2025年全国高考英语一卷（不含听力）真题解析词汇知识清单-2026届高三英语二轮复习

2025 年全国高考英语一卷真题解析 一、阅读理解（50分）体裁与主旨总览 A篇 说明文：交通碳排放与绿色能源转型方案 B篇 记叙文：写作教学感悟——教学相长 C篇 议论文：城市街道应以人为本、宜居优先 D篇 科技说明文：煮沸过滤自来水可去除微塑料 七选五 记叙文：校园咖啡师用微笑温暖学生 二、阅读A篇 解析 体裁：说明文 主旨：交通占温室气体排放1/4，介绍飞机、汽车、火车、轮船绿色燃料，强调加速发展可再生能源。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 global adj. 全球的；globe n. 地球；同义：worldwide emission n. 排放；emit v. 排放；carbon emissions 碳排放 greenhouse n. 温室；greenhouse gas 温室气体 transport n./v. 交通；运输；means of transport 交通方式 account for 占(比例)；解释 responsible adj. 负责的； be responsible for 对…负责 decarbonize v. 脱碳；de-去除+carbon碳 synthetic adj. 合成的；synthetic fuel 合成燃料 battery n. 电池；electric battery 蓄电池 electricity n. 电；electric adj. 电的 hydrogen n. 氢；hydrogen fuel cell 氢燃料电池 fuel n. 燃料；green fuel 绿色燃料 liquid adj. 液体的；liquid ammonia 液氨 ammonia n. 氨 ignite v. 点燃；同义：light engine n. 发动机 renewable adj. 可再生的；反义：non-renewable efficient adj. 高效的；energy-efficient 节能的 lightweight adj. 轻便的；反义：heavy transition n. 转型；energy transition 能源转型 estimate v./n. 估计；It is estimated that… 据估计 demand n. 需求；meet demand 满足需求 长难句分析 原句：Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions.成分：动名词短语(主语)+is(系动词)+responsible(表语) 翻译：全球范围内的人员与货物运输是全球二氧化碳排放的主要来源之一。 三、阅读B篇 解析 体裁：记叙文 主旨：教师调整写作主题后，学生写作突飞猛进，领悟写作能连接人心、教学相长。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 essay n. 文章；write an essay 写作文 thesis n. 论点；thesis statement 主旨句 interpret v. 理解；interpretation n. 理解 persuasive adj. 有说服力的；persuade v. 说服 personal adj. 个人的；personal narrative 个人叙事 narrative n. 叙事；故事 creative adj. 有创造力的；create v. 创造 diverse adj. 多样的；diversity n. 多样性 character n. 人物；性格 demonstrate v. 展示；证明；同义：show significance n. 意义；significant adj. 重要的 connect v. 连接；connection n. 联系 necessity n. 必要性；necessary adj. 必要的 assignment n. 作业；assign v. 布置 workshop n. 工作室；研习班 specification n. 要求；规范 touch v. 触动；感动 communicate v. 交流；communication n. 交流 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；同义：surprising straight A n. 全优成绩 graduate n. 毕业生；v. 毕业 human adj. 人类的 长难句分析 原句：When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance. 成分：时间状语从句+主语(I)+谓语(walked away)+伴随状语 翻译：六月期末铃响时，我带走一本写满留言的纪念册，它们诉说着写作最强大的意义。 四、阅读C篇 解析 体裁：议论文 主旨：城市过度机动车化导致步行减少，历史维权运动效果有限，呼吁街道回归宜居。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 pedestrian n. 行人；pedestrian safety 行人安全 mobility n. 移动能力；mobile adj. 移动的 decline v./n. 下降；反义：increase transform v. 改变；transformation n. 转型 campaign n. 运动；活动 decent adj. 宜居的；体面的 ownership n. 拥有；own v. 拥有 invest v. 投资；invest in 投资于 community n. 社区 neighbourhood n. 街区 destroy v. 破坏；destruction n. 破坏 replace v. 取代；replace A with B 用B换A expressway n. 高速公路 widespread adj. 广泛的 majority n. 大多数；the majority of 大多数 redesign v. 重新设计 rapid adj. 快速的；rapidly adv. 快速地 safety n. 安全；safe adj. 安全的 bother v. 使烦恼 advocate v. 呼吁；主张 accessible adj. 可进入的 traffic n. 交通 长难句分析 原句：Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 成分：让步状语从句+主语+系动词+表语从句 翻译：尽管这些运动影响广泛，但现实是多数西方城市完全按机动车需求重新规划。 五、阅读D篇 解析 体裁：科技说明文 主旨：煮沸+过滤可去除微塑料，效果取决于碳酸钙含量，微塑料污染普遍严重。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 microplastic n. 微塑料 pollution n. 污染；pollute v. 污染 tap water n. 自来水 boil v. 煮沸 filter v./n. 过滤；过滤器 remove v. 去除；同义：get rid of effective adj. 有效的；effect n. 效果 contain v. 包含；含有 sample n. 样本 calcium n. 钙 carbonate n. 碳酸盐 trap v. 吸附；困住 potential adj. 潜在的 exposure n. 暴露；expose v. 暴露 severe adj. 严重的；同义：serious measure n. 措施 significantly adv. 显著地 original adj. 最初的；origin n. 起源 harmful adj. 有害的；harm n. 伤害 concern n. 担忧 upgrade v. 升级；改善 treatment n. 处理；治疗 长难句分析 原句：Boiling tap water for just five minutes – then filtering it after it cools – could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 成分：动名词(主语)+could remove(谓语)+宾语 翻译：自来水煮沸五分钟，冷却后过滤，可去除至少80%的微塑料。 六、七选五 解析 体裁：记叙文 主旨：咖啡馆员工Murphy真诚服务、微笑待人，成为校园暖心“无名英雄”。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 genuine adj. 真诚的；同义：sincere contagious adj. 有感染力的 cheerful adj. 愉快的；cheer n./v. 欢呼 serve v. 服务；service n. 服务 intention n. 意图；打算 grab v. 拿起；抓住 customer n. 顾客 order n. 订单；点单 conversation n. 交谈；converse v. 交谈 drive v. 驾驶 on time 准时 mood n. 心情 enjoy v. 享受；喜欢 continue v. 继续 break n. 休息 pick-me-up n. 提神物 senior n. 高年级学生 huge adj. 巨大的 smile n./v. 微笑 regularly adv. 定期地；经常地 warm adj. 温暖的 unsung adj. 无名的；被忽视的 长难句分析 原句：One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day. 成分：主语+系动词+表语从句 翻译：Murphy不知道，她的微笑极具感染力，能让学生的一天变得更美好。 七、完形填空 解析 体裁：记叙文 主旨：搬家清理旧物，免费赠送闲置物品，体会分享与感恩的快乐。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 empty out 清空 stuff v. 塞满；n. 东西 valuable adj. 贵重的；value n. 价值 landfill n. 垃圾填埋场 additional adj. 额外的；addition n. 额外 price cut 降价 encourage v. 鼓励；encouraged adj. 备受鼓舞的 chaos n. 混乱 spare v. 使免于；省出 please v. 使开心 encounter v. 遇见；同义：meet appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 beloved adj. 心爱的 donate v. 捐赠；donation n. 捐赠 rent v. 租用 object n. 物品 settle v. 决定；安顿 instantly adv. 立刻；immediately precious adj. 珍贵的 ray n. 光芒 otherwise adv. 否则 belong v. 属于；belongings n. 所有物 长难句分析 原句：Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered. 成分：主语+谓语+宾语+不定式定语 翻译：每一次交换都让物品免于填埋，也让我取悦了一位本不会遇见的人。 八、语法填空 解析 体裁：说明文 主旨：上海围棋艺术展，融合围棋文化、科技与当代艺术。 单词/词组 词性、词义、用法（词根/派生/同义/反义） 自测默写 originate v. 起源；origin n. 起源 exhibit v. 展览；exhibition n. 展览 contemporary adj. 当代的 abstract adj. 抽象的；反义：concrete visual adj. 视觉的 opponent n. 对手 reveal v. 揭露；显示 strategic adj. 战略的；strategy n. 策略 generate v. 产生；generated adj. 生成的 inspire v. 激发；鼓舞 sculpture n. 雕塑 print n. 版画 philosophy n. 哲学 minimalism n. 极简主义 expressionism n. 表现主义 placement n. 布局；放置 weakness n. 弱点；weak adj. 虚弱的 respect n./v. 尊重 gesture n. 姿态；表示 binary adj. 二元的 cutting-edge adj. 先进的；前沿的 dialogue n. 对话 长难句分析 原句：The balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create works for the exhibition. 成分：并列主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 翻译：黑白棋子的平衡、布局之美、每一步的气韵流动，激发艺术家为展览创作。 九、写作部分（40分） （一）应用文：邮件（15分）120–150词 一读→二思→三写 一读：给Jenny写信，选择新栏目并说明理由 二思：选Fun at my school；理由：贴近生活、素材丰富、增强归属感、提升写作兴趣 三写：表态→两点理由→总结期待 高分范文 Dear Jenny, I really appreciate your creative idea of adding a new column to our class English newspaper. After careful consideration, I strongly recommend choosing Fun at my school. To begin with, this topic is closely connected with our daily school life. We have rich materials to write about, such as interesting classes, colorful club activities and unforgettable moments with friends. Besides, it can strengthen our sense of belonging and make us pay more attention to the beauty around us. Most importantly, it encourages us to record happy moments in English, thus greatly improving our writing skills. I am convinced that this column will be very popular among all students and make our newspaper more attractive. Yours, Li Hua 亮点分析 · 结构清晰：开门见山→三点理由→总结 · 高分词：appreciate, recommend, strengthen, convinced, attractive · 逻辑衔接：To begin with, Besides, Most importantly · 字数：138词，符合要求 （二）读后续写（25分）每段120–150词 一读→二思→三写 一读：家庭聚会因狗Toby产生矛盾，哥哥生气，主角反思 二思 · 第一段：自责→理解哥哥处境（丧妻、健康差、Toby是精神寄托）→决定道歉 · 第二段：带饼干上门→真诚道歉→哥哥原谅→和解，亲情更浓 三写：心理→动作→对话→温暖结局 高分范文 I realized it was me who was to blame. I stood there silently, watching my brother walk away with Toby, his shoulders hunched in sadness. I thought about how lonely he had been since his wife passed away, and how Toby was the only one who could make him smile every morning. I had been too selfish, only thinking about the mess Toby might make and my granddaughter’s safety, but I never stopped to consider how much my brother needed the dog. Guilt welled up in my heart, and I knew I had to make things right. I took a deep breath, grabbed my coat, and headed to my brother’s house, determined to apologize and show him I truly understood. With the biscuits my wife had baked personally, I knocked at my brother’s door nervously. My hands were shaking as I waited, fearing he might not forgive me. When he opened the door, his eyes were red, but he didn’t shut the door on me. I held out the biscuits, my voice trembling, and said I was truly sorry for being selfish and not understanding his feelings. I told him I knew Toby was more than a pet—he was his family. Tears filled his eyes, and he pulled me into a hug. He said he was glad I understood, and we sat down to chat, with Toby sitting happily at our feet. Our misunderstanding was gone, and our bond as brothers became even stronger. 亮点分析 · 每段约135词，符合要求 · 情感真实：自责→理解→道歉→和解 · 高分句型：it was me who…, more than…, make up one’s mind · 衔接自然：逻辑流畅，符合原文基调 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $