内容正文:
Unit 8 More than a Game.Section B知识清单
Part1核心单词
1 dramatic /drə'mætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的;出乎意料的
常用短语:(1)a dramatic change巨大的变化
(2)a dramatic effect 显著的效果、戏剧性效果
相关词形:drama n. 戏剧;戏剧性事件
dramatically adv. 激动人心地;出乎意料地
例:The actor's dramatic performance made the audience cheer loudly. 那位演员的激动人心的表演让观众大声欢呼。
That was the most dramatic moment in the sports meeting—our team won the game at the last second.那是运动会上最出乎意料的时刻 —— 我们队在最后一秒赢得了比赛。
2 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的;天才的
talented(adj. 有才能的;天才的)→talent (n. 才能;才艺)
常用短语:(1) be talented in(+ 领域 / 学科) 在……(领域或学科)有天赋 / 才能
(2)be talented at + 具体技能 擅长……
(3) talented + 名词(如 student/artist/player)有才能的……
(4)be talented at doing sth 擅长做某事
辨析:talented, gifted 与genius
talented(adj.)① 强调“已展现的优秀能力”,(先天禀赋、后天练习均可包含)如:a talented actor 有天赋的演员 talented at design 擅长设计②程度优秀(比普通水平突出)
gifted(adj.)① 强调“天生具备的潜在能力”,(以先天禀赋为主,后天训练为辅)如:a gifted child天才儿童 gifted in music 有音乐天赋②程度较优秀(人群中少数有天赋者)
genius(n.)① 强调“顶尖、突破性的天赋 / 人才”,(以先天超常规禀赋为核心)如:a math genius数学天才②程度顶尖(行业内极少数,有深远影响)
例:Lisa is more talented at hand-sewing than her best friend—she can make tiny cloth dolls. 莉萨比她最好的朋友更擅长手工缝纫—她能做迷你布娃娃。
Jack is talented in environmental science. He often teaches us how to sort waste correctly. 杰克在环境科学领域有才能。他经常教我们如何正确地给垃圾分类。
3 deeply /'diːpli/ adv. 非常;极其
常用短语:(1)deeply understand 深刻理解
(2)deeply regret 深感后悔
(3)deeply moved/touched 深受感动
相关词:deep adj. & a dv. 深的;深深地
注意:具体空间用 deep,抽象情感/ 程度用 deeply。
例:After listening to the story of the volunteer teacher, all students were deeply touched. 听完支教老师的故事后,所有学生都被深深感动了。
Among all the stories, the one about environmental protection touched me most deeply.在所有故事里,关于环保的那个最让我深受触动。
4 master /'mɑːstə(r)/ n. 能手;大师;主人 v. 掌握;精通
master 既可作名词也可作动词
常用短语:(1)master a skill 掌握一项技能
(2)a master of... ……方面的大师
派生词:mastery n. 精通;熟练掌握
例:He is a master of painting. 他是一位绘画方面的大师。
The dog is loyal to its master. 这只狗对它的主人很忠诚。
It takes time to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语需要时间。
5 satisfy /'sætɪsfaɪ/ v. 使(某人)满意
satisfy及其相关词形:satisfy v. 使(某人)满意→satisfying adj. 令人满意的→satisfied adj. 感到满意的→satisfaction n. 满意
常用短语:(1)satisfy one's needs / d emands / curiosity
满足某人的需求 / 要求 / 好奇心;
(2) be satisfied with + 名词 / 代词 对…… 感到满意(形容人的感受)
(3)to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 / 使某人满意
例:The new library satisfies students' needs for quiet reading space. 新图书馆满足了学生对安静阅读空间的需求。
This affordable smartphone can satisfy most people's daily communication needs. 这款价格实惠的智能手机能满足大多数人日常的通讯需求。
I am satisfied with my progress in English this term.我对这学期自己在英语上的进步感到满意。
6 drown /draʊn/ v. (使)淹死;(使)溺毙
drown v. (使)淹死;(使)溺毙→drowned;adj. 淹死的;溺亡的→drowning adj. 行将淹死的
常用短语:(1)drown sth in sth 淹没在……中
(2)drown out + 名词:(声音)盖过、压过(另一种声音)
例:She accidentally drowned her plant with too much water last week. 上周她不小心给植物浇了太多水,把它淹死了。
Too much milk can drown the taste of the coffee.太多牛奶会盖过咖啡的味道。
The girl found a drowned kitten near the community pond.这个女孩在小区池塘附近发现了一只溺亡的小猫。
A kind fisherman saved the drowning bird that was struggling in the river.一位善良的渔民在河里救起了那只溺水的小鸟。
The fruit was drowned in cream. 水果在奶油里泡过。
She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door. 她开大了收音机的音量以压过隔壁房间的吵闹声。
7 crowd /kraʊd/ n. 人群;观众
crowd 作名词时,表示“人群;群众”,指聚集在一起的许多人,为可数名词,可作主语、宾语;
作名词时的常用搭配:a crowd of + 可数名词复数表示“一群……”;crowds of + 可数名词复数表示“许多……”;in the crowd 在人群中。
相关词:crowd v. 聚集→crowded adj. 拥挤的
作动词和形容词的常用短语:crowd into 涌入…… be crowded with 挤满了……
例:A crowd of children is chasing a butterfly in the garden. 一群孩子正在花园里追一只蝴蝶。
The comedian's funny jokes made the crowd laugh from time to time. 这位喜剧演员的有趣的笑话让观众时不时发笑。
Crowds of tourists come to visit this ancient town every holiday.每个假期都有许多游客来参观这座古镇。
The crowded bus was so full that no one could get on at the next stop.这辆拥挤的公共汽车太满了,下一站没人能上去。
The shopping mall is always crowded with people on weekends. 周末的购物中心总是挤满了人。
As soon as the door opened, students crowded into the library to borrow new books.门一打开,学生们就涌入图书馆借新书。
Part2 核心短语
1 in wonder 惊奇地
短语结构为“in + 表示抽象的不可数名词(如情绪 / 感情 / 感觉)”,名词前不加不定冠词(a/an);在句中作方式状语,修饰句中的谓语。
类似短语还有:in surprise 惊讶地、吃惊地 in fear 害怕地、恐惧地
in joy 高兴地、快乐地 in sorrow 悲伤地、难过地
in anger 生气地、愤怒地 in excitement 兴奋地、激动地
大多数此类短语等同于副词,如:in anger=angrily; inexcitement=excitedly; in sorrow=sorrowfully
例:The children stared in wonder as the magician made the rabbit disappear from the hat. 当魔术师让兔子从帽子里消失时,孩子们惊奇地盯着看。
After the rain stopped, we all looked up in wonder at the bright rainbow across the sky.雨停后,我们都惊奇地抬头望着天空中绚烂的彩虹。
She opened the birthday box in wonder—she never thought her parents would buy her a new watch. 她惊奇地打开生日盒子 —— 从没想过父母会给她买新手表。
2 set a record 创造纪录
set a record 创造纪录
类似短语还有:break a record 打破(一项)纪录 hold a record 保持(一项)纪录
keep a record 记录
record 也可作动词,①接名词作宾语,表示“录制;录(音);录(像)”或“记录数据或信息”,常见搭配:record a video 录视频;record data 记录数据;record a speech 录制演讲;②可接 that 引导的宾语从句,表示“记录某情况 / 事实”,从句需用陈述语序。
例:She set a record in the school 800-meter race last month.上个月她在学校 800 米赛跑中创造了一项纪录。
Last month, my classmate Lily set a record by reciting 50 English words in one minute. 上个月,我的同学莉莉创下了一分钟内背诵 50 个英语单词的纪录。
The young swimmer broke the record of 1 minute in the 100-meter butterfly stroke.这位年轻的游泳选手打破了100 米蝶泳 1 分钟的纪录。
This country has held the record for the largest solar power station for 3 years.这个国家保持最大太阳能发电站的纪录已有 3 年。
3 would like to do sth 想要做某事
例:I’d like to talk about my favourite sports event.
4 a huge number of大量的,许多的
例:A huge number of volunteers helped out at the Olympics!
Part3 核心句式
1 I watched in wonder as Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. 我惊奇地看着尤塞恩·博尔特面带微笑冲过 100 米终点线,创造了一项新的世界纪录。
(1)本句为复合句,主句是I watched in wonder, I 为句子主语,watched 为谓语,介词短语in wonder 为watched 的方式状语,as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语setting a new world record 为结果状语。
(2)本句的结构是“主句 + a s 引导的时间状语从句 + 现在分词短语作结果状语”。现在分词短语作状语的前提是“逻辑主语与主句主语一致”, 即分词动作由主句主语发出,可表结果、方式、原因、伴随等, 位置灵活(句首、句中、句末),常与主句用逗号分隔。
·表主动/进行:现在分词表“主动”(主语发出动作)且“动作正在进行”(与主句动作同时);
·位置灵活:除结果状语多在句末,其他状语可根据强调重点调整位置(句首强调,句末自然)。
例:The heavy rain poured all night, making the playground muddy in the morning. 大雨下了一整夜,导致早上操场变得泥泞。
She greeted her classmates, waving her hand gently. 她轻轻挥着手,和同学们打招呼。
Being late for the first class, he apologized to the teacher politely. 因为第一节课迟到了,他礼貌地向老师道歉。
2 The purpose of the Olympics is to build relationships between people, to celebrate the Olympic spirit, and to bring people together for peace and harmony. 奥运会的目的是建立人与人之间的联系,弘扬奥林匹克精神,并为了和平与和谐将人们凝聚在一起。
(1)分析结构 该句为简单句,是“主—系—表”结构。其中主语为The purpose, of the Olympics 为定语,系动词为is,表语为由并列连词and 连接的三个动词不定式短语to build relationships, to celebrate the Olympic spirit 和to bring people together,介词短语for peace and harmony 为目的状语。
(2)本句的句式是“The purpose of + 名词 + is + 三个并列的不定式短语”,三个不定式都作表语,用于清晰、有条理地说明某事物的多个目的。动词不定式短语的核心结构是 “to + 动词原形”(否定式为 “not to + 动词原形”),可在句中作表语、主语、宾语等成分,表示“目的、计划、意愿、性质” 等含义。
动词不定式短语作主语、表语、宾语的共同特点:
·结构统一,且无人称 / 数的变化;
·都表示“未完成的动作、目的或意愿”;
作主语时常用 it 作形式主语;作宾语时常跟在want/hope/ decide 等动词之后。
【辨析】动词不定式短语与动名词短语都可作主语、表语、宾 语,区别如下:
(1) 动词 -ing(动名词)表示习惯性、抽象性、已完成 / 经常性动作,常搭配enjoy/finish/practice 等动词;
(2) 动词不定式(to do),表示一次性、具体性、未完成 / 目的性动作,常搭配want/hope/decide 等动词。
例:My biggest dream is to become a math teacher in the future. 我最大的梦想是未来成为一名数学老师。
The main purpose of this activity is to help students learn team spirit. 这个活动的主要目的是帮助学生学习团队精神。
To read English stories every morning helps improve our vocabulary. 每天早上读英语故事有助于提升我们的词汇量。
It is important to wash hands before meals to keep healthy. 饭前洗手对于保持健康非常重要。
3 Though Eric Moussambani is not an Olympic medal winner, he is still my favourite athlete.
句子分析:本句包含Though引导的让步状语从句;主句:he(主语)is(系动词)still my favourite athlete(表语)。
4 The purpose of the Olympics is to build relationships between people, to celebrate the Olympic spirit, and to bring people together for peace and harmony.
长难句分析:这个长句子其实是一个主系表结构的简单句。主语(The purpose of the Olympics) + 系动词(is)+ 表语(三个并列的不定式短语),清晰说明了奥运会的目的。
5 They worked with pride to make sure that people from around the world had a pleasant stay.
from around the world介词短语作后置定语,修饰people,表示“从世界各地来的人们”。
6 Hosting two Olympics brought challenges but also opportunities to Beijing.
Hosting two Olympics动名词短语作主语:单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语用单数; 多个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语一般用复数,若多个动名词合在一起表示一个整体概念时,谓语用单数。
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