Unit 5 Power of Ideas.单元知识清单 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

Unit 5 Power of Ideas.单元知识清单 Part1单元知识梳理 一、重点单词 1. invention n. 发明；创造→a great invention 一项伟大的发明→ the invention of... ……的发明 2. camera n. 照相机；（电影）摄影机→ digital camera数码相机 3. super adj. 超级的；顶好的→ excellent adj. 极好的（近义词）→ wonderful adj. 极好的（近义词） 4. mini- prefix. 微型的；短的→ maxi- prefix.最长的；最大的（反义前缀） 5. itself pron. 它自己→ by itself 独自地；自动地→ in itself 本质上；本身 6. button n. 按钮；扣子→ press a button 按按钮→ a coat button 一个大衣纽扣 7. produce v. 生产；繁育→ product n. 产品→ production n. 生产；制作→ producer n. 生产商；制片人 8. plastic n.&adj. 塑料（的）→ plastic bags/bottles 塑料袋/瓶 9. printer n. 打印机；印刷公司→ print v. 打印；印刷→ printing n. 印刷；印刷术 10. invent v. 发明；编造→ inventor n. 发明家 11. suppose v. 认为；推断→ suppose sb to be... 假定/认为某人是……→ I suppose so. 我认为是这样。 → be supposed to do sth 应该做某事 12. frozen adj. 冻硬的；冰封的→ freeze v. 结冰；冻结→ freezing adj. 极冷的 13. complete adj. 完全的；彻底的→ a complete success 彻底的成功→ v. 完成；结束→ complete sth 完成某事 14. melt v. （使）融化；逐渐消失 15. tourism n. 旅游业→ tour n.&v. 旅行；旅游→ tourist n. 游客 16. gain v. 获得；取得→ gain knowledge/experience 获得知识/经验 17. reality n. 现实；真实→ in reality 事实上；实际上→ face reality 面对现实→ real adj. 真实的→ realize v. 意识到；实现 18. responsible adj. 作为原因的；有责任的→ be responsible for... 对……负责→ responsibility n. 责任；职责 19. rapid adj. 迅速的；瞬间的→ a rapid increase 迅速的增长→ rapidly adv. 迅速地；快速地→ fast adj.&adv. 快的；快地（近义词） 20. shape v. 塑造 n. 形状→ shape sth into... 把某物塑造成……→ in the shape of... 呈……的形状 21. expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的→ expensively adv. 昂贵地→ inexpensive adj. 不贵的；便宜的（反义词）→ cheap adj. 便宜的（反义词）→ dear adj. 昂贵的（近义词） 22. none pron. 没有一个；毫无→ no one pron. 没有人（只指“人”） 23. ideal adj. 最合适的；理想的 n. 理想；完美的人（或事物） 24. certain adj. 某些；确定的；pron.（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些→ for certain 肯定；无疑 → be certain of sth确信某事→ certainly adv. 当然；无疑 25. suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的→ be suitable for... 适合……→ suit v. 适合 n. 套装 26. liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的→ solid n. 固体 adj. 固体的→ gas n. 气体 27. cheap adj. 便宜的 adv. 低廉地 28. creation n. 创造；作品→ create v. 创造；创作→ creative adj. 有创造力的→ creator n. 创造者 29. birth n. 起源；诞生→ the date of birth 出生日期→ at birth 出生时→ give birth to 生下→ born v. 出生 30. rapidly adv. 迅速地；快速地→ slowly adv. 缓慢地 31. afford v. 买得起；能做→ afford sth 买得起某物→ can afford to do sth 有足够的时间、金钱或能力去做某事 32. company n. 公司；剧团→ n. 陪伴；宾客；在一起的一群人 33. sticky adj. 黏（性）的；闷热的→ stick v. 粘住；插入 34. production n. 生产；制作→ produce v. 生产；制作→ product n. 产品→ productive adj. 多产的；富有成效的 35. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 36. widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地→ be widely used 被广泛使用→ wide adj. 宽的；广泛的→ widen v. 拓宽；扩大 二、重点短语 1. high-speed train 高速列车 2. hundreds (of...) 许多；大量 3. all over the world 全世界 4. be supposed to do/be sth 应当做（某事）或是（某物） 5. responsible for sth引起某事 6. later on 后来；其后 7. speed up （使）加速 8. result in 造成；导致 9. lead to 导致；造成 10. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法 三、重点句子 1. — What invention do you like the most?你最喜欢什么发明？ — I like ... the most.我最喜欢…… 2. What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter?彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 3. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.收音机让人们更容易欣赏到世界各地艺术家的音乐。 4. Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines?你能想象一个没有书籍、报纸或杂志的世界吗？ 5. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap.令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便，易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是，便宜。 6. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，还改变了世界各地的社会文明。 7. The invention of the plane has greatly changed the world.飞机的发明极大地改变了世界。 8. As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has become a much smaller place.因此，不同国家的人们之间的交流现在容易多了，世界变成了一个更小的地方。 Part2 单元语法 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 英语句子的语态包含两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的句子谓语是句子主语发出的动作，而被动语态的谓语是句子主语所承受的动作。本单元主要讨论被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。 考点1 被动语态的谓语结构 被动语态的谓语基本结构是“be 动词+ 及物动词的过去分词”，其中be 动词的形式随人称和时态变化： 时态 结构 例句（主动→被动） 一般现在时 am/is/are + 动词过去分词 主动：She cleans the classroom. 她打扫教室。 被动：The classroom is cleaned by her. 教室被她打扫。 一般过去时 was/were + 动词过去分词 主动：He repaired the bike yesterday. 他昨天修理了自行车。 被动： The bike was repaired by him yesterday. 自行车昨天被他修理了。 考点2 被动语态的意义 被动语态的核心是强调动作的承受者，而非动作的执行者。 1.一般现在时的被动语态表示“现在或经常发生的被动动作”或“客观事实中的被动关系”。 例：The classroom is cleaned by students every afternoon.教室每天下午由学生打扫。 Rules must be followed in school.在学校里必须遵守规则。 2.一般过去时的被动语态表示“过去某时发生的被动动作”。 例：The letter was written by my mom last night. 这封信昨晚被我妈妈写好了。 考点3 被动语态的主要应用场景 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁时 例：Many books are borrowed from the library every day.每天有很多书从图书馆被借走。（不知道具体是谁借的） The window of our classroom was broken during the break.课间休息时我们教室的窗户被打碎了。（不知道具体是谁打碎的） 2.需要强调动作的承受者时 例：English is spoken by many people. 很多人说英语。（强调 “英语” 这个承受者） This novel was written by a young author in 2020.这本小说是2020 年由一位年轻作家写的。（强调 “这本小说” 这个承受者） 3.动作的执行者不重要 例：Letters are delivered before 10 a.m. every day.信件每天上午10 点前送达。（执行者“邮递员”不重要，重点是“信件被送达”） The homework was finished on time.作业按时完成了。（执行者“学生”不重要，重点是“作业被完成”） 注意：1. 只有及物动词（能直接加宾语的动词，如 clean, build）才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, arrive）没有。 例：The house is cleaned by Jim every day. 房子每天由吉姆打扫。 The old bridge was built in 1990. 这座旧桥是1990 年建成的。 2. 被动语态中，可用“by+ 执行者”引出动作的发出者，但如果执行者不重要，可省略。 例：Vegetables are washed (by people) before cooking. 蔬菜在烹饪前被（人）清洗。 The cake was made (by my sister). 蛋糕（被我姐姐）做好了。 Part3 单元写作 【写作维度】 本单元的写作项目是“一项发明”，相关内容包含以下几个方面：(1)介绍一项发明 (2)讲述发明的用处 (3)说明发明的影响及感想等 【写作支架/模板】 写“发明”相关文章 介绍基本信息(名称、发明者、发明时间……) 详细介绍(用处、对生活的影响……) 表达感受(启发或期望……) 【重点语句积累】 一、开头段 ① Among all the inventions that light up our daily lives, ...stands out as a“ life-saver” for most students. ② Have you ever thought about which small invention makes listening to English songs easier? It’s definitely... ③ One invention that has made my dorm life more comfortable is the ... 二、中间段 ① It can..., which means I never have to worry about... during after-school activities. ② It’s powered by ..., so I can plug it into my laptop or power bank—no need for extra batteries at all. ③ It only needs to be charged once a week, and even if it runs out of power, we can charge it with a common USB cable—super easy for daily use. ④ Its body is only as big as a palm, so I can easily put it in my pencil case and take it to the library or classroom. ⑤ It has a special function: it can remind me to take my medicine on time by sending a small beep—my mom says it’s like a “little helper” for my health. ⑥ Compared with traditional..., it uses less electricity, and its light is soft enough to protect our eyes when we read at night. 三、结尾段 ① This invention isn’t the most famous one in history, but it solves small problems in our daily lives. ② I hope future versions of this invention can be more friendly to the environment. ③ In my opinion, the best inventions are the ones that “blend into our life”—we use them every day but rarely notice how much they help us. 【经典例题】 “苟日新，日日新，又日新”古有四大发明，今有科技创新。从造纸术、指南针到新能源汽车和AI人工智能，都给我们的生活带来了改变和便利。学校校刊正在举办科技节英文征文活动，请你以“My Favorite Invention”为题，根据下面表格内容写一篇短文，参加校刊活动。 My Favorite Invention What is your favorite invention? (smartphone, AI car, DeepSeek... ) What is it used for? What can it do? Why do you like it best? Something more you want to say. 写作要求： 1. 根据表格内容提示，适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； 3. 词数90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 精彩范文展示 My Favorite Invention There are many great inventions in our daily lives. My favorite invention is the smartphone. A smartphone is widely used for communication, learning, and entertainment. It allows us to call friends, search for information online, take photos, and even pay bills quickly. What I like most is its convenience. With it, I can study anytime by watching educational videos or reading e-books. It also helps me connect with family and friends through social media. Life feels faster and smarter because of this invention. However, smartphones should be used wisely. Spending too much time on them might waste our energy. Let’s enjoy technology but also focus on real-life activities! 【实战演练】 为了培养学生的发明和创新精神，学校将举行中学生科技创新大赛。假定你是李华，你准备发明一件物品，参加本次大赛。请你以“I want to invent ______”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍你的发明物。内容包括： 注意： (1)请先补全标题； (2)短文须全面反映图文信息； (3)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息； (4)词数 80~100。 I want to invent ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文参考 I want to invent a special pen I want to invent a special pen that can help students learn more efficiently. It looks like a normal pen. This pen will have a built-in dictionary and translation function, allowing students to look up words and translate sentences instantly. It will also have a voice recording feature, so students can record lectures and listen to them later. The pen will be lightweight and easy to carry, making it perfect for use in classrooms, libraries, and at home. I believe this pen will greatly enhance students’ learning experiences and make studying more enjoyable and effective. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $