2026届高考英语冲刺之语篇结构分析突破阅读理解 课件

语篇结构分析 突破阅读理解 构建 “语篇 - 题型 - 策略” 三维教学体系 针对高考英语阅读理解高频考点，以 “语篇类型” 为切入点，深度解析 A 篇应用文、B 篇记叙文 / 报道文、CD 篇说明文的命题规律。通过对高考真题分类梳理，提炼 “语篇结构→命题点→解题技巧” 对应关系，帮助学生建立 “见文识型、依型解题” 的阅读思维，彻底告别盲目刷题！ 目录 CONTENTS 01 02 03 04 阅读理解对应语篇类型 语篇类型对应语篇特征 语篇结构对应命题点 A 篇 阅读理解对应语篇类型 A 篇 年份 试题来源 主题语境 字数 题型分类 2024 新高考I卷 人与社会：保护修复自然区域的志愿者小组的任务，加入要求和方式，任务和时间安排等。 208 2个细节理解题 1个推理判断题 新高考II卷 人与自然：爱尔兰卡洛秋季徒步节的四条徒步路线 253 3个细节理解题 2023 新高考I卷 人与社会：阿姆斯特丹自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作 208 2个细节理解题 1个推理判断题 新高考II卷 人与自然：黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目 253 3个细节理解题 2022 新高考I卷 人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法 233 1个细节理解题 2个推理判断题 新高考II卷 人与社会：关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息 235 3个细节理解题 阅读理解对应语篇类型 A 篇 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 2025八省联考 A 篇语篇分析 语篇类型：应用文 语篇结构：分述 语篇内容：文章介绍了英国东约克郡的四个景点，主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。 阅读理解对应语篇类型 A 篇 A篇阅读理解 语篇类型：应用文 语篇结构：分述 阅读考查：细节题为主 从2025年八省联考来看，更注重考查学生语篇知识、碎片化信息分析和整合能力！ 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. 语篇类型对应语篇特征 主题语境：人与社会为主 语篇类型：应用文（具有告知功能的非连续性文本） 文章长度：190-300词 语篇内容：实践性强 1. 生活应用类 如：书评、景点介绍、课程安排、指南、烹饪食谱、操作指令等。 2. 并列科普类 如：四个旅行社、四个教育网站等。 语言特点：简洁概要，常出现大写的专有名词、加粗字体、数字和符号等。 A 篇 语篇特征 语篇类型 A篇阅读理解 语篇类型：应用文 语篇结构：分述 阅读考查：细节题为主 从2025年八省联考来看，更注重考查学生语篇知识、碎片化信息分析和整合能力！ 语篇结构对应命题点 A 篇 语篇结构 命题点 1. 生活应用类 分项目式或罗列式 2. 并列科普类 1+4结构（4个分项） 常见3种设问信息点选取方式： 开头：文本目的；目标群体提问 中间分项: 四个分项细节信息 全文提问 常见3种设问信息点选取方式： 全文细节信息 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A 篇 1. 考点分布均匀； 2. 题目基本与文本同序； 3. 三题考查所有信息， 两题考查4个分项。 注意涉它对比性提问方式需要多重信息整合得出答案！ 提问方式： 1) Which of...begins the earliest? 2) What do... and... have in common? 3) How is ... different from the other...? 4) How does... differ from the rest of...? 1. 功能或优势 What is an advantage of ...? What is special about...? 2. 细节筛选 Where will the participants meet...? 3. 计算或比较 How much do you pay for...? 4. 场景模拟 What will happen if you...? What best suits you if...? 5. 规则或条件 What does a group need to do if they...? 6. 来源或背景 Where is this text probably taken from? 7. 共性归纳题 What do they have in common? 命题点 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A 篇 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free ....... 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A 篇 East Yorkshire Attractions ....... Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A 篇 East Yorkshire Attractions ....... Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. B 篇 阅读理解对应语篇类型 B 篇 试卷 语篇主题 语篇结构 主题语境 2021新高考I卷 钢琴翻页员的职业技能要求、舞台挑战及其在艺术表演中的协作价值 职业介绍→技能要求→案例说明→人物评价 人与自我 2021新高考II卷 动物园管理员家庭养育濒危虎崽的保育挑战与情感联结 背景说明→养育过程→困难与收获→情感升华 人与社会 2022新高考I卷 食物浪费的环境、经济与道德问题及系统性解决方案 个人经历→数据论证→解决方案→呼吁行动 人与社会 2022新高考II卷 数字时代下纸质书与儿童阅读习惯的代际冲突，反思科技与传统文化的平衡 个人故事→现象分析→反思科技→自我调侃 人与社会 阅读理解对应语篇类型 B 篇 试卷 语篇主题 语篇结构 主题语境 2023新高考I卷 生态学家John Toddy基于自然原理开发生态机器，解决污水净化问题 问题导入→技术开发→应用案例→ 理论升华 人与自然 2023新高考II卷 Urban Sprouts菜园项目通过劳动实践改善低收入社区学生健康与认知 问题导入→项目说明→成果展示→意义升华 人与社会 2024新高考I卷 兽医Farber结合传统西医与针灸等旧疗法创新动物医疗 现象导入→个人经历→案例证明→行业前景 人与社会 2024新高考II卷 BART车站故事亭项目通过短篇阅读提升乘客体验，推广本土文学 现象导入→项目说明→目标延伸→意义升华 人与社会 阅读理解对应语篇类型 年份 问题形式 答案定位 能力考查 2021 24. What should Titterton ...? 25. Which of the following best describes ...? 26. What does Titterton need to practise? 27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband...? 24. para 1 25. para 3 26. para 3 27. para 6 24. 细节理解：成为翻页员的能力要求 25. 推理判断：工作性质 26. 推理判断：工作的训练内容 27. 推理判断：人物评价 2022 24. What does the author want to show ...? 25. What is a consequence ...? 26. What does Curtin’s company do? 27. What does Curtin suggest people do? 24. para 1 25. para 2 26. para 4 27. para 5 24. 推理判断：芝麻菜例子的原因 25. 细节理解：浪费食物的结果 26. 细节理解：公司主要工作 27. 细节理解：故事启示及建议 2023 24. What can we learn ...? 25. Why did John ...? 26. What is the author’s purpose...? 27. What is the basis for John’s work? 24. para 1&2 25. para 3 26. para 5 27. para 6 24. 细节理解：人物评价 25. 推理判断：新生态设计的用途 26. 推理判断：新生态设计的应用例子 27. 推理判断：新科技的基本理念 2024 24.What... think of him? 25.Why ... decide to try acupuncture on pets? 26. What ... mainly talk about? 27. Why does the author mention...? 24. para 1 25. para 2 26. para 3 27. para 4 24. 细节理解：人物评价 25. 细节理解：在动物身上尝试针灸的原因 26. 主旨大意：第三段段意 27. 推理判断：提到兽医协会例子的原因 B 篇 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 B 篇 Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 2025八省联考 B 篇语篇分析 语篇类型：记叙文 语篇结构： Para1：介绍Jim形象及工作表现 Para2：进一步叙述Jim工作 Para3：Jim退休前接受居民离别祝福 Para4：情谊难忘并点明邮政服务意义所在 语篇内容：文章主要讲述了邮递员Jim与社区的深厚情谊体现邮政服务的意义 语篇类型对应语篇特征 主题语境：人与社会为主 语篇类型：记叙文/报道文 以人物特写或项目报道为主 文章长度：220-350词 语篇内容：微观人物个人成长励志故 事与宏观社会现象结合 语篇结构：背景-过程-结局/评价 B 篇 语篇类型 语篇特征 B 篇阅读理解 语篇类型：记叙文/夹叙夹议、报道文 语篇结构： 人物特写 项目报道 语篇结构对应命题点 B 篇 1. 细节：人物从事某事的原因/决定因素 2. 细节：做某事过程中遇到的困难 3. 推断：人物品质/评价 4. 推断：故事背后的信息 5. 主旨：故事启示/传递的观点或态度 1. 细节：推出问题，导入现象 2. 细节：项目设计 3. 推断：项目应用 4. 推断：项目影响 人物特写 项目报道 语篇结构 命题点 语篇结构：背景-过程-结局/评价 语篇结构对应命题点 B 篇（记叙文） 拉波夫的叙事结构——点题、指向、进展、评议、结局、回应。 概括了“意志力让Jennifer成为家庭中第一位获得学士学位的人” 背景介绍：9个兄弟姐妹、生活在农场上、半工半读上技校等 主体部分：选择离家近的大学、丈夫和母亲的支持 发表观点：牺牲很多，但对于孩子和家族来说是个极大的鼓舞 Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 点题 指向 进展 结局 评议 阅读理解对应语篇类型 语篇结构对应命题点 B 篇（记叙文） 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jennifer’s story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 语篇结构对应命题点 B 篇（项目报道文） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you'll never be without something to read. Phenomenon Operation of the Program Effect of the Program Extended Goal of the Program Prospect of the Program 阅读理解对应语篇类型 语篇结构对应命题点 B 篇（记叙文） 4. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 6. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. CD篇 阅读理解对应语篇类型 CD 篇 时间 篇目 主题语境 内容 体裁 说明对象 2024.6 新高考I卷 C 人与社会 纸质阅读、数字阅读及音视频阅读 说明文 社会现象 D 人与社会 生物样本数据 说明文 研究报告 2023.6 新高考I卷 C 人与自我 数字极简主义 说明文 新理论 D 人与社会 集体商议的智慧 说明文 新理论 2023.1 浙江首考 C 人与社会 智能辩手与人类的区别 说明文 新事物 D 人与自然 太阳能农场 说明文 新事物 2022.6 新高考I卷 C 人与社会 关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目 说明文 新做法 D 人与社会 人类语音产生变化原因的探索 说明文 研究报告 2022.6浙 C 人与自我 适度努力，事半功倍 说明文 研究报告 2022.1浙 C 人与社会 健康女性患失智征可能性低 说明文 研究报告 2021.6 新高考I卷 C 人与自然 美国联邦鸭票计划 说明文 新事物 D 人与社会 情商的定义、未来研究的期望 说明文 研究报告 Introduction of a new object research report social phenomenon 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 CD 篇 Exposition 说明文 to introduce to describe a (new) object a research report a social phenomenon 事理性说明文 事物性说明文 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 CD 篇 （1） 语篇模式上多以 问题-解决式为主 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 Introduction of a new object Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 2022年全国乙卷 阅读理解 C篇 语篇分析 语篇类型：说明文 ——Introduction of a new object 语篇内容：文章聚焦于介绍无人机技术在铁路维护和安全保障中的创新应用，重点描述了其功能（如轨道检查、故障检测）、未来概念（自主轨道无人机）及潜在效益（节省成本、提升效率）。 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 Introduction of a new object Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 2022年全国乙卷 阅读理解 C篇 Para1: Topic—Introduce the new thing Para2：Application—Existing drone uses in rail inspection Para3：Advantages—Details financial and safety advantages Para4：Prospect—Future autonomous drone concepts 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 Introduction of a new object Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 2022年全国乙卷 阅读理解 C篇 1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 2. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety.                     B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair.              D. Construction of infrastructure. 3. What function is expected of the rail drones? A To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 CD 篇 （2） 语篇模式上多以 问题-解决式为主 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A social phenomenon Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 2024年新高考I卷 阅读理解 C篇 语篇分析 语篇类型：说明文 ——a social phenomenon 语篇内容：文章主要记叙了纸质阅读在深度学习、专注力及记忆保持上优于数字/音频/视频，因物理特性与心理机制差异，建议教育者按目标选择媒介。 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A social phenomenon Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 2024年新高考I卷 阅读理解 C篇 Para1-2: Phenomenon—Print vs. digital/audio/video learning effectiveness differs Para3-4：Causes—Physical properties of paper and mental "shallowing hypothesis." Para5：Influence—Print enhances complex tasks; digital/audio reduce retention. Para6：Opinion/Attitude—Digital tools are useful but inferior for deep learning 1 What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? 2 What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? 3 Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? 4 What does the author imply in the last paragraph? 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A social phenomenon Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 2024年新高考I卷 阅读理解 C篇 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last.       B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 CD 篇 （3） 语篇模式上多以 概括-具体式为主 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 Para1: Research finding—the significance of friendship in toddler -hood Para2：More finding—Toddlers’ ways of showing love Para3：Problems and suggestions Para4+5： Examples of the suggestions Learn sympathy Use words Schedule proper playtime 1 What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? 2 What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? 4 Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 语篇分析 语篇类型：说明文 ——a research report 语篇内容：文章主要介绍了幼儿期友谊培养社交能力，性格影响互动方式。模仿和冲突促进同理心发展，家长需通过赞扬、引导解决问题及鼓励语言表达助力健康成长。 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 Which of the following is the best title for the text? 1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? A. They are interested in acting.    B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates.    D. They are tired of playing games. 2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them.   D. Help them understand social rules. 3. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence.      D. Making comparisons. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 语篇分析 语篇类型：说明文 ——a research report 语篇内容：文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域，以及进行锻炼以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。 2025年1月八省联考阅读理解D篇 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. Para1+2: Background of Research —previous studies & new study Para3: Methods of Research—72 paticipants tested; post-test exercise timing varied. Para4: Results of Research—4-hour delay group: better recall, stable brain activity. Para5: Conclusion of Research—Optimal exercise timing: 4 hours post-study; unresolved questions. 2025年1月八省联考阅读理解D篇 1 What did the new study aim to explore? 2 What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? 3 Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? 4 What might the author’s marathon running prove? 语篇类型对应命题逻辑 A research report Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 1. What did the new study aim to explore? A. When exercise is best for learning. B. What biochemicals are good for health. C. How brainwaves should be measured D. Which area of the brain is the most active. 2. What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A. Train on bicycles. B. Do mathematics exercises. C. Play computer games. D. Watch films about nature. 3. Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A. To do a medical examination. B. To have their memory tested. C. To get their workouts recorded. D. To finish their previous tasks. 35. What might the author’s marathon running prove? A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart. C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. Thanks ! $