专题03 阅读理解 （说明文） （新高考二卷） 2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·山西·二模） It’s normal to see a little hair come out in the shower, but noticing handfuls of hair pile up in the pipe opening is a bit alarming. On social media, lots of people are attributing (把……归因于) their hair loss concerns to one reason in particular: hard water. Hard water is incredibly mineral-rich. “The higher the calcium and magnesium levels, the harder the water,” says Gaurav Agnihotri, a clinical associate at UChicago Medicine. There are tests you can use to measure the hardness of your water, but here’s an easy indicator: “If white chalk builds up around the taps, the sink, shower heads or even your coffee maker, those could be signs that you have hard water,” he says. Showering with hard water isn’t bad for you in itself, but it “can potentially harm the hair texture, making the hair feel either too dry or even too oily,” Agnihotri says. “Shampooing (洗发) with hard water can leave mineral buildups on your hair,” added Agnihotri. Over time, this buildup on the skin on your head can give the appearance of oily hair, even if you’ve freshly washed it. Alongside this, you might begin to notice your hair become more dull and straw-like, and your hair more likely to suffer breakage, says Mary Ann Bentz, a doctor at Lawrence and Memorial Hospital in Connecticut. Washing your hair with hard water can make your hair drier and more brittle, studies have shown, but “there’s no direct evidence in the medical literature linking the exposure to hard water with hair loss,” says Agnihotri. It’s normal to lose around 50 to 100 hairs a day, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Anything beyond that, it’s time to head to the doctor’s office, says Bentz. To mitigate mineral buildup, experts recommend periodically using something that has EDTA as an active ingredient. You could also try using a clarifying shampoo once a week, she says. Whichever product you use, the key is to apply the shampoo directly to your skin and gently massage — not rub harshly — your hair, says Agnihotri. 1．What is a sign of hard water at home? A．Hair loss becomes increasingly serious. B．Water pressure in the shower gets lower. C．Skin feels unusually dry after being washed. D．White mineral substances form on water facilities. 2．What effect can hard water have, according to paragraph 3? A．It directly causes permanent hair loss. B．It makes hair look oily and easy to break. C．It changes the natural color of the hair. D．It prevents shampoo from working effectively. 3．What can we know from paragraph 4? A．No clear medical proof connects hard water and hair loss. B．More research is needed to solve the hair loss problem. C．It’s normal for adults to lose over 100 hairs per day. D．Hair loss cannot be cured in a short time. 4．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Strengthen. B．Highlight. C．Illustrate. D．Relieve. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了硬水的判断特征、硬水对发质的不良影响，说明硬水并不会直接导致脱发，并给出了减少矿物质堆积、养护头发的实用建议。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“If white chalk builds up around the taps, the sink, shower heads or even your coffee maker, those could be signs that you have hard water (如果水龙头、水槽、淋浴喷头甚至咖啡机周围堆积白色水垢，这些可能就是硬水的迹象。)” 可知，用水设备上出现白色矿物质沉淀物是家中存在硬水的标志。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Over time, this buildup on the skin on your head can give the appearance of oily hair, even if you’ve freshly washed it. Alongside this, you might begin to notice your hair become more dull and straw-like, and your hair more likely to suffer breakage (久而久之，头皮上的矿物质堆积会让头发看起来油腻，即便刚洗完头也是如此。与此同时，你会发现头发干枯毛躁，更容易断裂。)” 可知，硬水会让头发油腻且易断裂。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“but “there’s no direct evidence in the medical literature linking the exposure to hard water with hair loss,” says Agnihotri.(但Agnihotri表示，“医学文献中没有直接证据能证明接触硬水与脱发有关。”)” 可知，没有明确的医学证据可以将硬水和脱发联系起来。 4．词句猜测题。根据原文最后一段“To mitigate mineral buildup, experts recommend periodically using something that has EDTA as an active ingredient. (为了mitigate矿物质堆积，专家建议定期使用以EDTA为有效成分的清洁用品。)” 可知，这些做法是为了缓解、减轻矿物质堆积，因此mitigate表示缓解、减轻。 Passage 2 （2026·重庆渝中·二模） It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve? The accepted wisdom tells us progress comes from small, consistent changes that compound over time. Consistency has its place. But there’s another dimension to transformation we rarely discuss: the catalytic (催化的) power of intense productivity bursts. It’s this more intense, temporary mode of obsession that is key. Productivity experts often advocate sustainable habits and warn against the dangers of going too hard. But neuroscience reveals something fascinating: Our brains respond strongly to intensity. Our brains are highly malleable; they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge. Researchers studied London taxi drivers preparing for a test that involved memorizing 25,000 streets. When they examined the brains of these taxi drivers before and after this intensive study period, they discovered something remarkable: The posterior hippocampus, crucial for spatial navigation, physically enlarges. This finding points to a broader principle in human neuroscience: Transformation often requires crossing intensity levels that moderate effort simply can’t reach. At the level of the brain, intense learning looks very different than the slow, consistent gains we’re more familiar with. Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve. Most of us live in maintenance mode. We do enough not to lose ground but rarely enough to truly advance. Maybe it’s time we stopped feeling guilty about our occasional obsessions and started seeing them for what they are: the catalysts that make our steady progress meaningful. 5．What does the scene presented in paragraph 1 indicate? A．Unrealistic goals can lead to failure. B．Constant failures may cause frustration. C．Multitasking can not enhance productivity. D．Sustained effort may not yield real progress. 6．What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Repairable. B．Adaptable. C．Delicate. D．Analytical. 7．What happens during “transient hypofrontality”? A．You let down your guard. B．You exercise more self-regulation. C．You feel at one with the task. D．You experience a state of confusion. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Intense Focus Beats Steady Habits. B．The Key to Transformation: Consistency. C．How Changing Your Habits Leads to Growth. D．Maintenance Mode: A Common Productivity Trap. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了持续努力可能无法带来真正进步，强调了高强度专注相较于稳定习惯的优势。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve.(现在是周日晚上，你正在回顾过去一周在五个不同目标上的进展，但没有一个真正取得进展。你锻炼了两次，读了20页商业书籍，与家人共度了美好时光，并坚持了冥想练习。根据生产力专家的说法，你做的每件事都是正确的。那么，为什么有意义的改变如此难以实现呢？)”可知，第一段描述的场景表明了尽管付出了持续的努力，但可能并未取得真正的进步。故选D。 6．词句猜测题。根据下文“they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge.(它们会发生变化，有时是戏剧性的变化，以反映新获得的技能和知识)”可知，大脑会发生变化以适应新技能和知识的获得，这表明大脑是可适应的，由此可知，malleable意为“可适应的”。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex, largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve.(研究发现，在高度专注的时期，我们的大脑会表现出短暂的前额叶功能低下。主要负责自我监控的前额叶皮层往往会安静下来，这与在“心流状态”中经常看到的情况相呼应，在心流状态中，自我和任务之间的界限消失了。)”可知，在“短暂前额叶功能低下”期间，前额叶皮层安静下来，自我和任务之间的界限消失，这表明你感觉与任务融为一体。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了持续努力可能无法带来真正的进步，而高强度专注则具有催化作用，能够推动大脑发生显著变化，从而实现真正的转变。文章通过对比持续努力和高强度专注的效果，强调了高强度专注的优势，因此选项A“为什么高强度专注胜过稳定的习惯”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·吉林G35联考·二模） The ordinary-seeming act of picking up a T-shirt and folding it into a neat square requires a surprisingly complex understanding of how objects move in three dimensions. Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks. A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱). Think about all the times you’ve thrown a T-shirt into the laundry basket and how it landed in a slightly different-shaped heap each time. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to orient themselves, but every unique way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of unwrinkled clothing lying flat on a surface, with all features visible. “It’s not the fabric itself that is the challenge. It’s the number of variations that can be created by the way fabric can be crumpled,” says David Held, a robotics researcher. Once they have been trained on a fabric’s properties, many robotic systems use a folding strategy called “pick and place”, where the robot uses computer vision technology to identify a specific point on a shirt like the left sleeve, then pick up that point and place it down at a different specified point like the right sleeve. In these models, the origin, destination and trajectory (轨迹) of the movement are predetermined based on assumed properties of the fabric, such as stretch and weight. Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly. 9．Why do robots perform poorly in folding tasks? A．They struggle to apply learning. B．They fail to know the fabric. C．They lack the relevant training. D．They can’t observe new situations. 10．What makes robots’ learning to fold clothes difficult? A．The ways that people pick up their T-shirts. B．Countless fabric variations from crumpling. C．Very few images about unwrinkled clothing. D．Different assumed properties of the fabric. 11．What can we know about the strategy called “pick and place”? A．It is highly effective. B．It can adapt to changes. C．It ignores fabric’s weight. D．It has certain shortcomings. 12．What may be the best title for the text? A．Robot’s Big Challenge: Folding Clothes B．Pick and Place: A Common Robot Strategy C．Humans’ Natural Ability to Fold Clothes D．The Endless Possibilities of Home Robots 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了机器人在叠衣服这一任务上所面临的挑战。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training.(我们自身能够顺利完成此类任务，是因为我们已经掌握了不同布料在折叠时的反应规律，即便我们此前从未叠过这些衣服（面料），但机器人却难以将所学知识应用到与训练环境不同的新情境中去)”可知，机器人表现不佳的原因在于它们难以将所学的东西应用到与训练时不同的新情况中。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱).(在教机器人掌握这项技能的过程中，最大的难题在于各种织物会以无数种方式发生褶皱)”可知，机器人学习叠衣服的一个大挑战在于织物因变皱而产生的无数种形态变化。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly.(尽管这听起来可能很简单，但这种方法限制了机器人适应环境实时变化的能力——比如一条裤子的实际重量比预期的要重很多，或者一个纽扣会挡住操作路径。如果出现这类复杂情况，系统就无法改变其运行轨迹来正确完成折叠动作)”可知，虽然“抓放”策略听起来简单直接，但它限制了机器人适应环境变化的能力。这说明该策略存在缺点。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks.(我们自身能够顺利完成此类任务，是因为我们已经掌握了不同织物在折叠时的反应规律，即便我们此前从未叠过这些衣服（面料），但机器人却难以将所学知识应用到与训练环境不同的新情境中。因此，目前的机器人动作迟缓，即便是在最简单的折叠任务中也常常表现不佳)”以及文章始终围绕“机器人叠衣服所面临的巨大挑战”这一核心主题展开，因此A项“机器人的重大挑战：折叠衣物”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模） Robots are already better than humans at quite a few tasks. Try to outplay an AI-enabled system at chess or outlast a robot worker operating in rooms filled with radiation, and you’d likely fall short. But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands. A new wrist wearable may change that. Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand. Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time. Volunteers wearing the device could direct the robotic hand to grab tennis balls, make hand signs, and even play notes on a piano. The engineers behind the wristband believe it may be the most advanced tool yet for training robots to use their hands more like humans. The same technique can also be deployed to digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic. The team published their findings in the journal Nature Electronics. “We think this work has an immediate impact in potentially replacing hand tracking techniques with wearable ultrasound bands in virtual reality,” the mechanical engineering professor and study co-author Xuanhe Zhao said in a statement. 13．Why does the author mention a robot peeling a banana? A．To stress a major limit of robotics. B．To show robots’ superiority in tasks. C．To indicate a simple task for humans. D．To praise the progress of technology. 14．How does the wristband enable robotic hand control? A．It tracks wrist changes through AI. B．It sends AI orders to train the wearer. C．It uses AI to monitor the robotic hand. D．It turns wrist motions into data for AI. 15．Which best describes the underlined part “deployed to” in paragraph 3? A．Rooted in. B．Removed from. C．Applied to. D．Recognized by. 16．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Digital Environments: The Future of Robotics. B．MIT Engineers: Pioneers in Virtual Reality Tech. C．Robot Workers: Outperforming Humans in Fields. D．Ultrasound Wristband: A Leap in Robotic Hands. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了机器人精细手部动作存在短板，麻省理工学院研发的超声波腕带可捕捉手腕动作，让机械手实时复刻人类手势，还能应用于数字环境。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands.(即便有了如此多的进步，机器在完成许多看似简单的任务时仍会遇到困难，尤其是那些涉及精细手部动作的任务。比如，像剥香蕉而不将其弄破这样的简单动作，对于机器人系统来说仍被视为一项挑战，很大程度上是因为研究人员尚未弄清楚如何准确捕捉人类手部的复杂性。)”可知，作者用“机器人完整剥香蕉仍很困难”这个例子，是为了承接前文观点：尽管机器人技术进步巨大，但精细手部动作仍是其核心短板，也就是强调机器人学的一大主要局限。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand.( 最近，麻省理工学院（MIT）的一组工程师展示了一款手腕带，它利用超声成像技术持续监测佩戴者手腕内部的情况。它能捕捉到连续的超声图像，这些图像显示了佩戴者手腕内部的软组织如何相互作用以产生手势。然后，这些图像与一个能够实时解读图像并发送信号给机器人手的 AI 算法相连接。)”可知，这款腕带将手腕的动作转化为供人工智能处理的数据来实现对机械手的控制。 15．词句猜测题。根据划线短语句中“The same technique can also be … digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic.( 同样的技术还可以……数字环境，这意味着未来的使用者无需触碰手机屏幕就能控制屏幕，或者以更逼真的方式与虚拟现实进行互动。)”由此可知，这项技术同样可以应用于数字环境。deployed to在此处表示“应用、部署”，与C选项applied to“应用于”同义。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist.( 最近，麻省理工学院（MIT）的一组工程师展示了一款手腕带，它利用超声成像技术持续监测佩戴者手腕内部的情况。)”和第三段中“Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time.( 使用这个系统，机器人手会实时模仿佩戴者细微的手势。)”可知，全文核心是针对机器人精细手部动作的痛点，MIT 研发出超声波腕带，实现了机械手对人类微小手势的实时复刻，是机械手技术的重大突破。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“超声波腕带：机器人手的一项重大突破”。 Passage 5 （2026·甘肃兰州·二诊） Any kid who’s ever flown a kite has learned the lesson: Once you can get the kite off the ground and high into the air, you’re more likely to find a steady wind to keep it overhead. However, wind close to the ground tends to be slowed down by trees, buildings and hills, and the ground itself. So the higher you go, the faster the wind can travel — at 500 meters, the wind moves between 3 to 7 kilometers per hour faster, on average, than it does at 100 meters. At least 10 companies in Europe and the United States are taking that lesson to heart and flying huge kites above the ground to generate more electricity. “But to become a widespread source of electricity, wind energy, as it’s also called, needs to overcome some challenges. For example, it needs to prove that it won’t harm wildlife or create unbearable noise and visual disturbances for neighbors,” said Bauer, one of the authors of the paper Annual Review of Control, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Several years ago, Hamburg — based SkySails Power became the first company to offer a product, SkySails, which consists of a computer — controllable kite up to 180 square meters in area. In operation, the kite makes large figure eights in the sky and powers a ground — based generator capable of an average output of 80 kilowatts — enough to supply electricity to about 60 average US households. The ground — based approach, like SkySails, uses “pumping power (抽拉功率)” to run a generator on the ground. The ground — based end of an 800 — meter rope is wound around a winch (绞盘), and as the kite flies across the wind it pulls against the rope and unwinds the winch, driving a generator that produces electricity. Then the kite is allowed to float while it is pulled back, and the cycle starts again. Eventually, these companies want to build larger kites capable of generating megawatts of power. They imagine hundreds of kites grouped together on wind farms, providing electricity to the national grid. 17．What lesson may companies learn from kite flying? A．Bigger kites fly much higher. B．Upper wind produces more power. C．Ground conditions affect wind speed. D．Kites fly well in steady weather conditions. 18．What is a barrier to the wide use of wind energy according to Bauer? A．Lowering production costs. B．Providing high energy output. C．Keeping steady power supply. D．Ensuring tiny environmental impacts. 19．What is probably the key to SkySails’s work? A．Increase in the kite’s size. B．Improvement of the kite’s shape. C．Measurement of wind directions. D．Constant control of the kite’s flying. 20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Fly a Kite High and Far? B．Could High — Flying Kites Power the Future? C．How Do Different Types of Wind Affect Kites? D．How Does Pumping Power Drive Kite Electricity Generation? 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．D 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了风筝发电的原理、现状及前景，包括风筝发电的优势、面临的挑战以及一些公司的实践和设想。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段“So the higher you go, the faster the wind can travel — at 500 meters, the wind moves between 3 to 7 kilometers per hour faster, on average, than it does at 100 meters. At least 10 companies in Europe and the United States are taking that lesson to heart and flying huge kites above the ground to generate more electricity.(所以，你飞得越高，风速就越快——在500米的高度，风速平均比在100米的高度快3到7公里/小时。欧洲和美国至少有10家公司牢记这一教训，在地面以上放飞巨大的风筝以产生更多的电力。)”可知，公司可以从放风筝中学到上层风产生更多的能量。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, it needs to prove that it won’t harm wildlife or create unbearable noise and visual disturbances for neighbors.(例如，它需要证明它不会伤害野生动物，也不会给邻居带来难以忍受的噪音和视觉干扰。)”可知，根据Bauer的说法，风能广泛使用的障碍是确保对环境的影响极小。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段“Several years ago, Hamburg — based SkySails Power became the first company to offer a product, SkySails, which consists of a computer — controllable kite up to 180 square meters in area. In operation, the kite makes large figure eights in the sky and powers a ground — based generator capable of an average output of 80 kilowatts — enough to supply electricity to about 60 average US households.(几年前，总部位于汉堡的SkySails Power成为第一家提供SkySails产品的公司，该产品由一个面积可达180平方米的计算机可控风筝组成。在运行中，风筝在空中做出大的八字形，为地面发电机提供动力，平均输出功率为80千瓦，足以向大约60个美国家庭供电。)”可知，SkySails工作的关键可能是持续控制风筝的飞行。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“At least 10 companies in Europe and the United States are taking that lesson to heart and flying huge kites above the ground to generate more electricity.(欧洲和美国至少有10家公司牢记这一教训，在地面以上放飞巨大的风筝以产生更多的电力。)”和最后一段“Eventually, these companies want to build larger kites capable of generating megawatts of power. They imagine hundreds of kites grouped together on wind farms, providing electricity to the national grid.(最终，这些公司希望建造更大的风筝，能够产生兆瓦级的电力。他们想象着数百只风筝聚集在风电场，为国家电网提供电力。)”可知，文章主要介绍了风筝发电的原理、现状及前景，所以选项B“高空风筝能为未来提供动力吗”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。 Passage 6 （2026·甘肃张掖·二模） Exciting news from the University of Waterloo! A team of dedicated researchers, led by PhD student Wei Wei, has made a remarkable discovery that holds the potential to transform plastic waste into acetic acid (醋酸) — the main ingredient of vinegar — using the power of sunlight. Dr. Yimin Wu, a professor at the university, expressed their inspiring vision, stating, “Our goal was to solve the plastic pollution challenge by changing microplastic waste into high-value products using sunlight.” This mission is especially significant as plastic waste, particularly microplastics, has spread across ecosystems worldwide, raising serious concerns about its impact on both wildlife and human health. With global plastic recycling rates still falling behind, this research team has stepped up to the challenge. They have developed a pioneering bio-inspired photocatalysis (光催化) method using special iron atoms (原子). This technique copies how certain fungi (真菌) break down organic matter, showing the creativity of nature. When exposed to sunlight, the material drives a series of chemical reactions that transform plastic into acetic acid with high selectivity. The reaction takes place in water, which is particularly relevant for addressing plastic pollution in waters. The study reveals that this method can effectively produce acetic acid from common plastics and it works well even with mixed plastic types. This adaptability makes the approach a promising alternative to traditional plastic burning, supporting more sustainable material use and offering a fresh strategy for upcycling. Roy Brouwer, coauthor of the research, highlights the benefits of this innovation, noting, “Both from a business and societal perspective, the financial and economic benefits associated with this innovation seem promising.” The research findings also open up exciting new avenues for directly addressing microplastics. By breaking down plastics at the chemical level, this process could play a crucial role in preventing the accumulation of microplastics in our water systems. While still in the laboratory phase, the team is optimistic about the potential for scaling this solar-driven recycling method for broader environmental cleanup efforts. 21．What drove the research team’s initial study? A．Rising recycling rates of plastic. B．Business profits from acetic acid. C．Discovery of sunlight’s chemical power. D．Plastic pollution’s widespread harm. 22．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The challenge of plastic recycling. B．The potential of natural power. C．The inspiration and nature of the method. D．The role of iron atoms in the approach. 23．What can we learn about the photocatalysis method? A．It can completely remove microplastics. B．It is applicable to various plastics. C．It breaks down plastics faster than burning. D．It increases the cost of upcycling. 24．What does the team expect of their study? A．Applying it on a large scale. B．Finding a market for acetic acid. C．Helping reduce chemical use. D．Preventing microplastic formation in water. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了滑铁卢大学研究团队发现利用阳光将塑料废物转化为醋酸的新方法及其意义。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Our goal was to solve the plastic pollution challenge by changing microplastic waste into high-value products using sunlight.(我们的目标是通过利用阳光将微塑料废物转化为高价值产品来解决塑料污染挑战。)”可知，是塑料污染的广泛危害促使研究团队进行这项初步研究。故选D。 22．主旨大意题。根据第三段“They have developed a pioneering bio-inspired photocatalysis (光催化) method using special iron atoms (原子). This technique copies how certain fungi (真菌) break down organic matter, showing the creativity of nature.(他们开发了一种开创性的受生物启发的光催化方法，使用特殊的铁原子。这项技术模仿了某些真菌分解有机物的方式，展示了大自然的创造力。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这种方法的灵感来源和本质。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第五段中中“The study reveals that this method can effectively produce acetic acid from common plastics and it works well even with mixed plastic types.(研究表明，这种方法可以从常见塑料中有效生产醋酸，即使对于混合塑料类型也能很好地发挥作用。)”可知，这种光催化方法适用于各种塑料。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While still in the laboratory phase, the team is optimistic about the potential for scaling this solar-driven recycling method for broader environmental cleanup efforts.(虽然仍处于实验室阶段，但该团队对扩大这种太阳能驱动的回收方法以进行更广泛的环境清理的潜力持乐观态度。)”可知，该团队期望将他们的研究大规模应用。故选A。 Passage 7 （2026·新疆·二模） Every year, stroke affects 12 million people worldwide, causing death or permanent disability. Current drugs that break up blood vessel (血管) blockages spread throughout the body, so that a high quantity is needed. This leads to additional problems, such as internal bleeding. Now, researchers at ETH Zurich have made a breakthrough: a microrobot that uses magnetism (磁性) to deliver medicine directly to the target, avoiding side effects elsewhere. The robot is a tiny, ball-shaped capsule made of a dissolvable gel (可溶凝胶) and iron oxide nanoparticles (氧化铁纳米颗粒) that makes it magnetic. Scientists track it using X-ray technology. Lead author Fabian Landers explained that the capsule’s size is limited by the brain’s tiny blood vessels, posing a challenge to ensure it has enough strong magnetism. The next challenge was to drive it through the complex network of vessels, with their turns, branches, and fast flow. So, they developed ways to drive the microrobot with electromagnets. Depending on the type of magnetic force, the scientists were able to roll the robot against the vessel wall or pull it in a certain direction. Using these techniques, the microrobot could be made to travel with or against the current and at speeds up to 4 mm per second or one inch every six seconds. “Magnetic fields and their variations are ideal for treatments that cause minimal harm to the body because they go deep into the body and, at least at the strengths and frequencies we use, have no negative effects on the body compared to the traditional drugs,” said Bradley Nelson, one of the study’s co-authors. Once the microrobot reached its target, the scientists could use a high-frequency magnetic field to heat it, dissolving its shell and releasing the medicine it carried. This microrobot was tested using special models that copied the blood vessels of humans and animals, as well as in some real animals. The scientists are preparing for the following human clinical trials, so that this technology can be available in hospital operating rooms. 25．Why does the author begin with stroke statistics and current treatment drawbacks? A．To criticize the current medicine industry. B．To stress the urgency of the microrobot. C．To explain the science behind magnets. D．To describe the seriousness of stroke. 26．What barriers does Fabian Landers highlight about the capsule? A．Weak magnetism and control challenges within vessels. B．Unpredictable speed and potential damage in vessels. C．Inaccurate X-ray tracking and unstable magnetism. D．Rapid dissolution and inefficient drug targeting. 27．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Principles and application of the magnetic drug. B．Strengths of magnetic fields for treatments. C．Comparison of traditional and new drugs. D．Benefits during microrobot drug release. 28．What can be inferred about the current phase of the microrobot’s development? A．It has been abandoned due to safety issues. B．It is only effective in computer models. C．It is already used in human surgeries. D．It is still in the animal testing stage. 【答案】25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员开发出一种利用磁性将药物直接送达目标位置的微机器人，以治疗中风等疾病。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Every year, stroke affects 12 million people worldwide, causing death or permanent disability. Current drugs that break up blood vessel (血管) blockages spread throughout the body, so that a high quantity is needed. This leads to additional problems, such as internal bleeding.(每年，中风影响全球1200万人，导致死亡或永久性残疾。目前分解血管阻塞的药物会扩散到全身，因此需要大量使用。这会导致额外的问题，如内出血)”可知，作者以中风统计数据和当前治疗方法的缺点开头是为了强调开发微机器人的紧迫性。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lead author Fabian Landers explained that the capsule’s size is limited by the brain’s tiny blood vessels, posing a challenge to ensure it has enough strong magnetism. The next challenge was to drive it through the complex network of vessels, with their turns, branches, and fast flow.(主要作者Fabian Landers解释说，胶囊的大小受到大脑微小血管的限制，这给确保它有足够强的磁性带来了挑战。下一个挑战是驱动它通过复杂的血管网络，包括转弯、分支和快速流动)”可知，Fabian Landers强调了胶囊磁性弱和在血管内控制困难的障碍。故选A。 27．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Magnetic fields and their variations are ideal for treatments that cause minimal harm to the body because they go deep into the body and, at least at the strengths and frequencies we use, have no negative effects on the body compared to the traditional drugs(磁场及其变化是理想的治疗方法，因为它们能深入体内，而且至少在我们使用的强度和频率下，与传统药物相比，对身体没有负面影响)”可知，本段主要介绍了磁性药物的原则和应用，即磁场及其变化对治疗的好处。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This microrobot was tested using special models that copied the blood vessels of humans and animals, as well as in some real animals. The scientists are preparing for the following human clinical trials, so that this technology can be available in hospital operating rooms.(这种微机器人使用复制人类和动物血管的特殊模型以及在一些真实动物身上进行了测试。科学家们正在为接下来的人体临床试验做准备，以便这项技术可以在医院手术室中使用)”可推断，微机器人目前仍处于动物测试阶段。故选D。 Passage 8 （2026·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模） Nowadays, machines can not only defeat humans in chess but also surpass them in debate. An article published on December 19, 2024, reported that the latest AI system from IBM Research, Project Debater, won a debate held at IBM’s office in San Francisco, where it defeated two top human debaters: Dan Zafrir, chairman of the Israel International Debate Association, and Noa Ovadia, the 2016 Israeli National Debate Champion. This demonstrates that since its first public debut in 2019, Project Debater has continued to evolve and hold public demonstrations, marking steady progress in its capabilities. Despite this remarkable performance, Project Debater still has notable shortcomings. It extracts sentences from its document database and pre-prepared arguments, then strings them together. This approach can lead to mistakes that no human would make. Although such flaws are likely to be addressed in the future, they reveal a core issue. As noted by Kristian Hammond, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, “The system never reaches a point where it truly understands what it is discussing.” What Hammond highlights is the problem of meaning — a crucial factor that distinguishes even the least intelligent humans from the most advanced machines. A computer operates on symbols; its program sets rules to transform one sequence of symbols into another, but it does not assign meaning to those symbols. In fact, meaning is irrelevant to a computer. Humans also use symbols when thinking, speaking, reading, and writing, but for humans, meaning is paramount. When we communicate, we convey meaning. What matters is not merely the surface arrangement of symbols, but their inner essence — not just how they are structured, but what they represent. Meaning arises from social interaction, not computation. This kind of interaction shapes the content of symbols in our minds. The rules that give meaning to symbols exist not only in our brains but also within society — in social memory, norms, and relationships. It is this factor that sets humans apart from machines. Therefore, no matter how impressive Project Debater may seem, the tradition of thinking and debate pioneered by Socrates and Confucius will never come to an end with the advancement of artificial intelligence. 29．Why does the author mention Dan Zafrir and Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the primary function of the software. B．To emphasize the fairness of the human-machine contest. C．To demonstrate the high level of Project Debater’s ability. D．To illustrate the high level of the human opponents in the debate. 30．What does the underlined word “flaws” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．brilliant performances B．hidden disadvantages C．minor imperfections D．fundamental breakthroughs 31．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A．Establish its own rules for debate. B．Generate human-like speech fluently. C．Recognize and use complex vocabulary. D．Comprehend the meaning behind symbols. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards AI replacing human thinking? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Ambiguous. D．Neutral. 【答案】29．C 30．C 31．D 32．A 【导语】文章介绍IBM辩论AI可击败顶尖人类辩手，但存在固有缺陷。机器仅处理符号却不懂深层含义，意义源于社会互动，AI无法取代人类思考与辩论。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowadays, machines can not only defeat humans in chess but also surpass them in debate. An article published on December 19, 2024, reported that the latest AI system from IBM Research, Project Debater, won a debate held at IBM’s office in San Francisco, where it defeated two top human debaters: Dan Zafrir, chairman of the Israel International Debate Association, and Noa Ovadia, the 2016 Israeli National Debate Champion. This demonstrates that since its first public debut in 2019, Project Debater has continued to evolve and hold public demonstrations, marking steady progress in its capabilities.(如今，机器不仅能在国际象棋比赛中战胜人类，还能在辩论中超越人类。2024年12月19日发表的一篇文章报道称，IBM研究院最新推出的AI系统“辩论项目”在位于旧金山的IBM办公室举行的辩论中获胜，它击败了两位顶尖的人类辩手：以色列国际辩论协会主席丹·扎弗里和2016年以色列全国辩论冠军诺亚·奥瓦迪亚。这表明自2019年首次公开亮相以来，“辩论项目”一直在不断发展并进行公开演示，其能力也在稳步提升)”可知，作者在第一段中提及丹·扎弗里和诺亚·奥瓦迪亚是为了展示“辩论项目”选手的高超水平。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Despite this remarkable performance, Project Debater still has notable shortcomings. It extracts sentences from its document database and pre-prepared arguments, then strings them together. This approach can lead to mistakes that no human would make.(尽管该项目表现出了非凡的成果，但“辩论者计划”仍存在明显的缺陷。它从其文档数据库中提取句子，并调用预先准备好的论点，然后将这些内容组合起来。这种做法可能会导致出现任何人类都不会犯的错误)”可知，前文讲AI存在明显短板、会犯人类不会犯的错误，flaws指代这类内在缺陷与不足。故划线词意思是“微小的缺陷”。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段“In fact, meaning is irrelevant to a computer. Humans also use symbols when thinking, speaking, reading, and writing, but for humans, meaning is paramount. When we communicate, we convey meaning. What matters is not merely the surface arrangement of symbols, but their inner essence — not just how they are structured, but what they represent.(事实上，对于计算机而言，意义并不重要。人类在思考、说话、阅读和书写时也会使用符号，但对于人类而言，意义是至关重要的。当我们交流时，我们传递的是意义。重要的并非仅仅是符号的表面排列，而是它们的内在本质——不仅在于它们的结构方式，还在于它们所代表的内容)”可知，根据哈蒙德的说法，项目“辩论者”无法理解符号所蕴含的意义。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, no matter how impressive Project Debater may seem, the tradition of thinking and debate pioneered by Socrates and Confucius will never come to an end with the advancement of artificial intelligence.(因此，无论“辩论项目”看起来多么令人惊叹，由苏格拉底和孔子开创的思考与辩论的传统，在人工智能的发展进程中都不会就此终结)”可知，作者对人工智能取代人类思维持怀疑态度。 Passage 9 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） “Memory editing” sounds dark, bringing to mind threatening visions of erased histories or implanted lies. But in the lab, the reality is gentler and far more hopeful. The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry. Over the past decade, this work has revealed three principles. First, memories are malleable (可塑的) when being stored, recalled and restored. Second, they are distributed across the brain rather than in one region. Third, they can be artificially imprinted into the brain. Each principle reframes what “memory editing” really means. When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation. Drugs, hormones or even a bit of sugar can enhance the brain’s ability to stabilise new experiences. The same idea works in reverse. Overstimulate memory pathways, and a memory’s strength declines; block the molecules (分子) that strengthen connections, and it weakens more. Because memories are spread across the brain, they are also remarkably resilient. Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory. This backup system offers hope for treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamaged routes to a memory, we may repair pieces of identity once thought lost. Memory editing, then, isn’t about rewriting who we are — it is about giving the brain new paths back to itself. While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names. Learning to reshape memory responsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memories every time we revisit them. Science today is simply learning the rules. 33．What can we learn about memory editing from Paragraph 1? A．It erases unwanted histories and lies. B．It offers potential for brain healing. C．It facilitates painful recollection. D．It controls emotional memories. 34．What can enhance a memory’s strength? A．Blocking the molecules that stabilise memories. B．Reducing the stimulation to brain regions. C．Reinforcing the links between brain cells. D．Shortening the time of brain cells firing. 35．The underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A．hard to awaken B．limited in function C．flexible in structure D．not easily destroyed 36．What is the author’s attitude towards memory editing research? A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了记忆编辑并非黑暗操控，而是可治愈大脑的科学，其三大原理为治疗阿尔茨海默病等提供希望，虽有伦理争议但研究价值积极。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry.(对记忆编辑能力的发现正在教会我们如何从内部修复大脑，包括如何淡化创伤性的记忆、强化衰退的记忆以及重新平衡记忆所承载的情绪)”可知，记忆编辑为大脑的修复提供了可能性。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation.(当我们形成记忆时，大脑细胞会协同工作并加强彼此之间的联系。这个过程可以通过不同的刺激模式来增强或削弱)”可知，加强脑细胞之间的联系能够增强记忆的强度。故选C。 35．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory.(一个区域受损通常不会导致整个记忆的丧失。相反，大脑能够通过其他路径重新建立连接，并调用记忆的多个“备份”版本)”可知，划线词后解释道：大脑单个区域受损很少会彻底删除一整个记忆，大脑可以通过替代路径重新获取记忆，由此可知记忆因为分布在大脑各处，不容易被破坏。故划线词意思是“不易受损”。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names.(尽管这一想法与以往每一次重大医学进步所引发的伦理问题一样，都存在一定的道德争议，但我们的研究目的却是为了减轻痛苦，从而提升我们的整体福祉：帮助一位退伍军人摆脱闪回的困扰，或者帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的人记住亲人的名字)”可知，作者对记忆编辑研究是支持态度。故选D。 Passage 10 （2026·四川凉山·二诊） Have you done the MBTI personality test? “Yes, I’m an INTJ,” responded Gu Ailing in a recent interview with GQ magazine. Gu’s response became a hot topic online and drew people’s attention to the test. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a test designed to identify a person’s personality type. The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). After answering more than 90 questions, test-takers get their four-letter personality result, including a detailed description. Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers in the US in the 1940s, the test grew to become the standard for personality tests. Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. And now in China, Internet users are using it as a tool to guide their lives and relationships. But how reliable is this test? Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves. Tests and tools that help people better understand who they are and how they think are very powerful and can still help in some aspects of life. As science and technology develop, people can look forward to more accurate tests that truly embrace how wonderfully complex and ever-changing humans really are. 37．What can we learn about the MBTI test from the text? A．It was created by a famous Swiss psychologist. B．It divides personalities into 16 types based on four trait pairs. C．It has been used in China longer than in Western countries. D．It mainly focuses on predicting future career success. 38．Why do many companies use the MBTI test when they hire new employees? A．To reduce the cost of hiring new employees. B．To assess candidates’ professional skills directly. C．To match individuals with appropriate job positions. D．To follow the latest trends in global recruitment. 39．What does the underlined “scientifically valid” mean in paragraph 4? A．widely discussed B．scientifically supported C．scientifically understood D．widely acknowledged 40．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To encourage readers to take the MBTI test immediately. B．To explain the development of the MBTI test and its limitations. C．To prove that all personality tests are useless and unreliable. D．To compare the MBTI test with other psychological tools. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了MBTI人格测试的原理、流行现状，并指出其缺乏科学依据以及分类过于绝对的缺陷。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). (该测试结果基于四组相对的特质：外向与内向、感觉与直觉、思考与情感、以及判断与感知。)”和“Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. (谷爱凌的INTJ结果是该测试所显示的16种可能人格类型之一。)”可知，MBTI 测试基于四组相对特质将人格分为16种类型。故选B项。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. (许多公司和组织在招聘或评估员工时使用它，来帮助他们为特定职位挑选人员。)”可知，公司使用该测试是为了把人与合适的工作岗位相匹配。故选C项。 39．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. (据《卫报》报道，它并不被认为是scientifically valid。该测试基于瑞士心理学家卡尔·荣格的理论。就连荣格本人也警告说，他的人格“类型”只是他所观察到的粗略分类。此外，设计这项测试的人并非专业的心理学家)”可知，测试设计者都不是受过训练的心理学家，其理论也只是粗略分类，由此推知，划线短语意为“得到科学支持的”。故选B项。 40．推理判断题。根据第五段“The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves.(《卫报》指出，MBTI 的核心问题在于测试过于 “非黑即白”。结果仅将人们归入四个维度中的某一类，比如一个人要么是内向者，要么就是外向者。但很多人显然处于两者之间的中间地带。这种简单归类会阻碍人们认识自身的复杂性与更深层的自我。)”可知，文章前面介绍了MBTI测试的含义、发展和流行，后面指出它缺乏科学依据以及过于绝对化的问题，因此作者的写作目的是解释MBTI测试的发展及其局限性。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——文化，社会与历史 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二测） As a youth mental health crisis persists in the US, a new report highlights a significant gap between the level of support that teenagers feel and the amount that parents think their children have. Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents. The study authors note that the presence of an interviewer may have biased parents to respond more favorably. There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance. The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported. Depression and anxiety were nearly three times more common among teenagers who did not feel emotionally supported than among those who did; nearly a third of those who did not feel supported reported symptoms like poor sleep, poor health or low life satisfaction. Experts say it’s important for adults to make intentional time to connect with teenagers in their life. This is especially true in the age of technology and social media. “Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing statistics. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting an expert. D．By explaining a concept. 2．Why does the gap on support exist between parents and teenagers? A．They both have a strong bias. B．They define support in different ways. C．They both have high expectations. D．They avoid communication with each other. 3．What can we learn about the findings? A．Teens feeling supported are healthier. B．Parents usually ignore teens’ mental health. C．Emotional support makes no sense to teens’ health. D．A third of the teens experience low life satisfaction. 4．What does Damour suggest parents do to narrow the gap? A．Offer timely medical treatment. B．Fix time to lecture teens. C．Be a good listener with curiosity. D．Meet teens’ physical needs. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国青少年心理健康危机中，父母与孩子对情感支持的认知存在巨大差异，并分析原因与影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents.(只有大约四分之一的青少年表示他们总能获得所需的社交和情感支持，但父母认为孩子能获得支持的比例几乎是前者的三倍。该研究结果基于对近1200名12至17岁儿童及其父母的全国代表性调查。)”可知，作者通过提供调查数据来呈现这一问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance.(父母认为自己提供的支持与青少年寻求的支持类型之间可能存在脱节。父母的第一反应通常是提供建议或指导，而青少年往往想要共情和安慰。)”可知，父母和青少年对支持的定义和需求不同，因此存在认知差距。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported.(新报告显示，与那些感受到支持的青少年相比，那些觉得自己没有得到所需支持的青少年出现多种不良健康问题的概率要高得多。)”可知，感受到支持的青少年身心更健康。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.”(达莫尔表示：“通常，支持青少年其实很简单，就是对他们所表达的内容抱有好奇，然后给予共情。要明白，让青少年感觉自己被倾听、被理解，几乎是成年人能做的最有用、最有疗愈效果的事，这一点能给我们带来慰藉。”)”可知，达穆尔建议父母做一个充满好奇的倾听者。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模） Animal cafes are very popular in Japan, both with locals and foreign tourists. But a new study has found that some of these cafes could be bad for human — and animal health. Over the last 20 years, animal cafes have become increasingly popular in Japan’s cities, due to the fact that many residents aren’t able to keep pets in their small apartments. Japan’s first animal cafe was a cat cafe that opened in Tokyo in 2004. And as that idea proved popular, new businesses have introduced wild animals like owls, hedgehogs, monkeys and otters. But this summer, World Wild Fund for Nature Japan, working with researchers at Hokkaido University, did a survey of 25 animal cafes in and around Tokyo that allow customers to contact wild animals. And they found many cases of poor infection control. The researchers also found bacteria in four of the cafes, and salmonella bacteria in two. Both types of bacteria can make humans seriously ill. Although 24 of the cafes provided cleaning chemicals for their customers, only 14 had hand-washing stations. And while staff at 23 of the cafes told customers to disinfect their hands when they came in, only 14 told them to do so when they left. At 13 cafes, animals were found to have health problems that were likely caused by stress and poor animal management. The study says such issues are a crucial sign of a cafe’s overall health level. At 23 cafes, there are wild animals that are considered dangerous for human contact. However, 11 of these cafes did not explain the possible risk of injury from bites, or how to behave safely around the animals. The study also found that 31 species in the cafes are endangered, which suggests these animal cafes could be putting wild populations at risk. The study’s authors say a change in the law is needed to make wild animal cafes safer for humans and animals. 5．What makes animal cafes more and more popular? A．Tourism Marketing. B．The small living space. C．The population growth. D．The pet economy boom. 6．What do we know about the survey from paragraph 3? A．Bacteria posed risks for humans. B．Customers carried harmful bacteria. C．It was funded by Hokkaido University. D．Researchers needed to feed wild animals. 7．What has caused health problems in the animals at some cafes? A．Injuries caused by bites. B．Lack of proper hand-washing. C．Frequent contact with humans. D．Stress from poor management. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Animals Made for Good Apartment Pets B．Health Concerns Arose due to Infection Increase C．Health Risks Were Found at Japan’s Wild Animal Cafes D．Animal Cafes Should Be Allowed to Keep Endangered Species 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍日本流行的动物咖啡馆存在的人类及动物健康隐患，并通过调查说明相关问题及改进需求。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Over the last 20 years, animal cafes have become increasingly popular in Japan's cities, due to the fact that many residents aren't able to keep pets in their small apartments. (在过去的20年里，动物咖啡馆在日本城市变得越来越受欢迎，原因是许多居民无法在他们狭小的公寓里养宠物)”可知，狭小的居住空间使人们无法养宠物，这让动物咖啡馆越来越受欢迎。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers also found bacteria in four of the cafes, and salmonella bacteria in two. Both types of bacteria can make humans seriously ill. (研究人员还在四家咖啡馆发现了细菌，在两家咖啡馆发现了沙门氏菌。这两种细菌都会让人类患上严重的疾病)”可知，调查发现咖啡馆中的细菌对人类构成了健康风险。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“At 13 cafes, animals were found to have health problems that were likely caused by stress and poor animal management. (在13家咖啡馆中，发现动物存在健康问题，这些问题可能是由压力和不良的动物管理造成的)”可知，一些咖啡馆里的动物出现健康问题是由于压力和不良管理。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“But a new study has found that some of these cafes could be bad for human— and animal health. (但一项新的研究发现，其中一些咖啡馆可能对人类和动物的健康有害)”及后文调查发现的各种健康隐患可知，本文主要围绕日本野生动物咖啡馆存在的健康风险展开。C项“日本野生动物咖啡馆被发现存在健康隐患”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·甘肃张掖·二模） Duck syndrome (综合征) describes the tendency to appear calm and effortless on the surface while struggling intensely underneath. Stanford students originally created it to describe a specific campus dynamic: students struggling to survive the pressures of a fiercely competitive environment while projecting the image of someone who barely needs to try. The defining feature of duck syndrome is the gap between what others see and what you actually experience. On the outside, you seem relaxed, social, successful, and in control. On the inside, you may feel exhausted, stressed out, anxious, or deeply uncertain about whether you belong. You might spend hours preparing for an exam but tell classmates you barely studied. You might feel crushed by a setback but respond with a shrug (耸肩). Most explanations for duck syndrome center on social comparison, the natural human tendency to evaluate yourself by looking at the people around you. In competitive environments like elite universities or high-pressure workplaces, the people around you are often exceptionally talented. When you only see their polished results and never see their process, it’s easy to conclude that success comes more naturally to them than it does to you. Social media amplifies this significantly. Carefully posted videos and pictures show highlight of other people’s lives: the internship (实习) offer, the vacation, the perfect certificate celebration. You rarely see the rejection emails, the failed attempts, or the breakdowns in between. This creates a biased picture of how other people are doing, which makes your own normal struggles feel abnormal by comparison. The most effective counter to duck syndrome is honesty, both with yourself and with at least a few people around you. That sounds simple, but in environments where everyone performs effortlessness, being the first person to say “I’m struggling” takes genuine courage. When one person does it, though, it often gives others permission to do the same. Many universities have started addressing this, creating campaigns and peer programs that normalize struggle and make mental health conversations part of campus culture. 9．Which of the following is a feature of duck syndrome? A．Be willing to ask for help. B．Minimize struggles. C．Share inner feelings with friends. D．Rarely engage in comparison. 10．What does the underlined word “amplifies” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Challenges. B．Estimates. C．Removes. D．Expands. 11．What is the most effective approach to tackling duck syndrome? A．Reveal struggles honestly. B．Celebrate achievements frequently. C．Have mental health conversations. D．Build strong interpersonal relationships. 12．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．Hidden Fears: Exposing Campus Stress B．Silent Battles: Defeating Perfectionism C．Acting Calm: Understanding Duck Syndrome D．Academic Competition: Getting Through Top Colleges 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“鸭子综合征”的特征、成因以及应对方法。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The defining feature of duck syndrome is the gap between what others see and what you actually experience. On the outside, you seem relaxed, social, successful, and in control. On the inside, you may feel exhausted, stressed out, anxious, or deeply uncertain about whether you belong. You might spend hours preparing for an exam but tell classmates you barely studied. You might feel crushed by a setback but respond with a shrug (耸肩).(鸭子综合征的定义特征是别人看到的和你实际经历的之间的差距。从外表上看，你显得轻松、善于社交、成功、掌控一切。在内心深处，你可能会感到疲惫、压力重重、焦虑，或者对自己是否属于这里深感不确定。你可能会花几个小时准备考试，但告诉同学你几乎没学习。你可能会因为挫折而感到崩溃，但只是耸耸肩。)”可知，鸭子综合征的特征是尽量减少自己的挣扎，让别人看到自己轻松的一面。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Social media amplifies this significantly. Carefully posted videos and pictures show highlight of other people’s lives: the internship (实习) offer, the vacation, the perfect certificate celebration. You rarely see the rejection emails, the failed attempts, or the breakdowns in between.(社交媒体显著地amplifies这一点。精心发布的视频和图片展示了别人生活中的亮点：实习机会、度假、完美的证书庆祝活动。你很少看到拒绝邮件、失败的尝试，或者中间的崩溃。)”可知，社交媒体放大了人们只看到别人成功的一面，而看不到别人失败和挣扎的一面这一现象，故amplifies意为“放大，扩大”。A. Challenges挑战；B. Estimates估计；C. Removes移除；D. Expands扩大。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The most effective counter to duck syndrome is honesty, both with yourself and with at least a few people around you.(应对鸭子综合征最有效的方法是对自己和周围至少几个人诚实。)”可知，应对鸭子综合征最有效的方法是诚实地面对自己的挣扎。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Duck syndrome (综合征) describes the tendency to appear calm and effortless on the surface while struggling intensely underneath. Stanford students originally created it to describe a specific campus dynamic: students struggling to survive the pressures of a fiercely competitive environment while projecting the image of someone who barely needs to try.(鸭子综合征描述的是表面上看起来平静而轻松，而内心却激烈挣扎的倾向。斯坦福大学的学生最初用它来描述一种特定的校园动态：学生们在激烈竞争的环境中挣扎求生，同时却表现出几乎不需要努力的形象。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“鸭子综合征”的特征、成因以及应对方法，因此C选项“Acting Calm: Understanding Duck Syndrome(表现得冷静：了解鸭子综合征)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 4 （2026·陕西·二模） The Spring Festival, traditionally a time for familial reunion and ancestral veneration, has undergone a profound metamorphosis in the digital age. While the red lanterns and dumplings remain symbolic constants, the underlying social dynamics have shifted from physical proximity to virtual connectivity. The ritual of the “New Year’s visit” has largely been supplanted by the instantaneous transmission of digital red packets and algorithmic greetings. This transition reflects a broader societal trend where the “Cowherd” archetype — the figure separated from his beloved by the vast, uncrossable Milky Way — finds a modern parallel in the urban migrant worker or the overseas student. Just as the magpies formed a bridge for the celestial lovers once a year, high-speed rail and 5G networks now serve as the technological magpies, bridging the geographical chasm that separates families. However, critics argue that this digital mediation creates a “virtual intimacy” that lacks the tactile warmth of traditional interaction, potentially eroding the very essence of kinship that the festival was designed to reinforce. The tension between the preservation of agrarian heritage and the embrace of technological modernity remains a defining characteristic of contemporary Chinese celebrations. 13．According to the passage, what is the primary function of technology in the context of the modern Spring Festival? A．To replace traditional food customs with digital alternatives. B．To facilitate a connection that overcomes geographical separation. C．To eliminate the need for ancestral veneration entirely. D．To create a new mythology based on the “Cowherd” archetype. 14．The author mentions the “Cowherd” archetype primarily to A．illustrate the enduring relevance of ancient myths in modern society. B．criticize the lack of romanticism in contemporary urban life. C．draw a parallel between mythical separation and modern physical distance. D．explain the historical origins of the Spring Festival traditions. 15．Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards “digital red packets”? A．Unreservedly enthusiastic. B．Indifferent and detached. C．Objectively analytical with a hint of concern. D．Strongly critical and dismissive. 16．It can be inferred from the passage that “virtual intimacy” is considered problematic because it A．is too expensive for the average migrant worker. B．fails to provide the physical presence essential to traditional kinship. C．relies too heavily on the 5G network infrastructure. D．encourages people to travel less during the holidays. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍数字时代下春节的变迁，科技弥补了地域距离，也带来了传统亲情淡化的争议与思考。 13．细节理解题。根据文中的“Just as the magpies formed a bridge for the celestial lovers once a year, high-speed rail and 5G networks now serve as the technological magpies, bridging the geographical chasm that separates families.(就像喜鹊每年为天上的恋人搭起鹊桥一样，高铁和5G网络如今成为科技鹊桥，跨越分隔家庭的地理鸿沟。)”可知，现代春节中科技的主要作用是帮助人们克服地理距离实现联系。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据文中的“This transition reflects a broader societal trend where the “Cowherd” archetype — the figure separated from his beloved by the vast, uncrossable Milky Way — finds a modern parallel in the urban migrant worker or the overseas student.(这种转变反映了更广泛的社会趋势：被浩瀚银河隔开的牛郎形象，与现代外出务工人员或留学生形成对应。)”可知，作者提及牛郎是为了将神话中的分离与现代亲人的物理距离作类比。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据文中的“While the red lanterns and dumplings remain symbolic constants, the underlying social dynamics have shifted from physical proximity to virtual connectivity. The ritual of the “New Year’s visit” has largely been supplanted by the instantaneous transmission of digital red packets and algorithmic greetings. However, critics argue that this digital mediation creates a “virtual intimacy” that lacks the tactile warmth of traditional interaction, potentially eroding the very essence of kinship that the festival was designed to reinforce.(红灯笼和饺子依旧是不变的文化象征，但深层的社会互动模式已从线下相聚转向线上联结。拜年的传统习俗在很大程度上被即时发送的数字红包和算法生成的祝福所取代。然而批评者认为，这种数字媒介营造出的“虚拟亲密”缺乏传统交往的触感温暖，有可能削弱节日本应强化的亲情本质。)”可知，作者既客观陈述了数字红包取代传统拜年的现实变化，也提及了该现象带来的负面争议，态度为客观分析并带有一丝担忧。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据文中的“However, critics argue that this digital mediation creates a “virtual intimacy” that lacks the tactile warmth of traditional interaction, potentially eroding the very essence of kinship that the festival was designed to reinforce.(然而批评者认为，这种数字媒介营造出的“虚拟亲密”缺乏传统交往的触感温暖，有可能削弱节日本应强化的亲情本质。)”可知，虚拟亲密被认为存在问题，是因为它无法提供传统亲情所必需的面对面真实陪伴。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2026·陕西延安·二测） You might be leaving some happiness on the table by doing your everyday activities all by yourself. Happiness, it seems, is not just a state of mind — it’s a shared enterprise. A new study has found that almost any activity, from the ordinary to the profound, becomes more enjoyable when done with others. Whether pumping gas, or cooking dinner, the company of another person appears to make life’s routines a little brighter. The study, published in Social Psychological and Personality Science, drew on data from more than 40,000 Americans who collectively reported over 100,000 daily activities. “Participants consistently rate every common daily activity as more enjoyable when they’re interacting with somebody else,” said Elizabeth Dunn, the study’s senior author. Even seasoned experts on social behavior were taken aback by the consistency of the findings. “I was surprised by the extent and extremity of the effects,” admitted Nicholas Epley, a behavioral scientist who was not involved in the research. Unsurprisingly, the biggest boosts were linked to activities already social by nature — eating, drinking, walking, running, and playing games. Yet even solitary (独自的) pursuits such as reading, or crafting also saw a happiness bump when shared. While in-person interactions provided the strongest benefits, even phone calls produced measurable mood improvements. Dunn notes that if it can’t be in-person, having some element of voice seems to be important. The study did not include personality data, leaving unanswered how individual characteristics might influence outcomes. Previous studies, however, suggest that social connection reliably enhances wellbeing across personality types. Researchers identify “undersociality” — the tendency to underestimate how warmly others will respond to social initiatives — as a primary barrier to seeking connection. The practical implications are clear; we should intentionally create more opportunities for social engagement. Simple strategies such as working alongside friends at coffee shops or conversing by phone while completing chores can transform ordinary activities into sources of joy. Ultimately, the research convincingly demonstrates that happiness arises not merely from what we do, but fundamentally from who we do it with. 17．How was the research mainly conducted? A．By analyzing massive activity reports. B．By conducting laboratory experiments. C．By comparing different personality types. D．By interviewing experts in social behavior. 18．What did the study find about social interactions? A．They require face-to-face communication. B．Their effects vary greatly among individuals. C．They enhance enjoyment of various activities. D．They bring greater joy in independent activities. 19．Why does the author mention previous studies in paragraph 4? A．To stress the limitation of the new study. B．To introduce a different research method. C．To provide supporting evidence for a claim. D．To question the findings of the new study. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Alone or Together: A Social Dilemma. B．Social Activities: Relationship Builder. C．Personality Differences: A Factor in Social Joy. D．Shared Moments: The Social Key to Happiness. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现，与他人共同完成日常活动能提升幸福感，社交互动是获得快乐的关键因素。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in Social Psychological and Personality Science, drew on data from more than 40,000 Americans who collectively reported over 100,000 daily activities.(这项发表在《社会心理与人格科学》上的研究，利用了4万多名美国人的数据，他们总共报告了超过10万项日常活动。)”可知，该研究主要通过分析大量的活动报告开展。故选A项。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that almost any activity, from the ordinary to the profound, becomes more enjoyable when done with others.(一项新研究发现，几乎任何活动，无论是平凡的还是意义深远的，与他人一起做都会变得更愉快。)”可知，研究发现社交互动能提升各类活动的愉悦感。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previous studies, however, suggest that social connection reliably enhances wellbeing across personality types.(然而，以往的研究表明，社交联系确实能提升各种性格类型人群的幸福感。)”可知，作者提及以往研究是为了给观点提供支持性证据。故选C项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Happiness, it seems, is not just a state of mind — it’s a shared enterprise. A new study has found that almost any activity, from the ordinary to the profound, becomes more enjoyable when done with others.(幸福似乎不仅仅是一种心态，更是一项共同的事业。一项新研究发现，几乎任何活动，无论是平凡的还是意义深远的，与他人一起做都会变得更愉快。)”以及最后一段中的“Ultimately, the research convincingly demonstrates that happiness arises not merely from what we do, but fundamentally from who we do it with.(最终，该研究有力地证明，幸福不仅仅来自我们做什么，更根本地来自我们和谁一起做。)”可知，全文核心观点是与他人共享时光是获得幸福的社交关键，因此“Shared Moments: The Social Key to Happiness(共度时光：通往幸福的社交密码)”概括了文章的主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （2026·内蒙古包头·二模） It was a warm spring day when Alaqua Cox got the text. She was floating on a raft in a lake near her home in Wisconsin. A friend had sent her a social media post. It said Marvel was looking for a deaf Indigenous woman in her 20s. That woman would play a superhero named Maya Lopez in a new TV series, Hawkeye. Alaqua was all those things Marvel was looking for: She’s deaf. She’s Indigenous. She’s a woman in her 20s. But she wasn’t an actress. Plus, the character wasn’t an amputee like Alaqua, who has had her right leg removed. So at first, Alaqua laughed it off. But then two more friends sent her the same post. After that, something changed. “Let’s go for it,” she remembers thinking. “Why not?” Alaqua never dreamed of being famous. She grew up on a Menominee Indian Reservation with her three siblings. But she was the only deaf student in her middle school. People had to translate things into American Sign Language (ASL) for her. They weren’t always the best at it, though. “I was very shy and isolated as a kid,” she says. And Alaqua definitely didn’t see many people who looked like her on TV. Most of the Indigenous characters she saw were played by non-Indigenous actors. There weren’t many deaf or disabled actors either. Alaqua didn’t think she would be the one to change that. But after three months of tryouts, she got a call. The part was hers! Not only would Maya Lopez be the first deaf Indigenous superhero — she would be an amputee too. That felt important to Alaqua. “It shows other people with disabilities that they can do anything,” she says. Alaqua’s experience in school helped her know what she needed to succeed on Hawkeye. She asked for deaf acting coaches and trainers. She also suggested that the cast and crew take ASL classes. When she arrived on set, people were able to greet her in ASL. “That meant so much to me,” she says. Alaqua will never forget being that shy middle schooler. When asked what she would tell her younger self, she doesn’t think twice. “You are perfect the way you are,” she says. 1．What made Alaqua Cox decide to try for the role at first? A．Her rich acting experience. B．The encouragement from her friends. C．Her dream of becoming a superhero. D．The invitation from the film team directly. 2．Which of the following best describes Alaqua Cox as a kid? A．Sociable and optimistic. B．Lonely and unconfident. C．Ambitious and independent. D．Talkative and energetic. 3．What did Alaqua Cox do to make sure she succeeded on the set? A．She taught ASL to the cast and crew. B．She refused to work with non-disabled actors. C．She changed the whole story of the TV series Hawkeye. D．She asked for professional help and better communication. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The development of American Sign Language B．The Way to become an independent amputee C．The birth of a Marvel superhero with a disability D．The popularity of the Marvel TV series Hawkeye 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】主要讲述残疾失聪的原住民女性阿拉夸·考克斯，在朋友鼓励下参与试镜，成功饰演漫威残疾超级英雄，传递励志价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So at first, Alaqua laughed it off. But then two more friends sent her the same post. After that, something changed. “Let’s go for it,” she remembers thinking.(起初阿拉夸对此一笑置之，后来又有两位朋友给她发来同一条招募动态。在那之后，有一些变化发生了。“那就行动吧。”她回忆当时的想法说道)”可知，多位朋友的转发与鼓励，促使她下定决心参与角色试镜。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I was very shy and isolated as a kid,” she says.(她说：“我小时候十分害羞，常常孤立独处。”)”可知，阿拉夸儿时性格孤僻内向，孤独且缺乏自信。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“She asked for deaf acting coaches and trainers. She also suggested that the cast and crew take ASL classes.(她主动要求配备失聪的表演教练与专业培训人员。她还提议全体剧组人员上美式手语课程)”可知，她通过寻求专业帮助、优化沟通方式，保障拍摄工作顺利开展。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“Not only would Maya Lopez be the first deaf Indigenous superhero — she would be an amputee too. That felt important to Alaqua.(玛娅·洛佩兹不仅是首位失聪的原住民超级英雄，同时也是一名截肢者，这一角色塑造对阿拉夸而言意义重大。)”可知，文章先介绍阿拉夸的成长经历与试镜契机，再讲述她克服自身缺陷、用心诠释角色的过程，展现出首位漫威残疾超级英雄的诞生与背后的励志内涵，因此“The birth of a Marvel superhero with a disability(一名身患残疾的漫威超级英雄的诞生)”最能概括全文核心内容，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 2 （2026·陕西西安·二模） A groundbreaking study reveals that simply observing visual art can significantly enhance well-being, with benefits extending beyond museums to hospitals and even virtual settings. Published in The Journal of Positive Psychology, the research synthesizes (综合) 38 studies involving 6,805 participants, offering the first comprehensive analysis of art’s therapeutic potential. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent, they say. This study examined decades of scattered (分散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. Led by psychologists from the University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University, the study highlights how artworks like The Starry Night and The Scream improve eudemonic well-being — linked to life meaning and personal growth. The effects were consistent across diverse formats, including paintings, sculptures, and digital displays. These benefits were observed in a variety of locations — in museums and galleries as well as clinics and hospital settings and also through the medium of virtual reality. A wide range of art types including figurative and abstract paintings, photography, and sculpture were found to improve well-being. “Art is often seen as a luxury,” notes lead author MacKenzie Trupp, at the University of Vienna, “but our findings position it as an accessible, low-cost well-being tool.” Claire Howlin, assistant professor of Trinity College, added, “While the benefits of creating art are well-documented, the impacts of viewing art have been overlooked despite its daily accessibility.” The World Health Organization’s 2019 recommendation to pair art with clinical care aligns (使一致) with these findings, as art addresses core human needs for meaning and identity. With European health departments seeking evidence-based art interventions, this review paves the way for large-scale implementation. From Van Gogh masterpieces to hospital corridor installations, art proves to be a universal resource for mental wellness. 5．Why does the author mention the previous research on appreciating art? A．To criticize its limitation. B．To highlight new findings. C．To prove art is inconsistent. D．To compare different studies. 6．What does the underlined word “eudemonic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Right-based. B．Wealth-supported. C．Value-related. D．Passion-driven. 7．What can we learn from Claire Howlin’s words? A．Clinical care should replace art. B．Viewing art is undervalued. C．Art is hard to appreciate. D．Few people fully access art. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Visual Art Is a Costly Luxury B．Creating Art Matters Much C．Art Can Give Meaning to Life D．Viewing Art Boosts Well-being 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究综合分析发现，观赏各类视觉艺术可显著提升幸福感，该方式低成本易获取，还可应用于医疗等领域，其价值此前常被忽视。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent, they say. This study examined decades of scattered (分散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being.( 他们指出，此前的研究表明观赏艺术可能会影响情绪或压力，但这些研究存在局限性和不一致性。而此次研究则对数十年分散的调查进行了审查，首次提供了关于何时、何地以及为何观赏艺术能促进幸福感的清晰且全面的概述。)”可知，第二段指出，以往研究有限且结论不一致，而本次研究首次全面清晰地梳理了观赏艺术提升幸福感的相关结论。由此可知，提及旧研究是为了突出新研究的创新性与重要性。故选B项。 6．词句猜测题。根据破折号后解释：“linked to life meaning and personal growth(与人生意义、个人成长相关)”由此可知，这种幸福感与价值、意义相关。C选项Value-related“与价值相关的”符合语境。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Claire Howlin, assistant professor of Trinity College, added, “While the benefits of creating art are well-documented, the impacts of viewing art have been overlooked despite its daily accessibility.”(特里尼蒂学院的助理教授克莱尔·霍林补充道：“虽然创作艺术的好处已得到充分证实，但观赏艺术的影响却被忽视了，尽管它在日常生活中随处可见。”)”可知，从克莱尔·霍林的言论中，我们可以得出观赏艺术未得到足够的重视。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“A groundbreaking study reveals that simply observing visual art can significantly enhance well-being, with benefits extending beyond museums to hospitals and even virtual settings.( 一项开创性的研究表明，仅仅观赏视觉艺术就能显著提升幸福感，其益处不仅限于博物馆，还延伸至医院乃至虚拟环境。)”可知，原文核心为一项新研究证实：观赏视觉艺术能显著提升幸福感，且成本低、易实现，适用于多种场景。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“观赏艺术能提升幸福感”。故选D项。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·山西太原·二模） Speaking of fungi, most tend to picture mushrooms typically growing in soil. Actually our planet hosts an estimated 3.8 million species of fungi, acting as primary decomposers and nutrient recyclers. Some underground fungi can form the “wood wide web” to facilitate communication between trees. Beyond these common types, there exists a distinctive group known as pyrophilous fungi, also called fire-loving fungi, that thrive abundantly in fire-stricken areas. They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F, then emerge when the forest has been ruined, growing into an ecosystem with far fewer competitors. Pyrophilous fungi have long fascinated researchers, for they can break down burnt remains, mainly charcoal and ash, and this power lies at the heart of forest recovery. Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery. Glassman, an ecologist at the University of California, cultivated fungi found in post-wildfire landscapes in the lab over five years. By exposing samples to charcoal, Glassman’s team monitored and analyzed the fungal genes active in breaking down carbon compounds in charcoal. They found these genes have evolved in three main ways. The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another. The team’s findings indicate that the charcoal-metabolizing genes originally came from bacteria and were transferred to pyrophilous fungi during their evolutionary history. “Fungi have to eat but they can’t make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource, and fungi have evolved to take advantage of it,” says Glassman. By degrading charcoal and releasing carbon, these pyrophilous fungi help restart nutrient cycles. Some species can even digest chemical pollutants. They also form dense fungal networks that hold the soil together, and upon dying, contribute a nutritious material to enrich the soil for future life. Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants. As wildfires intensify, these delicate organisms possibly become the most important players in post-fire forest recovery. 1．What advantage do the pyrophilous fungi have? A．Their structures to resist heat. B．Their competitive nature in the wild. C．Their ability to communicate with trees. D．Their vital roles in creating nutrients. 2．Why was the research on the fungi conducted according to paragraph 2? A．To cultivate them in a lab. B．To compare them with bacteria. C．To classify their species. D．To uncover their genetic secret. 3．How does charcoal contribute to pyrophilous fungi’s growth? A．By serving as a food supply. B．By holding soil together. C．By forming a dense network. D．By releasing chemical pollutants. 4．What is Glassman’s expectation about? A．Possible methods for new research. B．Medical value of fungi species. C．Potential application of the finding. D．Strategic plan for plant selection. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了嗜火真菌(pyrophilous fungi)的特性及其在火灾后森林恢复中的关键作用。研究发现，这类真菌能耐受极端高温，通过从细菌处获得的基因分解木炭和灰烬，从而重启营养循环、稳定土壤。研究者展望利用它们修复被污染的生态环境。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F, then emerge when the forest has been ruined, growing into an ecosystem with far fewer competitors. (它们能够形成能够抵御极高温度（足以杀死大多数生物）的结构，在超过200°F的土壤中也能存活下来。当森林遭到破坏时，它们便会重新出现，进而形成一个竞争者更少的生态系统。)”可知，这些嗜火真菌有隔热结构。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery. Glassman, an ecologist at the University of California, cultivated fungi found in post-wildfire landscapes in the lab over five years. By exposing samples to charcoal, Glassman’s team monitored and analyzed the fungal genes active in breaking down carbon compounds in charcoal. They found these genes have evolved in three main ways. The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another. The team’s findings indicate that the charcoal-metabolizing genes originally came from bacteria and were transferred to pyrophilous fungi during their evolutionary history. (然而，其背后的具体机制仍是个谜。加尔斯曼是加利福尼亚大学的一名生态学家，他在实验室里对在野火过后形成的土地上发现的真菌进行了为期五年的培养研究。通过让样本接触木炭，加尔斯曼的团队监测并分析了在分解木炭中的碳化合物时活跃的真菌基因。他们发现这些基因主要通过三种方式进化而来。最令人兴奋的是跨物种转移，即一种生物直接将有用的特性传递给另一种生物。该团队的研究结果表明，分解木炭的基因最初来自细菌，并在这些真菌的进化历程中被转移到了嗜火真菌中。)”可知，研究目的是揭示其分解木炭的遗传机制。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fungi have to eat but they can’t make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource, and fungi have evolved to take advantage of it (真菌需要进食，但它们无法自行制造食物，所以木炭是一种资源，而真菌也进化出了利用这种资源的本领)”可知，木炭是真菌的食物来源。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants. (格拉斯曼强调了利用这些生物来帮助修复受污染的环境，并使环境更适合植物重新生长的这一可能性。)”可知，他期望将这些研究发现应用于生态修复。 Passage 2 （2026·重庆·二模） As humans burn fossil (化石) fuels, rising temperatures are already driving more severe heat waves, floods, droughts, and wildfires. But there are even bigger impacts on the horizon. Climate change may also be pushing Earth's crucial systems — from the Amazon rainforest to polar ice sheets — so far out of balance that they collapse, sending disastrous effects across the planet. Warm water corals are the first. According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Since 2023, the world's reefs have been enduring the worst mass bleaching (白化) event on record as oceans reach record high temperatures, with more than 80% affected. What was an underwater richness of color and life is being replaced with a bleached, seaweed-dominated landscape. Coral reefs are an essential habitat for marine species, are vital for food security, contribute trillions to the global economy and protect coastal areas from storms. If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it's all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels. Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts. Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵). Once replaced, polluting technologies are unlikely to come back as cleaner options are cheaper and better, it found. 5．What is described as the first climate tipping point the planet has reached? A．Polar ice sheets' melting. B．Coral reefs' massive loss. C．Ocean currents' collapse. D．Amazon rainforest's decline. 6．Why is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To warn worse consequences may arise. B．To lead in another natural phenomenon. C．To compare effects of various Earth's systems. D．To show the potential effect of coral bleaching. 7．What does Manjana Milkoreit think of current climate policies? A．Predictive. B．Achievable. C．Insufficient. D．Unchangeable. 8．What positive change does the report highlight? A．Polluting technologies have been banned globally. B．Fossil fuel use has declined to pre-industrial levels. C．Coral reefs are recovering due to new technologies. D．Cleaner energy technologies are advancing quickly. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一份全球科学家联合发布的气候报告，该报告指出气候变化已经使地球达到首个灾难性气候临界点——珊瑚礁大面积死亡，若气温持续上升还会出现更多更严重的气候临界点，现有气候政策不足以应对这类突发不可逆变化，同时报告也提到清洁能源技术快速发展这一积极进展。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁).(根据全球160位科学家撰写的一份里程碑式报告，地球已经到达了一系列灾难性且可能无法恢复的气候临界点中的第一个：珊瑚礁的大范围死亡)”可知，首个气候临界点是珊瑚礁的大规模消失。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it’s all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels.(如果气温持续上升，地球将面临更多临界点的考验，因为其几乎肯定会突破全球达成的将升温幅度控制在比工业化前水平高出 1.5℃以内的目标。其中最为令人担忧的一个问题是大西洋经向翻转环流的可能崩溃，这是一个至关重要的海洋环流系统，其崩溃将导致部分地区陷入极度严寒，而其他地区则会升温，扰乱季节性风向，并导致海平面上升)”可推知，提及大西洋经向翻转环流是为了警示可能出现的更严重后果。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts.(报告作者之一Manjana Milkoreit指出，当前的政策和国际协议是为渐进式变化设计的，而不是为这种剧烈、不可恢复且相互关联的转变设计的)”可推知，Manjana Milkoreit认为当前的气候政策不足以应对这些剧烈且不可恢复的转变。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵).(在其令人担忧的发现中，报告也提出了一些振奋人心的消息，包括太阳能、电动汽车以及电池和热泵的急剧增长)”可知，该报告强调了积极的变化，即清洁能源技术正在迅速发展。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·云南·二诊） Does your heart sink when you see a supermarket bin full of unopened, in-date food disposed of at closing time? Mine does. That feeling only deepened after I volunteered at a UK food bank, where I watched families struggle to afford basic groceries, while perfectly edible food was being abandoned by retailers (零售商) every single day. Food waste is a global crisis troubling the retail and grocery sector. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports that roughly 14% of food produced worldwide is lost between harvest and retail, with a further 17% wasted in households, restaurants and retail outlets. While many supermarkets have trialled donation schemes or end-of-day discounts, UK-based app Too Good To Go has pioneered a creative solution: it lets customers buy “magic bags” of surplus (剩余的) food from shops and restaurants for just a third of the original price. Launched in 2016, the app now operates in 17 countries, boasting more than 75 million registered users. Each magic bag is a lucky dip: it might contain baked goods, fresh produce, ready meals or dairy items that would otherwise be abandoned at closing. Crucially, none of the food in the magic bags is unsafe or past its expiry date. Instead, this surplus food has a clear source: it is the stock shops fail to sell before closing time each day. It mainly includes extra loaves of bread, unsold pre-made salads, and other items that remain in stores but cannot be put on sale the next day. In other words, all the food in the bags comes from the daily leftover stock of local shops and restaurants. Many small cafes and bakeries report the app has not only reduced their food waste, but also attracted new, loyal customers. Dr. Elena Marquez, lead researcher on the 2023 industry study into food waste reduction, notes that while the app cannot single-handedly fix the global food waste crisis, it delivers a win-win model for the sector. “This technology is a reminder that small, accessible actions can drive meaningful change,” she says. “It turns a pressing environmental and social challenge into value for businesses, families and our planet, and sets a powerful example for more sustainable solutions going forward.” 9．What can be learned about the author from the first paragraph? A．He once worked in a local supermarket. B．He has deep sympathy for needy families. C．He helped deliver food to local retailers. D．He throws away unsold food at closing. 10．What is the core purpose of the app Too Good To Go? A．To help shops promote new products. B．To sell discounted food near its due date. C．To prevent surplus food from being wasted. D．To connect food banks with local retailers. 11．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How magic bags are priced. B．Why magic bag food is safe. C．What food customers prefer. D．Where surplus food comes from. 12．What can we infer about the app from the last paragraph? A．It has solved the global food crisis completely. B．It has a positive and far-reaching influence. C．It has only gained popularity in the UK market. D．It has a dominant role in global waste reduction. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍全球食物浪费问题，重点说明英国Too Good To Go软件通过售卖剩余食物盲袋减少浪费，实现多方共赢并树立榜样。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Does your heart sink when you see a supermarket bin full of unopened, in-date food disposed of at closing time? Mine does. That feeling only deepened after I volunteered at a UK food bank, where I watched families struggle to afford basic groceries, while perfectly edible food was being abandoned by retailers (零售商) every single day.(当你看到超市关门时，垃圾桶里堆满未开封、仍在保质期内却被丢弃的食物，你会不会心里一沉？我会。在英国食物救济站做志愿后，这种感触愈发强烈。我亲眼见到许多家庭难以购买基本生活食材，可各大零售商每天都在丢弃大量完好可食用的食物。)”可知，作者对贫困家庭抱有深切的同情。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“While many supermarkets have trialled donation schemes or end-of-day discounts, UK-based app Too Good To Go has pioneered a creative solution: it lets customers buy “magic bags” of surplus (剩余的) food from shops and restaurants for just a third of the original price.(尽管许多超市已经试行食物捐赠方案或晚间折扣活动，但英国一款名为Too Good To Go的应用开创了新颖的解决办法：用户只需原价三分之一的价格，就能购买商家和餐厅剩余食物组成的“魔法盲袋”。)”可知，该软件的核心目的是避免剩余食物被浪费。故选C项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Crucially, none of the food in the magic bags is unsafe or past its expiry date. Instead, this surplus food has a clear source: it is the stock shops fail to sell before closing time each day. (关键是，魔法盲袋里的食物全都安全，没有一样过保质期。这些剩余食物来源明确：都是各家店铺每日关门之前没能卖完的存货。)”以及本段下文内容可知，本段主要介绍盲袋里剩余食物的来源。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It turns a pressing environmental and social challenge into value for businesses, families and our planet, and sets a powerful example for more sustainable solutions going forward.(它将严峻的环境与社会难题转化为多方价值，并为未来可持续解决方案树立了优秀榜样。)”可知，这款软件有着积极且深远的影响。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2026·新疆·二模） Sea urchins (海胆) are a valued global dish — served fresh across Asia, crafted into pasta sauces in Italy, and enjoyed in high-end restaurants worldwide. Yet in Australia, an overabundance of long-spined (长刺) sea urchins is destroying marine ecosystems with little public awareness of their food-related potential. The long-spined sea urchin — a native species expanding southward due to warming waters — has overeaten the vast stretches of the Great Southern Reef, reducing once thriving seaweed forests to lifeless wasteland. Now, affected areas extend across 2000 km of coastline with 20 million urchins dominating Tasmania’s reefs alone. “Without intervention, the wasteland will threaten marine industries, biodiversity, and the resilience (韧性) of the Great Southern Reef. The long-spined urchins are representative for climate change impacts, and we need urgent cooperation across industry, politics, science, and policy.” says Maria Byrne, one of Australia’s leading urchin experts. Fortunately, the long-spined is also an unused delicious food in Australia. Leading chefs are now embracing urchins in their kitchens. Athena Ko, CEO of The Roe Australia, demonstrates how flavourful urchins can be in fine dining. “With the right preparation, they can stand alongside the world’s best seafood.” says Ko. Globally, demand runs high. “Pacific coastal communities have eaten urchins since the eighth century,” notes Makoto Shimizu of Aktia Sanniku Factory, calling Australia’s urchins resource incredible but ignored. Currently, divers can harvest a ton within two hours, but the processing and profitability bottlenecks remain. Financial support and facility development are critical. To restore balance to the reef, the Centro Task Force has developed a $55 million national plan backed by a Federal Senate Inquiry, combining commercial harvesting, ecological management and scientific research. The documentary White Rock and activities like the Ocean Lovers Talk all aim to raise public awareness. Experts stress the ecosystem can recover quickly, turning this crisis into a win-win for Australia, if the government acts urgently. 13．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons behind the sea urchin population explosion. B．The specific areas most affected by sea urchins. C．The potential for sea urchins as a global dish. D．The ecological threat and the call for action. 14．Which best describes the current situation of the long-spined sea urchin in Australia? A．It is a rare species that needs immediate protection. B．It is a promising but underdeveloped food resource. C．It is already a top-selling seafood in global markets. D．It is a traditional food with limited modern appeal. 15．Why is expanding sea urchin harvesting a challenge in Australia? A．Local communities oppose commercial harvesting. B．Global demand for sea urchins is declining. C．Processing difficulties affect profitability. D．Government policies restrict harvesting. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Climate Change and Australia’s Dying Reefs B．The Great Southern Reef’s Uncertain Future C．Sea Urchins: The Silent Threat of Sea Ecology D．Eat an Ecological Problem: Consuming Sea Urchins Helps 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚沿海长刺海胆泛滥成灾，破坏海洋生态，但同时也是一种未被充分利用的美食，通过捕捞和食用海胆可以解决生态问题。 13．主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了长刺海胆因水温升高而向南扩散，过度啃食海藻林，造成大片海底荒漠，并引用专家的话呼吁紧急合作。根据第二段“The long-spined sea urchin...has overeaten the vast stretches...reducing once thriving seaweed forests to lifeless wasteland.(长刺海胆过度啃食大片大南部礁石，将曾经繁茂的海藻林变成死寂的荒原)”以及“Without intervention, the wasteland will threaten marine industries, biodiversity, and the resilience (韧性) of the Great Southern Reef. The long-spined urchins are representative for climate change impacts, and we need urgent cooperation across industry, politics, science, and policy.(如果不加以干预，这片海底荒漠将威胁到海洋产业、生物多样性以及大南部礁石的韧性。长刺海胆是气候变化影响的典型代表，我们需要产业界、政界、科学界和政策制定者紧急携手合作。)”可知，本段主要讲生态威胁及呼吁行动。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fortunately, the long-spined is also an unused delicious food in Australia.(幸运的是，长刺海胆在澳大利亚也是一种未被利用的美味食物)”以及“calling Australia’s urchins resource incredible but ignored.(称澳大利亚的海胆资源极为丰富却未得到重视”可知，海胆是一种有前景但尚未开发的食品资源。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“Currently, divers can harvest a ton within two hours, but the processing and profitability bottlenecks remain.(目前，潜水员两小时内可收获一吨，但加工和盈利瓶颈依然存在)”可知，扩大收获的挑战在于加工困难和盈利问题。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕澳大利亚海胆泛滥成灾的问题，提出通过食用海胆来缓解生态危机，即“吃掉生态问题”。选项D“Eat an Ecological Problem: Consuming Sea Urchins Helps(吃掉生态问题：消费海胆有帮助)”准确概括了文章主旨。故选D。 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （2026·贵州毕节·二模） Have you ever wondered if animals “see the world” in the same way we do? According to a new study, the answer is no — not only do animals perceive their surroundings differently, but they also experience time itself at greatly different speeds. The research studied 237 animal species and found that an animal’s lifestyle strongly influences how fast it processes visual information. The speed of visual perception (感知) is measured using a universal standard called “critical flicker fusion (CFF)”, which refers to the fastest rate at which a flickering light can be seen as separate flashes, not a continuous light. For instance, humans can perceive flicker (闪烁) up to about 60 flashes per second, while some birds and insects can detect over 200 flashes. That means they see the world in much finer detail in terms of time, almost like watching slow motion. The study uncovered several key findings. Flying species tend to have the fastest visual processing — about twice as fast as non-flying animals. Predators (捕食者) that chase fast-moving prey also have quicker vision compared to animals feeding on slow or stationary food. In addition, animals active in bright daylight generally have faster vision than those living in dark or deep-water environments. These differences are not random. Scientists believe they are shaped by evolution to match each animal’s ecological needs. Undoubtedly, faster visual processing brings great survival benefits: it allows animals to react instantly when flying, hunting or escaping. However, it comes with a high cost, as rapid neural processing consumes huge amounts of energy. The findings also raise concerns about the impacts of artificial lights, which flicker at rates invisible to humans but may disturb animals with fast visual system by affecting their hunting success, navigation, and predator-prey interactions. “Understanding how animals perceive time helps us understand how they behave, evolve, and respond to environmental change,” said lead author Dr Haarlem. “It also reminds us that the world we experience is just one version of many.” 1．What is CFF according to the text? A．The point of light invisible to animals. B．The number of light flashes per second. C．The frequency of light flickering in nature. D．The standard for visual perception speed. 2．Which of the animals processes visual information fastest? A．An eagle. B．A fish. C．A snake. D．A tiger. 3．What negative effect may artificial lights have on animals? A．They make all animals lose their way. B．They prevent animals from hunting. C．They disturb animals’ survival activities. D．They do harm to animals’ visual system. 4．What do Dr Haarlem’s words imply? A．Humans perceive time in the most advanced way. B．The real world is far more diverse than humans perceive. C．Animals experience the world in the same way as humans do. D．Animals’ perception of time decides their living environment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于动物视觉感知速度的研究，揭示了不同动物根据其生活习性(如是否飞行、捕食方式、活动环境等)进化出不同的视觉信息处理速度。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The speed of visual perception (感知) is measured using a universal standard called “critical flicker fusion (CFF)”, which refers to the fastest rate at which a flickering light can be seen as separate flashes, not a continuous light. (视觉感知的速度使用一种通用标准来衡量，称为“临界闪烁融合频率”，它指的是闪烁的光能被看作是独立闪光而非连续光的最高频率)”可知，CFF是衡量视觉感知速度的标准。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Flying species tend to have the fastest visual processing — about twice as fast as non-flying animals. (飞行物种往往拥有最快的视觉处理速度——大约是非飞行动物的两倍)”可知，拥有最快视觉信息处理的动物应是会飞的物种。选项中只有鹰是飞行物种。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The findings also raise concerns about the impacts of artificial lights, which flicker at rates invisible to humans but may disturb animals with fast visual system by affecting their hunting success, navigation, and predator-prey interactions. (这些发现也引发了对人造光影响的担忧。人造光以人类不可见的频率闪烁，但可能会干扰视觉系统较快的动物，影响它们的捕猎成功率、导航以及捕食者与猎物之间的互动)”可知，人造光可能干扰动物的生存活动。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dr Haarlem的话“It also reminds us that the world we experience is just one version of many. (它也提醒我们，我们所体验的世界只是众多版本中的一个)”可知，Dr Haarlem暗示真实世界远比人类所感知的更加多样。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2026·云南玉溪·二测） Some 50 km south of London, deep in the Sussex countryside, lies the world’s lar$ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage 2 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A Passage 3 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A Passage 4 13．A 14．D 15．C 16．D Passage 5 17．B 18．D 19．D 20．B Passage 6 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A Passage 7 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D Passage 8 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．A Passage 9 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．D Passage 10 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．B 主题02 人与社会——文化，社会与历史 Passage 1 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 2 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C Passage 4 13．B 14．C 15．C 16．B Passage 5 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D 主题03 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 2 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D Passage 3 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B Passage 4 13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 1.D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 主题06 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 2 5．D 6．D 7．D 8．A Passage 3 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A Passage 4 13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 2 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．D 10．B 11．B 12．C Passage 4 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．C Passage 5 17．D 18．D 19．C 20．B Passage 6 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D Passage 7 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D Passage 8 29．A 30．C 32．D 32．B Passage 9 33．B 34．D 35．C 36．C Passage 10 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．A Passage 11 41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B Passage 12 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．B Passage 13 49．D 40．C 51．B 52．C Passage 14 53．D 54．B 55．C 56．B Passage 15 57．B 58．D 59．D 60．D Passage 16 61．A 62．D 63．A 64．B Passage 17 65．A 66．A 67．B 68．C Passage 18 69．C 70．D 71．B 72．B Passage 19 73．A 74．C 75．D 76．C Passage 20 77．A 78．B 79．C 80．D Passage 21 81．B 82．B 83．A 84．D 主题02 人与社会——文化，社会与历史 Passage 1 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C Passage 2 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C Passage 3 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C Passage 4 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．C Passage 5 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．A Passage 6 21．C 22．C 23．A 24．D Passage 7 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．A Passage 8 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A Passage 9 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B Passage 10 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D Passage 11 41．B 42．C 43．B 44．A Passage 12 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C Passage 13 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C Passage 14 53．C 54．D 55．C 56．B Passage 15 57．B 58．A 59．B 60．D Passage 16 61．B 62．D 63．C 64．D Passage 17 65．C 66．B 67．B 68．A Passage 18 69．D 70．B 71．B 72．C Passage 19 73．A 74．B 75．B 76．C Passage 20 77．D 78．C 79．A 80．B 主题03 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C Passage 2 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C Passage 3 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．C Passage 4 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 2 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C Passage 4 13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A Passage 5 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D Passage 6 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C Passage 7 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．C Passage 8 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．A Passage 9 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．B Passage 10 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C Passage 11 41．D 42．C 43．A 44．C Passage 12 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．D Passage 13 49．D 50．B 51．C 52．A Passage 14 53．B 54．B 55．C 56．C 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 2 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．B Passage 4 13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C Passage 5 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A Passage 6 21．D 22．D 23．C 24．A Passage 7 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．B Passage 8 29．D 30．D 31．C 32．A 主题06 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage 2 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C Passage 3 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A Passage 4 13．A 14．C 15．B 16．D 主题07 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 2 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B Passage 3 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D Passage 4 13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A Passage 5 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．C Passage 6 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．C Passage 7 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．B Passage 8 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．D Passage 9 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．C Passage 10 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·山西·二模） It’s normal to see a little hair come out in the shower, but noticing handfuls of hair pile up in the pipe opening is a bit alarming. On social media, lots of people are attributing (把……归因于) their hair loss concerns to one reason in particular: hard water. Hard water is incredibly mineral-rich. “The higher the calcium and magnesium levels, the harder the water,” says Gaurav Agnihotri, a clinical associate at UChicago Medicine. There are tests you can use to measure the hardness of your water, but here’s an easy indicator: “If white chalk builds up around the taps, the sink, shower heads or even your coffee maker, those could be signs that you have hard water,” he says. Showering with hard water isn’t bad for you in itself, but it “can potentially harm the hair texture, making the hair feel either too dry or even too oily,” Agnihotri says. “Shampooing (洗发) with hard water can leave mineral buildups on your hair,” added Agnihotri. Over time, this buildup on the skin on your head can give the appearance of oily hair, even if you’ve freshly washed it. Alongside this, you might begin to notice your hair become more dull and straw-like, and your hair more likely to suffer breakage, says Mary Ann Bentz, a doctor at Lawrence and Memorial Hospital in Connecticut. Washing your hair with hard water can make your hair drier and more brittle, studies have shown, but “there’s no direct evidence in the medical literature linking the exposure to hard water with hair loss,” says Agnihotri. It’s normal to lose around 50 to 100 hairs a day, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Anything beyond that, it’s time to head to the doctor’s office, says Bentz. To mitigate mineral buildup, experts recommend periodically using something that has EDTA as an active ingredient. You could also try using a clarifying shampoo once a week, she says. Whichever product you use, the key is to apply the shampoo directly to your skin and gently massage — not rub harshly — your hair, says Agnihotri. 1．What is a sign of hard water at home? A．Hair loss becomes increasingly serious. B．Water pressure in the shower gets lower. C．Skin feels unusually dry after being washed. D．White mineral substances form on water facilities. 2．What effect can hard water have, according to paragraph 3? A．It directly causes permanent hair loss. B．It makes hair look oily and easy to break. C．It changes the natural color of the hair. D．It prevents shampoo from working effectively. 3．What can we know from paragraph 4? A．No clear medical proof connects hard water and hair loss. B．More research is needed to solve the hair loss problem. C．It’s normal for adults to lose over 100 hairs per day. D．Hair loss cannot be cured in a short time. 4．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Strengthen. B．Highlight. C．Illustrate. D．Relieve. Passage 2 （2026·重庆渝中·二模） It’s Sunday evening, and you’re reviewing another week of progress on five different goals without truly moving the needle on any. You worked out twice, read 20 pages of that business book, spent quality time with family, and kept up with your meditation practice. You’re doing everything right according to the productivity experts. So why does meaningful change feel so difficult to achieve? The accepted wisdom tells us progress comes from small, consistent changes that compound over time. Consistency has its place. But there’s another dimension to transformation we rarely discuss: the catalytic (催化的) power of intense productivity bursts. It’s this more intense, temporary mode of obsession that is key. Productivity experts often advocate sustainable habits and warn against the dangers of going too hard. But neuroscience reveals something fascinating: Our brains respond strongly to intensity. Our brains are highly malleable; they change, sometimes in dramatic ways, to reflect new acquisition of skills and knowledge. Researchers studied London taxi drivers preparing for a test that involved memorizing 25,000 streets. When they examined the brains of these taxi drivers before and after this intensive study period, they discovered something remarkable: The posterior hippocampus, crucial for spatial navigation, physically enlarges. This finding points to a broader principle in human neuroscience: Transformation often requires crossing intensity levels that moderate effort simply can’t reach. At the level of the brain, intense learning looks very different than the slow, consistent gains we’re more familiar with. Research finds that during periods of intense focus, our brains exhibit transient hypofrontality. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), largely responsible for self-monitoring, tends to quiet down, mirroring what is often seen in “flow states,” where the boundaries between self and task dissolve. Most of us live in maintenance mode. We do enough not to lose ground but rarely enough to truly advance. Maybe it’s time we stopped feeling guilty about our occasional obsessions and started seeing them for what they are: the catalysts that make our steady progress meaningful. 5．What does the scene presented in paragraph 1 indicate? A．Unrealistic goals can lead to failure. B．Constant failures may cause frustration. C．Multitasking can not enhance productivity. D．Sustained effort may not yield real progress. 6．What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Repairable. B．Adaptable. C．Delicate. D．Analytical. 7．What happens during “transient hypofrontality”? A．You let down your guard. B．You exercise more self-regulation. C．You feel at one with the task. D．You experience a state of confusion. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Intense Focus Beats Steady Habits. B．The Key to Transformation: Consistency. C．How Changing Your Habits Leads to Growth. D．Maintenance Mode: A Common Productivity Trap. Passage 3 （2026·吉林G35联考·二模） The ordinary-seeming act of picking up a T-shirt and folding it into a neat square requires a surprisingly complex understanding of how objects move in three dimensions. Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks. A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱). Think about all the times you’ve thrown a T-shirt into the laundry basket and how it landed in a slightly different-shaped heap each time. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to orient themselves, but every unique way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of unwrinkled clothing lying flat on a surface, with all features visible. “It’s not the fabric itself that is the challenge. It’s the number of variations that can be created by the way fabric can be crumpled,” says David Held, a robotics researcher. Once they have been trained on a fabric’s properties, many robotic systems use a folding strategy called “pick and place”, where the robot uses computer vision technology to identify a specific point on a shirt like the left sleeve, then pick up that point and place it down at a different specified point like the right sleeve. In these models, the origin, destination and trajectory (轨迹) of the movement are predetermined based on assumed properties of the fabric, such as stretch and weight. Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly. 9．Why do robots perform poorly in folding tasks? A．They struggle to apply learning. B．They fail to know the fabric. C．They lack the relevant training. D．They can’t observe new situations. 10．What makes robots’ learning to fold clothes difficult? A．The ways that people pick up their T-shirts. B．Countless fabric variations from crumpling. C．Very few images about unwrinkled clothing. D．Different assumed properties of the fabric. 11．What can we know about the strategy called “pick and place”? A．It is highly effective. B．It can adapt to changes. C．It ignores fabric’s weight. D．It has certain shortcomings. 12．What may be the best title for the text? A．Robot’s Big Challenge: Folding Clothes B．Pick and Place: A Common Robot Strategy C．Humans’ Natural Ability to Fold Clothes D．The Endless Possibilities of Home Robots Passage 4 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模） Robots are already better than humans at quite a few tasks. Try to outplay an AI-enabled system at chess or outlast a robot worker operating in rooms filled with radiation, and you’d likely fall short. But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands. A new wrist wearable may change that. Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand. Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time. Volunteers wearing the device could direct the robotic hand to grab tennis balls, make hand signs, and even play notes on a piano. The engineers behind the wristband believe it may be the most advanced tool yet for training robots to use their hands more like humans. The same technique can also be deployed to digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic. The team published their findings in the journal Nature Electronics. “We think this work has an immediate impact in potentially replacing hand tracking techniques with wearable ultrasound bands in virtual reality,” the mechanical engineering professor and study co-author Xuanhe Zhao said in a statement. 13．Why does the author mention a robot peeling a banana? A．To stress a major limit of robotics. B．To show robots’ superiority in tasks. C．To indicate a simple task for humans. D．To praise the progress of technology. 14．How does the wristband enable robotic hand control? A．It tracks wrist changes through AI. B．It sends AI orders to train the wearer. C．It uses AI to monitor the robotic hand. D．It turns wrist motions into data for AI. 15．Which best describes the underlined part “deployed to” in paragraph 3? A．Rooted in. B．Removed from. C．Applied to. D．Recognized by. 16．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Digital Environments: The Future of Robotics. B．MIT Engineers: Pioneers in Virtual Reality Tech. C．Robot Workers: Outperforming Humans in Fields. D．Ultrasound Wristband: A Leap in Robotic Hands. Passage 5 （2026·甘肃兰州·二诊） Any kid who’s ever flown a kite has learned the lesson: Once you can get the kite off the ground and high into the air, you’re more likely to find a steady wind to keep it overhead. However, wind close to the ground tends to be slowed down by trees, buildings and hills, and the ground itself. So the higher you go, the faster the wind can travel — at 500 meters, the wind moves between 3 to 7 kilometers per hour faster, on average, than it does at 100 meters. At least 10 companies in Europe and the United States are taking that lesson to heart and flying huge kites above the ground to generate more electricity. “But to become a widespread source of electricity, wind energy, as it’s also called, needs to overcome some challenges. For example, it needs to prove that it won’t harm wildlife or create unbearable noise and visual disturbances for neighbors,” said Bauer, one of the authors of the paper Annual Review of Control, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Several years ago, Hamburg — based SkySails Power became the first company to offer a product, SkySails, which consists of a computer — controllable kite up to 180 square meters in area. In operation, the kite makes large figure eights in the sky and powers a ground — based generator capable of an average output of 80 kilowatts — enough to supply electricity to about 60 average US households. The ground — based approach, like SkySails, uses “pumping power (抽拉功率)” to run a generator on the ground. The ground — based end of an 800 — meter rope is wound around a winch (绞盘), and as the kite flies across the wind it pulls against the rope and unwinds the winch, driving a generator that produces electricity. Then the kite is allowed to float while it is pulled back, and the cycle starts again. Eventually, these companies want to build larger kites capable of generating megawatts of power. They imagine hundreds of kites grouped together on wind farms, providing electricity to the national grid. 17．What lesson may companies learn from kite flying? A．Bigger kites fly much higher. B．Upper wind produces more power. C．Ground conditions affect wind speed. D．Kites fly well in steady weather conditions. 18．What is a barrier to the wide use of wind energy according to Bauer? A．Lowering production costs. B．Providing high energy output. C．Keeping steady power supply. D．Ensuring tiny environmental impacts. 19．What is probably the key to SkySails’s work? A．Increase in the kite’s size. B．Improvement of the kite’s shape. C．Measurement of wind directions. D．Constant control of the kite’s flying. 20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Fly a Kite High and Far? B．Could High — Flying Kites Power the Future? C．How Do Different Types of Wind Affect Kites? D．How Does Pumping Power Drive Kite Electricity Generation? Passage 6 （2026·甘肃张掖·二模） Exciting news from the University of Waterloo! A team of dedicated researchers, led by PhD student Wei Wei, has made a remarkable discovery that holds the potential to transform plastic waste into acetic acid (醋酸) — the main ingredient of vinegar — using the power of sunlight. Dr. Yimin Wu, a professor at the university, expressed their inspiring vision, stating, “Our goal was to solve the plastic pollution challenge by changing microplastic waste into high-value products using sunlight.” This mission is especially significant as plastic waste, particularly microplastics, has spread across ecosystems worldwide, raising serious concerns about its impact on both wildlife and human health. With global plastic recycling rates still falling behind, this research team has stepped up to the challenge. They have developed a pioneering bio-inspired photocatalysis (光催化) method using special iron atoms (原子). This technique copies how certain fungi (真菌) break down organic matter, showing the creativity of nature. When exposed to sunlight, the material drives a series of chemical reactions that transform plastic into acetic acid with high selectivity. The reaction takes place in water, which is particularly relevant for addressing plastic pollution in waters. The study reveals that this method can effectively produce acetic acid from common plastics and it works well even with mixed plastic types. This adaptability makes the approach a promising alternative to traditional plastic burning, supporting more sustainable material use and offering a fresh strategy for upcycling. Roy Brouwer, coauthor of the research, highlights the benefits of this innovation, noting, “Both from a business and societal perspective, the financial and economic benefits associated with this innovation seem promising.” The research findings also open up exciting new avenues for directly addressing microplastics. By breaking down plastics at the chemical level, this process could play a crucial role in preventing the accumulation of microplastics in our water systems. While still in the laboratory phase, the team is optimistic about the potential for scaling this solar-driven recycling method for broader environmental cleanup efforts. 21．What drove the research team’s initial study? A．Rising recycling rates of plastic. B．Business profits from acetic acid. C．Discovery of sunlight’s chemical power. D．Plastic pollution’s widespread harm. 22．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The challenge of plastic recycling. B．The potential of natural power. C．The inspiration and nature of the method. D．The role of iron atoms in the approach. 23．What can we learn about the photocatalysis method? A．It can completely remove microplastics. B．It is applicable to various plastics. C．It breaks down plastics faster than burning. D．It increases the cost of upcycling. 24．What does the team expect of their study? A．Applying it on a large scale. B．Finding a market for acetic acid. C．Helping reduce chemical use. D．Preventing microplastic formation in water. Passage 7 （2026·新疆·二模） Every year, stroke affects 12 million people worldwide, causing death or permanent disability. Current drugs that break up blood vessel (血管) blockages spread throughout the body, so that a high quantity is needed. This leads to additional problems, such as internal bleeding. Now, researchers at ETH Zurich have made a breakthrough: a microrobot that uses magnetism (磁性) to deliver medicine directly to the target, avoiding side effects elsewhere. The robot is a tiny, ball-shaped capsule made of a dissolvable gel (可溶凝胶) and iron oxide nanoparticles (氧化铁纳米颗粒) that makes it magnetic. Scientists track it using X-ray technology. Lead author Fabian Landers explained that the capsule’s size is limited by the brain’s tiny blood vessels, posing a challenge to ensure it has enough strong magnetism. The next challenge was to drive it through the complex network of vessels, with their turns, branches, and fast flow. So, they developed ways to drive the microrobot with electromagnets. Depending on the type of magnetic force, the scientists were able to roll the robot against the vessel wall or pull it in a certain direction. Using these techniques, the microrobot could be made to travel with or against the current and at speeds up to 4 mm per second or one inch every six seconds. “Magnetic fields and their variations are ideal for treatments that cause minimal harm to the body because they go deep into the body and, at least at the strengths and frequencies we use, have no negative effects on the body compared to the traditional drugs,” said Bradley Nelson, one of the study’s co-authors. Once the microrobot reached its target, the scientists could use a high-frequency magnetic field to heat it, dissolving its shell and releasing the medicine it carried. This microrobot was tested using special models that copied the blood vessels of humans and animals, as well as in some real animals. The scientists are preparing for the following human clinical trials, so that this technology can be available in hospital operating rooms. 25．Why does the author begin with stroke statistics and current treatment drawbacks? A．To criticize the current medicine industry. B．To stress the urgency of the microrobot. C．To explain the science behind magnets. D．To describe the seriousness of stroke. 26．What barriers does Fabian Landers highlight about the capsule? A．Weak magnetism and control challenges within vessels. B．Unpredictable speed and potential damage in vessels. C．Inaccurate X-ray tracking and unstable magnetism. D．Rapid dissolution and inefficient drug targeting. 27．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Principles and application of the magnetic drug. B．Strengths of magnetic fields for treatments. C．Comparison of traditional and new drugs. D．Benefits during microrobot drug release. 28．What can be inferred about the current phase of the microrobot’s development? A．It has been abandoned due to safety issues. B．It is only effective in computer models. C．It is already used in human surgeries. D．It is still in the animal testing stage. Passage 8 （2026·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模） Nowadays, machines can not only defeat humans in chess but also surpass them in debate. An article published on December 19, 2024, reported that the latest AI system from IBM Research, Project Debater, won a debate held at IBM’s office in San Francisco, where it defeated two top human debaters: Dan Zafrir, chairman of the Israel International Debate Association, and Noa Ovadia, the 2016 Israeli National Debate Champion. This demonstrates that since its first public debut in 2019, Project Debater has continued to evolve and hold public demonstrations, marking steady progress in its capabilities. Despite this remarkable performance, Project Debater still has notable shortcomings. It extracts sentences from its document database and pre-prepared arguments, then strings them together. This approach can lead to mistakes that no human would make. Although such flaws are likely to be addressed in the future, they reveal a core issue. As noted by Kristian Hammond, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, “The system never reaches a point where it truly understands what it is discussing.” What Hammond highlights is the problem of meaning — a crucial factor that distinguishes even the least intelligent humans from the most advanced machines. A computer operates on symbols; its program sets rules to transform one sequence of symbols into another, but it does not assign meaning to those symbols. In fact, meaning is irrelevant to a computer. Humans also use symbols when thinking, speaking, reading, and writing, but for humans, meaning is paramount. When we communicate, we convey meaning. What matters is not merely the surface arrangement of symbols, but their inner essence — not just how they are structured, but what they represent. Meaning arises from social interaction, not computation. This kind of interaction shapes the content of symbols in our minds. The rules that give meaning to symbols exist not only in our brains but also within society — in social memory, norms, and relationships. It is this factor that sets humans apart from machines. Therefore, no matter how impressive Project Debater may seem, the tradition of thinking and debate pioneered by Socrates and Confucius will never come to an end with the advancement of artificial intelligence. 29．Why does the author mention Dan Zafrir and Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the primary function of the software. B．To emphasize the fairness of the human-machine contest. C．To demonstrate the high level of Project Debater’s ability. D．To illustrate the high level of the human opponents in the debate. 30．What does the underlined word “flaws” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．brilliant performances B．hidden disadvantages C．minor imperfections D．fundamental breakthroughs 31．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A．Establish its own rules for debate. B．Generate human-like speech fluently. C．Recognize and use complex vocabulary. D．Comprehend the meaning behind symbols. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards AI replacing human thinking? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Ambiguous. D．Neutral. Passage 9 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） “Memory editing” sounds dark, bringing to mind threatening visions of erased histories or implanted lies. But in the lab, the reality is gentler and far more hopeful. The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry. Over the past decade, this work has revealed three principles. First, memories are malleable (可塑的) when being stored, recalled and restored. Second, they are distributed across the brain rather than in one region. Third, they can be artificially imprinted into the brain. Each principle reframes what “memory editing” really means. When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation. Drugs, hormones or even a bit of sugar can enhance the brain’s ability to stabilise new experiences. The same idea works in reverse. Overstimulate memory pathways, and a memory’s strength declines; block the molecules (分子) that strengthen connections, and it weakens more. Because memories are spread across the brain, they are also remarkably resilient. Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory. This backup system offers hope for treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamaged routes to a memory, we may repair pieces of identity once thought lost. Memory editing, then, isn’t about rewriting who we are — it is about giving the brain new paths back to itself. While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names. Learning to reshape memory responsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memories every time we revisit them. Science today is simply learning the rules. 33．What can we learn about memory editing from Paragraph 1? A．It erases unwanted histories and lies. B．It offers potential for brain healing. C．It facilitates painful recollection. D．It controls emotional memories. 34．What can enhance a memory’s strength? A．Blocking the molecules that stabilise memories. B．Reducing the stimulation to brain regions. C．Reinforcing the links between brain cells. D．Shortening the time of brain cells firing. 35．The underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A．hard to awaken B．limited in function C．flexible in structure D．not easily destroyed 36．What is the author’s attitude towards memory editing research? A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. Passage 10 （2026·四川凉山·二诊） Have you done the MBTI personality test? “Yes, I’m an INTJ,” responded Gu Ailing in a recent interview with GQ magazine. Gu’s response became a hot topic online and drew people’s attention to the test. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a test designed to identify a person’s personality type. The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). After answering more than 90 questions, test-takers get their four-letter personality result, including a detailed description. Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers in the US in the 1940s, the test grew to become the standard for personality tests. Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. And now in China, Internet users are using it as a tool to guide their lives and relationships. But how reliable is this test? Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves. Tests and tools that help people better understand who they are and how they think are very powerful and can still help in some aspects of life. As science and technology develop, people can look forward to more accurate tests that truly embrace how wonderfully complex and ever-changing humans really are. 37．What can we learn about the MBTI test from the text? A．It was created by a famous Swiss psychologist. B．It divides personalities into 16 types based on four trait pairs. C．It has been used in China longer than in Western countries. D．It mainly focuses on predicting future career success. 38．Why do many companies use the MBTI test when they hire new employees? A．To reduce the cost of hiring new employees. B．To assess candidates’ professional skills directly. C．To match individuals with appropriate job positions. D．To follow the latest trends in global recruitment. 39．What does the underlined “scientifically valid” mean in paragraph 4? A．widely discussed B．scientifically supported C．scientifically understood D．widely acknowledged 40．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To encourage readers to take the MBTI test immediately. B．To explain the development of the MBTI test and its limitations. C．To prove that all personality tests are useless and unreliable. D．To compare the MBTI test with other psychological tools. 主题02 人与社会——文化，社会与历史 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二测） As a youth mental health crisis persists in the US, a new report highlights a significant gap between the level of support that teenagers feel and the amount that parents think their children have. Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents. The study authors note that the presence of an interviewer may have biased parents to respond more favorably. There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance. The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported. Depression and anxiety were nearly three times more common among teenagers who did not feel emotionally supported than among those who did; nearly a third of those who did not feel supported reported symptoms like poor sleep, poor health or low life satisfaction. Experts say it’s important for adults to make intentional time to connect with teenagers in their life. This is especially true in the age of technology and social media. “Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing statistics. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting an expert. D．By explaining a concept. 2．Why does the gap on support exist between parents and teenagers? A．They both have a strong bias. B．They define support in different ways. C．They both have high expectations. D．They avoid communication with each other. 3．What can we learn about the findings? A．Teens feeling supported are healthier. B．Parents usually ignore teens’ mental health. C．Emotional support makes no sense to teens’ health. D．A third of the teens experience low life satisfaction. 4．What does Damour suggest parents do to narrow the gap? A．Offer timely medical treatment. B．Fix time to lecture teens. C．Be a good listener with curiosity. D．Meet teens’ physical needs. Passage 2 （2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模） Animal cafes are very popular in Japan, both with locals and foreign tourists. But a new study has found that some of these cafes could be bad for human — and animal health. Over the last 20 years, animal cafes have become increasingly popular in Japan’s cities, due to the fact that many residents aren’t able to keep pets in their small apartments. Japan’s first animal cafe was a cat cafe that opened in Tokyo in 2004. And as that idea proved popular, new businesses have introduced wild animals like owls, hedgehogs, monkeys and otters. But this summer, World Wild Fund for Nature Japan, working with researchers at Hokkaido University, did a survey of 25 animal cafes in and around Tokyo that allow customers to contact wild animals. And they found many cases of poor infection control. The researchers also found bacteria in four of the cafes, and salmonella bacteria in two. Both types of bacteria can make humans seriously ill. Although 24 of the cafes provided cleaning chemicals for their customers, only 14 had hand-washing stations. And while staff at 23 of the cafes told customers to disinfect their hands when they came in, only 14 told them to do so when they left. At 13 cafes, animals were found to have health problems that were likely caused by stress and poor animal management. The study says such issues are a crucial sign of a cafe’s overall health level. At 23 cafes, there are wild animals that are considered dangerous for human contact. However, 11 of these cafes did not explain the possible risk of injury from bites, or how to behave safely around the animals. The study also found that 31 species in the cafes are endangered, which suggests these animal cafes could be putting wild populations at risk. The study’s authors say a change in the law is needed to make wild animal cafes safer for humans and animals. 5．What makes animal cafes more and more popular? A．Tourism Marketing. B．The small living space. C．The population growth. D．The pet economy boom. 6．What do we know about the survey from paragraph 3? A．Bacteria posed risks for humans. B．Customers carried harmful bacteria. C．It was funded by Hokkaido University. D．Researchers needed to feed wild animals. 7．What has caused health problems in the animals at some cafes? A．Injuries caused by bites. B．Lack of proper hand-washing. C．Frequent contact with humans. D．Stress from poor management. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Animals Made for Good Apartment Pets B．Health Concerns Arose due to Infection Increase C．Health Risks Were Found at Japan’s Wild Animal Cafes D．Animal Cafes Should Be Allowed to Keep Endangered Species Passage 3 （2026·甘肃张掖·二模） Duck syndrome (综合征) describes the tendency to appear calm and effortless on the surface while struggling intensely underneath. Stanford students originally created it to describe a specific campus dynamic: students struggling to survive the pressures of a fiercely competitive environment while projecting the image of someone who barely needs to try. The defining feature of duck syndrome is the gap between what others see and what you actually experience. On the outside, you seem relaxed, social, successful, and in control. On the inside, you may feel exhausted, stressed out, anxious, or deeply uncertain about whether you belong. You might spend hours preparing for an exam but tell classmates you barely studied. You might feel crushed by a setback but respond with a shrug (耸肩). Most explanations for duck syndrome center on social comparison, the natural human tendency to evaluate yourself by looking at the people around you. In competitive environments like elite universities or high-pressure workplaces, the people around you are often exceptionally talented. When you only see their polished results and never see their process, it’s easy to conclude that success comes more naturally to them than it does to you. Social media amplifies this significantly. Carefully posted videos and pictures show highlight of other people’s lives: the internship (实习) offer, the vacation, the perfect certificate celebration. You rarely see the rejection emails, the failed attempts, or the breakdowns in between. This creates a biased picture of how other people are doing, which makes your own normal struggles feel abnormal by comparison. The most effective counter to duck syndrome is honesty, both with yourself and with at least a few people around you. That sounds simple, but in environments where everyone performs effortlessness, being the first person to say “I’m struggling” takes genuine courage. When one person does it, though, it often gives others permission to do the same. Many universities have started addressing this, creating campaigns and peer programs that normalize struggle and make mental health conversations part of campus culture. 9．Which of the following is a feature of duck syndrome? A．Be willing to ask for help. B．Minimize struggles. C．Share inner feelings with friends. D．Rarely engage in comparison. 10．What does the underlined word “amplifies” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Challenges. B．Estimates. C．Removes. D．Expands. 11．What is the most effective approach to tackling duck syndrome? A．Reveal struggles honestly. B．Celebrate achievements frequently. C．Have mental health conversations. D．Build strong interpersonal relationships. 12．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．Hidden Fears: Exposing Campus Stress B．Silent Battles: Defeating Perfectionism C．Acting Calm: Understanding Duck Syndrome D．Academic Competition: Getting Through Top Colleges Passage 4 （2026·陕西·二模） The Spring Festival, traditionally a time for familial reunion and ancestral veneration, has undergone a profound metamorphosis in the digital age. While the red lanterns and dumplings remain symbolic constants, the underlying social dynamics have shifted from physical proximity to virtual connectivity. The ritual of the “New Year’s visit” has largely been supplanted by the instantaneous transmission of digital red packets and algorithmic greetings. This transition reflects a broader societal trend where the “Cowherd” archetype — the figure separated from his beloved by the vast, uncrossable Milky Way — finds a modern parallel in the urban migrant worker or the overseas student. Just as the magpies formed a bridge for the celestial lovers once a year, high-speed rail and 5G networks now serve as the technological magpies, bridging the geographical chasm that separates families. However, critics argue that this digital mediation creates a “virtual intimacy” that lacks the tactile warmth of traditional interaction, potentially eroding the very essence of kinship that the festival was designed to reinforce. The tension between the preservation of agrarian heritage and the embrace of technological modernity remains a defining characteristic of contemporary Chinese celebrations. 13．According to the passage, what is the primary function of technology in the context of the modern Spring Festival? A．To replace traditional food customs with digital alternatives. B．To facilitate a connection that overcomes geographical separation. C．To eliminate the need for ancestral veneration entirely. D．To create a new mythology based on the “Cowherd” archetype. 14．The author mentions the “Cowherd” archetype primarily to A．illustrate the enduring relevance of ancient myths in modern society. B．criticize the lack of romanticism in contemporary urban life. C．draw a parallel between mythical separation and modern physical distance. D．explain the historical origins of the Spring Festival traditions. 15．Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards “digital red packets”? A．Unreservedly enthusiastic. B．Indifferent and detached. C．Objectively analytical with a hint of concern. D．Strongly critical and dismissive. 16．It can be inferred from the passage that “virtual intimacy” is considered problematic because it A．is too expensive for the average migrant worker. B．fails to provide the physical presence essential to traditional kinship. C．relies too heavily on the 5G network infrastructure. D．encourages people to travel less during the holidays. Passage 5 （2026·陕西延安·二测） You might be leaving some happiness on the table by doing your everyday activities all by yourself. Happiness, it seems, is not just a state of mind — it’s a shared enterprise. A new study has found that almost any activity, from the ordinary to the profound, becomes more enjoyable when done with others. Whether pumping gas, or cooking dinner, the company of another person appears to make life’s routines a little brighter. The study, published in Social Psychological and Personality Science, drew on data from more than 40,000 Americans who collectively reported over 100,000 daily activities. “Participants consistently rate every common daily activity as more enjoyable when they’re interacting with somebody else,” said Elizabeth Dunn, the study’s senior author. Even seasoned experts on social behavior were taken aback by the consistency of the findings. “I was surprised by the extent and extremity of the effects,” admitted Nicholas Epley, a behavioral scientist who was not involved in the research. Unsurprisingly, the biggest boosts were linked to activities already social by nature — eating, drinking, walking, running, and playing games. Yet even solitary (独自的) pursuits such as reading, or crafting also saw a happiness bump when shared. While in-person interactions provided the strongest benefits, even phone calls produced measurable mood improvements. Dunn notes that if it can’t be in-person, having some element of voice seems to be important. The study did not include personality data, leaving unanswered how individual characteristics might influence outcomes. Previous studies, however, suggest that social connection reliably enhances wellbeing across personality types. Researchers identify “undersociality” — the tendency to underestimate how warmly others will respond to social initiatives — as a primary barrier to seeking connection. The practical implications are clear; we should intentionally create more opportunities for social engagement. Simple strategies such as working alongside friends at coffee shops or conversing by phone while completing chores can transform ordinary activities into sources of joy. Ultimately, the research convincingly demonstrates that happiness arises not merely from what we do, but fundamentally from who we do it with. 17．How was the research mainly conducted? A．By analyzing massive activity reports. B．By conducting laboratory experiments. C．By comparing different personality types. D．By interviewing experts in social behavior. 18．What did the study find about social interactions? A．They require face-to-face communication. B．Their effects vary greatly among individuals. C．They enhance enjoyment of various activities. D．They bring greater joy in independent activities. 19．Why does the author mention previous studies in paragraph 4? A．To stress the limitation of the new study. B．To introduce a different research method. C．To provide supporting evidence for a claim. D．To question the findings of the new study. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Alone or Together: A Social Dilemma. B．Social Activities: Relationship Builder. C．Personality Differences: A Factor in Social Joy. D．Shared Moments: The Social Key to Happiness. 主题03 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （2026·内蒙古包头·二模） It was a warm spring day when Alaqua Cox got the text. She was floating on a raft in a lake near her home in Wisconsin. A friend had sent her a social media post. It said Marvel was looking for a deaf Indigenous woman in her 20s. That woman would play a superhero named Maya Lopez in a new TV series, Hawkeye. Alaqua was all those things Marvel was looking for: She’s deaf. She’s Indigenous. She’s a woman in her 20s. But she wasn’t an actress. Plus, the character wasn’t an amputee like Alaqua, who has had her right leg removed. So at first, Alaqua laughed it off. But then two more friends sent her the same post. After that, something changed. “Let’s go for it,” she remembers thinking. “Why not?” Alaqua never dreamed of being famous. She grew up on a Menominee Indian Reservation with her three siblings. But she was the only deaf student in her middle school. People had to translate things into American Sign Language (ASL) for her. They weren’t always the best at it, though. “I was very shy and isolated as a kid,” she says. And Alaqua definitely didn’t see many people who looked like her on TV. Most of the Indigenous characters she saw were played by non-Indigenous actors. There weren’t many deaf or disabled actors either. Alaqua didn’t think she would be the one to change that. But after three months of tryouts, she got a call. The part was hers! Not only would Maya Lopez be the first deaf Indigenous superhero — she would be an amputee too. That felt important to Alaqua. “It shows other people with disabilities that they can do anything,” she says. Alaqua’s experience in school helped her know what she needed to succeed on Hawkeye. She asked for deaf acting coaches and trainers. She also suggested that the cast and crew take ASL classes. When she arrived on set, people were able to greet her in ASL. “That meant so much to me,” she says. Alaqua will never forget being that shy middle schooler. When asked what she would tell her younger self, she doesn’t think twice. “You are perfect the way you are,” she says. 1．What made Alaqua Cox decide to try for the role at first? A．Her rich acting experience. B．The encouragement from her friends. C．Her dream of becoming a superhero. D．The invitation from the film team directly. 2．Which of the following best describes Alaqua Cox as a kid? A．Sociable and optimistic. B．Lonely and unconfident. C．Ambitious and independent. D．Talkative and energetic. 3．What did Alaqua Cox do to make sure she succeeded on the set? A．She taught ASL to the cast and crew. B．She refused to work with non-disabled actors. C．She changed the whole story of the TV series Hawkeye. D．She asked for professional help and better communication. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The development of American Sign Language B．The Way to become an independent amputee C．The birth of a Marvel superhero with a disability D．The popularity of the Marvel TV series Hawkeye Passage 2 （2026·陕西西安·二模） A groundbreaking study reveals that simply observing visual art can significantly enhance well-being, with benefits extending beyond museums to hospitals and even virtual settings. Published in The Journal of Positive Psychology, the research synthesizes (综合) 38 studies involving 6,805 participants, offering the first comprehensive analysis of art’s therapeutic potential. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent, they say. This study examined decades of scattered (分散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. Led by psychologists from the University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University, the study highlights how artworks like The Starry Night and The Scream improve eudemonic well-being — linked to life meaning and personal growth. The effects were consistent across diverse formats, including paintings, sculptures, and digital displays. These benefits were observed in a variety of locations — in museums and galleries as well as clinics and hospital settings and also through the medium of virtual reality. A wide range of art types including figurative and abstract paintings, photography, and sculpture were found to improve well-being. “Art is often seen as a luxury,” notes lead author MacKenzie Trupp, at the University of Vienna, “but our findings position it as an accessible, low-cost well-being tool.” Claire Howlin, assistant professor of Trinity College, added, “While the benefits of creating art are well-documented, the impacts of viewing art have been overlooked despite its daily accessibility.” The World Health Organization’s 2019 recommendation to pair art with clinical care aligns (使一致) with these findings, as art addresses core human needs for meaning and identity. With European health departments seeking evidence-based art interventions, this review paves the way for large-scale implementation. From Van Gogh masterpieces to hospital corridor installations, art proves to be a universal resource for mental wellness. 5．Why does the author mention the previous research on appreciating art? A．To criticize its limitation. B．To highlight new findings. C．To prove art is inconsistent. D．To compare different studies. 6．What does the underlined word “eudemonic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Right-based. B．Wealth-supported. C．Value-related. D．Passion-driven. 7．What can we learn from Claire Howlin’s words? A．Clinical care should replace art. B．Viewing art is undervalued. C．Art is hard to appreciate. D．Few people fully access art. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Visual Art Is a Costly Luxury B．Creating Art Matters Much C．Art Can Give Meaning to Life D．Viewing Art Boosts Well-being 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·山西太原·二模） Speaking of fungi, most tend to picture mushrooms typically growing in soil. Actually our planet hosts an estimated 3.8 million species of fungi, acting as primary decomposers and nutrient recyclers. Some underground fungi can form the “wood wide web” to facilitate communication between trees. Beyond these common types, there exists a distinctive group known as pyrophilous fungi, also called fire-loving fungi, that thrive abundantly in fire-stricken areas. They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F, then emerge when the forest has been ruined, growing into an ecosystem with far fewer competitors. Pyrophilous fungi have long fascinated researchers, for they can break down burnt remains, mainly charcoal and ash, and this power lies at the heart of forest recovery. Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery. Glassman, an ecologist at the University of California, cultivated fungi found in post-wildfire landscapes in the lab over five years. By exposing samples to charcoal, Glassman’s team monitored and analyzed the fungal genes active in breaking down carbon compounds in charcoal. They found these genes have evolved in three main ways. The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another. The team’s findings indicate that the charcoal-metabolizing genes originally came from bacteria and were transferred to pyrophilous fungi during their evolutionary history. “Fungi have to eat but they can’t make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource, and fungi have evolved to take advantage of it,” says Glassman. By degrading charcoal and releasing carbon, these pyrophilous fungi help restart nutrient cycles. Some species can even digest chemical pollutants. They also form dense fungal networks that hold the soil together, and upon dying, contribute a nutritious material to enrich the soil for future life. Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants. As wildfires intensify, these delicate organisms possibly become the most important players in post-fire forest recovery. 1．What advantage do the pyrophilous fungi have? A．Their structures to resist heat. B．Their competitive nature in the wild. C．Their ability to communicate with trees. D．Their vital roles in creating nutrients. 2．Why was the research on the fungi conducted according to paragraph 2? A．To cultivate them in a lab. B．To compare them with bacteria. C．To classify their species. D．To uncover their genetic secret. 3．How does charcoal contribute to pyrophilous fungi’s growth? A．By serving as a food supply. B．By holding soil together. C．By forming a dense network. D．By releasing chemical pollutants. 4．What is Glassman’s expectation about? A．Possible methods for new research. B．Medical value of fungi species. C．Potential application of the finding. D．Strategic plan for plant selection. Passage 2 （2026·重庆·二模） As humans burn fossil (化石) fuels, rising temperatures are already driving more severe heat waves, floods, droughts, and wildfires. But there are even bigger impacts on the horizon. Climate change may also be pushing Earth's crucial systems — from the Amazon rainforest to polar ice sheets — so far out of balance that they collapse, sending disastrous effects across the planet. Warm water corals are the first. According to a landmark report produced by 160 scientists across the world, the planet has reached the first in a series of disastrous and potentially unrecoverable climate tipping points: the widespread death of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Since 2023, the world's reefs have been enduring the worst mass bleaching (白化) event on record as oceans reach record high temperatures, with more than 80% affected. What was an underwater richness of color and life is being replaced with a bleached, seaweed-dominated landscape. Coral reefs are an essential habitat for marine species, are vital for food security, contribute trillions to the global economy and protect coastal areas from storms. If temperatures continue to rise, the planet is on the edge of several more tipping points as it's all but certain to break the globally agreed goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. One of the most alarming of these is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial network of ocean currents, which would push parts of the world into a deep freeze, heating up others, disrupting seasonal winds and raising sea levels. Manjana Milkoreit, one of the report authors, noted that current policies and international agreements are designed for gradual changes, not for these kinds of sharp,unrecoverable and interconnected shifts. Among its alarming findings, the report also pulled out some uplifting news, including the dramatic rise of solar power and electric vehicles, as well as batteries and heat pumps (泵). Once replaced, polluting technologies are unlikely to come back as cleaner options are cheaper and better, it found. 5．What is described as the first climate tipping point the planet has reached? A．Polar ice sheets' melting. B．Coral reefs' massive loss. C．Ocean currents' collapse. D．Amazon rainforest's decline. 6．Why is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To warn worse consequences may arise. B．To lead in another natural phenomenon. C．To compare effects of various Earth's systems. D．To show the potential effect of coral bleaching. 7．What does Manjana Milkoreit think of current climate policies? A．Predictive. B．Achievable. C．Insufficient. D．Unchangeable. 8．What positive change does the report highlight? A．Polluting technologies have been banned globally. B．Fossil fuel use has declined to pre-industrial levels. C．Coral reefs are recovering due to new technologies. D．Cleaner energy technologies are advancing quickly. Passage 3 （2026·云南·二诊） Does your heart sink when you see a supermarket bin full of unopened, in-date food disposed of at closing time? Mine does. That feeling only deepened after I volunteered at a UK food bank, where I watched families struggle to afford basic groceries, while perfectly edible food was being abandoned by retailers (零售商) every single day. Food waste is a global crisis troubling the retail and grocery sector. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports that roughly 14% of food produced worldwide is lost between harvest and retail, with a further 17% wasted in households, restaurants and retail outlets. While many supermarkets have trialled donation schemes or end-of-day discounts, UK-based app Too Good To Go has pioneered a creative solution: it lets customers buy “magic bags” of surplus (剩余的) food from shops and restaurants for just a third of the original price. Launched in 2016, the app now operates in 17 countries, boasting more than 75 million registered users. Each magic bag is a lucky dip: it might contain baked goods, fresh produce, ready meals or dairy items that would otherwise be abandoned at closing. Crucially, none of the food in the magic bags is unsafe or past its expiry date. Instead, this surplus food has a clear source: it is the stock shops fail to sell before closing time each day. It mainly includes extra loaves of bread, unsold pre-made salads, and other items that remain in stores but cannot be put on sale the next day. In other words, all the food in the bags comes from the daily leftover stock of local shops and restaurants. Many small cafes and bakeries report the app has not only reduced their food waste, but also attracted new, loyal customers. Dr. Elena Marquez, lead researcher on the 2023 industry study into food waste reduction, notes that while the app cannot single-handedly fix the global food waste crisis, it delivers a win-win model for the sector. “This technology is a reminder that small, accessible actions can drive meaningful change,” she says. “It turns a pressing environmental and social challenge into value for businesses, families and our planet, and sets a powerful example for more sustainable solutions going forward.” 9．What can be learned about the author from the first paragraph? A．He once worked in a local supermarket. B．He has deep sympathy for needy families. C．He helped deliver food to local retailers. D．He throws away unsold food at closing. 10．What is the core purpose of the app Too Good To Go? A．To help shops promote new products. B．To sell discounted food near its due date. C．To prevent surplus food from being wasted. D．To connect food banks with local retailers. 11．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How magic bags are priced. B．Why magic bag food is safe. C．What food customers prefer. D．Where surplus food comes from. 12．What can we infer about the app from the last paragraph? A．It has solved the global food crisis completely. B．It has a positive and far-reaching influence. C．It has only gained popularity in the UK market. D．It has a dominant role in global waste reduction. Passage 4 （2026·新疆·二模） Sea urchins (海胆) are a valued global dish — served fresh across Asia, crafted into pasta sauces in Italy, and enjoyed in high-end restaurants worldwide. Yet in Australia, an overabundance of long-spined (长刺) sea urchins is destroying marine ecosystems with little public awareness of their food-related potential. The long-spined sea urchin — a native species expanding southward due to warming waters — has overeaten the vast stretches of the Great Southern Reef, reducing once thriving seaweed forests to lifeless wasteland. Now, affected areas extend across 2000 km of coastline with 20 million urchins dominating Tasmania’s reefs alone. “Without intervention, the wasteland will threaten marine industries, biodiversity, and the resilience (韧性) of the Great Southern Reef. The long-spined urchins are representative for climate change impacts, and we need urgent cooperation across industry, politics, science, and policy.” says Maria Byrne, one of Australia’s leading urchin experts. Fortunately, the long-spined is also an unused delicious food in Australia. Leading chefs are now embracing urchins in their kitchens. Athena Ko, CEO of The Roe Australia, demonstrates how flavourful urchins can be in fine dining. “With the right preparation, they can stand alongside the world’s best seafood.” says Ko. Globally, demand runs high. “Pacific coastal communities have eaten urchins since the eighth century,” notes Makoto Shimizu of Aktia Sanniku Factory, calling Australia’s urchins resource incredible but ignored. Currently, divers can harvest a ton within two hours, but the processing and profitability bottlenecks remain. Financial support and facility development are critical. To restore balance to the reef, the Centro Task Force has developed a $55 million national plan backed by a Federal Senate Inquiry, combining commercial harvesting, ecological management and scientific research. The documentary White Rock and activities like the Ocean Lovers Talk all aim to raise public awareness. Experts stress the ecosystem can recover quickly, turning this crisis into a win-win for Australia, if the government acts urgently. 13．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons behind the sea urchin population explosion. B．The specific areas most affected by sea urchins. C．The potential for sea urchins as a global dish. D．The ecological threat and the call for action. 14．Which best describes the current situation of the long-spined sea urchin in Australia? A．It is a rare species that needs immediate protection. B．It is a promising but underdeveloped food resource. C．It is already a top-selling seafood in global markets. D．It is a traditional food with limited modern appeal. 15．Why is expanding sea urchin harvesting a challenge in Australia? A．Local communities oppose commercial harvesting. B．Global demand for sea urchins is declining. C．Processing difficulties affect profitability. D．Government policies restrict harvesting. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Climate Change and Australia’s Dying Reefs B．The Great Southern Reef’s Uncertain Future C．Sea Urchins: The Silent Threat of Sea Ecology D．Eat an Ecological Problem: Consuming Sea Urchins Helps 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （2026·贵州毕节·二模） Have you ever wondered if animals “see the world” in the same way we do? According to a new study, the answer is no — not only do animals perceive their surroundings differently, but they also experience time itself at greatly different speeds. The research studied 237 animal species and found that an animal’s lifestyle strongly influences how fast it processes visual information. The speed of visual perception (感知) is measured using a universal standard called “critical flicker fusion (CFF)”, which refers to the fastest rate at which a flickering light can be seen as separate flashes, not a continuous light. For instance, humans can perceive flicker (闪烁) up to about 60 flashes per second, while some birds and insects can detect over 200 flashes. That means they see the world in much finer detail in terms of time, almost like watching slow motion. The study uncovered several key findings. Flying species tend to have the fastest visual processing — about twice as fast as non-flying animals. Predators (捕食者) that chase fast-moving prey also have quicker vision compared to animals feeding on slow or stationary food. In addition, animals active in bright daylight generally have faster vision than those living in dark or deep-water environments. These differences are not random. Scientists believe they are shaped by evolution to match each animal’s ecological needs. Undoubtedly, faster visual processing brings great survival benefits: it allows animals to react instantly when flying, hunting or escaping. However, it comes with a high cost, as rapid neural processing consumes huge amounts of energy. The findings also raise concerns about the impacts of artificial lights, which flicker at rates invisible to humans but may disturb animals with fast visual system by affecting their hunting success, navigation, and predator-prey interactions. “Understanding how animals perceive time helps us understand how they behave, evolve, and respond to environmental change,” said lead author Dr Haarlem. “It also reminds us that the world we experience is just one version of many.” 1．What is CFF according to the text? A．The point of light invisible to animals. B．The number of light flashes per second. C．The frequency of light flickering in nature. D．The standard for visual perception speed. 2．Which of the animals processes visual information fastest? A．An eagle. B．A fish. C．A snake. D．A tiger. 3．What negative effect may artificial lights have on animals? A．They make all animals lose their way. B．They prevent animals from hunting. C．They disturb animals’ survival activities. D．They do harm to animals’ visual system. 4．What do Dr Haarlem’s words imply? A．Humans perceive time in the most advanced way. B．The real world is far more diverse than humans perceive. C．Animals experience the world in the same way as humans do. D．Animals’ perception of time decides their living environment. Passage 2 （2026·云南玉溪·二测） Some 50 km south of London, deep in the Sussex countryside, lies the world’s largest seed bank: the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB). It celebrates its 25th anniversary this year, with over 2.5 billion seeds collected from 40,000 species — not just in storage, but ready to be put to work restoring habitats and fighting extinction through a global partner network. When the seed bank first opened in 2000, its objective was straightforward: to collect 10 percent of the world’s wild plant species, a target achieved in 2009. The focus now is on seed quality — concentrating on useful species to address biodiversity loss and climate change. This shift in focus comes as global environmental threats become more severe than ever before. Each seed sent to the bank goes through a careful process of cleaning and drying before being stored in underground vaults (地窖) at -20℃, with some even preserved in liquid nitrogen at -196℃. These conditions can keep seeds alive for decades, even hundreds of years. The MSB partners with over 100 countries, with China as a key partner. Since 2005, it has worked closely with the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, home to Asia’s largest seed bank. “We helped China design the facilities during its building phase and have built a really productive relationship since then,” said Breman, a senior research leader from the MSB．“I was there last year to discuss the next stage of our partnership. China has world-class facilities and is doing remarkable work, and its progress is critical for the worldwide efforts.” Despite these strong global partnerships, the challenge remains: scientists estimate that 45 percent of flowering plant species are now at risk of extinction. Climate change, pollution, and overfarming are speeding up biodiversity loss. The MSB and its partners continue to work tirelessly to protect these vulnerable plant species. 5．What is the initial goal of the Millennium Seed Bank? A．To keep seeds alive for many years. B．To include 10% of the world’s wild plant species. C．To focus on seeds with higher quality and potential. D．To collect seeds from 40,000 wild plant species by 2009. 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Where the MSB stores its seeds. B．How seeds are processed and conserved. C．How seeds are used in habitat restoration. D．Why numerous plant species are facing extinction. 7．What can be inferred about China from Breman’s words? A．It designed the facilities for the MSB． B．It needs more efforts to be professional. C．It has the most advanced seed-bank equipment. D．It plays a vital role in international plant protection. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To compare different seed banks in the world. B．To call for urgent action to address biodiversity loss. C．To introduce the MSB and its global conservation work. D．To highlight China’s commitment to global seed conservation. Passage 3 （2026·内蒙古乌兰察布·二模） Waiting for a bus on a hot day can feel exhausting and stressful, especially in cities where roads and buildings trap heat. Many people think comfort depends only on air temperature or shade, but new research from the University of British Columbia reveals that a bus stop that feels pleasant to look at can make heat feel easier to handle, even when temperatures stay high. The researchers studied 60 bus stops with different surroundings, such as varying tree cover, buildings, and paved surfaces across Denver, Colorado, a city experiencing frequent summer heat, measuring air temperature, radiant heat, humidity (湿度), and wind near waiting areas. While waiting for buses, transit (公共交通) users answered the researchers’ questions regarding how hot and comfortable they felt and how pleasant the surroundings appeared. Having analyzed the data they collected, the scientists found that people waiting at bus stops rated as visually pleasant often felt more comfortable, even when heat stress remained high. “Our findings indicate that how people view a space — its openness, greenery and overall look — can meaningfully influence how comfortable they feel, particularly under extreme heat,” said lead author Logan Steinharter. Pleasant views can reduce mental stress, which lowers discomfort signals sent to the body, and as a result, while heat still exists, the feeling is less intense, according to the researchers. Trees and vegetation were especially effective in boosting visual appeal, softening hard urban surfaces and promoting calm. Senior author Dr. Melissa McHale noted, “Design choices matter. The way infrastructure (基础设施) looks and feels can influence people’s experience of heat, even when physical exposure remains high.” As many residents rely on buses, improving comfort at bus stops supports health, safety and access. While green infrastructure doesn’t replace the need to reduce heat exposure, it plays a meaningful role in shaping daily experiences. “If we want climate-resilient and people-centred transit systems,” Dr. McHale added, “we need to think beyond bare-bones infrastructure and take into account people’s need to wait for transit.” Thoughtful design, visual quality, and greenery can make extreme heat more bearable as cities continue to warm. 9．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By comparing different cities. B．By linking heat data and personal responses. C．By measuring indoor humidity. D．By centering on recording the temperatures. 10．Why can pleasant views make heat feel less intense according to the study? A．They support emotional calm. B．They increase wind flow. C．They change actual temperature. D．They take in more sunlight. 11．What is Dr. Melissa McHale’s suggestion for future transit systems? A．Keeping paying attention to reducing heat. B．Using cheaper building materials. C．Considering the full waiting experience. D．Building more enclosed bus shelters. 12．Which is the best title for the text? A．New Bus Stops Can Cool Cities B．Heat Waves Reduce Transit Use C．People Beat the Heat with Shade D．Greenery Eases the Heat Feeling 主题06 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·陕西·二模） When my older son Jack was in high school, he accepted a summer job selling solar panels door-to-door. My first reaction was to tell him not to do it. I felt protective — afraid of the rejection he would face on doorsteps all summer long. I just couldn’t see how my thoughtful son, a good athlete and straight-A student, could cope with so much failure. Instead, we can learn to let kids fail well. Give your kids space to fail in contained, safe ways, and teach them to embrace and learn from the failures they experience. Show them how to face forward and go after the next challenge with renewed insight and energy. This mindset — what psychologist Carol Dweck calls a growth mindset — is an invaluable resource for children, particularly in a fast-changing world. When my younger son Nick, learning to ski at about age eight, asked me to watch him come down the slope, I dutifully stood at the bottom and waited. After his short run, he looked up and asked, “How did I do?” My response? “You did great!” But instead of the smile I’d expected, Nick looked puzzled, even disappointed, as he replied, “Can’t you tell me what I did wrong so I can get better?” Now I was the one smiling. Somehow, as a parent, I had helped nurture this growth mindset. Intimately familiar with Dweck’s research as a social psychologist myself, I should have commented on his process (“You were in control of your speed, and you looked like you were enjoying yourself. If you bend your knees a little more and keep your chest facing downhill, your form will be better”) rather than praising his results (“You did great!”). And now Nick showed me that what I was trying to do was working. How do you start? Stop yourself from reactively protecting your child from failure. Notice your instincts, which, while valuable in so many contexts, are not helpful in others. Initially, ask yourself, “What is the risk here? What kind of failure would this be?” to help you override your instinct to shield children from life’s most valuable lessons. Encourage them to take smart risks Create (and help them create) opportunities to stretch. Support their growth as they do so, while helping them think through the possible outcomes of choices they are considering. Then let them choose. 1．What was the author’s reaction to Jack’s summer job? A．She encouraged Jack to take the smart risk. B．She worried about Jack’s ability to handle rejection. C．She thought it would help Jack build a strong will. D．She considered the context of the possible failure. 2．What does the author want to show with Nick’s story? A．Nick is naturally gifted at skiing. B．Dweck’s research is very useful. C．Her positive feedbacks to Nick worked. D．Timely praise makes a difference to kids. 3．What does the author advise first before acting? A．Assess risks. B．Protect kids. C．Let kids choose. D．Create chances· 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Dweck’s Growth Mindset Theory on Failure. B．Let Kids Fail A Lesson in Building Confidence. C．The Essential Values Gained from Kids’ Failure. D．Parent’s Guide to Fostering Kids’ Growth Mindset. Passage 2 （2026·辽宁名校联盟·二模） In a world first, a monkey with a kidney transplant from a genetically modified pig has been living healthily for over two years, marking a significant milestone for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植). This breakthrough offers a glimmer of hope to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide waiting for organ transplants. The key to this success lies in precise gene editing. The pig used for the transplant was provided by eGenesis, a biotech company. Scientists used the CRISPR-Cas9 tool to make 69 precise genetic modifications. They “knocked out” three genes responsible for producing sugars on pig cell surfaces that would trigger an immediate attack by the human immune system. They also added seven human genes to improve the coexistence of the pig organ with human blood and to prevent dangerous blood clots (血块). Beyond the genetic modifications, the recipient pig was given a combination of standard immunosuppressive drugs (免疫抑制药物), similar to those used in human transplants, to further prevent organ rejection. The fact that the monkey has survived with a fully functioning kidney for over two years is a massive step forward. Previous attempts at cross-species transplants often failed within weeks or months due to severe immune responses. While this is a huge success, experts caution that there are still hurdles before this becomes a common medical practice. The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for this purpose. However, this achievement undeniably brings the dream of an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation closer to reality, potentially saving millions of lives in the future. 5．What is the main significance of the experiment mentioned? A．It proves pigs are ideal organ donors. B．It solves the problem of organ rejection completely. C．It shows CRISPR-Cas9 is the only way to edit genes. D．It marks a major advance in cross-species organ transplantation. 6．How did scientists prevent the pig kidney from being attacked? A．By using a kidney from a newborn pig. B．By using stronger immunosuppressive drugs only. C．By raising the pig in a special germ-free environment. D．By removing parts of pig genes and adding some human genes. 7．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Steps. B．Benefits. C．Changes. D．Challenges. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation? A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Highly doubtful. C．Totally indifferent. D．Entirely negative. Passage 3 （2026·云南·二诊） When Anna Chen started her weekly nature walks in a small urban forest park in early 2023, she only sought an escape from her high-pressure office job and endless screen time. What she never expected was a profound and lasting improvement in her well-being: after just two months of regular walks, her stress levels dropped sharply, her sleep quality improved dramatically, and her work focus strengthened significantly. Her experience is backed by a growing body of research showing that even short, regular exposure to natural environments has proven benefits for human mental and physical health. To verify this effect, Dr. Ryan Park, an environmental psychologist from the University of California and his team carried out a 4-week controlled experiment. They divided 220 adult participants into two groups: one spent at least 20 minutes daily in any green space, while the other remained in urban built environments with no nature exposure. All participants took regular cortisol (皮质醇) tests and completed standard health assessments throughout the experiment. “Nature is not a luxury for those with free time, but a basic necessity for our brain and physical health,” says Dr. Park. “Our controlled study found that the nature exposure group had 32% lower levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, than the control group.” Dr. Park’s team also found that students taking a 15-minute pre-exam nature walk scored 18% higher on average, while office workers with window views of trees reported 25% fewer annual sick days. “You don’t need to hike in faraway national parks to get these benefits,” he notes. “Even a community garden, tree-lined street or short local park walk works. Connecting with nature is a simple, accessible way to care for our well-being.” 9．What can we infer about Anna Chen’s initial nature walks? A．They were strongly supported by her office manager. B．They were designed to improve her work performance. C．They brought her surprising mental health advantages. D．They completely changed her attitude towards the outdoors. 10．What is the key difference between the two groups in the experiment? A．Their daily access to natural green spaces. B．Their age and physical health condition. C．The time they spent on outdoor activities. D．The frequency of their cortisol level tests. 11．What does Dr. Park imply in the last paragraph? A．Urban people have no access to natural spaces. B．Community gardens are better than city parks. C．Most people have broken their bond with nature. D．Even tiny natural spaces can bring health benefits. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Power of Short Nature Exposure for Health B．The Rise of Outdoor Activities in Urban Areas C．The Harm of Busy Office Work to Well-being D．The Bond Between Humans and Nature Passage 4 （2026·四川眉山·二模） Encouraged by an engaging careers talk from a cybersecurity expert last spring, I decided to try being a codebreaker (密码破译者) myself and get my Year 8 class to join in. Initially, I downloaded some online resources that helped strengthen the pupils’ understanding of factors and multiples. They enjoyed the activities, but interest faded quickly once the answers were revealed. There was little reason to return to it. This year, I revisited the idea with a history colleague, who suggested setting it in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean, with students imagining they were deciphering (解密) a treasure map. As my class walked through the door, I told them it was the 1st century BC, off the Mediterranean coast. They had to use maths to solve clues at three landmarks — the cliff-top temple, the lagoon-side market, and the headland rock arch — that would point to the treasure. The students were enthralled, and I resisted the urge to call on anyone. We started with the simplest clues, and then moved on to the pigpen cipher, a code that many lower-attaining students enjoy working on. Once the students had mastered these techniques, I asked for their attention again. The Decipherment Desk issued a fresh challenge: a new cipher that required relearning techniques. Were the Year 8 codebreakers ready to take on this new challenge? You bet they were. Hands shot up as I handed out the next set of coded messages. Codebreaking isn’t part of our usual lessons, and perhaps it doesn’t need to be. But we do need the freedom and time to occasionally do something different — engaging and inspiring our students with fun. 13．Why did students quickly lose interest in the initial lesson? A．The puzzles covered restricted topics. B．The lesson required much teamwork. C．The maths involved was unchallenging. D．The activities lacked a meaningful context. 14．What does the underlined word “enthralled” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Confused. B．Fascinated. C．Ignorant. D．Resistant. 15．Which educational strategy is most clearly reflected in paragraph 4? A．Individualized learning. B．Cooperative learning. C．Stage-based instruction. D．Teacher-centered instruction. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Turning Maths Pupils into Codebreakers B．Using Codebreaking to Teach Critical Thinking C．Subject Integration: The Future of Maths Class D．Motivation Enhancement: The Key to Exam Success 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·四川成都·二诊） A computer that relies on fungal (真菌的) networks to store information could one day be an alternative to the current generation of memory devices, according to research published in PLOS One. Scientists have built working memristors (忆阻器) — circuitry elements that “remember” their past electrical activity — from the root-like part of a mushroom called the mycelium. The result is a memristor with performance comparable to that of a silicon-based chip, but it has its own benefits in ways many computer components today do not. “Being able to develop microchips that act like real brain cells means you don’t need a lot of power when the machine isn’t being used,” says lead researcher John LaRocco of Ohio State University. “That can bring a huge potential advantage.” Scientists have thought about using mushrooms as computer parts, mostly because fungal networks work in ways similar to neural systems. They have a similar structure. And they send information using electrical and chemical signals, just like a brain. But the fact that they aren’t actually brains means some engineering is needed to make them do what scientists need them to do. The team grew the mushroom mycelium under controlled conditions. Then they dried the samples in sunlight to ensure long-term stability. Finally, they connected them to a circuit to test their performance. “We would connect electrical wires at different points on the mushrooms,” LaRocco says. “Depending on the voltage (电压) and connectivity, we were seeing different performances.” The researchers achieved a performance of 5,850 Hertz, with an accuracy of 90 percent from their mushroom memristor - that is, it switches signals at a speed of about 5,850 times per second. The researchers also found that as the electrical voltage increased, the mushroom’s performance decreased. They were able to fix it by adding more mushrooms to the circuit. You’re not going to have a mycelial computer any time soon. Still, the findings do suggest that this is a promising path for future research. As the researchers note in their paper, “The future of computing could be fungal.” 1．What can be learned about working memristors built from mycelium? A．They are shaped like real mushrooms. B．They need less power when not working. C．They perform much better than traditional chips. D．They have become a new way to store information. 2．Why do scientists choose mushrooms as computer components? A．They have brain-like working networks. B．They can process information like humans. C．They grow quickly in controlled conditions. D．They can work with electrical signals alone. 3．What do the findings on mushroom memristors show? A．Higher voltage improves accuracy. B．Connectivity has no influence on results. C．They remain stable when voltage changes. D．Network expansion improves their performance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of creating biological computer chips. B．Advantages of mushroom-based memory devices. C．A comparison between fungal and neural networks. D．A breakthrough in developing bio-computing components. Passage 2 （2026·辽宁朝阳联考·二模） Picture this: you are in a position where your phone runs out of battery, but you don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices juiced. The prototype (样品) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts (毫瓦特) of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are made up of silicon, wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy in the fabric’s composition when it is compared to standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype shows how we could do away with charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power innovations are key to transitioning (转变) human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help facilitate the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 5．What makes the new fabric special? A．It can produce electricity from sunlight. B．It can change color in the sun. C．It is much softer than standard clothing. D．It can adjust body temperature. 6．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Progress. B．Distinction. C．Similarity. D．Mismatch. 7．How does the innovation impact our relationship with technology according to Theodore? A．By making electronic devices cheaper and cheaper. B．By increasing our dependence on electronic devices. C．By making us more aware of our energy consumption. D．By reducing the demand for fixed charging equipment. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Solar energy will soon replace fossil fuels. B．Solar power is more useful in space than on Earth. C．Small changes can contribute to a renewable energy future. D．Space exploration is necessary for advancing solar technology. Passage 3 （2026·辽宁朝阳联考·二模） Lately, massive levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been making much of our world too warm. Some engineers look to clear up what’s already there. Arup SenGupta is one of them. SenGupta’s team recently invented a system that works like a water filter (过滤器). But instead of removing pollution from water, it traps CO2 when air flows through the filter, with other gases passing through. A currently available air-filtering technology is described as “direct air capture (DAC)” which can filter CO2, from coal-fired power plants. Twenty-seven DAC plants have been launched worldwide, only capturing a small share of the CO2 in the air. “Direct capture is a way,” Sengupta says, “But the technology is not there yet to be able to address the problem extensively.” He thinks his group’s new tech could in theory help. It’s not just for power plants. “You could go to the Himalayas and trap CO2.” The testing process began by blowing air through the filter. This process transforms the trapped CO2 into a chemical called sodium bicarbonate which is the same stuff as baking soda. When the filter was full, the team “reset” it by pouring ocean water through it. The captured CO2 is released into the ocean as sodium bicarbonate. Then, the filter is “new” again. However, lab tests don’t always guarantee success in the real world. The new approach may not be well acknowledged as it requires large amounts of additional chemicals to work. Trapping one ton of CO2, for example, requires tons of certain corrosive compounds (腐蚀性化合物). Additionally, the reaction generates a byproduct, which could be repurposed for industrial uses, but it requires proper storage to be safe for those applications. Lebling, at World Resources Institute, says the ocean is a potential option for storing carbon safely, in part for its vastness. “Meanwhile,” she adds, “it presents a host of unknowns.” Some have to do with how efficiently the sea can hold carbon. Others relate to possible ecological impacts. “Before these approaches can be safely used,” she says, “scientists need to know how storing carbon in the ocean will affect the environment.” 9．What is the primary function of Arup SenGupta’s invention? A．Monitoring the air quality. B．Cleaning up the air pollutants. C．Storing carbon dioxide underground. D．Removing carbon dioxide from the air. 10．Why do the researchers expose the filter to ocean water? A．To cool down the filter after use. B．To refresh the filter for further use. C．To enhance the chemical reaction process. D．To increase the filter’s CO2 capture efficiency. 11．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5? A．The complexity of doing the lab tests. B．Difficulties in the practical application of the new tech. C．Safety measures required for handling additional chemicals. D．Huge market potential for the byproduct of the reaction. 12．What is Lebling’s attitude to the real application of SenGupta’s filter? A．Prejudiced. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Disappointed. Passage 4 （2026·广西百色·二模） Buried beneath thick Amazon rainforest may be tens of thousands of unknown archaeological (考古的) sites. However, the vast forest stretches across nine countries, making traditional field research very difficult and time-consuming. To address this challenge, archaeologists are increasingly turning to advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Recently, two archaeologists — Sarah Parcak, an Egyptologist, and Chris Fisher, a Mesoamerican archaeologist — worked together with OpenAI to organize a public competition that encouraged tech enthusiasts to analyze satellite images and remote sensing data in search of potential archaeological sites. The winning team identified 67 different areas across the Amazon that could contain historically valuable remains. Using deep learning models trained on public data, including satellite imagery, the team taught an AI system to recognize patterns associated with known archaeological sites. The system then compared those patterns with unexplored regions and highlighted promising locations, mainly in Brazil, for future investigation. Many of the identified areas appeared to be distributed along bodies of water. This result actually makes sense, as ancient civilizations tended to flourish (兴旺) near accessible water sources. By processing vast amounts of geographic data within a short period of time, newer AI models could look beyond established targets and turn up entirely new areas for investigation, says Parcak. In addition, many sites around the world are disappearing due to environmental change and human activities. “We have a very limited period of time to document the Earth and everything as it exists now before it fundamentally changes,” says Fisher. Other experts warn that they could invite moral concerns. Parcak and Fisher, however, expect to see more private companies launching similar competitions. “Our field has to ask itself some uncomfortable questions about where they’re willing to go to get support,” even if it means working with tech giants, Parcak says. 13．Why did archaeologists work together with OpenAI? A．To explore ancient sites in Amazon rainforest. B．To involve tech enthusiasts in archaeology. C．To overcome limits of traditional fieldwork. D．To test AI replacing field archaeologists. 14．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How AI was used to identify potential sites. B．What led to the success of the winning team. C．Where archaeological sites are mainly located. D．How the AI model improved research efficiency. 15．What is suggested about the role of AI in archaeology? A．It prevents environmental damage to sites. B．It helps expand and speed up site discovery. C．It ensures all disappearing sites are recorded. D．It reduces the role of traditional field investigation. 16．What is the attitude of Parcak and Fisher towards the use of AI in archaeology? A．Disapproving. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent. Passage 5 （2026·海南四校联盟·二模） A failure to interpret modern slang or memes is raising serious concerns about youngsters’ online safety. Generation Alpha’s internet language is evolving at a pace that teachers, parents, and AI models cannot match, potentially exposing youth to bullying and grooming that trusted adults and AI-based safety systems fail to flag. To investigate this gap, Manisha Mehta, a 14-year-old student, and researcher Fausto Giunchiglia collected 100 expressions popular with Generation Alpha (born 2010-2025) from gaming and social media platforms. The pair asked 24 volunteers aged 11 to 14 to analyze the phrases alongside context-specific screenshots. They had to explain the context and identifying any potential safety concerns. The study also tested parents, professional moderators, and four major AI models, including GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, and Llama3. Mehta noted her fascination with the “unique” and “rapid” way Gen Alpha language evolves. The study results highlighted this complexity: while 98% of Gen Alpha volunteers understood the terms and 92% could detect when they were used to cause harm, AI models recognized harmful use in only around 40% of cases (ranging from 32.5% for Llama3 to 42.3% for Claude). Parents and professional moderators performed even worse, spotting only about a third of harmful uses. The difficulty lies in phrases with double meanings dependent on context. For example, “Let him cook” can be genuine praise or a mocking sneer implying nonsense. “Kys” has evolved from “know yourself” to the abusive “kill yourself.” Similarly, “is it acoustic” is used to mockingly question if someone is autistic (孤独症). Mehta emphasizes that it is critical for Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand this dialogue as they become prevalent (盛行的) in content review. Michael Veale from University College London adds that this work indicates major deficiencies (缺陷) in safety systems. He warns that companies and regulators must pay close attention and react to these gaps to remain subject to global laws aimed at protecting younger people. 17．What is the main problem with Gen Alpha’s slang? A．It is too rude for parents. B．It is banned by schools and games. C．It is too hard for teenagers to understand. D．It changes too fast for AI and adults to spot risks. 18．What did the study find to be TRUE? A．AI models found over 90% of the harmful content. B．Parents were better at finding harmful slang than AI. C．Context screenshots did not help explain the phrases. D．Gen Alpha kids were the best at spotting harmful meanings. 19．Why does the author mention “Let him cook”? A．To show Gen Alpha likes cooking. B．To show slang has lost its meaning. C．To show how meaning changes based on context. D．To give an example of a phrase AI cannot translate. 20．What is the best title for this text? A．Internet language is evolving rapidly. B．Gen AI doesn’t understand Gen Alpha. C．Gen Alpha slang makes safety systems fail. D．Kids should be protected in a digital world. Passage 6 （2026·海南海口·二模） Doctors at a hospital in New York have begun a program that will test whether specially designed pig kidneys (肾) can be used to replace human kidneys. Typically, the organs used for transplantation (移植) are donated by people who passed away but wished to help prolong others’ lives through organ donation. However, the number of patients suffering from kidney disease far exceeds the supply of available kidneys. Right now, just in the United States, roughly 100,000 people are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. Lately, researchers have turned their attention to pig-to-human transplants. Pigs’ bodies share striking similarities with humans’ in many aspects. Besides, there are many other advantages — including ease of breeding and a rapid growth rate. The human immune (免疫) system rejects non-self tissues, which is the core barrier to cross-species organ transplantation. To deal with it, scientists have experimented with “gene editing” to change pigs’ DNA．They’ve made several changes to it, and even added some things from human DNA．Some kidneys come from pigs with as many as 69 changes to their DNA． Early pig kidney transplants succeeded but only briefly. In 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months. Tim Andrews, 67, from New Hampshire, set a new record in October, 2025 by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months. He is still waiting for a human transplant, but his long success has encouraged many. Now, a company called United Therapeutics has begun a government-approved pig kidney transplant trial. It started with six patients, but could eventually involve 50. The trial’s first transplant was announced in early November 2025, with the successful surgery at NYU Langone Health. Many people have doubts about the trial, thinking it is of little practical use and that its costs are high. However, personally, the pig kidney transplant trial could help scientists answer many questions. It’ll provide new information about the safety — as well as the challenges. It’ll also teach them which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them find ways to help patients live longer with pig transplants. 21．Why is the statistic mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To show the organ donation source. B．To compare transplant success rates. C．To highlight the new trial’s necessity. D．To criticize Americans’ poor health care. 22．Why do researchers conduct gene editing on pig kidneys? A．To make them more fit for use in people. B．To keep them from viruses. C．To copy the features of human kidneys. D．To improve human immunity. 23．What does paragraph 4 try to explain about pig kidney transplants? A．The new trial assumptions. B．The initial achievements. C．The recent patients’ con$