Unit 8 Making a Difference知识点总结及练习2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Making a Difference”单元内容，涵盖志愿服务类核心词汇、语法要点、重点句型及专项练习，搭建了从“词汇分类记忆”到“语法情境应用”再到“句型综合运用”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“类别化词汇梳理”“情境化语法讲解”和“递进式练习设计”构建知识体系，如核心词汇按志愿服务及善意相关等类别标注必考点和易错点，语法结合志愿场景设计例句，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。专项练习分层次且配套答案，不同学生可高效学习，教师能据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 8 Making a Difference 知识点总结 一、单元核心知识点梳理 （一）核心词汇（按类别梳理，必考点） 1. 志愿服务及善意相关（核心必记） volunteer (v./n.) 自愿做；志愿者 → volunteer (n.) 志愿者；donate (v.) 捐赠 → donation (n.) 捐赠物；encourage (v.) 鼓励 → encouragement (n.) 鼓励；organize (v.) 组织 → organization (n.) 组织；cheer (v./n.) 使高兴；欢呼；raise (v.) 筹集；举起；proud (adj.) 自豪的 → proudly (adv.) 自豪地；realize (v.) 意识到；effort (n.) 努力；kindness (n.) 善意 2. 动作及状态相关 prepare (v.) 准备；present (v.) 展示；share (v.) 分享；discuss (v.) 讨论；guide (v.) 指导；communicate (v.) 交流；help (v./n.) 帮助；improve (v.) 提高；develop (v.) 培养；continue (v.) 继续 3. 动词短语（必考点，贴合志愿场景） volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；volunteer in + 地点 在某地做志愿者；donate sth. to sb./sp. 把某物捐赠给某人/某地；encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；organize sth. 组织某物/活动；cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来；raise money for sb. 为某人筹集资金；be proud of sb./sth. 为某人/某物感到自豪；realize the importance of 意识到……的重要性；make a difference 产生影响；make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事；share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 4. 形容词及副词（易错点） meaningful (adj.) 有意义的；kind (adj.) 善良的 → kindly (adv.) 友善地；patient (adj.) 有耐心的 → patiently (adv.) 耐心地；proud (adj.) 自豪的 → proudly (adv.) 自豪地；helpful (adj.) 有帮助的；smooth (adj.) 顺利的 → smoothly (adv.) 顺利地；active (adj.) 积极的 → actively (adv.) 积极地 （二）核心语法（重点考点，贴合志愿场景） 1. 现在完成时（核心必考） • 用法：本单元重点考查“从过去开始持续到现在的志愿经历”或“过去的善意行为对现在的影响”，常与since（自从）、for（持续……时间）、already（已经）、yet（还；尚未）、ever（曾经）、twice（两次）等标志词连用。 • 结构： 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？（回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.） • 本单元核心动词过去分词（必考）： volunteer → volunteered；donate → donated；encourage → encouraged；organize → organized；cheer → cheered；raise → raised；realize → realized；help → helped；prepare → prepared；discuss → discussed • 例句（贴合志愿场景）： ① I have volunteered in the community for two months.（我已经在社区做了两个月志愿者了。） ② She hasn’t donated her old clothes to the poor yet.（她还没有把旧衣服捐赠给穷人。） ③ —Has he ever organized a charity sale? —Yes, he has.（他曾经组织过慈善义卖吗？是的，组织过。） 2. 定语从句（重点必考） • 用法：用于修饰“志愿服务、善意行为”相关的名词（如volunteer activity, charity sale, homeless people等），补充说明这些名词的特征或相关情况，常与that/which（修饰事物）、who（修饰人）连用。 • 结构：主句 + 定语从句（先行词<志愿类名词/人> + that/which/who + 从句谓语 + 其他） • 例句（贴合志愿场景）： ① This is a volunteer activity that we organized last week.（这是我们上周组织的一场志愿活动。） ② The girl who often helps homeless people is my classmate.（那个经常帮助无家可归者的女孩是我的同学。） 3. 情态动词should/could（表建议与请求，重点） • 用法：用于“提出志愿服务相关建议、请求他人参与志愿活动”，should表“应该”，语气较正式；could表“可以、能够”，语气委婉，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 • 例句（贴合志愿场景）： ① We should volunteer our time to help people in need.（我们应该自愿花时间帮助有需要的人。） ② Could you help me cheer up the sick children in hospital?（你能帮我让医院里生病的孩子开心起来吗？） 4. 介词短语（表方式/目的，重点） • 用法：用于描述志愿服务的方式、手段或目的，常与by（通过……方式）、with（用；以）、for（为了……）连用，贴合单元“传递善意、创造改变”的核心。 • 例句（贴合志愿场景）： ① We can make a difference by doing small kind actions.（我们可以通过做小事来产生影响。） ② We organized a charity sale for the sick children.（我们为生病的孩子组织了一场慈善义卖。） 5. 易错点辨析（贴合本单元） • volunteer (v.) vs. donate (v.)：volunteer侧重“自愿付出时间、精力帮助他人”，常用搭配volunteer to do sth.；donate侧重“捐赠物品、金钱等物资”，常用搭配donate sth. to sb.（如：I volunteer to help old people. 我自愿帮助老人。/ She donates books to poor children. 她给贫困孩子捐赠书籍。） • raise vs. organize：raise侧重“筹集（金钱、物资）”，常用搭配raise money for sb.；organize侧重“组织、筹备活动”，常用搭配organize sth.（如：We raised money for the poor. 我们为穷人筹集资金。/ They organized a volunteer activity. 他们组织了一场志愿活动。） • 现在完成时与一般过去时：现在完成时强调“过去动作对现在的影响”，不与具体过去时间连用；一般过去时强调“过去发生的具体动作”，常与yesterday, last week等具体时间连用（如：I have organized a charity sale. 我组织过一场慈善义卖。/ I organized a charity sale last week. 我上周组织了一场慈善义卖。） • should vs. could：should表“建议”，强调“应该做”，有必要性；could表“建议或请求”，语气委婉，强调“可以做”，更具灵活性（如：You should help others. 你应该帮助别人。/ Could you help others? 你能帮助别人吗？） （三）重点句型（高频考点） 1. 询问志愿经历：—Have you ever volunteered to help people in need? —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.（—你曾经自愿帮助过有需要的人吗？—是的，我帮助过。/ 不，我没有。） 2. 描述志愿活动：This is a volunteer activity that helps homeless people.（这是一场帮助无家可归者的志愿活动。） 3. 提出志愿建议：We should/could + 动词原形 + 其他.（我们应该/可以……。） 4. 表志愿方式：We can help others by doing sth.（我们可以通过做某事来帮助别人。） 5. 表自豪感受：I am proud to do sth. / I am proud of sth.（我为做某事/某物感到自豪。） 6. 表影响与意义：Small kind actions can make a big difference.（小小的善举能产生巨大的影响。） 二、知识点专项练习 （一）词汇类练习 1. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. We should v__________ to help old people in the community after school. 2. My family often d__________ old books to the children in poor areas. 3. Our teacher e__________ us to make a difference with small kind actions. 4. They will o__________ a charity sale to raise money for the sick children next month. 5. We need to r__________ money to help homeless people live a better life. 6. My parents are p__________ of me because I often do volunteer work. 7.I r__________ the importance of helping others when I saw the smile on their faces. 8. Let’s s__________ our volunteer experience with our classmates. 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My brother ________ (volunteer) in the community since last term. 2. She ________ (donate) her old clothes to the poor twice this year. 3. We should ________ (organize) more volunteer activities to help people in need. 4. He ________ (not cheer) up the sick children yet; he will go tomorrow. 5. They ________ (discuss) the volunteer plan in the group meeting yesterday. 6. It ________ (take) our group three days to prepare the charity sale last week. 7. We should be ________ (patient) when we help the old people. 8. She helps others ________ (kind) and everyone likes her. （二）语法类练习 1. 单项选择 1. —______ you ever donated things to the poor? —Yes, I have. It’s meaningful. A. Have B. Do C. Did D. Will 2. This is the volunteer activity __________ we organized last week. A. who B. that C. what D. where 3. We __________ a lot of money for the sick children since last month. A. raise B. raises C. have raised D. will raise 4. —How long __________ you __________ volunteer work in the community? —For three months. A. do; do B. did; do C. have; done D. will; do 5. We __________ cheer up the homeless people; they need our care. A. should B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t 6. —Has she organized a charity sale? —No, she ______. She is planning it now. A. hasn’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. won’t 7. We can help the old people __________ doing housework for them. A. by B. with C. for D. in 8. He __________ his old toys to the children’s home yesterday. A. donate B. donated C. donates D. will donate 2. 句型转换 1. I have volunteered in the community for two months.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ volunteered in the community for two months. 2. This is a volunteer activity that helps homeless people.（改为简单句） This is a volunteer activity ______ ______ homeless people. 3. We should organize a charity sale to raise money.（改为否定句） We ______ ______ organize a charity sale to raise money. 4. They donated old books to the poor children yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they donate to the poor children yesterday? 5. We help others by doing small kind actions.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ we help others? （三）综合运用练习 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我已经在社区做志愿者三个月了。 I ______ ______ a volunteer in the community for three months. 2. 我们应该鼓励更多的同学参与志愿活动。 We should ______ more classmates to ______ ______ ______volunteer activities. 3. 他们通过组织慈善义卖为穷人筹集了很多钱。 They ______ a lot of money for the poor by ______ a charity sale. 4. 我为自己能帮助有需要的人而感到自豪。 I am ______ ______ help people in need. 5. 你曾经和你的朋友分享过你的志愿经历吗？ ______ you ever ______ your volunteer experience with your friends? 参考答案 （一）词汇类练习 1. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. volunteer 2. donate 3. encourages 4. organize 5. raise 6. proud 7. realized 8. share 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. has volunteered 2. has donated 3. organize 4. hasn’t cheered 5. discussed 6. took 7. patient 8. kindly （二）语法类练习 1. 单项选择 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B 2. 句型转换 1. haven’t; ever 2. to; help 3. should; not 4. What; did 5. How; do （三）综合运用练习 1. have; been 2. encourage; take; part; in 3. raised; organizing 4. proud; to 5. Have; shared 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $