Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language-分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Learning About Language 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.My friend is determined to major in 　　　　　(政治) at the college.  2.His efforts to improve the situation are to be 　　　　　(赞赏).  3.What delighted the fans was that Tom performed well in the table tennis 　　　　　(锦标赛). 4.I’d have probably gone into a 　　　　　　(职业) where I feel I could help other people. 5.I love my 　　　　　(笔记本电脑),as it holds all of my writing and thoughts.  6.How much 　　　　　　(税) do they take out of your monthly pay?  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.He set out 　　　　　　Nanjing on a warm spring morning.  2.If we do our best for nature,nature will offer its best to us 　　　　　　return!  3.After discussing it for two days,they haven’t reached 　　　　　　agreement yet.  4.A 　　　　　　(mix) of skill and good luck decided the outcome of the game.  5.Now a special TV network gives live 　　　　　　(cover) of most races.  6.Some people were put into prison for 　　　　　　(politics) reasons.  7.Life isn’t about how 　　　　　　(live) through the storm,but how 　　　　　　(dance) in the rain.  Ⅲ.句型转换 1.The little girl was the only one who survived the plane crash. →The little girl was the only one 　　　　　　　the plane crash.  2.If he thought the task deserved doing,he would do it. →If he thought the task deserved 　　　　　　　　,he would do it.  3.His eagerness that he wanted to get back home was quite obvious. →His eagerness 　　　　　　　　　　was quite obvious.  4.There are still many problems which need to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. →There are still many problems 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.  5.Her father plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so that he can visit her. →Her father plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year 　　　　　　　　　　　　visit her.  Ⅳ.单句写作(动词不定式) 1.我的老师说拥有充足的睡眠是很重要的。 My teacher said it was very important 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.他建议我制订一个适合我自己的计划。 He advised me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　which is suitable for myself.  3.经常听到这个年轻人唱最近流行的歌曲。 The young man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　which are popular these days.  4.孩子们在餐桌上大声说话,我不得不努力让自己被听到。 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.为了实现这个目标,我决定像我的同桌一样努力学习。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I decided 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　like my deskmate. 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change.Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents(洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns. Arctic melting is adding roughly 6,000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade.As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean,it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing.With less heat being stirred in from below,the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months,says Marilena Oltmanns,a climate scientist at the U.K.National Oceanography Centre.This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”,an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA modeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder.  To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather,Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites,and weather stations.They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense,the boundary was sharper,bringing more powerful westerly(向西的) winds.As a result,the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N.That shift can continue into the next summer.And like a barrier,this warm current,curls up and around the British Isles,allowing a mass of hot,dry air to camp out over Europe. “The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while—that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns,as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis,a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center. 1.What do the underlined words “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Climate models. B.Ocean current. C.Cold water zone. D.Air circulation patterns. 2.What does paragraph 3 focus on? A.Introduce the form of cold blob. B.Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe. C.Survey some data for the study. D.Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe. 3.What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study? A.Approving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear. 4.What can we infer from the passage? A.Human activities change climate models. B.Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves. C.Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents. D.Global warming results in the rise of the temperature. Ⅵ.完形填空 Biar Kon grew up in a refugee camp in Kenya,after his parents were forced to flee the war in neighboring Sudan.When he was 17,he moved to Nairobi,the capital of Kenya,to 　1　 school.  Once he arrived,he needed to get some 　2　 from the Sudanese embassy.But when he went looking for the embassy,he couldn’t find it.Then an older woman 　3　 him on the back,“Hey,my son,how are you doing?” The woman told Kon that she had seen him asking questions of 　4　 people as they passed,and she wondered if he needed some help.The woman’s 　5　 left a deep impression on Kon.And it inspired him to pay it 　6　,five years later,when he moved to Boston,Massachusetts.  One day,outside a coffee shop,he 　7　 an interaction between a young woman and a(n) 　8　 man that troubled her.Kon went up to the man,to see what he could do.“He told me why he was on the street—because he made a mistake when he was in high school,and he couldn’t get a 　9　 now,” Kon recalled.  Kon bought the man some breakfast,and gave him a little bit of money.Today,it’s an encounter he 　10　 on often.For him,it was a reminder that you never know what people are 　11　 unless you make a point to talk to them.  “She kind of sowed a seed of 　12　 in me.And every time I see somebody who’s in trouble,I always try to 　13　,” Kon said.  Kon is now a student at the University of Massachusetts Lowell.He hopes to provide housing and social support for people 　14　 on the streets—an idea partly inspired by his unsung 　15　.  1.A.enjoy B.attend C.quit D.teach 2.A.books B.documents C.patents D.tests 3.A.blamed B.seized C.tapped D.kicked 4.A.multiple B.busy C.exhausted D.anxious 5.A.comfort B.patience C.generosity D.name 6.A.back B.forward C.off D.up 7.A.observed B.created C.admired D.ignored 8.A.evil B.friendly C.careful D.homeless 9.A.degree B.hand C.clue D.job 10.A.reflects B.depends C.concentrates D.researches 11.A.putting out B.talking about C.going through D.holding up 12.A.wonder B.passion C.curiosity D.kindness 13.A.cheer B.figure C.help D.tell 14.A.assisting B.interacting C.working D.living 15.A.hero B.man C.teacher D.organizer Ⅶ.语法填空 Shackleton was one of the most famous 1.(explorer) of his day and it was a great honor to be part of his expeditions. After 2.　　　　　　(see) the advertisement in the newspaper,Perce Blackborow resolved to join the Antarctic expedition 3.　　　　　　(lead) by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what kinds of challenges lay ahead.Unfortunately,his 4.　　　　　　(apply) was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.However,he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friend’s help.He hid in a cupboard,but soon he 5.　　　　　　　　　(discover).Although the captain Shackleton was angry,he didn’t want to turn back and assigned the boy the job of cooking for the crew.The voyage did not go 6.(smooth),and the Endurance became stuck in the ice.Before the Endurance was crushed and sank into the sea,Shackleton gave the order 7.(abandon) the ship,and the crew had to camp on ice.They then sailed to Elephant Island.Soon after that,Shackleton selected 8.　　　　　　 boat party and set off for South Georgia Island to get help.Perce Blackborow stayed on the island with other 21 men.After living on the island for four months,they were finally rescued.They were at last free to go home to warm beds,good food 9.　　　　　 the care of their family.Shackleton saved all his loyal crew 10.　　　　　 a low but painful death.  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.politics　2.applauded　3.tournament　4.profession　5.laptop　6.tax Ⅱ.1.for　2.in　3.an　4.mixture　5.coverage　6.political　7.to live;to dance Ⅲ.1.to survive　2.to be done　3.to get back home　4.to be solved　5.in order to/so as to Ⅳ.1.to have enough sleep　2.to make a plan　3.is often heard to sing the songs　4.I had to struggle to be heard　5.To achieve this goal;to work hard Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章对欧洲连续炎热干燥的夏季与气候变化之间关联进行了探讨,并对北极冰融化对海洋和天气模式的影响进行了解释和说明。 1.C　词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA modeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder”可知,cold blob指的是“冷水海域”。故选C项。 2.D　主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容可知,第三段描述了北极冰融化产生的淡水可能如何影响欧洲的天气,特别是如何导致炎热干燥的夏天。它分析了北大西洋的“冷斑”现象,以及它如何与风和洋流相互作用,造成炎热干燥的空气在欧洲上空滞留的条件。因此,该段的主要内容是分析欧洲炎热干燥夏季的原因。故选D项。 3.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,Jennifer Francis认为这项研究为她和其他人长期以来的一个预期提供了有力的证据,即格陵兰岛南部的冷斑会影响北大西洋的天气模式以及下游的欧洲天气模式。因此,她对这项研究的态度是赞同的。故选A项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and...regional hot air circulation patterns.”,第二段中“Arctic melting is adding roughly 6,000 cubic kilometers of...This phenomenon may explain the so-called ‘cold blob’”以及第三段中“They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense...dry air to camp out over Europe.”可知,北极冰融化的淡水涌入大西洋会引起“冷水区块”现象,当“冷水区块”更强烈、边界更尖锐时,带来更强大的西风带,把温暖的洋流移动到北纬60度,让大量的炎热干燥空气停留在欧洲上空;由此可知,北极冰融化加剧了欧洲的热浪。故选B项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位曾受陌生人善举影响的苏丹难民在成长过程中将这份善意传递给他人的故事。 1.B　根据上文“When he was 17,he moved to Nairobi,the capital of Kenya”以及空后的“school”可知,此处表示他去内罗毕上学,attend school表示“上学”。故选B项。 2.B　根据上文“When he was 17,he moved to Nairobi,the capital of Kenya,to 　　　school.”以及下文“from the Sudanese embassy”可知,此处表示身为难民的他在内罗毕上学需要办理正式手续,通常涉及文件。故选B项。  3.C　根据下文“him on the back”可知,此处表示年长女士引起Biar Kon注意的方式,tap表示“轻拍”,表现出一种温和的接触,符合语境。故选C项。 4.A　根据上文“The woman told Kon that she had seen him asking questions of”以及下文中的“they”可推知,Biar Kon之前向多个人问了很多问题。故选A项。 5.C　根据上文“and she wondered if he needed some help”可知,年长女士的行为是对Kon的一种帮助和关心,此处表示年长女士的慷慨(不吝惜给予他人帮助)给Kon留下深刻的印象。故选C项。 6.B　根据下文“She kind of sowed a seed of 　　　in me.And every time I see somebody who’s in trouble,I always try to 　　　”可知,此处表示把年长女士展现的慷慨善良传递下去,pay it forward表示“将爱传出去”,符合语境。故选B项。  7.A　根据下文“an interaction between a young woman and a(n)　　　 man”可知,此处表示他观察到两个人之间的互动。故选A项。  8.D　根据下文“He told me why he was on the street—because he made a mistake when he was in high school,and he couldn’t get a 　　　now”以及常识可知,这个男人是无家可归的。故选D项。  9.D　根据上文“He told me why he was on the street—because he made a mistake when he was in high school”可知,他现在无家可归,可推知此处表示他在高中时犯了一个错误,现在找不到工作。故选D项。 10.A　根据下文“For him,it was a reminder that you never know what people are 　　　unless you make a point to talk to them.”可知,此处表示他经常反思这件事情。故选A项。  11.C　根据上文“Kon went up to the man,to see what he could do.”以及下文“unless you make a point to talk to them”可知,此处表示和人交流之后,你才能知道人们正在经历什么。put out“熄灭”;talk about“谈论”;go through“经历”;hold up“举起,支撑”。故选C项。 12.D　根据下文“And every time I see somebody who’s in trouble,I always try to 　　　”可知,Kon总是会想要帮助处于困境中的人们,所以此处表示年长女士在Kon的心中种下了善良的种子。故选D项。  13.C　根据下文“He hopes to provide housing and social support for people 　　　on the streets—an idea partly inspired by his unsung 　　　.”可知,此处表示当看到处于困境中的人们,Kon总是努力提供帮助。故选C项。  14.D　根据下文“on the streets”以及语境可知,此处表示为无家可归、生活在大街上的人们提供帮助。故选D项。 15.A　根据上文语境可知,此处指帮助Kon的无名英雄,即那位在他心里种下了善良种子的年长女士。故选A项。 Ⅶ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙克尔顿南极探险的故事。 1.explorers　“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”形式意为“最……之一”,此处需用名词复数explorers。故填explorers。 2.seeing　介词after后,see需用动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填seeing。 3.led　分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语expedition与lead之间为被动关系,所以此处需用lead的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填led。 4.application　根据his可知,此处需填名词application作主语,且为不可数名词。故填application。 5.was discovered　根据句中时态可知,此处用一般过去时。主语he为单数,与谓语动词discover之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was discovered。 6.smoothly　分析句子结构可知,此处需用副词smoothly作状语,修饰动词go。故填smoothly。 7.to abandon　分析句子结构可知,此处名词order后需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to abandon。 8.a　party为可数名词,此处是泛指,boat以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 9.and　分析句子结构可知,warm beds、good food以及the care of their family之间为并列关系,所以用并列连词and。故填and。 10.from　save sb from sth为固定搭配,意为“将某人从某事中拯救出来”。故填from。 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $