Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It is said 　　　　　　the girl has written over 20 short novels.  2.Everyone should play a part 　　　　　　　　protecting the environment.  3.Geographically,that country is 　　　　　　　　(locate) in the Southern Hemisphere.  4.Your breakfast choices lay the 　　　　　(found) for your entire day and your long-term health. 5.You can encourage your children to stay in contact 　　　　　　nature by going out for a barbecue. 6.Father’s Day is a festival on 　　　　　　sons and daughters will show their love and respect to their father.  Ⅱ.选词填空 make up　personally speaking　feel at home　major in　lead to 1.Eating too much sugar can 　　　　　　　　　health problems.  2.Could you tell me how many people 　　　　　　　　　the team?  3.I enjoyed studying English,so I decided to 　　　　　　　　　languages at college.  4.I 　　　　　　　　　together with you.I feel very happy as if I became much younger.  5.I think,　　　　　　　　　,that we need some further research before we can say whether it helps or not.  Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作之中国的标志性动物——藏羚羊) 1.藏羚羊的下层绒毛被称作世界上最柔软、最暖和的毛。 The Tibetan antelopes’ undercoat 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the softest,warmest wool in the world.  2.藏羚羊可高达4英尺,它们总是给人留下深刻的印象。 Tibetan antelopes stand about four feet high and they always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.它们的家园位于中国西藏地区。 Their homes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Tibetan region in China.  4.现在它们的数量急剧下降。一则,它们的自然栖息地被破坏了;再则,许多人非法狩猎它们。 Now their number is decreasing rapidly.For one thing,their natural habitats are destroyed.　　　　　 　　　　　,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.但是人们认为中国人会通过共同努力保护它们免于灭绝。 But 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with joint efforts. 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Do you want to find some books to read?If so,here is a list of them. Journeys of a Lifetime Adapted from the favorite trips of National Geographic’s travel writers,Journeys of a Lifetime crosses the globe to highlight the world’s most famous and little-known destinations.It presents lots of possibilities,from ocean voyage around Antarctica to horse riding in the Andes.Every continent and every possible form of transport is covered. Destinations of a Lifetime Destinations of a Lifetime takes you on a photographic tour of the world’s most impressive destinations.Hundreds of the most amazing locations—both natural and man-made—are illustrated with vivid images taken by the world-class photographers.Destinations of a Lifetime includes all the information:when to go,where to eat,where to stay,and what to do to ensure the most interesting experience. World’s Best Travel Experiences Popular actor and award-winning travel writer Andrew McCarthy writes the foreword(序言) to this great book,offering 400 excellent destinations chosen by National Geographic’s family.It will appeal to active travelers looking for the next great trip as well as to the many readers who simply love dreaming of visiting faraway and peaceful destinations. Lonely Planet’s Ultimate Travel This collection of the 500 most unmissable sights and attractions in the world has been ranked by Lonely Planet’s global community,so big sights such as the Eiffel Tower and the Taj Mahal battle it out for a prized place in the top 10,making this the only list you’ll ever need. 1.Which book will offer readers the information about restaurants? A.Journeys of a Lifetime. B.Destinations of a Lifetime. C.World’s Best Travel Experiences. D.Lonely Planet’s Ultimate Travel. 2.What do the books have in common? A.They offer impressive tourist information. B.They recommend faraway locations. C.They are included in National Geographic. D.They introduce the same destinations. 3.In which part of a newspaper can the text be found? A.Fashion. B.Society. C.Economy. D.Literature. B New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns(犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory(领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other. The study,published in the journal PNAS,found that de-horned(去角的) South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 percent smaller than those of complete animals,and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions. “The big,dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive(繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé,who led the work at Switzerland’s University of Neuchâtel. “It’s really hard to predict the effects of this,” she says.“It doesn’t mean that population success will necessarily decline,because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed,a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de-horning does not negatively affect populations overall. But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive procedure is worthwhile.Remarkably,perhaps,there is little hard evidence either way.“No one’s put all the data together to say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.  “What is clear is that the introduction of de-horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time,” she adds.“But de-horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.” “It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes,a member of the Bristol team.“There are so many other factors involved.You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing,patrols,staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks,their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors.In the meantime,Duthé believes that de-horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action.“A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.” 4.What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos? A.To make them less sociable. B.To protect them from being hunted. C.To reduce their home ranges. D.To affect their reproductive success. 5.What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to? A.The removal of rhino horns. B.The loss of rhino territories. C.The impact on rhino population. D.The change of rhino behavior. 6.What is Chimes’ attitude toward the de-horning of black rhinos? A.Supportive. B.Opposed. C.Unconcerned. D.Uncertain. 7.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.De-horning rhinos shows satisfying effects. B.Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting. C.De-horning is the last action researchers will take. D.Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely. C The largest living land animal in Asia,Asian elephants once roamed grasslands and rainforests across the continent.Prior to the 1700s,habitats for the now-endangered animals were relatively stable.But a new study reveals that more than 64% of historic suitable elephant habitat across Asia has been lost. Researchers found there was a rapid growth in habitat loss of Asian elephants from the year 1700,which is related to the expansion of European colonization(殖民化) of the region.During that time,logging,road-building,resource extraction and deforestation(森林砍伐) increased,and farming became more intense on land that might otherwise have been home to wildlife.The industrial revolution in the middle of the last century also drove greater habitat loss. Habitat loss means elephants are migrating from their usual living area,creating challenges for human communities that have little experience with elephants.In 2021,millions of people were frightened by a herd of elephants that migrated out of a protected area in China’s southwest Yunnan Province and walked more than 500 kilometers,destroying crops,wandering through towns and causing more than a million dollars’ worth of damage. With the elephants not having adequate habitat,there is increased potential for human-elephant conflict—a situation that shouldn’t be accepted as inevitable and one that can be avoided with proper planning.“We are going to reach a tipping point in which cultures of no conflict toward one another get replaced by cultures of antagonism(敌对) and violence—by both species.We have to de-escalate this situation,” said Shermin de Silva,a UCSD faculty member who led the research team. If the elephants can’t find suitable habitats,they will become endangered and near extinction,which has an effect on the whole ecosystem.This is because elephants help spread seeds,so vegetation cover.Their habitats also include several other species of animals and plants.In the wake of satisfying their need for large spaces,and enough water and food,plenty of other species can survive.When we protect the elephant,we also protect thousands of other species. 8.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The rapid growth of forest destruction. B.The causes of habitat loss for Asian elephants. C.The previous living environment of Asian elephants. D.The effect of the industrial revolution on Asian elephants. 9.What do we know about the migrating elephants? A.They lost their way home. B.They enjoyed feeding on crops. C.They caused many troubles for the locals. D.They headed southwest in search of water. 10.What does the underlined word “de-escalate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Ease up. B.Adapt to. C.Put up with. D.Take advantage of. 11.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A.To stress the necessity of protecting elephants. B.To explain the significance of species diversity. C.To provide suggestions on restoring elephant habitats. D.To show the impact of the elephant population on the ecosystem. Ⅴ.七选五 There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall.The first step is to think about what you’re trying to achieve:　1　 Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork?Once you’ve identified the goal,let the following general principles guide you.  Get the height right Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level.　2　 So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor.And if the art is going over furniture,aim to hang it 8 to 10 inches from the top of the sofa or whatever piece is beneath it.Whatever height you choose,keep in mind:from a psychological perspective,if it’s a scene from nature,for example,it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it.  Take care when grouping pieces When grouping art pieces to create a gallery wall,give priority to the thing that is most special.Be mindful of the space between the frames,ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another.A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items,and at most six inches apart with larger works.　3　  Find a coherent thread When arranging artwork in a group,look for one or two elements that repeat between the pieces,whether it’s a similar color,or a particular style of frame.When they all share this common characteristic,the brain says,“Oh,this was meant to be,”—it becomes easier to process what you’re looking at. Create balance and symmetry(对称) 　4　 A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones;In other experiments,researchers in Rome found that visual symmetry even leads to positive mood changes in viewers.  　5　  Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering(捶打) holes into a wall,lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look.Consider this a rehearsal(彩排) for your personal art show.Once you have the right arrangement,hammer away. A.Give it a trial run B.Make a proper arrangement C.They are two important elements. D.Research shows that humans prefer symmetry. E.In this case,it brings people a harmonious visual effect. F.But “eye level” means different things to different people. G.Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.that　2.in　3.located　4.foundation　5.with　6.which Ⅱ.1.lead to　2.make up　3.major in　4.feel at home　5.personally speaking Ⅲ.1.is referred to as　2.leave/make a deep impression on/upon people　3.are located in　4.For another;many people hunt them illegally　5.it is believed that Chinese people will protect them from dying out Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本关于旅游的书。 1.B　细节理解题。根据Destinations of a Lifetime部分中的最后一句“Destinations of a Lifetime includes all the information:when to go,where to eat,where to stay,and what to do to ensure the most interesting experience.”可知,Destinations of a Lifetime这本书可以为读者提供吃住行等信息。故选B项。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Adapted from the favorite trips of National Geographic’s travel writers,Journeys of a Lifetime crosses the globe to highlight the world’s most famous and little-known destinations.”;第三段“Destinations of a Lifetime includes all the information:...and what to do to ensure the most interesting experience.”;第四段“It will appeal to active travelers looking for the next great trip as well as to the many readers who simply love dreaming of visiting faraway and peaceful destinations.”以及最后一段“This collection of the 500 most unmissable sights and attractions...making this the only list you’ll ever need.”可知,文章介绍的四本书都是关于旅游的。故选A项。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you want to find some books to read?If so,here is a list of them.”可知,文章介绍了四本关于旅游的书,所以我们能在报纸的文学版块找到它。故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。新研究表明,为了解决偷猎问题而切掉黑犀牛的角会影响黑犀牛的领地面积和它们之间的社交。而对于这种措施是否有利于动物保护,人们有不同的看法。 4.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns(犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory(领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.”可知,切除黑犀牛的角是为了降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力,保护它们不被非法猎杀。故选B项。 5.A　词句猜测题。根据画线短语invasive procedure前的this可知,这里提到的invasive procedure(侵入性手术)指代作者上文中刚提到的事物,结合上一段中的“Indeed,a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de-horning does not negatively affect populations overall.”可知,这里invasive procedure指的是去掉黑犀牛的角。故选A项。 6.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘It’s incredibly complicated...their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.’”可知,Lucy Chimes没有正面回应切除黑犀牛的角这个问题,而是说偷猎减少这个现象很复杂,除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外,需要考虑到许多因素,由此可推测,她对切除黑犀牛角的态度不确定。故选D项。 7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are so many other factors involved.You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out...and whether there is community engagement.”可知,在谈到偷猎减少这个问题时,除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外,需要考虑到围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与等许多因素,由此可推测出,多种不同的因素导致非法偷猎减少。故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,历史上亚洲超过64%的适宜大象的栖息地已经消失,亚洲象面临严重的生存危机。 8.B　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段可知,亚洲象栖息地的迅速丧失主要是由欧洲殖民扩张和工业革命造成的,所以第二段主要讲的是亚洲象栖息地丧失的原因。故选B项。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Habitat loss means elephants are migrating from their usual living area,creating challenges for human communities that have little experience with elephants.”可知,迁徙的大象给当地人带来了许多麻烦。故选C项。 10.A　词句猜测题。根据第四段的“With the elephants not having adequate habitat...by both species.”可知,当大象没有足够的栖息地时,人象冲突的可能性增加了,这种情况是可以通过适当的规划来避免的,因此我们必须要尽量降低这种状况出现的概率,由此可以推测画线词的意思应为“使降级或缓和”,与A项Ease up“减轻;缓和”意思相近,故选A项。 11.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“If the elephants can’t find suitable habitats,they will become endangered and near extinction(灭绝),which has an effect on the whole ecosystem.”和最后一句“When we protect the elephant,we also protect thousands of other species.”可知,在最后一段作者想要强调保护大象的必要性。故选A项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文就如何把画挂在墙上提出几点建议。 1.G　根据上文“The first step is to think about what you’re trying to achieve”以及下文“Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork?”可知,此处承接上文说明达到什么样的效果且与下文为并列关系。G项切题。故选G项。 2.F　根据上文“Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level.”以及下文“So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor.”可知,对于“艺术品应该悬挂在眼睛的高度”人们有不同的标准,所以引起了下文的基本规则。F项切题。故选F项。 3.E　根据上文“A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items,and at most six inches apart with larger works.”可知,选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。故E项切题。 4.D　根据下文“A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones”可知,人们更喜欢对称感。故D项切题,与下文话题一致。 5.A　根据下文“ lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look.Consider this a rehearsal”可知,本段强调正式上墙前先地面预摆、提前试布置,A 项概括段落主旨,适合作小标题，故选 A项。 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $