精品解析：2026年辽宁省大连市初中学业水平考试模拟考试（一）英语试卷

2026年大连市初中学业水平考试模拟考试（一） 英语试卷 （本试卷共45小题 满分90分 考试时长90分钟） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分；满分40分） 第一节 阅读下面语言材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hospital Charity Event Help us support a hospital charity! Our school is supporting a hospital charity for the people who cannot afford hygiene (卫生) products. Donation Time: May 15th-May 30th, 2026 Donation Package: There should be four things in a package (包裹) we would like you to bring in: a roll of toilet paper a bar of soap a box of cleaning wipes a box of tissues You can bring more packages if you wish. Reward (奖励) Rules: Each package will be rewarded with one credit (积分). All credits will be added up for each class. The class with the most credits will win a class party. Winner Announcement (宣布): June 2nd, 2026 Join us! Small acts of kindness make big changes! 1. When will the donation start? A. On May 15th. B. On May 20th. C. On May 30th. D. On June 2nd. 2. A donation package should have ________. a. a roll of toilet paper b. a bar of soap c. a box of cleaning wipes d. a box of tissues A. a B. ab C. bcd D. abcd 3. If Lucy donates three packages, she will be rewarded with ________. A. three credits B. a class party C. a schoolbag D. hygiene products 4. We can most probably read the text from ________. A. a student’s diary B. a story book C. a school noticeboard D. a health report B Are you tired of doing chores? Imagine a life without washing clothes or carrying heavy bags. That life is here with NEO, a smart housekeeper. NEO is the first “humanoid (类人的)” robot for home use. NEO is made to fit into your house. It looks just like a human—it stands 1.6 meters tall and is shaped like a person. It can work with you like a friend. NEO is smart and helpful. It can clean surfaces and do most of the housework. It can even make simple conversations with guests at the door. NEO uses AI to understand voice commands (指令). You can also schedule (安排) its tasks through an app. The robot weighs only 30 kilograms. Although it’s light, it is very strong. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still. While walking, it can easily carry 25 kilograms. You might think such a strong machine would be loud. But NEO is different. It makes only 22 decibels (分贝) of sound. This is as quiet as a fridge. It has a soft body and smart sensors (传感器), so you can trust it with children and pets. Of course, such smart technology is expensive. The price is now $20,000. However, users can choose to pay $499 each month. The robot will enter the market in the U.S. in 2026. Although the price is high, this invention could change lives for the elderly or busy families. It is a big step toward a smarter, easier world. 5. What is NEO made for? A. Office work. B. Home use. C. School teaching. D. Shop service. 6. According to the text, how can people use NEO? A. Through body language. B. By touching its soft body and sensors. C. By putting a note on the door. D. Through voice commands or an app. 7. Which of the following is TRUE about NEO? A. It is light but strong. B. It makes no sound. C. It’s unsafe for children. D. It costs very little. 8. What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce NEO—a housekeeper of the future. B. To tell people NEO may replace their jobs. C. To call on more people to develop NEO. D. To suggest people use NEO wisely. C It was getting dark, and Dad hadn’t come home yet. He spent all day cleaning pools. Dad once told me cleaning pools felt like doing magic. It was like being a magician, turning the water from cloudy to clear. Recently, though, it didn’t seem like Dad saw a lot of magic anywhere. One day, he came home and told us he had lost many customers because of the economic (经济上的) downturn. I could tell he was worried when he came home each night. Yesterday, my brother and I were playing basketball. Then, Dad’s old car arrived. It was earlier than usual. “Hey, guys!” Dad said as he got out. He couldn’t hide the worry in his eyes. “Want to shoot a few hoops, Dad?” I asked, knowing how much he loved basketball and thinking maybe it might cheer him up. “Sure,” he said, opening his eyes and smiling a weary (疲惫的) smile. My brother passed the ball to him, and Dad caught it. He threw the ball toward the basket. It looked funny. Each time he held the ball in both hands between his knees, bent his legs slightly, and looked up at the basket. It looked like he was a chicken getting ready to lay an egg. Then he swung (摆动) the ball forward and back before dropping straight into the basket. “Whoa, what a shot (投篮)!” Dad said. He did a little victory dance, and smiled in a way that I hadn’t seen in a long time. It was nice to see Dad smiling again, as if the time he spent shooting baskets with us brought back his ability to laugh a little. When he was happy, it felt like everything fit into place. 9. What problem did Dad meet recently? A. His old car broke down. B. He lost interest in cleaning pools. C. His business was not doing well. D. He couldn’t improve cleaning skills. 10. The writer asked Dad to shoot a few hoops because ________. A. he wanted Dad to keep fit B. he knew Dad loved basketball C. he hoped to practice basketball with Dad D. he liked watching Dad’s funny movements 11. How did Dad feel after he made the shot? A. Shy. B. Nervous. C. Tired. D. Relaxed. 12. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Fathers should set a good example to children. B. Family care can cheer up people in trouble. C. It’s better not to share worries with family. D. True happiness comes from doing sports. D ①To fly high into space, Chinese astronauts are practicing their skills by going underground. ②This past winter, a cave in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, held China’s first astronaut cave-training program, reported Xinhua. The astronauts were put into four groups. Each group stayed in the cave for six days and five nights, working on tasks like scientific research and life support. ③Caves are similar to space in many ways. For example, astronauts are cut off from the outside world and have little room to move. These conditions can be copied at usual training grounds, but a natural cave offers the best experience, said Beijing Daily. ④Cold (only about 8℃) and wet, the cave is full of narrow passages (通道) and steep (陡峭的) walls. With falling stones and the risk of getting lost, astronauts face sudden physical dangers, which train them to stay calm and think fast. ⑤The training also makes astronauts stronger in mind. Jiang Yuan, who helped train the astronauts, shared the stress she felt when she tried the program herself. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “My movements slowed and my memory got fuzzy—once I checked the rope three times but I still couldn’t remember if I had already tied it.” Astronaut Zhu Yangzhu pointed out the strange silence, just like in space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN. ⑥The European Space Agency (ESA) began developing cave training in 2005. “Compared to the European training, our support team got in the way as little as possible,” Ye Guangfu, one of the astronauts in the Chongqing program, told Xinhua. “This lets astronauts trust themselves and solve problems on their own.” 13. What’s Paragraph ③ mainly about? A. Differences between caves and space. B. Challenges of the cave training. C. Reasons for choosing caves for training. D. Ways of training in the natural cave. 14. What does the underlined word “fuzzy” mean in English? A. Unclear. B. Strong. C. Quick. D. Fresh. 15. Compared to the European training, China’s cave training ________. A. has a much longer history B. depends less on the support team C. offers better working conditions D. focuses more on scientific research 16. What can be the best title for the text? A. Finding fun in natural caves B. China’s first space-training program C. Cave training for flying high D. An unforgettable cave-training experience 第二节 阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Pickleball: A sour name, a sweet game Move over, basketball! Step aside, tennis! There is a popular sport taking over many countries around the world, and its name is pickleball. Does it have anything to do with real pickles (酸黄瓜)? Not at all! The game is surprisingly fun. ____17____ Three dads noticed that their kids were bored during the summer. To help them, the dads invented a new game in their backyard. Today, pickleball as a simple backyard game is loved by people of all ages. Even your grandma can become a pro! ____18____ It uses a court (场地) like badminton, a net like tennis, and paddles (球拍) that look like giant ping-pong bats. The ball is made of plastic and has holes. How do you play? First, you serve the ball underhand—hitting the ball from below your waist (腰). ____19____ The ball must bounce (弹回) once on each side before players hit it in the air. There is also a special area near the net called the “Kitchen.” You cannot stand inside it unless the ball bounces there first. Now, many schools have added pickleball to gym classes. Do you want to try it? ____20____ You will see why a game with a “sour” name is actually sweet! A. Take a paddle and find a court. B. Next is the “two-bounce’ rule”. C. Pickleball can help kids become stronger. D. The game is a clever mix of three sports. E. Pickleball has a history dating back to 1965. 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A little late? Big mistake! Raheel was a smart and hardworking student, but he had a bad habit of being late. This ____21____ caused him to lose parts of his classes, making his homework difficult to finish. He didn’t think it was a ____22____, though. Being late also influenced his ____23____. When his best friend invited him to his birthday party, Raheel showed up late and ____24____ the cake-cutting and some fun games. His friend was ____25____ and stopped talking to him for a while. One day, Raheel wanted to join a singing competition in his neighborhood. He had an amazing voice, and he was pleased when he made it to the final round. His family and friends were excited and really hoped he would ____26____. On the day of the competition, Raheel was full of ____27____. He dressed up nicely, had a good breakfast and practiced his song. Before leaving, he even decided to play a quick game on his computer. He kept ____28____ his mom, “Just five more minutes!” But those minutes quickly turned into more. By the time they arrived, they were 10 minutes late. Raheel wasn’t allowed to ____29____ because all participants (参赛者) had to be seated 15 minutes before the competition began. Raheel had no choice but to leave, feeling sad. This experience taught him a valuable lesson: Being on time is really _____30_____. If you can’t make it, you might miss out on amazing opportunities (机会). 21. A. often B. seldom C. hardly D. never 22. A. chance B. test C. goal D. mistake 23. A. grades B. plans C. competitions D. friendships 24. A. avoided B. missed C. enjoyed D. forgot 25. A. lonely B. disappointed C. rude D. busy 26. A. win B. return C. agree D. change 27. A. love B. stress C. confidence D. fear 28. A. warning B. helping C. encouraging D. telling 29. A. stand B. enter C. speak D. leave 30. A. impossible B. easy C. important D. useless 第二部分 非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯｡ Unboxing the takeout history Today, food delivery (外卖) is an important part of our daily lives. But did you know it ____31____ (start) a long time ago? Expert Hou Yingguo says dining services like today’s food delivery began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC—AD 220). But the term (术语) “food delivery” ____32____ (use) in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) for the first time. At first, food delivery was ____33____ special way to serve important people. But later, it became popular among everyone. In the Song Dynasty, China’s food takeout business reached a golden age. The book A dream of splendor (《东京梦华录》) says that there was a lot of food in Bianjing (today’s Kaifeng in Henan). People often bought ready-made meals from local ____34____ (shop) instead of cooking. Without phones, ordering was ____35____ (hard) than today. They had to visit a restaurant in person ____36____ send someone to make the order, and then tell the restaurant when and where they wanted the food. Finally, the restaurant would bring it to them. The delivery person was called Xianhan. People wanted ____37____ (they) food to be warm and tasty. They didn’t have our modern technology, but ____38____ (lucky) they were very clever! In the Song Dynasty, they had a special dish called Wenpan. It was like two plates put together with space ____39____ the middle. They would pour hot water into that space _____40_____ (keep) the food on top warm. The wisdom of ancient people still amazes us today. Great ideas don’t always need high technology, do they? 四、阅读与表达（共4小题，1~3小题，每小题2分，4小题4分；满分10分） 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 The Secret to Staying Young Dolphins are smart, playful, and energetic animals. You can often see them racing each other and jumping out of the water. Why are dolphins always so full of energy? New research may have found the answer: friendship! Dolphins live in groups called pods. A pod varies in size. It can be small—just two dolphins—or huge, with up to 1,000 members. But a pod is not simply a group of dolphins; it is a small society. Within that society, dolphins form friendships, much like humans do. Scientists recently studied a pod of bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia. They focused on 38 male (雄性的) dolphins whose chronological ages (实际年龄) they already knew. They collected their skin tissues (皮肤组织) to study their DNA and estimate (估算) their biological age. The result was surprising: Male dolphins with more close friends aged more slowly. This means two dolphins could be the same age, but the one with stronger friendships had a “younger” body. Why might friendship help? Researchers think having close friends may lower stress. When dolphins stay with friends, they feel relaxed instead of worried. Friends can also team up to find food and stay safe from predators (捕食者). For dolphins, friendship is not just fun; it is the key to living well. Comments (评论) Coco Dolphins are such amazing animals! How lovely that they build deep friendships just like we do! Mia Dolphins are reminding us of something: Good friends can help us stay strong, inside and out. BlueBub Dolphins are truly smart and warm animals! 41. How do dolphins live? ______________________________ 42. What surprising result did the scientists find? ______________________________ 43. According to the researchers, why might friendship help dolphins? ______________________________ 44. Do you agree with Mia’s comment? Please give an example from your own life. Write 30 words or more. ______________________________ 五、书面表达（满分20分） 45. 假如你是李辉，你的英国笔友Henry发来邮件。他所在的学校将举办一场环保主题的演讲比赛。Henry很想参加，但因担心不能获奖而犹豫不决。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： （1）理解他的感受； （2）鼓励参赛并给出理由； （3）表达美好祝愿。 注意： （1）词数80~100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）邮件中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Henry, Very happy to receive your email! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hui 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年大连市初中学业水平考试模拟考试（一） 英语试卷 （本试卷共45小题 满分90分 考试时长90分钟） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分；满分40分） 第一节 阅读下面语言材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hospital Charity Event Help us support a hospital charity! Our school is supporting a hospital charity for the people who cannot afford hygiene (卫生) products. Donation Time: May 15th-May 30th, 2026 Donation Package: There should be four things in a package (包裹) we would like you to bring in: a roll of toilet paper a bar of soap a box of cleaning wipes a box of tissues You can bring more packages if you wish. Reward (奖励) Rules: Each package will be rewarded with one credit (积分). All credits will be added up for each class. The class with the most credits will win a class party. Winner Announcement (宣布): June 2nd, 2026 Join us! Small acts of kindness make big changes! 1. When will the donation start? A. On May 15th. B. On May 20th. C. On May 30th. D. On June 2nd. 2. A donation package should have ________. a. a roll of toilet paper b. a bar of soap c. a box of cleaning wipes d. a box of tissues A. a B. ab C. bcd D. abcd 3. If Lucy donates three packages, she will be rewarded with ________. A. three credits B. a class party C. a schoolbag D. hygiene products 4. We can most probably read the text from ________. A. a student’s diary B. a story book C. a school noticeboard D. a health report 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了学校为医院慈善机构组织的卫生用品捐赠活动的时间、物品要求、奖励规则等信息。 【1题详解】 文章捐赠信息部分“Donation Time: May 15th-May 30th, 2026”指出，捐赠活动在5月15日开始。 【2题详解】 文章捐赠物品部分“a roll of toilet paper”、“a bar of soap”、“a box of cleaning wipes”和“a box of tissues”指出，一个捐赠包裹应包含这四样物品。 【3题详解】 文章奖励规则部分“Each package will be rewarded with one credit”指出，露西捐赠三个包裹可以获得三个积分。 【4题详解】 文章内容是学校组织的慈善捐赠通知，最有可能在学校公告栏看到。 B Are you tired of doing chores? Imagine a life without washing clothes or carrying heavy bags. That life is here with NEO, a smart housekeeper. NEO is the first “humanoid (类人的)” robot for home use. NEO is made to fit into your house. It looks just like a human—it stands 1.6 meters tall and is shaped like a person. It can work with you like a friend. NEO is smart and helpful. It can clean surfaces and do most of the housework. It can even make simple conversations with guests at the door. NEO uses AI to understand voice commands (指令). You can also schedule (安排) its tasks through an app. The robot weighs only 30 kilograms. Although it’s light, it is very strong. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still. While walking, it can easily carry 25 kilograms. You might think such a strong machine would be loud. But NEO is different. It makes only 22 decibels (分贝) of sound. This is as quiet as a fridge. It has a soft body and smart sensors (传感器), so you can trust it with children and pets. Of course, such smart technology is expensive. The price is now $20,000. However, users can choose to pay $499 each month. The robot will enter the market in the U.S. in 2026. Although the price is high, this invention could change lives for the elderly or busy families. It is a big step toward a smarter, easier world. 5. What is NEO made for? A. Office work. B. Home use. C. School teaching. D. Shop service. 6. According to the text, how can people use NEO? A. Through body language. B. By touching its soft body and sensors. C. By putting a note on the door. D. Through voice commands or an app. 7. Which of the following is TRUE about NEO? A. It is light but strong. B. It makes no sound. C. It’s unsafe for children. D. It costs very little. 8. What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce NEO—a housekeeper of the future. B. To tell people NEO may replace their jobs. C. To call on more people to develop NEO. D. To suggest people use NEO wisely. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了家用类人机器人NEO的外形、能力、特点、价格及对未来生活的意义。 【5题详解】 文章第一段第三句、第四句“That life is here with NEO, a smart housekeeper. NEO is the first ‘humanoid’ robot for home use.”指出，NEO是为家庭使用而制造的。 【6题详解】 文章第二段最后两句“NEO uses AI to understand voice commands. You can also schedule its tasks through an app.”指出，人们可以通过语音指令或应用程序使用NEO。 【7题详解】 文章第三段第一句、第二句“The robot weighs only 30 kilograms. Although it’s light, it is very strong.”指出，NEO很轻但很强壮。 【8题详解】 文章全文介绍了NEO这一家用智能机器人的外观、功能、使用方法、噪音水平、价格及市场前景，目的是向读者介绍这一未来的家务助手。 C It was getting dark, and Dad hadn’t come home yet. He spent all day cleaning pools. Dad once told me cleaning pools felt like doing magic. It was like being a magician, turning the water from cloudy to clear. Recently, though, it didn’t seem like Dad saw a lot of magic anywhere. One day, he came home and told us he had lost many customers because of the economic (经济上的) downturn. I could tell he was worried when he came home each night. Yesterday, my brother and I were playing basketball. Then, Dad’s old car arrived. It was earlier than usual. “Hey, guys!” Dad said as he got out. He couldn’t hide the worry in his eyes. “Want to shoot a few hoops, Dad?” I asked, knowing how much he loved basketball and thinking maybe it might cheer him up. “Sure,” he said, opening his eyes and smiling a weary (疲惫的) smile. My brother passed the ball to him, and Dad caught it. He threw the ball toward the basket. It looked funny. Each time he held the ball in both hands between his knees, bent his legs slightly, and looked up at the basket. It looked like he was a chicken getting ready to lay an egg. Then he swung (摆动) the ball forward and back before dropping straight into the basket. “Whoa, what a shot (投篮)!” Dad said. He did a little victory dance, and smiled in a way that I hadn’t seen in a long time. It was nice to see Dad smiling again, as if the time he spent shooting baskets with us brought back his ability to laugh a little. When he was happy, it felt like everything fit into place. 9. What problem did Dad meet recently? A. His old car broke down. B. He lost interest in cleaning pools. C. His business was not doing well. D. He couldn’t improve cleaning skills. 10. The writer asked Dad to shoot a few hoops because ________. A. he wanted Dad to keep fit B. he knew Dad loved basketball C. he hoped to practice basketball with Dad D. he liked watching Dad’s funny movements 11. How did Dad feel after he made the shot? A. Shy. B. Nervous. C. Tired. D. Relaxed. 12. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Fathers should set a good example to children. B. Family care can cheer up people in trouble. C. It’s better not to share worries with family. D. True happiness comes from doing sports. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了爸爸因生意不佳心情低落，作者邀请他一起打篮球，让爸爸重新找回笑容的温暖故事。 【9题详解】 文章第二段第四句“One day, he came home and told us he had lost many customers because of the economic downturn.”指出，爸爸最近遇到的问题是生意不好。 【10题详解】 文章第五段“‘Want to shoot a few hoops, Dad?’ I asked, knowing how much he loved basketball and thinking maybe it might cheer him up.”指出，作者邀请父亲投篮是因为他知道父亲热爱篮球，并希望这能让他高兴起来。 【11题详解】 文章第七段最后两句“‘Whoa, what a shot!’ Dad said. He did a little victory dance, and smiled in a way that I hadn’t seen in a long time.”指出，爸爸投进球后感到放松、开心。 【12题详解】 全文讲述了父亲因生意困难而忧虑，儿子通过陪伴父亲做他喜欢的事情（打篮球），让父亲重新露出笑容。故事主要告诉我们家人的关爱可以让身处困境的人振作起来。 D ①To fly high into space, Chinese astronauts are practicing their skills by going underground. ②This past winter, a cave in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, held China’s first astronaut cave-training program, reported Xinhua. The astronauts were put into four groups. Each group stayed in the cave for six days and five nights, working on tasks like scientific research and life support. ③Caves are similar to space in many ways. For example, astronauts are cut off from the outside world and have little room to move. These conditions can be copied at usual training grounds, but a natural cave offers the best experience, said Beijing Daily. ④Cold (only about 8℃) and wet, the cave is full of narrow passages (通道) and steep (陡峭的) walls. With falling stones and the risk of getting lost, astronauts face sudden physical dangers, which train them to stay calm and think fast. ⑤The training also makes astronauts stronger in mind. Jiang Yuan, who helped train the astronauts, shared the stress she felt when she tried the program herself. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “My movements slowed and my memory got fuzzy—once I checked the rope three times but I still couldn’t remember if I had already tied it.” Astronaut Zhu Yangzhu pointed out the strange silence, just like in space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN. ⑥The European Space Agency (ESA) began developing cave training in 2005. “Compared to the European training, our support team got in the way as little as possible,” Ye Guangfu, one of the astronauts in the Chongqing program, told Xinhua. “This lets astronauts trust themselves and solve problems on their own.” 13. What’s Paragraph ③ mainly about? A. Differences between caves and space. B. Challenges of the cave training. C. Reasons for choosing caves for training. D. Ways of training in the natural cave. 14. What does the underlined word “fuzzy” mean in English? A. Unclear. B. Strong. C. Quick. D. Fresh. 15. Compared to the European training, China’s cave training ________. A. has a much longer history B. depends less on the support team C. offers better working conditions D. focuses more on scientific research 16. What can be the best title for the text? A. Finding fun in natural caves B. China’s first space-training program C. Cave training for flying high D. An unforgettable cave-training experience 【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国首次在重庆武隆洞穴开展的航天员训练项目、训练原因、训练挑战及与欧洲训练的区别。 【13题详解】 文章第三段第一句“Caves are similar to space in many ways.”指出洞穴与太空有许多相似之处，第二句举例说明训练中与世隔绝、空间狭小等条件可以通过常规训练场地复制，但天然洞穴能提供最佳体验，因此本段主要解释选择洞穴进行训练的原因。 【14题详解】 文章第五段第四句“My movements slowed and my memory got fuzzy—once I checked the rope three times but I still couldn’t remember if I had already tied it.”指出，江媛提到黑暗中动作变慢、记不清是否已经系好绳子，说明记忆变得“模糊不清”，fuzzy的意思是“模糊的、不清楚的”。 【15题详解】 文章第六段第二句“Compared to the European training, our support team got in the way as little as possible”指出，与欧洲训练相比，中国的洞穴训练更少依赖保障团队。 【16题详解】 文章第一段“To fly high into space, Chinese astronauts are practicing their skills by going underground.”点明主旨，全文围绕为飞天而进行的洞穴训练展开，最佳标题是“Cave training for flying high”。 第二节 阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Pickleball: A sour name, a sweet game Move over, basketball! Step aside, tennis! There is a popular sport taking over many countries around the world, and its name is pickleball. Does it have anything to do with real pickles (酸黄瓜)? Not at all! The game is surprisingly fun. ____17____ Three dads noticed that their kids were bored during the summer. To help them, the dads invented a new game in their backyard. Today, pickleball as a simple backyard game is loved by people of all ages. Even your grandma can become a pro! ____18____ It uses a court (场地) like badminton, a net like tennis, and paddles (球拍) that look like giant ping-pong bats. The ball is made of plastic and has holes. How do you play? First, you serve the ball underhand—hitting the ball from below your waist (腰). ____19____ The ball must bounce (弹回) once on each side before players hit it in the air. There is also a special area near the net called the “Kitchen.” You cannot stand inside it unless the ball bounces there first. Now, many schools have added pickleball to gym classes. Do you want to try it? ____20____ You will see why a game with a “sour” name is actually sweet! A. Take a paddle and find a court. B. Next is the “two-bounce’ rule”. C. Pickleball can help kids become stronger. D. The game is a clever mix of three sports. E. Pickleball has a history dating back to 1965. 【答案】17. E 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了匹克球的起源、运动特点、比赛规则以及如今的流行情况。 【17题详解】 后文讲述了匹克球被发明的故事，E项“Pickleball has a history dating back to 1965.”引出这项运动的历史起源，衔接自然。 【18题详解】 后文介绍它融合了羽毛球、网球、乒乓球的特点，D项“The game is a clever mix of three sports.”总起本段，衔接自然。 【19题详解】 前文讲发球规则，后文讲球必须各弹一次，B项“Next is the ‘two-bounce’ rule’.”引出下一条规则，衔接自然。 【20题详解】 前文问是否想尝试，后文鼓励体验，A项“Take a paddle and find a court.”给出具体行动建议，衔接自然。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A little late? Big mistake! Raheel was a smart and hardworking student, but he had a bad habit of being late. This ____21____ caused him to lose parts of his classes, making his homework difficult to finish. He didn’t think it was a ____22____, though. Being late also influenced his ____23____. When his best friend invited him to his birthday party, Raheel showed up late and ____24____ the cake-cutting and some fun games. His friend was ____25____ and stopped talking to him for a while. One day, Raheel wanted to join a singing competition in his neighborhood. He had an amazing voice, and he was pleased when he made it to the final round. His family and friends were excited and really hoped he would ____26____. On the day of the competition, Raheel was full of ____27____. He dressed up nicely, had a good breakfast and practiced his song. Before leaving, he even decided to play a quick game on his computer. He kept ____28____ his mom, “Just five more minutes!” But those minutes quickly turned into more. By the time they arrived, they were 10 minutes late. Raheel wasn’t allowed to ____29____ because all participants (参赛者) had to be seated 15 minutes before the competition began. Raheel had no choice but to leave, feeling sad. This experience taught him a valuable lesson: Being on time is really _____30_____. If you can’t make it, you might miss out on amazing opportunities (机会). 21. A. often B. seldom C. hardly D. never 22. A. chance B. test C. goal D. mistake 23. A. grades B. plans C. competitions D. friendships 24. A. avoided B. missed C. enjoyed D. forgot 25. A. lonely B. disappointed C. rude D. busy 26. A. win B. return C. agree D. change 27. A. love B. stress C. confidence D. fear 28. A. warning B. helping C. encouraging D. telling 29. A. stand B. enter C. speak D. leave 30. A. impossible B. easy C. important D. useless 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了聪明勤奋但爱迟到的学生Raheel，因迟到错过朋友生日聚会重要环节，又因迟到错失歌唱比赛决赛机会，最终明白守时非常重要的故事。 【21题详解】 句意：这经常导致他错过部分课程，使他的作业难以完成。 根据前文“he had a bad habit of being late”可知，他频繁迟到。often表示“经常”，符合语境；seldom很少，hardly几乎不，never从不，均与文意相反。 【22题详解】 句意：不过他不认为这是个错误。 根据标题“Big mistake!”和他迟到的坏习惯可知，此处指错误。mistake表示“错误”，符合语境；chance机会，test测试，goal目标，均不符合。 【23题详解】 句意：迟到也影响了他的友谊。 根据后文“his best friend invited him to his birthday party”可知，迟到影响了和朋友的关系。friendships表示“友谊”，符合语境；grades成绩，plans计划，competitions比赛，均不符合。 【24题详解】 句意：Raheel迟到了，错过了切蛋糕和一些有趣的游戏。 因为迟到所以没能参与活动。missed表示“错过”，符合语境；avoided避免，enjoyed享受，forgot忘记，均不符合。 【25题详解】 句意：他的朋友很失望，有一段时间不和他说话。 根据前文Raheel迟到并错过活动，以及朋友“stopped talking to him”可知，朋友的情绪应是失望的。disappointed表示“失望的”，符合语境；lonely孤独的，rude粗鲁的，busy忙碌的，均不符合情绪。 【26题详解】 句意：他的家人和朋友很兴奋，非常希望他能赢。 根据前文他进入了歌唱比赛的决赛，且“had an amazing voice”可知，家人和朋友希望他获胜。win表示“赢”，符合语境；return返回，agree同意，change改变，均不符合。 【27题详解】 句意：比赛那天，Raheel充满信心。 他准备充分，所以对比赛有把握。confidence表示“信心”，符合语境；love爱，stress压力，fear恐惧，均不符合状态。 【28题详解】 句意：他一直告诉妈妈：“就再玩五分钟！” 根据后文他说的“Just five more minutes!”可知，他是在对妈妈说话。telling表示“告诉”，符合孩子拖延出发的对话场景；warning警告，helping帮助，encouraging鼓励，均不符合。 【29题详解】 句意：Raheel不被允许进入，因为所有参赛者必须在比赛开始前15分钟入座。 根据后文“all participants had to be seated 15 minutes before”可知，迟到的他不能进入比赛场地。enter表示“进入”，符合语境；stand站立，speak说话，leave离开，均不符合。 【30题详解】 句意：这次经历给了他一个宝贵的教训：守时真的很重要。 全文围绕迟到的教训展开，强调守时的重要性。important表示“重要的”，符合语境；impossible不可能的，easy容易的，useless无用的，均不符合主题。 第二部分 非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯｡ Unboxing the takeout history Today, food delivery (外卖) is an important part of our daily lives. But did you know it ____31____ (start) a long time ago? Expert Hou Yingguo says dining services like today’s food delivery began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC—AD 220). But the term (术语) “food delivery” ____32____ (use) in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) for the first time. At first, food delivery was ____33____ special way to serve important people. But later, it became popular among everyone. In the Song Dynasty, China’s food takeout business reached a golden age. The book A dream of splendor (《东京梦华录》) says that there was a lot of food in Bianjing (today’s Kaifeng in Henan). People often bought ready-made meals from local ____34____ (shop) instead of cooking. Without phones, ordering was ____35____ (hard) than today. They had to visit a restaurant in person ____36____ send someone to make the order, and then tell the restaurant when and where they wanted the food. Finally, the restaurant would bring it to them. The delivery person was called Xianhan. People wanted ____37____ (they) food to be warm and tasty. They didn’t have our modern technology, but ____38____ (lucky) they were very clever! In the Song Dynasty, they had a special dish called Wenpan. It was like two plates put together with space ____39____ the middle. They would pour hot water into that space _____40_____ (keep) the food on top warm. The wisdom of ancient people still amazes us today. Great ideas don’t always need high technology, do they? 【答案】31. started 32. was used 33. a 34. shops 35. harder 36. or 37. their 38. luckily 39. in 40. to keep 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外卖的历史，从汉朝开始出现餐饮服务，到宋朝首次使用“外卖”一词并达到黄金时代，以及古人如何在没有现代技术的情况下保持食物温度。 【31题详解】 句意：但是你知道它在很久以前就开始了吗？根据时间状语“a long time ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，start的过去式为started，意为“开始”。 【32题详解】 句意：但是“外卖”这个术语在宋代首次被使用。主语“The term ‘food delivery’”与动词“use”之间为被动关系，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，use的过去分词为used，主语the term为单数，用was used，意为“被使用”。 【33题详解】 句意：起初，外卖是一种招待重要人物的特殊方式。此处表示泛指“一种方式”，special以辅音音素开头，因此填不定冠词a。 【34题详解】 句意：人们经常从当地商店购买现成的饭菜而不是做饭。shop为可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式shops，意为“商店”。 【35题详解】 句意：没有电话，点餐比今天更难。than是比较级的标志，hard的比较级为harder，意为“更难的”。 【36题详解】 句意：他们必须亲自去餐馆或者派人去点餐。“visit a restaurant in person”与“send someone to make the order”之间为选择关系，应用连词or连接，意为“或者”。 【37题详解】 句意：人们想要他们的食物温热美味。修饰名词food要用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their，意为“他们的”。 【38题详解】 句意：他们没有我们的现代技术，但幸运的是他们非常聪明。修饰整个句子用副词，lucky的副词形式为luckily，意为“幸运地”。 【39题详解】 句意：它就像两个盘子叠在一起，中间有空隙。in the middle为固定搭配，意为“在中间”。 【40题详解】 句意：他们会把热水倒进那个空隙里来保持上面的食物温热。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示倒入热水的目的，to keep意为“保持”。 四、阅读与表达（共4小题，1~3小题，每小题2分，4小题4分；满分10分） 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 The Secret to Staying Young Dolphins are smart, playful, and energetic animals. You can often see them racing each other and jumping out of the water. Why are dolphins always so full of energy? New research may have found the answer: friendship! Dolphins live in groups called pods. A pod varies in size. It can be small—just two dolphins—or huge, with up to 1,000 members. But a pod is not simply a group of dolphins; it is a small society. Within that society, dolphins form friendships, much like humans do. Scientists recently studied a pod of bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia. They focused on 38 male (雄性的) dolphins whose chronological ages (实际年龄) they already knew. They collected their skin tissues (皮肤组织) to study their DNA and estimate (估算) their biological age. The result was surprising: Male dolphins with more close friends aged more slowly. This means two dolphins could be the same age, but the one with stronger friendships had a “younger” body. Why might friendship help? Researchers think having close friends may lower stress. When dolphins stay with friends, they feel relaxed instead of worried. Friends can also team up to find food and stay safe from predators (捕食者). For dolphins, friendship is not just fun; it is the key to living well. Comments (评论) Coco Dolphins are such amazing animals! How lovely that they build deep friendships just like we do! Mia Dolphins are reminding us of something: Good friends can help us stay strong, inside and out. BlueBub Dolphins are truly smart and warm animals! 41. How do dolphins live? ______________________________ 42. What surprising result did the scientists find? ______________________________ 43. According to the researchers, why might friendship help dolphins? ______________________________ 44. Do you agree with Mia’s comment? Please give an example from your own life. Write 30 words or more. ______________________________ 【答案】41. They live in groups called pods. 42. Male dolphins with more close friends aged more slowly. 43. It may help them lower stress, find food and stay safe. 44. One Possible Version: Yes. When I started running the 800 meters, I always finished last. My friend Lucy didn’t laugh at me but ran along with me every day. With her help, I became confident and passed the PE test finally. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海豚如何通过建立友谊来保持活力和延缓衰老，以及科学家对此的研究发现。 【41题详解】 文章第二段第一句“Dolphins live in groups called pods.”指出，海豚以群体形式生活，这种群体被称为pods。因此答案是原文直接信息。 【42题详解】 文章第三段倒数第二句“Male dolphins with more close friends aged more slowly.”指出，科学家的惊人发现是：有更多亲密朋友的雄性海豚衰老得更慢。因此答案是原文直接信息。 【43题详解】 文章第四段第二、三、四句“Researchers think having close friends may lower stress. When dolphins stay with friends, they feel relaxed instead of worried. Friends can also team up to find food and stay safe from predators.”指出，友谊可以帮助海豚减轻压力、找到食物并保持安全。因此答案是对原文信息的概括总结。 【44题详解】 本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于Mia的评论“Good friends can help us stay strong, inside and out”。结合自己的生活经历，合理阐述朋友如何帮助自己变强，注意字数要求即可。 五、书面表达（满分20分） 45. 假如你是李辉，你的英国笔友Henry发来邮件。他所在的学校将举办一场环保主题的演讲比赛。Henry很想参加，但因担心不能获奖而犹豫不决。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： （1）理解他的感受； （2）鼓励参赛并给出理由； （3）表达美好祝愿。 注意： （1）词数80~100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）邮件中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Henry, Very happy to receive your email! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hui 【答案】例文 Dear Henry, Very happy to receive your email! I know you can’t decide whether to enter the competition because you’re worried about the result. That’s OK. It’s natural to feel that way. But why not give it a try? Through the speech, you can share your ideas on protecting the environment with more students. More importantly, it’ll be a good chance to improve your speaking skills and build your confidence. Even if the result isn’t as good as you expect, you’ll still get valuable experience. Just do it! I truly hope you’ll enjoy the experience and learn a lot from it. Yours, Li Hui 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 明确文体：应用文（电子邮件），以一般现在时、一般将来时为主 明确要点：收到邮件并理解对方参赛的顾虑，劝说对方大胆尝试演讲比赛，说明参赛的诸多益处并给予鼓励 确定人称：第一人称，第二人称 注意事项：书信格式规范完整，语气委婉友善，劝说理由条理清晰，时态使用恰当。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：回复邮件，理解Henry纠结是否参赛、担心结果的心情 主体段：建议勇敢尝试参赛，阐述比赛能分享环保观点、提升口语、树立自信、积累经验等好处 结尾段：给予鼓励，祝愿对方享受过程、有所收获 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：回复邮件并理解对方心情：receive your email/decide whether to enter the competition/worry about the result/feel that way/get your message/take part in the contest/feel worried/have such feelings等 要点二：劝说参赛并说明益处：give it a try/share ideas/protect the environment/improve speaking skills/build confidence/get valuable experience/have a shot/express opinions/develop ability/become more confident/gain useful experience等 要点三：表达鼓励与美好祝愿：just do it/enjoy the experience/learn a lot from it/have a try/treasure the process/gain much progress等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $