Unit 7 课时2 Section A pronunciation-2e（分层作业)英语新教材鲁教版五四学制七年级下册

Unit 7 For Fun For Health For Spirit 课时2 Section A pronunciation-2e 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 snowball /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/n. 雪球 pajamas /pəˈdʒɑːməz/n.（一套）睡衣裤 pillow /ˈpɪləʊ/n. 枕头 pity /ˈpɪti/n. 可惜的事；遗憾的事；同情 traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/adj. 传统的 whether /ˈweðə(r)/conj. 是否 句型 I made myself a snowball / As perfect as could be. 我给自己做了个雪球，尽可能完美。 I thought I’d keep it as a pet / And let it sleep with me. 我想把它当宠物养，让它和我一起睡。 Then last night it ran away, / But first—it wet the bed. 可昨晚它跑掉了，不过先 —— 尿了床。 How do you like our football class? 你觉得我们的足球课怎么样？ I’m so upset that we don’t have ping-pong class this term. 我好难过，这学期没有乒乓球课。 Kung fu is one of the most famous examples of traditional Chinese culture. 功夫是中国传统文化最著名的代表之一。 一、单词 1. ________ 雪球 2. pajamas ________ 3. ________ 枕头 4. ________可惜的事；遗憾的事；同情 5. ________传统的 6. ________. 是否 二、词组默写 1. _______________________跑掉了 2. _______________________尿床了 3. _______________________真遗憾！ 4. _______________________ 放弃它 三、按音标将单词归类 dear　wear　healthy　these　bear　keep　be　head near　feet　get　hear　weather　year　pear 1．/iː/ . 2．/e/ . 3．/ɪə/ . 4．/eə/ . 四. 写出划线字母在本单词中的音标。 1． . A．delete    B．we   2． . A．leg    B．cell 3． . A．head    B．bread 4． . A．flea    B．meat 5． . A．near    B．clear 6． . A．wear    B．bear 五、单词拼写 1．My favourite way of ___________ is to use an exercise app. (保持健康) 2．How many times can you ___________ in one minute? (跳绳) 3．They play _________ (羽毛球) every weekend at the park. 4．Parents should encourage their children ________ (do) sports in the free time. 5．Our team doesn’t want to l________ (输掉) the game because three key players were absent. 6．I run five kilometres every day to keep ________ (health). 7．I go ________ (swim) two or three times a week. 8．Alan’s _________ (goal) is to be a doctor when he grows up. 9．You will not ________ (成功) if you don’t work hard. 10．There ________ (be) sixty ________ (minute) in an hour. 六、选词填空 根据本单元对话和课文内容，从方框里选择单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空一词。 exercise  build  a  swim  two  health  fun  of  because  feel There are many kinds of ways 1 taking exercise. My friends and I enjoy different sports. Anna likes to use 2 exercise app to do some body exercises once a day, 3 it can show her progress. Peter’s favourite way to keep 4 is to play baseball with his brother 5 a week. He thinks that baseball helps 6 team spirit. As for me, I like swimming best. It’s 7 to swim and play with my friends in the water. I like it because the cool water 8 great when it’s hot. I go swimming two or three times a week. 9 is good for me because it keeps me fit and it’s good 10 for my body. I think everyone should try it. 七、完形填空 从题中所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays many people 1 too much time indoors working or studying,but outdoor activities are very 2 for us to keep healthy. I like many outdoor activities,especially (特别是) jogging.      I often jog in the 3 near my home on sunny days. I can listen to music and breathe fresh air. I feel really 4 . When I jog in the park, I can also see the green trees and beautiful flowers. I feel close to 5 . It’s also a good time for me to 6 important things in life. I think it’s an important part of my daily life. Sometimes, I would ask my friends or parents to join me and this is a good time to 7 with them. It’s also a(n) 8 activity. You only need a pair of running shoes. It’s suitable (适合) for many people, from children 9 old people. I think everybody should do some outdoor activities because it’s a great way to help us get close to nature. It’s good for our bodies and our 10 . 1．A．take B．give C．jump D．spend 2．A．important B．hard C．bad D．smart 3．A．river B．park C．factory D．school 4．A．tired B．relaxed C．worried D．hungry 5．A．park B．nature C．home D．hill 6．A．think about B．pick up C．worry about D．wait for 7．A．save B．talk C．laugh D．live 8．A．cheap B．easy C．quiet D．hard 9．A．on B．to C．in D．between 10．A．legs B．minds C．runners D．friends 八、阅读理解 Exercise is important and necessary in our life. Last month, we asked 2,000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits. The diagrams below show the results. It’s clear to see that the fewest people don’t think exercise is important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. And remember, “Old habits die hard.” So start exercising before it’s too late! 1．According to Diagram I, _______ of the people think exercise is very important. A．40% B．50% C．8% D．2% 2．According to Diagram II, _______ people in the survey exercise 3 to 5 times a week. A．300 B．500 C．560 D．240 3．According to Diagram III, _______ is the most popular with people in the survey. A．walking B．swimming C．running D．dancing 九、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空或回答问题 (1—4题每空不得超过3个单词，5题为回答问题) 。 Do you often exercise? It is important to us. Here are some ways about how to exercise well. Warm up. It is important to warm up before you exercise. You need to stretch (伸展) your legs, arms, back and neck before you do any difficult activity like running. Find good places to exercise. You do not need to spend a lot of money on exercise. You can run or play sport in a park or in your school gym. They are good places for students to exercise. You don’t need to buy equipment (器材). Just get your body moving! Keep regular exercise. Choose a sport you have interest in and then your exercise will be fun. If you want to stay healthy, you’d better exercise at least 3 times every week. Drink lots of water. It is important to drink water when you exercise. Your body needs water for keeping cool. Be careful! If you get hurt (受伤), take a good rest until (直到) you feel better. Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health. 1．Before exercising, you should stretch your back, neck, . 2．For students, the park and the are good places to exercise according to the passage. 3．We need to drink water when we exercise because it can make our bodies . 4．There are ways about how to exercise well in the passage. 5．Do you think exercise is important? Why or why not? . 2 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 For Fun For Health For Spirit 课时2 Section A pronunciation-2e 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 snowball /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/n. 雪球 pajamas /pəˈdʒɑːməz/n.（一套）睡衣裤 pillow /ˈpɪləʊ/n. 枕头 pity /ˈpɪti/n. 可惜的事；遗憾的事；同情 traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/adj. 传统的 whether /ˈweðə(r)/conj. 是否 句型 I made myself a snowball / As perfect as could be. 我给自己做了个雪球，尽可能完美。 I thought I’d keep it as a pet / And let it sleep with me. 我想把它当宠物养，让它和我一起睡。 Then last night it ran away, / But first—it wet the bed. 可昨晚它跑掉了，不过先 —— 尿了床。 How do you like our football class? 你觉得我们的足球课怎么样？ I’m so upset that we don’t have ping-pong class this term. 我好难过，这学期没有乒乓球课。 Kung fu is one of the most famous examples of traditional Chinese culture. 功夫是中国传统文化最著名的代表之一。 一、单词 1. ________ 雪球 2. pajamas ________ 3. ________ 枕头 4. ________可惜的事；遗憾的事；同情 5. ________传统的 6. ________. 是否 snowball 雪球 pajamas （一套）睡衣裤 pillow 枕头 pity 可惜的事；遗憾的事；同情 traditional 传统的 whether 是否 二、词组默写 1. _______________________跑掉了 2. _______________________尿床了 3. _______________________真遗憾！ 4. _______________________ 放弃它 run away 跑掉了 wet the bed 尿床了 What a pity! 真遗憾！ drop it 放弃它 三.按音标将单词归类 dear　wear　healthy　these　bear　keep　be　head near　feet　get　hear　weather　year　pear 1．/iː/ . 2．/e/ .. 3．/ɪə/ . 4．/eə/ . 【答案】1．these, keep, be, feet 2．healthy, head, get, weather 3．dear, near, hear, year 4．wear, bear, pear 【解析】1．these的发音为/ðiːz/；keep的发音为/kiːp/；be的发音为/biː/；feet的发音为/fiːt/。以上单词划线部分的发音都为/iː/，可分为一类。故填these, keep, be, feet。 2．healthy的发音为/ˈhelθi/；head的发音为/hed/；get的发音为/ɡet/；weather的发音为/ˈweðə/。以上单词划线部分的发音都为/e/，可分为一类。故填healthy, head, get, weather。 3．dear的发音为/dɪə/；near的发音为/nɪə/；hear的发音为/hɪə/；year的发音为/jɪə/。以上单词划线部分的发音都为/ɪə/，可分为一类。故填dear, near, hear, year。 4．wear的发音为/weə/；bear的发音为/beə/；pear的发音为/peə/。以上单词划线部分的发音都为/eə/，可分为一类。故填wear, bear, pear。 四. 写出划线字母在本单词中的音标。 1． . A．delete    B．we   2． . A．leg    B．cell 3． . A．head    B．bread 4． . A．flea    B．meat 5． . A．near    B．clear 6． . A．wear    B．bear 【答案】1．/iː/ 2．/e/ 3．/e/ 4．/iː/ 5．/ɪə(r)/ 6．/eə(r)/ 【解析】1．delete/dɪˈliːt/； we/wiː/。根据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/iː/。故填/iː/。 2．leg/leɡ/；cell/sel/。根据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/e/。故填/e/。 3．head/hed/；bread/bred/。据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/e/。故填/e/。 4．flea/fliː/；meat/miːt/。根据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/iː/。故填/iː/。 5．near/nɪə(r)/；clear/klɪə(r)/。根据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/ɪə(r)/。故填/ɪə(r)/。 6．wear/weə(r)/；bear/beə(r)/。根据音标可知，两个单词的划线部分发音为/eə(r)/。故填/eə(r)/。 五、单词拼写 1．My favourite way of ___________ is to use an exercise app. (保持健康) 【答案】keeping fit 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的保持健康的方式是使用健身软件。根据汉语提示可知，keep fit“保持健康”，置于介词of之后，用动名词。故填keeping fit。 2．How many times can you ___________ in one minute? (跳绳) 【答案】jump rope 【详解】句意：你一分钟跳绳能跳多少下？根据“How many times can you…in one minute?”可知，此处应填动词原形或动词短语原形，“跳绳”对应的英语为jump rope，动词短语。故填jump rope。 3．They play _________ (羽毛球) every weekend at the park. 【答案】badminton 【详解】句意：他们每个周末都在公园里打羽毛球。“羽毛球”对应的英文单词是“badminton”，“play badminton”是固定短语，表示“打羽毛球”，故填badminton。 4．Parents should encourage their children ________ (do) sports in the free time. 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：父母应该鼓励孩子在空闲时间做运动。do意为“做”，动词。根据“encourage their children ... sports”可知，encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式，do的动词不定式为to do。故填to do。 5．Our team doesn’t want to l________ (输掉) the game because three key players were absent. 【答案】lose/ose 【详解】句意：我们队不想输掉这场比赛，因为三名关键球员缺席了。根据首字母提示和“the game”可知，此处表示“输掉比赛”，动词lose“输掉”符合语境；“want to”后接动词原形。故填lose。 6．I run five kilometres every day to keep ________ (health). 【答案】healthy 【详解】句意：我每天跑五公里来保持健康。health意为“健康”，是名词；根据固定搭配“keep + 形容词”（保持某种状态）可知，此处需用形容词形式；health对应的形容词是healthy“健康的”。故填healthy。 7．I go ________ (swim) two or three times a week. 【答案】swimming 【详解】句意：我每周去游泳两三次。swim“游泳”，go swimming“去游泳”是固定搭配，因此用动名词形式。故填swimming。 8．Alan’s _________ (goal) is to be a doctor when he grows up. 【答案】goal 【详解】句意：艾伦长大后的目标是成为一名医生。goal意为“目标”，这里根据语境表示艾伦的一个目标，用名词单数形式即可。故填goal。   9．You will not ________ (成功) if you don’t work hard. 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：如果你不努力工作，你就不会成功。 根据“You will not...”可知句子是一般将来时态，后面用动词原形，“成功”的动词原形是“succeed”。故填succeed。 10．There ________ (be) sixty ________ (minute) in an hour. 【答案】 are minutes 【详解】句意：一小时有60分钟。sixty后用可数名词minute“分钟”的复数形式minutes；句子为there be句型，遵循“就近原则”，时态为一般现在时，后面名词为复数，be动词用are。故填are；minutes。 六、选词填空 根据本单元对话和课文内容，从方框里选择单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空一词。 exercise  build  a  swim  two  health  fun  of  because  feel There are many kinds of ways 1 taking exercise. My friends and I enjoy different sports. Anna likes to use 2 exercise app to do some body exercises once a day, 3 it can show her progress. Peter’s favourite way to keep 4 is to play baseball with his brother 5 a week. He thinks that baseball helps 6 team spirit. As for me, I like swimming best. It’s 7 to swim and play with my friends in the water. I like it because the cool water 8 great when it’s hot. I go swimming two or three times a week. 9 is good for me because it keeps me fit and it’s good 10 for my body. I think everyone should try it. 【答案】 1．of 2．an 3．because 4．healthy 5．twice 6．build 7．fun 8．feels 9．Swimming 10．exercise 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者及其朋友锻炼的多种方式。 1．句意：锻炼的方式有很多种。根据“ways ... taking exercise”和备选词可知，此处表示锻炼的方式，way of ...“…的方法”，是固定搭配。故填of。 2．句意：安娜喜欢每天用一种健身app做一些形体锻炼。根据“… exercise app”和备选词可知，此处表示“一种健身app”，exercise为元音发音的名词，所以用不定冠词an表示“一种”。故填an。 3．句意：安娜喜欢每天用一种健身app做一些形体锻炼，因为它能展示她的进步。根据“Anna likes to use ...”和“... it can show her progress”及备选词可知，安娜用健身app是因为可以记录她的进步，两个句子之间为因果关系，because意为“因为”，能够引导原因状语从句。故填because。 4．句意：彼得最喜欢的保持健康的方式是每周和他的兄弟打两次棒球。根据“Peter’s favourite way to keep ...”和备选词可知，此处表示保持健康的方式，备选词health意为“健康，是名词；keep healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。 5．句意：彼得最喜欢的保持健康的方式是每周和他的兄弟打两次棒球。根据“... play baseball with his brother ... a week”和备选词可知，此处表示“一周打两次棒球”，备选词two意为“二”，是数词；twice a week意为“一周两次”。故填twice。 6．句意：他认为棒球有助于培养团队精神。根据“help ... team spirit”和备选词可知，此处表示“培养团队精神”，build意为“发展”，是动词；help do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”，是固定搭配。故填build。 7．句意：在水里和朋友们一起游泳玩耍很有趣。根据“It’s ... to swim and play with my friends in the water.”和备选词可知，此处表示在水里玩耍游泳很有趣，fun意为“有趣的”，符合语境。故填fun。 8．句意：我喜欢它，因为天气热的时候，清凉的水感觉棒极了。根据“I like it because the cool water ... great when it’s hot.”和备选词可知，此处表示“感觉棒极了”，feel意为“感觉”，是系动词；主语cool water是不可数名词，所以空处应填入动词单数feels。故填feels。 9．句意：游泳对我有益，因为它让我保持健康。根据上文“I go swimming two or three times a week. ... is good for me because it keeps me fit..”和备选词可知，此处指游泳是有益的；由“is”可知，空处缺少主语，所以应填入动名词形式swimming，放句首，首字母大写。故填Swimming。 10．句意：并且对我的身体而言，它是一种很好的锻炼。根据“it’s good ... for my body”和备选词可知，此处表示游泳是一种锻炼方式，exercise意为“锻炼”，是不可数名词。故填exercise。 七、完形填空 从题中所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays many people 1 too much time indoors working or studying,but outdoor activities are very 2 for us to keep healthy. I like many outdoor activities,especially (特别是) jogging.      I often jog in the 3 near my home on sunny days. I can listen to music and breathe fresh air. I feel really 4 . When I jog in the park, I can also see the green trees and beautiful flowers. I feel close to 5 . It’s also a good time for me to 6 important things in life. I think it’s an important part of my daily life. Sometimes, I would ask my friends or parents to join me and this is a good time to 7 with them. It’s also a(n) 8 activity. You only need a pair of running shoes. It’s suitable (适合) for many people, from children 9 old people. I think everybody should do some outdoor activities because it’s a great way to help us get close to nature. It’s good for our bodies and our 10 . 1．A．take B．give C．jump D．spend 2．A．important B．hard C．bad D．smart 3．A．river B．park C．factory D．school 4．A．tired B．relaxed C．worried D．hungry 5．A．park B．nature C．home D．hill 6．A．think about B．pick up C．worry about D．wait for 7．A．save B．talk C．laugh D．live 8．A．cheap B．easy C．quiet D．hard 9．A．on B．to C．in D．between 10．A．legs B．minds C．runners D．friends 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文叙述了现在很多人花太多时间在室内工作或学习，而户外活动对保持健康很重要，作者重点介绍了自己喜欢的户外活动——慢跑，以及慢跑的好处和适合的人群。 1．句意：现在很多人花太多时间在室内工作或学习，但是户外活动对我们保持健康非常重要。 take花费，常用it作形式主语；give给予；jump跳；spend花费，主语是人，常用搭配spend time doing sth。根据“Nowadays many people … too much time indoors working or studying”可知，此处主语是人，指“花费时间”，符合spend的用法。故选D。 2．句意：现在很多人花太多时间在室内工作或学习，但是户外活动对我们保持健康非常重要。 important重要的；hard困难的；bad坏的；smart聪明的。根据“to keep healthy”可知，户外活动对保持健康是重要的，符合语境。故选A。 3．句意：晴天我经常在我家附近的公园里慢跑。 river河流；park公园；factory工厂；school学校。根据后文“When I jog in the park, I can also see the green trees and beautiful flowers.”可知，作者是在公园里慢跑。故选B。 4．句意：我可以听音乐、呼吸新鲜空气，感觉真的很放松。 tired疲惫的；relaxed放松的；worried担心的；hungry饥饿的。根据“I can listen to music and breathe fresh air.”可知，听音乐、呼吸新鲜空气会让人感到放松。故选B。 5．句意：我感觉离大自然很近。 park公园；nature大自然；home家；hill小山。根据前文“see the green trees and beautiful flowers”可知，看到绿树和鲜花，会让人感觉离大自然很近。故选B。 6．句意：这也是我思考生活中重要事情的好时机。 think about思考；pick up捡起；worry about担心；wait for等待。根据“important things in life”可知，慢跑时适合思考生活中的重要事情，符合语境。故选A。 7．句意：有时候，我会邀请我的朋友或父母加入我，这是和他们聊天的好时机。 save节省；talk聊天；laugh笑；live居住。根据“ask my friends or parents to join me”可知，和朋友、父母一起慢跑时，适合聊天交流。故选B。 8．句意：它也是一项便宜的活动。 cheap便宜的；easy容易的；quiet安静的；hard困难的。根据“You only need a pair of running shoes.”可知，慢跑只需要一双跑鞋，说明这项活动很便宜。故选A。 9．句意：它适合很多人，从小孩到老人。 on在……上面；to到；in在……里面；between在两者之间。根据“from children … old people”可知，此处是固定搭配from…to…，意为“从……到……”。故选B。 10．句意：它对我们的身体和思想都有好处。 legs腿；minds思想；runners跑步者；friends朋友。根据前文“it’s a great way to help us get close to nature”以及“good for our bodies”可知，户外活动不仅对身体好，也对思想有益，符合语境。故选B。 八、阅读理解 Exercise is important and necessary in our life. Last month, we asked 2,000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits. The diagrams below show the results. It’s clear to see that the fewest people don’t think exercise is important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. And remember, “Old habits die hard.” So start exercising before it’s too late! 1．According to Diagram I, _______ of the people think exercise is very important. A．40% B．50% C．8% D．2% 2．According to Diagram II, _______ people in the survey exercise 3 to 5 times a week. A．300 B．500 C．560 D．240 3．According to Diagram III, _______ is the most popular with people in the survey. A．walking B．swimming C．running D．dancing 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了针对2000名20-24岁人群锻炼习惯的调查结果，通过三张统计图表分别展示了人们对锻炼重要性的认知、锻炼频率和常做运动类型的统计结果。 1．细节理解题。根据“Diagram I”中“very important”对应的占比为40%，即认为锻炼非常重要的人群占比为40%。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“we asked 2,000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits.”可知，我们询问了2000名20至24岁的人关于他们的锻炼习惯。结合“Diagram II”中“3-5 times a week”对应的占比可知，每周锻炼3-5次的人群占比为28%，计算可得：2000×28%=560人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Diagram III”的占比统计，各选项运动的占比分别为：Walking 13%、Swimming 7%、Running 22%、Dancing 23%，Dancing占比最高，因此，跳舞是本次调查中最受人们欢迎的运动。故选D。 九、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空或回答问题 (1—4题每空不得超过3个单词，5题为回答问题) 。 Do you often exercise? It is important to us. Here are some ways about how to exercise well. Warm up. It is important to warm up before you exercise. You need to stretch (伸展) your legs, arms, back and neck before you do any difficult activity like running. Find good places to exercise. You do not need to spend a lot of money on exercise. You can run or play sport in a park or in your school gym. They are good places for students to exercise. You don’t need to buy equipment (器材). Just get your body moving! Keep regular exercise. Choose a sport you have interest in and then your exercise will be fun. If you want to stay healthy, you’d better exercise at least 3 times every week. Drink lots of water. It is important to drink water when you exercise. Your body needs water for keeping cool. Be careful! If you get hurt (受伤), take a good rest until (直到) you feel better. Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health. 1．Before exercising, you should stretch your back, neck, . 2．For students, the park and the are good places to exercise according to the passage. 3．We need to drink water when we exercise because it can make our bodies . 4．There are ways about how to exercise well in the passage. 5．Do you think exercise is important? Why or why not? . 【答案】1．legs，arms 2．school gym 3．keep cool 4．five/5 5．Yes, I do. Because it can help me stay healthy and strong. /No, I don’t. Because I’m too busy to exercise. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了正确锻炼的五种方法，包括热身、选择合适的锻炼场所、坚持规律锻炼、多喝水、注意安全，说明了锻炼对健康的重要性。 1．首段明确提到“You need to stretch your legs, arms, back and neck before you do any difficult activity like running.”，题干已给出back, neck，因此填 legs, arms。 2．定位到“Find good places to exercise”部分，文中提到“You can run or play sport in a park or in your school gym. They are good places for students to exercise.”，因此对学生来说，公园和学校体育馆是锻炼的好地方。 3．定位到“Drink lots of water” 部分，文中提到“Your body needs water for keeping cool.”，题干中make our bodies后接动词原形，因此填keep cool。 4．文章分别介绍了Warm up、Find good places to exercise、Keep regular exercise、Drink lots of water、Be careful共五种正确锻炼的方法。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，观点需符合常理、言之有理即可。可结合文章中锻炼对健康的益处作答，也可说明不锻炼的原因，示例仅供参考。 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $