定语从句及相关概念（全）讲义-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

定语从句 （1）定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词之后。 （2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 （3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等；关系副词有when，where，why 等。 （4）关系词在定语从句中有三大作用： 1）连接作用：连接主句与从句。 2）成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个成分。 3）替代作用：替代某一名词﹑代词或某一句话。 主语 宾语 定语 指人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指物 which/that which/that whose The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The man (whom/who/that) you met just now is my old friend. I once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual. 一、as引导的定语从句 ① as 引导限制性定语从句 as 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在such/so...as...，the same...as..., as...as... 等结构中，as 不能省略。 Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。(as 在从句中作宾语) We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as 在从句中作主语) He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as 在从句中作表语) ②as 引导非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。 as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达： as we all know 众所周知 as is well known 众所周知 as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as has been said before 如前所述 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样 as can be seen 正如所见 as is often the case 情况常常是这样 As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 二、as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。 ①as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defense.拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。 ②which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。 He changed his mind again，which（= and that） made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。 三、定语从句用that不用which 的情况 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系代词可用which或that，但以下情况只能用that而不能用which 1) 当先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much, any 等不定代词时，如： Do you have anything that must be claimed? 你有东西需要申报吗？ I'll do all that is required of me. 要我干什么我就干什么。 2) 当先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时，如： There are few rules that have no exception. 很少规则没有例外。 3) 当先行词为形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时，如： This is the highest score that I can get. 这是我所能取得的最高分数。 This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 4) 当先行词被序数词修饰时，如： The first thing that needs to be done is moving away soil. 第一件要做的事是移除泥土。 5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the same, the right 等修饰时，如: He is the very man that we need for the vacancy. 他正是我们需要补这个空缺的人。 That's really the only thing that hurts. 只有这件事真的令我伤心。 6) 主句的主语是疑问词who或 which时, 如： Who is the person that we met yesterday? 我们昨天见过的那个人是谁？ 7) 当先行词同时包含人和物时，如： The old man and his dog that we saw yesterday did not appear again. 昨天我们见到的那位老人和他的狗没有再出现 四、关系副词的基本用法 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 where when why （1）when 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如 time，moment，month，day，year 等，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。 We don’t know the exact time when he will return.（He will return at the time.→ at the time 作时间状语） 我们不知道他回来的确切时间。 （2）where 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如school，house，place，village 等，where 在定语从句中作地点状语。 She worked in Japan for a few years where she taught English.（She taught English in Japan. → in Japan 作地点状语） 她在日本工作了几年，在那里她教英语。 （3）why引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是reason, why在定语从句中作原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 总结 （1）当先行词是表示地点的名词，如 place，room，airport 等，同时关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句需用关系副词where 引导。 （2）如果先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，如 case，situation，condition，atmosphere，point 等，其后的关系副词也用where。 The boss of the corporation is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。 （3）why 修饰表示原因的词，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday. 告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。 五、“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化 (1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。 Beijing is the place where I was born. =Beijing is the place in which I was born. (2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. =I still remember the day on which I first came to the school. (3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。 Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school? ＝Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school? 要掌握“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下两点： （1）关系代词的选用 在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whom 和whose。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom；whose 适用于两者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose 在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。 The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired. 我供职十年的那家公司的老板退休了。 （2）介词的选用 ①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。 This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.（spend与 on 搭配） This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay 与 for 搭配） 这就是我花10 元买的那本书。 ②根据先行词的搭配习惯。 I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。（on 与the day 搭配） ③表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时用of。 The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors. 那位老妇人有两个儿子，都是医生。 That table has four legs，all of which are very short. 那张桌子有四条腿，都很短。 ④根据定语从句所表达的意义。 Air，without which man can’t live，is really important. 空气太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 注意： 1. 在定语从句中，介词短语如拆开后含义发生变化，则不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) 2. 表示所属关系时，可以用“of+which”结构来替换whose。 The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. =The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. 六、非限制性定语从句的用法 一、非限制性定语从句的含义: 非限制性定语从句是与主句的关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明的作用的定语从句，常常单独翻译，没有它，主句意思仍然完整。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。 I heard a terrible noise, which made me annoyed. 二、非限制性定语从句的注意事项: (1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中，用which指代物 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. (2)非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子，此时，定语从句常用which引导 He came late again, which made his teacher very angry. (3)非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 第 1 页 共 4 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $