Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Learning About Language 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.On the 　　　　　　(base) of these theories he worked out his picture of the state of the future.  2.I completed three problems according to my 　　　　　　(calculate).  3.Tom was fired by the company,but it wasn’t long before he 　　　　　　(find) a new job. 4.It advises 　　　　　　(salesman) to talk round reluctant customers over a cup of tea.  5.　　　　　　　　 gets home first starts cooking supper.  Ⅱ.选词填空 distinguish...between...　get caught up amounts of　on a...basis　be aware of 1.We’re going to be meeting there 　　　　　　　　regular 　　　　　　.  2.At what age are children able to 　　　　　　　　right and wrong?  3.Modern computers can organize large 　　　　　　　　　information very quickly.  4.People around the world should 　　　　　　　　　　　　the real situation of water shortages.  5.The alien 　　　　　　　　　　　　in a picture book,so he didn’t notice my coming into the room.  Ⅲ.句型转换 1.People believe that if a book is interesting,it will surely interest the readers. →It 　　　　　　　　　　that if a book is interesting,it will surely interest the readers.  2.The policeman tells the children not to play in the street. →The children 　　　　　　　　　　　not to play in the street.  3.Do they plant trees in and around our city every year? →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in and around our city every year?  4.A painful accident inspired Kaley Cuoco to make beautiful music for homeless animals. →Kaley Cuoco 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　beautiful music for homeless animals. 5.The volunteers have planted thousands of trees in the mountains. →Thousands of trees 　　　　　　　　　　　　by the volunteers in the mountains.  6.Our English teacher caught him cheating in the examination. →　　　　　　　　　　　　 by our English teacher in the examination.  Ⅳ.单句写作 1.我还没有计算旅行的花费。(calculate) I haven’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that we will spend in travelling.  2.约翰认为用不了多久他就会走出困境。(It won’t be long before...) John thinks 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.我们将定期在那里会面。(on a...basis) We’re going to be meeting there 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.不管你是谁,我都不会开门。(no matter who) I’m not opening the door,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.世界各地的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。(be aware of) People 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the real situation of water shortages.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world;what is less often heard is that stories change science,and therefore the future. The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to plot planning in Futures Studies,which shapes our ideas about the future,and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey. In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis,“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginary models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.” Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about artificial intelligence or how Snow Crash,Neal Stephenson’s novel,has impacted what we now call the Metaverse(元宇宙)? Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes(原型) in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly,it determines the way we structure scientific thoughts and intervene(干预) in the future. Alex McDowell,a leading role of The World of ‘Minority Report’:An Introduction,and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can be brought to the table. The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story,and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds. Lastly,the relationship between future narratives and theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world,we are constructing them.And,therefore,prediction is also a social construction.In narration,we intervene in the world.In narrating the world,we construct it.In writing science fiction,we intervene in the science of the future. 1.What is the text mainly about? A.The storyworlds created by science fiction. B.Artifacts and technologies in science fiction. C.Science fiction narratives affecting future studies. D.The relationship between science and future studies. 2.What is the most important role of science fiction? A.It provides us with technologies and tools. B.It allows us to establish a reasonable future. C.It helps us learn the rules of the fictional world. D.It dominates our thinking and affects the future. 3.What do we know about “storyworlds”? A.There are general rules for a single story. B.They have a potential context within a story. C.There are no regulations or guiding systems. D.They are the “universes” where stories happen. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Scholars care little about narratives about the future. B.Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols. C.The science of the future intervenes in today’s science. D.Science fiction narratives can construct the future world. Ⅵ.完形填空 Over 30 years ago a book titled “The Alchemist” was published and it was 　1　 noticed.The author of this book was a man named Paulo Coelho,and he was told by the first bookseller that only one person bought a copy after it was 　2　.As bad as it was to hear about the unpleasant results,Coelho remained 　3　.  Paulo Coelho waited for 　4　 results to appear.Unfortunately,six months passed 　5　 he sold his next copy.After that first year the publisher decided the book was a 　6　 and ended Coelho’s contract.Fortunately,Coelho made up his mind to not 　7　,and so he made efforts to pursue his vision with even more passion by finding another 　8　.  Now,Coelho found a new publisher,but it was no 　9　 task,as he encountered rejection after rejection.But,after many repeated rejections,he finally 　10　 that new publisher,and with it,another opportunity to 　11　 his dream.  　12　,he only sold three thousand books.But as time went by,he would sell ten thousand,and then 100 thousand,and so on and so forth.  Coelho’s 　13　 has yet to run out,as his books sales continue to grow year over year,with now over 150 million and counting copies of “The Alchemist” having been sold.Even more 　14　 is the fact that he sold over 320 million books when including all of his other following works.But,it all started with that 　15　 book!  1.A.greatly B.barely C.briefly D.partly 2.A.adapted B.read C.written D.edited 3.A.confident B.confused C.frustrated D.cautious 4.A.favorable B.final C.direct D.fair 5.A.after B.until C.before D.unless 6.A.shame B.hit C.surprise D.failure 7.A.break away B.give in C.set out D.slow down 8.A.consumer B.partner C.bookseller D.colleague 9.A.easy B.vital C.urgent D.complex 10.A.recognized B.touched C.announced D.landed 11.A.create B.fulfil C.cherish D.abandon 12.A.Initially B.Unluckily C.Actually D.Awkwardly 13.A.money B.wisdom C.time D.luck 14.A.doubtful B.amazing C.engaging D.pleasant 15.A.last B.former C.first D.latest Ⅶ.语法填空 Are insects drawn to light?New research shows it’s confusion,not fatal attraction.Like a moth to flame,many scientists and poets have long assumed that flying insects were 1.　　　　　　(simple) drawn to bright lights.But that’s not exactly what’s going on,a new study 2.　　　　　　　(suggest).Rather than being attracted to light,researchers believe that artificial lights at night may actually disturb flying insects’ inborn navigational systems,causing them 3.　　　　　　　　(fly) in confusion around street lights and other artificial beacons.  “Insects do not fly directly toward a light source,but actually bend their backs toward the light,” said Sam Fabian,4.　　　　　　 Imperial College London scientist and co-author of the study 5.　　　　　　(publish) in the journal Nature Communications.That would make sense if the strongest light source was in the sky.But in the presence of artificial lights,the result is confusion,not attraction.  For the study,researchers attached tiny sensors to moths and dragonflies in a lab to film “motion-capture” video of flight—similar 6.　　　　　　 how filmmakers attach sensors to actors to track their movements.They also used high-resolution 7.(camera) to film insects circling around lights at a field site in Costa Rica.  This allowed 8.　　　　　　(they) to study how dragonflies will circle endlessly around light sources,positioning themselves with their backs 9.(face) the beams.They also documented that some insects will flip upside down and often crash land in the presence of lights that shine straight upward like search lights.  “For millions of years,insects oriented themselves by sensing that the sky is light,the ground is dark until people invented artificial lights,” said Avalon Owens,a Harvard scientist 10.　　　　　　 was not involved in the research.  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.basis　2.calculations　3.found　4.salesmen　5.Whoever Ⅱ.1.on a;basis　2.distinguish between　3.amounts of　4.be aware of　5.got caught up Ⅲ.1.is believed　2.are told by the policeman　3.Are trees planted by them　4.was inspired by a painful accident to make　5.have been planted　6.He was caught cheating Ⅳ.1.calculated the cost　2.it won’t be long before he gets through the trouble　3.on a regular basis　4.no matter who you are　5.around the world should be aware of Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说叙事影响了未来的研究。 1.C　主旨大意题。文章第一段点明科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的关系;第二段讲到利用科幻小说来探索我们的世界塑造了我们对未来的看法;第四段讲到科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来。最后一段谈到在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。再结合四个选项可知,本文主要讲科幻小说叙事影响未来的研究。C项符合文章主旨。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“但最重要的是,它影响了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。”可知,科幻小说最重要的作用是它影响我们的思维并影响未来。故选D项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The richness of ‘storyworlds’—the ‘universes’ within which stories take place”可知,故事世界是指故事发生的“宇宙”。故选D项。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“在叙述中,我们介入了世界。在叙述世界时,我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。”可推知,科幻叙事可以构建未来世界。故选D项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。30多年前,Paulo Coelho出版了一本名为The Alchemist(《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》或《炼金术士》)的书,起初几乎无人购买,但是经过他的不懈努力,最终找到出版商,销量大增。 1.B　根据“only one person bought a copy”可知,起初这本书销量不好,故此处指几乎没有人注意到它。greatly“极大地”;barely“几乎没有”;briefly“简要地,简短地”;partly“部分地”。故选B项。 2.C　根据“only one person bought a copy after...”可知,书应是写完后才出版卖出去一本,故选C项。 3.A　结合“As bad as it was to hear about the unpleasant results”表达的转折语气可知,虽然销量不好,但是Coelho仍然充满信心。confident“有信心的”;confused“困惑的”;frustrated“沮丧的”;cautious“谨慎的”。故选A项。 4.A　此处和上文“unpleasant results”形成对比,Paulo Coelho等待有利的结果出现。favorable“有利的,令人愉快的”;final“最后的”;direct“直接的”;fair“公平的”。故选A项。 5.C　结合前后句意可知,此处指“六个月过去了,他才卖出了下一本”,故选C项。 6.D　根据上文语境以及空后“ended Coelho’s contract”可知,这本书销量不好,出版商认为它很失败,所以中止了Coelho的合同。shame“羞耻”;hit“很受欢迎的人或物”;surprise“惊讶”;failure“失败”。故选D项。 7.B　根据“and so he made efforts to pursue his vision with even more passion”可知,Coelho下定决心不认输。break away“脱离,摆脱”;give in“屈服,让步,认输”;set out“动身,出发”;slow down“减缓”。故选B项。 8.C　根据语境及下文“Coelho found a new publisher”可知Coelho应是寻找出版商卖书。consumer“消费者”;partner“同伴”;bookseller“书商”;colleague“同事”。故选C项。 9.A　根据“as he encountered rejection after rejection”可知,Coelho遭到了一次又一次的拒绝,故找到一个出版商并不容易。easy“容易的”;vital“重要的”;urgent“紧急的”;complex“复杂的”。故选A项。 10.D　结合语境以及“and with it,another opportunity...”可知,他最终找到了一个出版商。recognize“认识到”;touch“触摸”;announce“宣布”;land“成功得到,赢得”。故选D项。 11.B　根据语境以及空后的“his dream”可知,有了出版商,他就有了实现梦想的机会。create“创造”;fulfil“实现”;cherish“珍惜”;abandon“遗弃”。故选B项。 12.A　根据下文“But as time went by”可知,此处是按时间先后展开,此处指“起初”。initially“开始,起初”;unluckily“不幸地”;actually“实际上”;awkwardly“笨拙地,局促不安地”。故选A项。 13.D　根据“as his books sales continue to grow year over year,with now over 150 million”可知,销售量持续上升,故此处指他的好运还没到头,好运依然在继续。wisdom“智慧”;time“时间”;luck“运气”。故选D项。 14.B　Even表示递进关系,结合下文“he sold over 320 million books”可知,他的书销量超过了3.2亿本,这令人惊叹。doubtful“怀疑的”;amazing“令人惊叹的”;engaging“有趣的,迷人的”;pleasant“令人愉快的”。故选B项。 15.C　结合语境及第一段中“only one person bought a copy”可知,一开始他的书只卖出去一本,现在大获成功,这都是从那第一本书开始的。last“最后的”;former“前者的”;first“第一的”;latest“最新的”。故选C项。 Ⅶ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明,夜间的人造光实际上可能会扰乱飞行昆虫的先天导航系统,导致它们在路灯和其他人造信标周围混乱地飞行,而不是被光所吸引。 1.simply　此处应用副词作状语,修饰动词drawn,故填simply。 2.suggests　此处在句中作谓语,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填suggests。 3.to fly　此处cause sb to do sth,固定搭配,意为“导致某人做某事”,故填to fly。 4.an　此处泛指一个科学家,应用不定冠词来修饰,且Imperial发音是以元音音素开头,应用an,故填an。 5.published　此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰study,且动词publish和study是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填published。 6.to　(be) similar to为固定搭配,意为“与……相似”,故填to。 7.cameras　此处应用名词camera作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表示泛指,故填cameras。 8.them　句意:这使他们能够研究蜻蜓如何围绕光源无休止地盘旋,并将自己背对着光束。此处应用them作宾语,故填them。 9.facing　此处应用with复合结构,宾语their back和动词face为主动关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故填facing。 10.who/that　空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词scientist,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系词who/that引导定语从句,故填who/that。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $