内容正文:
沪教版 八下 Unit 1 Helping those in need. 核心考点详解
考点1:offer 与 provide 辨析
单词
核心含义
常用结构
例句
offer
主动提出;自愿给予;提供
① offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物② offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
He offered to help the elderly clean their houses. 他主动提出帮老人打扫屋子。The little boy offered his seat to the old man. 小男孩给老人让了座。
provide
供给;提供(为应对需求、意外做准备)
① provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
The charity provides food for people in need. 这家慈善机构为困难群众提供食物。
考点2:donate 的用法
donate 作动词,意为 “捐赠;赠送”,常见用法:
1. donate sth. to sb./somewhere 向某人 / 某地捐赠某物
1. donate time/energy/one’s life to (doing) sth. 捐赠时间 / 精力 / 献出生命做某事
例句:
He donated all his pocket money to the children with cancer. 他把自己所有的零花钱都捐给了患癌儿童。
She donates her spare time to looking after disabled people. 她把自己的空余时间都用来照顾残障人士。
拓展:名词形式为 donation,意为 “捐赠;捐赠物”,如:make a donation 进行捐赠。
考点3:volunteer 的用法
volunteer 作动词,意为“自愿做;义务做”;作名词,意为“志愿者”,常见用法:
1. volunteer to do sth. 自愿/主动做某事
1. volunteer for sth. 自愿参加某事
1. volunteer as sth. 自愿担任……
例句:
Many students volunteer to do voluntary work in the community. 很多学生自愿在社区做志愿工作。
He volunteered as a helper to look after the sick in the hospital. 他自愿担任帮手,在医院照顾病人。
拓展:形容词形式为 voluntary,意为“自愿的;志愿的”,如:voluntary work 志愿工作。
考点4:raise 与 rise 辨析
单词
词性
核心含义
变形规则
例句
raise
及物动词(必须接宾语)
筹集;提升;举起;抚养;饲养
规则变形:raise-raised-raised
We want to raise money for the elderly in the nursing home. 我们想为养老院的老人筹钱。He raised his hand to ask a question. 他举手提问。
rise
不及物动词(不能直接接宾语)
升起;上升;上涨
不规则变形:rise-rose-risen
The sun rises in the east every morning. 太阳每天从东方升起。The price of the vegetables rose a lot last week. 上周蔬菜价格涨了很多。
考点5:pain 与 ache 辨析
单词
核心含义
用法区别
例句
pain
疼痛;痛苦;苦恼
可指身体上剧烈的、突然的疼痛,也可指精神上的痛苦,可作可数/不可数名词
The patient was in great pain because of the cancer. 这位病人因为癌症承受着巨大的痛苦。The pain in his leg made him unable to walk. 他腿上的疼让他无法走路。
ache
疼痛;隐痛
多指身体上持续的、轻微的隐痛,常和身体部位构成复合词(headache/toothache/stomachache),多作可数名词
My head ached badly after I stayed up late. 熬夜之后我的头很疼。She has a stomach ache because of bad eating habits. 她因为不好的饮食习惯胃痛。
考点6:suffer from 的用法
suffer from 为固定动词短语,意为“遭受;患……病;受……之苦”,常见用法:
1. suffer from + 疾病 患……病
2. suffer from + 不幸/困难 遭受……;受……困扰
例句:
Many elderly people suffer from serious diseases. 很多老年人患有严重的疾病。
He suffered from a lot of pain after the accident. 事故之后他承受了很多痛苦。
拓展:动词形式 suffer,意为“遭受;忍受”;名词形式 suffering,意为“痛苦;苦难”。
考点7:cheer up 相关up高频短语辨析
短语
核心含义
例句
cheer sb. up
(使)某人高兴起来;使某人振奋
I bought a gift to cheer my friend up when she was in low spirits. 我朋友情绪低落的时候,我买了个礼物让她开心起来。
raise one’s spirits
使某人振奋;鼓舞士气
The music raised our spirits when we were tired. 我们疲惫的时候,音乐鼓舞了我们的士气。
give up
放弃;戒掉
You should never give up helping people in need. 你永远不该放弃帮助有困难的人。
put up
张贴;搭建;举起
We put up a poster to call on people to donate money. 我们贴了一张海报号召大家捐款。
take up
开始从事;占据(时间/空间)
He took up flower arranging in his spare time. 他空闲时间开始学插花。
考点8:elderly、elder 与 old 辨析
单词
核心含义
用法区别
例句
elderly
上了年纪的;年老的
礼貌、委婉的表达,特指“年长的、上了年纪的”,可与the连用表一类人(the elderly 老年人)
We should care for the elderly in our daily life. 我们在日常生活中应该关爱老人。
elder
年长的;年龄较大的
特指家庭成员之间的长幼关系,只能作定语,不能作表语
My elder sister often helps me with my English. 我姐姐经常帮我补习英语。
old
年老的;旧的
通用词,可指人“年老的”,也可指事物“旧的”,语气直接
He lives in an old house with his grandmother. 他和奶奶住在一栋老房子里。
考点9:permission 的用法
permission 作名词,意为“准许;许可;批准”,常见用法:
1. ask for permission 请求许可
2. give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. without permission 未经许可
例句:
You need to ask for permission before you enter the room. 你进房间前需要请求许可。
No one can take the books out of the library without permission. 未经许可,任何人都不能把书带出图书馆。
拓展:动词形式为 permit,意为“允许;准许”,常见搭配 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。
考点10:arrange 的用法
arrange 作动词,意为“排列;布置;安排;筹备”,常见用法:
1. arrange sth. 安排/布置某物
2. arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
3. arrange to do sth. 安排/计划做某事
例句:
My mother arranges the flowers in the vase every morning. 我妈妈每天早上都会给花瓶里的花做插花。
We arranged for a volunteer to look after the sick boy. 我们安排了一名志愿者照顾生病的男孩。
拓展:名词形式为 arrangement,意为“安排;布置”,常用搭配 make arrangements for 为……做安排。
考点11:in order to 与 so that 辨析
短语
核心含义
用法结构
例句
in order to
目的是;为了
后接动词原形,可放句首/句中,否定形式为 in order not to
In order to cheer the sick girl up, we sang a song for her. 为了让生病的女孩开心起来,我们给她唱了一首歌。
so that
为了;以便
后接完整的句子,从句常与情态动词can/could/will/would连用,只能放句中
We raised a lot of money so that we could help more disabled people. 我们筹了很多钱,以便能帮助更多残障人士。
考点12:serious 的用法
serious 作形容词,意为“严重的;严肃的;认真的”,常见用法:
1. a serious problem/disease 严重的问题/疾病
2. be serious about sth. 对某事认真
3. a serious person 一个严肃的人
例句:
He is in hospital because of a serious heart disease. 他因为严重的心脏病住院了。
You should be serious about your voluntary work. 你应该认真对待你的志愿工作。
拓展:副词形式为 seriously,意为“严重地;严肃地”,常用搭配 take sth. seriously 认真对待某事。
考点13:look after 同义短语辨析
短语
核心含义
例句
look after
照料;照顾;照看
I need to look after my elderly grandma at home this weekend. 这周末我需要在家照顾年迈的奶奶。
take care of
照顾;照料(通用替换,口语、书面均可)
She takes good care of the disabled people in the community. 她把社区里的残障人士照顾得很好。
care for
照顾;照料(更正式,含“关爱”的情感)
Nurses care for the patients in the hospital day and night. 护士们日夜照顾医院里的病人。
考点14:lose 的用法
lose 作动词,意为“丧失;失去;丢失;输掉”,不规则动词高频考点,常见用法:
1. 不规则变形:lose-lost-lost
2. lose sth. 丢失/失去某物
3. lose one’s life 失去生命;丧生
4. lose one’s spirits 垂头丧气;情绪低落
例句:
He lost his ability to walk after the accident. 事故之后他失去了行走的能力。
Don’t lose your spirits even if you meet difficulties. 即使遇到困难,也不要垂头丧气。
拓展:形容词形式 lost,意为“丢失的;迷路的”,如:a lost dog 一只走失的狗。
考点15:pleasant、pleased 与 pleasing 辨析
单词
核心含义
修饰对象/用法
例句
pleasant
令人愉快的;宜人的
修饰事物,如天气、旅行、时光、声音等
We had a pleasant time with the elderly in the nursing home. 我们和养老院的老人度过了一段愉快的时光。
pleased
感到高兴的;满意的
修饰人,常用搭配 be pleased with sth./to do sth.
My parents were pleased with my volunteer work. 我的父母对我的志愿工作很满意。
pleasing
令人愉悦的;讨人喜欢的
修饰事物,侧重“让人产生好感的”,可与pleasant通用
The nice smell of the flowers is very pleasing. 花朵的香气十分怡人。
考点16:belong 的用法
belong 作动词,意为“适应;合得来;属于”,常见用法:
1. belong to sb. 属于某人(无被动语态,无进行时)
2. belong in/with... 适应……;适合处在……
例句:
This book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
He didn’t feel he belonged in this school at first. 一开始他觉得自己在这所学校里格格不入。
拓展:名词形式为 belonging,常用复数 belongings,意为“所有物;行李”。
考点17:disease、illness 与 sickness 辨析
单词
核心含义
用法区别
例句
disease
病;疾病
特指具体的、严重的、长期的疾病,尤其是有医学定义的病症,可传染
Cancer is a serious disease. 癌症是一种严重的疾病。
illness
疾病;患病
泛指生病的状态、患病的时长,不特指具体病症,多为不可数名词
He can’t go to school because of his illness. 他因为生病不能去上学。
sickness
疾病;呕吐
多指轻微的身体不适、恶心呕吐,也可泛指生病,多用于口语
He felt sickness after he took the medicine. 他吃了药之后感到恶心。
考点18:spare 的用法
spare 作形容词,意为“空闲的;空余的;备用的”;作动词,意为“留出;抽出;饶恕”,常见用法:
1. in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间
2. spare time to do sth. 抽出时间做某事
3. spare sth. for sb. 为某人留出某物
例句:
I often do voluntary work in my spare time. 我经常在空闲时间做志愿工作。
Could you spare some time to help me tidy up the room? 你能抽出点时间帮我整理房间吗?
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