Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Extended reading & Project & Assessment & Further study 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

Extended reading & Project & Assessment & Further study 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Don’t let us 　　　　　　,Paul.It’s time for you to shine.  2.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has 　　　　　　(science) backing.  3.I have matured and I admit 　　　　　　　　(responsible) for my actions.  4.She was 　　　　　　a beautiful girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest. 5.In other words,resolving an argument cuts your 　　　　　　(negate) feelings by half.  6.I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete 　　　　　　(ignore) of history.  7.They seemed to have a perfect 　　　　　　(marry) but the truth was very different.  8.In our country,everyone has rights and 　　　　　　(free) to express his thoughts and ideas.  9.It had also given me a choice,either to leave that page blank 　　　　　　to keep writing the story with hope.  10.On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food,　　　　　　 to the ocean.  Ⅱ.短语填空 be familiar to,let sb.down,turn over,as to,take it for granted,put forward 1.The manager 　　　　　　　　　　　a suggestion that we should have an assistant.  2.This gave me a clue 　　　　　　　　　the source of the problem.  3.We played well,but I felt our point guard 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.The man referred to at the meeting yesterday　　　　　　　　　　　　 all of us.  5.With pleasure and confidence,we 　　　　each new stone to find unimagined strangeness. 6.I once　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 parents should do everything for us,which is wrong. Ⅲ.单句写作 1.我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。 I work not because I have to,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.老师给学生出了一道如此难的数学题,以至于没人算出来。 The teacher gave the students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　nobody worked it out.  3.当这个女孩高兴的时候,她不是唱歌就是跳舞。 When the girl is happy,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.很难说出一个没有登上过舞台的喜剧明星的名字。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Dr. Teruo Higa was born on December 28, 1941 on Okinawa and grew up there. He studied agriculture and earned his doctorate from the Agricultural Research Department of Kyushu University Graduate School. He worked as a lecturer in 1970 and has been a professor of horticulture since 1982. Dr. Higa is well-known for developing EM technology. He invented EM technology to deal with the problems of waste surplus and improper farming methods in modern society. EM stands for effective microorganisms. It is a mixed culture of coexisting anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. Microorganisms are the smallest complete living units. They can live independently of larger living things. Bacteria are typical microorganisms. They are always active in nature. Some benefit living creatures while others cause decay and health problems. The two opposite forces of construction and destruction keep balanced all the time. If the balance is broken and leans toward destruction, living things may fall ill. If it leans toward the beneficial side, living things can stay healthy. These microorganisms can be applied in agriculture to create a suitable growing environment for crops and farm animals. People collect household and animal waste such as kitchen leftovers and animal manure. The waste is sealed in containers together with EM powder. Microorganisms will break down the waste into natural mulch, which provides rich nutrients for crops. Paddy fields using EM technology can achieve higher production than traditional fields. Besides, such fields need less farming and weeding work. Dr. Higa’s EM technology has been introduced and applied in many parts of the world. The technology has been used in some countries to improve crop production and help grow grains and vegetables like corn, green onions and Chinese cabbages. It offers a practical way to develop eco-friendly agriculture. 1.When did Dr. Teruo Higa become a professor of horticulture? A.In 1941 B.In 1970 C.In 1982 D.After he graduated from university 2.Why did Dr. Higa create EM technology? A.To help people keep healthy B.To solve waste and farming problems C.To study different kinds of bacteria D.To become a famous professor 3.What can we learn about microorganisms from the passage? A.They cannot live alone. B.All of them are harmful to living things. C.They play a role of balance in nature. D.They can hardly influence our health. 4.What advantage does EM technology bring to paddy fields? A.It needs no waste materials. B.It costs nothing in farming. C.It produces more crops and saves work. D.It can replace all traditional farming ways. Ⅴ.七选五 3D printing has many uses and limitless possibilities.　1　 such as clothing and musical instruments.  But can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to change the dining experience by doing this.They hope having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as common as the microwave.　2　 You simply have to select a recipe and put the raw (未处理的) food “inks” into the printer.You can also select the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it.It would be very easy to create tasty meals.  　3　 There would be less need for traditional growing,transporting and packaging processes as printed food would produce less waste and pollution,which benefits our environment.  　4　 It could take away many jobs,including those for growing,transporting and packaging food.Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”.Traditional cafés and restaurants might lose business.  It is also hard to imagine a world where the joy of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.　5　  A.We still have a long way to go. B.Scientists say that it is easy to use. C.Printing food would be saving the environment. D.Businesses will adopt the technology so as to save time, E.However,some think 3D printed food wouldn’t be promising. F.People can create the things they need very quickly with 3D printers, G.As we all know,cooking and eating with the family has long been an enjoyable activity. Ⅵ.应用文写作 假定你是李华,你的美国笔友John得知你校上个月举办了首届校园科技节活动,发邮件向你询问相关情况,请你回复邮件。内容包括: 1.活动的目的; 2.活动内容; 3.你的感受。 注意:1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear John,             Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.down　2.scientific　3.responsibility　4.such　5.negative　6.ignorance　7.marriage　8.freedom　9.or　10.but Ⅱ.1.put forward　2.as to　3.let us down　4.is familiar to　5.turn over　6.took it for granted that Ⅲ.1.but because I want to　2.such a difficult maths problem that　3.she either sings or dances　4.It is hard to name Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇人物科普类说明文。介绍了比嘉照夫博士的个人经历、EM 有益微生物技术的研发背景、工作原理、农业应用优势，以及该技术在全球生态农业领域的推广价值。文章先介绍主人公的出身、学历与职业履历；再阐释 EM 技术的诞生初衷、微生物的特性与利弊平衡机理；接着说明 EM 技术如何利用生活及畜禽废弃物制作天然有机肥，应用于农田种植；最后点明这项技术具有增产、省时、生态环保的优势，已在世界多地推广，为生态农业发展提供了可行方案。 1.C　根据原文第一段“ has been a professor of horticulture since 1982”,可知他 1982 年开始担任园艺学教授。 2.B　根据第二段“ to deal with the problems of waste surplus and improper farming methods”,研发 EM 技术是为了解决废弃物过剩和农耕方式不当的问题。 3.C　第三段讲述微生物有有益和有害两类,两种力量维持自然平衡;A 错:可独立存活;B 错:并非全都有害;D 错:会明显影响生物健康。 4.C　第五段 higher production 产量更高 + less farming and weeding work 耕作除草工作量更少,对应 “增产且节省劳作”。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍3D打印技术的使用以及3D打印食品的优缺点。 1.F　根据本句中的“such as clothing and musical instruments”可知,举例说明3D打印技术可以用来打印东西。由此可推断,F项(人们可以使用3D打印机快速创建所需的东西,)引出下文,符合题意。故选F项。 2.B　根据下文“You simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer.”说明3D打印食品是非常容易的,B项(科学家说它很容易使用。)引出下文,符合题意。故选B项。 3.C　根据下文可知,3D打印食品对环境有利,C项(3D打印食品将拯救环境。)符合题意。故选C项。 4.E　根据下文可知,3D打印食品会造成许多人失业,E项(然而,一些人认为3D打印食品的前景并不乐观。)说明一些人不看好3D打印食品,符合题意。故选E项。 5.G　根据上文可知,3D打印食品给人们带来便利的同时也让人们失去了烹饪的乐趣,G项(众所周知,与家人一起做饭和吃饭一直是一项令人愉快的活动。)说明一直以来,人们享受烹饪的乐趣,符合题意。故选G项。 Ⅵ. Dear John,  I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month,which aimed at enriching us students’ school life and promoting the students’ awareness of innovation. There were a variety of activities in the festival,where participants could show their designs and products.The activity turned out a great success.I was astonished at the schoolmates’ creativity and teamwork spirit. I do hope more activities will be held to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Yours, Li Hua 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $