’s leg, or let out a soft, contented sigh. When the child finished a book, the best part came: placing a small treat on Henry’s nose. He would flip it up with a practiced flick and catch it in his mouth, earning giggles and cheers. One day, a special education student joined us in the library. The boy was small, with downcast eyes and hands that fidgeted with the edges of his picture book. He sat stiffly on the floor, looking at the pages but not speaking. Slowly, the dog rose and lay down right next to the boy, pressing his warm side against the child’s leg. Then Henry turned his head and gently nudged (轻推) the boy’s hand with his wet nose — a small, silent invitation. The boy glanced at Henry, then back at his book. His lips moved silently at first. Then, barely above a whisper, he began to read. His voice shook on the first few words. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The teacher whispered to me, “Amazing! It is the first time this student has ever read aloud.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 His voice shook on the first few words. He repeated lines, sometimes twice, stumbling over simple sounds. But Henry never moved. He just rested his head near the boy’s shoulder, breathing softly, his eyes half-closed in peaceful attention. Slowly, the boy’s voice grew steadier. He even reached out to stroke Henry’s silky red fur, and Henry leaned closer, letting out a low, rumbling sound of contentment. By the last page, the boy read each word clearly, his face lit with a quiet smile. When he finished, he put his arms around Henry’s neck and buried his face in the dog’s fur. The teacher whispered to me, “Amazing! It is the first time this student has ever read aloud.” I looked at the boy who was trying to place a treat on Henry’s nose too. Just as before, Henry skillfully flipped up and caught the snack in his mouth, which entertained the boy a lot. It was just one of many times I saw the value of the tiny miracles that Henry could create. He simply offered a gift that no textbook could give: unconditional presence. He was more than a reading buddy but rather a quiet reminder that sometimes the best encouragement might be the silent company without judgment or condition. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述作者将原本应成为展示犬的爱尔兰雪达犬 Henry训练成治疗犬，Henry的工作是去小学课堂听学生大声朗读。一天，一个特殊教育学生加入，起初男孩坐在图书馆地板上，拿着图画书不说话，Henry主动靠近并发出无声邀请，男孩开始轻声朗读。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写男孩起初朗读时声音颤抖，多次重复句子，读错简单发音，但Henry一直静静陪伴，靠近男孩给予支持。慢慢地，男孩声音变稳，还伸手抚摸Henry，最后能清晰朗读并露出微笑，读完后抱住Henry。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写老师向作者表示这是该学生首次大声朗读，作者看到男孩也想给 Henry喂零食，Henry熟练接住，逗乐男孩。作者意识到Henry 能创造微小奇迹，它给予的是无条件陪伴，这是书本无法给予的最好鼓励。 2.续写线索：男孩朗读声音从颤抖到稳定——读完后与Henry互动——老师感慨——作者意识到Henry的价值 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①完成：finish /complete ②提供：offer/provide 情绪类 ①鼓励：encouragement /inspiration ②温柔地：softly/gently 【点睛】【高分句型 1】He just rested his head near the boy’s shoulder, breathing softly, his eyes half-closed in peaceful attention.（运用了现在分词短语 breathing softly 作伴随状语，以及独立主格结构 ） 【高分句型 2】He was more than a reading buddy but rather a quiet reminder that sometimes the best encouragement might be the silent company without judgment or condition.（运用了 that 引导的同位语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $