Unit 8 I love nature! 简单句的基本句型-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语单元学案以“简单句基本句型”为核心，结合“自然”主题场景，目标是帮助学生掌握主谓、主谓宾、主系表三大句型。学案通过系统梳理句型结构特点、核心公式、关键要素，搭配自然主题典型例句和判断技巧，构建从语法回顾到专项突破再到综合提升的连贯学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性。 亮点在于“自然主题场景”与语法学习深度融合，设计单句语法填空、完成句子及自然相关任务型阅读（如动物习性、自然现象短文），培养学生语言能力（句型理解与表达）和思维品质（句型分析判断）。每部分附易错点提示和解题技巧，支持学生精准掌握句型，为教师实施单元复习提供针对性强的教学资源。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 I love nature!（新教材冀教版） （简单句的基本句型） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理简单句三大核心基本句型（主谓 / 主谓宾 / 主系表）的结构特点、公式、关键要素及典型例句，搭配自然主题场景，附句型判断技巧与易错点，助力精准掌握简单句结构。 核心句型 结构特点 核心公式 关键要素 & 自然主题典型例句 主谓（S+V） 谓语为不及物动词，含义完整，无需接宾语；可接状语修饰，不改变核心结构 主语（S）+ 谓语（V） 关键要素：谓语是无动作承受者的不及物动词，状语为可选修饰成分（副词 / 介词短语等） 典型例句： 1. The sun rises in the east.（S：The sun；V：rises） 2. Birds fly south in winter.（S：Birds；V：fly） 3. The wind blows strongly.（S：The wind；V：blows） 主谓宾（S+V+O） 谓语为及物动词，含义不完整，必须接宾语（动作承受者）才能表达完整意思 主语（S）+ 谓语（V）+ 宾语（O） 关键要素：谓语是有明确动作承受者的及物动词，宾语多为名词 / 代词 / 动名词，是动作直接作用对象 典型例句： 1. I love nature.（S：I；V：love；O：nature） 2. We plant trees every spring.（S：We；V：plant；O：trees） 3. The bear catches fish in the river.（S：The bear；V：catches；O：fish） 主系表（S+Linking V+P） 谓语为系动词，无具体动作，仅表主语的状态 / 性质 / 身份；必须接表语，表语与主语是描述 / 等同关系 主语（S）+ 系动词（Linking V）+ 表语（P） 关键要素：系动词分 3 类（状态：be；感官：look/smell/feel 等；变化：get/turn/become）；表语多为名词 / 形容词，用于说明主语 典型例句： 1. The flower is beautiful.（S：The flower；Linking V：is；P：beautiful） 2. The air smells fresh.（S：The air；Linking V：smells；P：fresh） 3. The weather gets cold in autumn.（S：The weather；Linking V：gets；P：cold） 核心句型判断技巧（高频考点） 1. 先找谓语动词，根据动词类型判断句型： o 动词后无需接成分即完整→S+V（不及物动词）； o 动词后必须接承受者才完整→S+V+O（及物动词）； o 动词无实际动作，仅表主语状态 / 性质→S+Linking V+P（系动词）。 2. 区分系动词和实义动词：感官动词（look/feel 等）后接形容词→系动词（主系表）；后接副词→实义动词（主谓）。 例：She looks happy.（look + 形容词→系动词，S+V+P）；She looks carefully.（look + 副词→实义动词，S+V）。 使用注意事项 1. 误将主谓结构的状语当作宾语：状语是修饰成分，去掉后句子仍完整；宾语是必要成分，去掉后句子语义不完整。 例：They play in the park.（去掉 in the park，句子仍完整→in the park 是状语，句型 S+V）。 2. 混淆及物动词和不及物动词：不及物动词后不可直接接宾语，需加介词才能接。 例：arrive 是不及物动词→arrive at the park（正确），不可说 arrive the park。 3. 主系表结构中表语和宾语混淆：宾语是动作承受者，表语是对主语的描述 / 等同，系动词无动作含义，不可接宾语。 一、单句语法填空（共 15 题） 1. The birds ________ (fly) happily in the sky every spring. 答案：fly 解析：句意：鸟儿们每年春天都在天空中快乐地飞翔。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 birds 是复数，一般现在时动词用原形 fly。 2. My sister ________ (like) listening to music in her free time. 答案：likes 解析：句意：我妹妹喜欢在空闲时间听音乐。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 sister 是三单，动词用 likes。 3. Leaves ________ (turn) yellow in autumn. 答案：turn 解析：句意：树叶在秋天变黄。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，turn 是系动词，后接形容词 yellow 作表语。 4. Look! The little rabbit ________ (jump) on the grass. 答案：is jumping 解析：句意：看！那只小兔子正在草地上跳。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，Look 提示现在进行时，用 is jumping。 5. We often ________ (plant) trees on Tree Planting Day. 答案：plant 解析：句意：我们经常在植树节种树。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 we，动词用原形 plant。 6. The flowers in the garden ________ (look) very beautiful. 答案：look 解析：句意：花园里的花看起来很漂亮。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，look 是感官系动词，后接形容词。 7. The wind ________ (blow) strongly outside now. 答案：is blowing 解析：句意：现在外面风刮得很大。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，now 提示进行时，用 is blowing。 8. He ________ (love) reading books about nature. 答案：loves 解析：句意：他喜欢读关于大自然的书。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 he 是三单，动词用 loves。 9. The soup ________ (smell) delicious. I can’t wait to drink it. 答案：smells 解析：句意：这汤闻起来很香，我迫不及待想喝。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，smell 是系动词。 10. Many animals ________ (live) in the forest. 答案：live 解析：句意：许多动物生活在森林里。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 animals 复数，动词用原形。 11. My father often ________ (watch) animals on TV. 答案：watches 解析：句意：我爸爸经常在电视上看动物。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 father 三单，动词用 watches。 12. The weather ________ (become) warmer and warmer in spring. 答案：becomes 解析：句意：春天天气变得越来越暖和。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，become 是系动词，主语 weather 三单。 13. Listen! The birds ________ (sing) in the tree. 答案：are singing 解析：句意：听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，Listen 提示进行时，用 are singing。 14. She ________ (draw) pictures of mountains every weekend. 答案：draws 解析：句意：她每个周末都画山的图画。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 she 三单，动词用 draws。 15. The ice ________ (feel) cold in winter. 答案：feels 解析：句意：冬天冰摸起来很冷。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，feel 是感官系动词，主语 ice 三单。 二、完成句子填空（共 15 题） 1. 太阳每天从东方升起。 The sun ________ in the east every day. 答案：rises 解析：句意：太阳每天从东方升起。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 sun 三单，动词用 rises。 2. 我喜欢大自然。 I ________ nature. 答案：love 解析：句意：我喜欢大自然。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 I，动词用原形 love。 3. 这片天空看起来很蓝。 The sky ________ very blue. 答案：looks 解析：句意：这片天空看起来很蓝。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，look 是系动词，主语 sky 三单。 4. 风轻轻地吹。 The wind ________ gently. 答案：blows 解析：句意：风轻轻地吹。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 wind 三单，动词用 blows。 5. 我们每年春天种树。 We ________ trees every spring. 答案：plant 解析：句意：我们每年春天种树。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 we，动词用原形 plant。 6. 秋天树叶变黄。 Leaves ________ yellow in autumn. 答案：turn 解析：句意：秋天树叶变黄。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，turn 是表变化的系动词。 7. 兔子在草地上跳。 The rabbit ________ on the grass. 答案：jumps 解析：句意：兔子在草地上跳。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 rabbit 三单，动词用 jumps。 8. 他喜欢看动物。 He ________ watching animals. 答案：likes 解析：句意：他喜欢看动物。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 he 三单，动词用 likes。 9. 这朵花闻起来很香。 The flower ________ sweet. 答案：smells 解析：句意：这朵花闻起来很香。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，smell 是感官系动词。 10. 鸟儿在天空飞翔。 Birds ________ in the sky. 答案：fly 解析：句意：鸟儿在天空飞翔。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 birds 复数，动词用原形 fly。 11. 我们热爱美丽的大自然。 We ________ the beautiful nature. 答案：love 解析：句意：我们热爱美丽的大自然。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 we，动词用原形 love。 12. 天气变得越来越冷。 The weather ________ colder and colder. 答案：gets 解析：句意：天气变得越来越冷。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，get 是变化系动词。 13. 小河静静地流淌。 The river ________ quietly. 答案：runs 解析：句意：小河静静地流淌。本句是 ** 主谓（S+V）** 结构，主语 river 三单，动词用 runs。 14. 她每天画花。 She ________ flowers every day. 答案：draws 解析：句意：她每天画花。本句是 ** 主谓宾（S+V+O）** 结构，主语 she 三单，动词用 draws。 15. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 The story ________ very interesting. 答案：sounds 解析：句意：这个故事听起来很有趣。本句是 ** 主系表（S+V+P）** 结构，sound 是感官系动词。 任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Respected teachers and my dear classmates, Hello, I want to be the ______ monitor in our class. I can be the right person for this role (角色). Firstly, I take part in sports activities both in and out of school. And I am greatly interested in all kinds of sports. Those sports help me make more friends and have a better understanding of good teamwork. Secondly, I will do my best to serve (服务) the class. I will organise more interesting sports activities to make our school life more colourful. I will also help classmates do sports correctly and make everyone enjoy the fun of sports in every possible way. I will also try to meet your needs. What’s more, I was a PE monitor in my primary school. I have a lot of experience. Finally, I will never give up easily when I meet problems. I’m sure that I can make our class sports activities more wonderful. Please give me a chance. Thank you! Sincerely, Bill 1．Where may Bill speak? 2．What word is best for the “ ”? 3．How do sports help Bill? 4．If Bill becomes the monitor, what will he do? (写出一条即可) 5．Would you like to choose Bill? Why? 【答案】1．In the classroom. 2．P.E. 3．They help Bill make more friends and have a better understanding of good teamwork. 4．He will organise more interesting sports activities. 5．Yes, I’d love to. Because he will help classmates do sports correctly. 【导语】本文是Bill竞选班级体育委员的演讲稿，他通过陈述参与体育活动的经历、服务班级的具体计划、小学担任体育委员的经验以及面对问题的态度，来证明自己是最佳人选。 1．根据“Respected teachers and my dear classmates,”及结尾署名为Bill，可知这是班级职务竞选演讲，竞选班级职务的场合通常是教室。故填In the classroom. 2．根据“Firstly, I take part in sports activities both in and out of school. And I am greatly interested in all kinds of sports.”可知，此处要补全具体职务种类。结合全文围绕体育活动展开论述，判定此处为P.E .monitor(体育委员)。故填P.E. 3．根据“Those sports help me make more friends and have a better understanding of good teamwork.”可知，这些运动帮助我结交了更多的朋友，更好地理解了良好的团队合作。故填They help Bill make more friends and have a better understanding of good teamwork. 4．根据“I will organise more interesting sports activities to make our school life more colourful. I will also help classmates do sports correctly and make everyone enjoy the fun of sports in every possible way. I will also try to meet your needs.”可知，我会组织更多有趣的体育活动，让我们的学校生活更加丰富多彩。我也会帮助同学正确地做运动，让每个人都能以各种可能的方式享受运动的乐趣。我也会努力满足你的需求。故填He will organise more interesting sports activities. 5．开放性试题。是的，我很乐意。因为他会帮助同学正确地做运动。故填Yes, I’d love to. Because he will help classmates do sports correctly. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，按要求完成小题。 Summer camps are popular around the world. Young people usually go to these camps in their summer vacation. The camps are usually in the open air. They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. The campers usually sleep outside in tents, or in wooden houses. Summer camps can make everyone healthy, with lots of outdoor activities to keep them busy. You can go riding or boating. You can go cycling or climbing. After a day of fun and exciting activities, campers eat a nice dinner together. In the evening, everybody usually gets together to play games, sing songs and tell stories around a campfire. Campers can learn about nature and many useful skills, like how to work well with others. A summer camp is a great place to spend time with your friends and family. And it’s a good way to make a lot of new friends! But some parents don’t like summer camps because they think it’s a little dangerous (危险的) for the children to stay out all night. It makes them worry about their children. 1~2题完成句子，3~5题简略回答问题。 1. Young people usually in their summer vacation. 2. Summer camps make everyone healthy, with lots of to keep them busy. 3. Where the campers usually sleep? 4. What can campers learn about in summer camps? 5. Do you like summer camps? Why or why not? 【答案】1. go to summer camps 2. outdoor activities 3. Outside in tents, or in wooden houses. 4. Nature and many useful skills, like how to work well with others. 5. Yes. Because summer camps are fun and help me make new friends. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地流行的夏令营活动，包括夏令营的地点、活动内容、益处以及部分家长的担忧。 1. 根据“Young people usually go to these camps in their summer vacation.”可知，年轻人通常在暑假参加这些夏令营。故填go to summer camps。 2. 根据“Summer camps can make everyone healthy, with lots of outdoor activities to keep them busy.”可知，夏令营能让每个人保持健康，有许多户外活动让他们忙碌。故填outdoor activities。 3. 根据“The campers usually sleep outside in tents, or in wooden houses.”可知，露营者通常睡在户外的帐篷或木屋里。故填Outside in tents, or in wooden houses. 4. 根据“Campers can learn about nature and many useful skills, like how to work well with others.”可知，露营者可以学习自然和许多有用的技能，比如如何与他人合作。故填Nature and many useful skills, like how to work well with others. 5. 开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：Yes. Because summer camps are fun and help me make new friends. Passage 3 阅读短文，并按要求完成下列小题。 It’s a rainy Saturday. Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home. Her uncle and aunt are visiting them. Mary’s father, Mr. Harris, and her uncle and aunt are in the living room. Her father is drawing a picture and her uncle and aunt are watching the news on TV. They are also talking. Mary’s elder brother, Peter, is in his bedroom playing computer games. He is a computer fan and he spends much time playing games on the computer. His younger brother, Jim, is also in the living room. He is playing with his model cars. Mary’s mother, Mrs. Harris, is in the kitchen making food for all of them. She is making some hamburgers and orange juice. Mary is talking to her friends, Lucy and Tom. They are from another town and want to draw pictures and play with Mary. Fluffy, the family cat, is sleeping on the kitchen’s sofa. He is lazy and eats a lot, so he is a really fat cat. 1题完成句子；2-3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写出本文的主旨句；5题将文中划线句子译成汉语； 1. Fluffy is fat because he . 2. How many people are there in Mary’s house? 3. Where is Mary’s mother? 4. 5. 【答案】1. is lazy and eats a lot 2. 9/nine. 3. In the kitchen. 4. Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home. 5. 他花费了许多时间在电脑上玩游戏。 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一个下雨的星期六，玛丽和她的家人以及来访的亲戚在家中的活动情况。 1. 根据“Fluffy…He is lazy and eats a lot, so he is a really fat cat.”可知，弗拉菲又懒又贪吃，所以是一只非常胖的猫。故填is lazy and eats a lot。 2. 根据“Mary’s father, Mr. Harris, and her uncle and aunt”；“Mary’s elder brother, Peter…His younger brother, Jim”；“Mary’s mother, Mrs. Harris”；“Mary is talking to her friends, Lucy and Tom.”可知，一共有9个人。故填9/nine. 3. 根据“Mary’s mother, Mrs. Harris, is in the kitchen making food for all of them.”可知，玛丽的母亲哈里斯太太正在厨房为大家准备食物。故填In the kitchen. 4. 根据“It’s a rainy Saturday. Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home.”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述在一个下雨的星期六，玛丽和她的家人正在家里度过下午。故填Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home. 5. he“他”；spends much time“花费了许多时间”；playing games“玩游戏”；on the computer“在电脑上”。故填：他花费了许多时间在电脑上玩游戏。 Passage 4 Summer vacation is coming. The weather becomes hotter and hotter. Swimming is one of the best sports for us to get cool. But swimming is also a dangerous sport. Every year many students die (死) from drowning (溺水). Here is some advice (建议) that can help you to be safe. First, students mustn’t swim anywhere too deep (深的) like rivers and lakes. The swimming pool is a good place. Second, students mustn’t swim alone (独自地). If you want to swim, you have to go with your parents or friends. Another important thing is that students should do some warm-up exercises (热身练习) before swimming. Making your body hot can be safer. Next, you can’t swim for too long. If you are tired in the water, it is easy to be in danger. Lastly, please remember you mustn’t jump into the water to save other people, because it’s very dangerous. If you find someone in danger in the water, you should call the police or your parents. When you have a great time swimming in the water, don’t forget to take good care of yourself. 1. To keep safe, is a good place to swim in. 简略回答问题： 2. When you see a boy in danger in the water, what should you do? 3. How many pieces of advice are there in the passage? 4. 找出并写下全文主题句 5. 将文中划线句子翻译成汉语。 【答案】1. the swimming pool 2. I should call the police or my parents. 3. Five. 4. Here is some advice that can help you to be safe. 5. 但是游泳也是一项危险的运动。 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了暑假来临，天气变热，游泳虽能解暑但存在危险，每年有学生溺亡，进而给出了一些游泳安全建议。 1. 根据文中“The swimming pool is a good place.”可知，游泳池是个好地方。故填the swimming pool。 2. 根据文中“If you find someone in danger in the water, you should call the police or your parents.”可知，如果你发现有人在水中遇险，你应该报警或通知你的父母。故填I should call the police or my parents. 3. 根据文中“First...Second...Another important thing...Next...Lastly...”可知，一共给出了五个建议。故填Five. 4. 通读全文可知，文章主要围绕关于游泳的安全建议展开，“Here is some advice that can help you to be safe.”引出安全建议内容，所以它主题句。故填Here is some advice that can help you to be safe. 5. but表示“但是”；swimming表示“游泳”，作主语；is表示“是”，系动词；also表示“同样，也”；a dangerous sport表示“一项危险的运动”，作表语。故填：但是游泳也是一项危险的运动。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 In Jayda’s family, there is a happy and interesting thing for children. The grandmother needs to make clothes for her grandchild on his or her twelfth birthday. And the clothes must be in the child’s favourite colour. This time, Jayda’s twelfth birthday comes. What can she get from Grandma? Jayda goes to her grandmother. Grandmother says, “Happy birthday, Jayda! I want to make a skirt for you. What is your favourite colour?” Jayda thinks and says, “Grandma, I love all the colours of the rainbow (彩虹)! For me, red is the colour of love. Orange lets me feel warm. Yellow lets me feel happy. Green is the colour of health. Blue lets me feel cool. Purple (紫色) is the colour of wisdom (智慧). How can I get them all?” Grandma says, “I know what you want now.” After some hours, a rainbow-coloured skirt is in Grandma’s hand. Jayda is so happy and she says, “Wow! I have the rainbow now!” 1、2题完成句子；3~5题简略回答问题。 1. Grandma makes clothes for her grandchild on his or her birthday. 2. Grandma wants to make a for Jayda’s birthday. 3. What colour lets Jayda feel “love”? 4. Does Jayda like the clothes from Grandma? 5. What is your favourite colour? Why do you like it? 【答案】1. twelfth 2. skirt 3. Red lets Jayda feel “love”. 4. Yes, she does. 5. My favourite colour is blue because it lets me feel calm and peaceful. 【导语】本文主要讲述了Jayda的奶奶在孙子孙女12岁生日时，会为他们制作最喜欢的颜色的衣服，这次Jayda过12岁生日，她希望奶奶能为她做一条彩虹色的裙子，最后奶奶满足了她的愿望。 1. 根据第一段“The grandmother needs to make clothes for her grandchild on his or her twelfth birthday.”可知，奶奶在她的孙子孙女十二岁生日时为他或她做衣服。故填twelfth。 2. 根据第二段“I want to make a skirt for you.”可知，奶奶想为Jayda做一条裙子。故填skirt。 3. 根据第三段“For me, red is the colour of love.”可知，红色能让Jayda感受到“爱”。故填Red lets Jayda feel “love”. 4. 根据最后一段“Jayda is so happy”可知，Jayda很喜欢奶奶给她做的裙子。故填Yes, she does. 5. 开放性作答，言之成理即可。参考答案为My favourite colour is blue because it lets me feel calm and peaceful. Passage 6 My name is Li Hua. I study in a junior high school this September. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. I have seven classes each day—four in the morning and three in the afternoon. Geography is a new subject in junior high. It is my favorite subject. The teacher sometimes teaches us by playing games. It’s a great way to learn. Morning break (休息) starts at 9:40 a.m., and I run to the playground. I often do morning exercises or play ball games with my friends there. The break ends at 10:10 a.m. How short it is! We have lunch from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. We go to the canteen (食堂) for lunch. There is different food. I really enjoy eating there! After that, I usually go to the book corner in the classroom. I can always find something interesting to read there. Classes end at 4:25 p.m., and many students take part in after-school activities. I go to the ping-pong club with my friend Chen Ming. We want to join in the school ping-pong game next week. We will practice it very hard. It’s exciting to be a junior high student. I have a good time at school, and I enjoy every minute (分钟) of it. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1. The geography teacher sometimes teaches us by . 2. Li Hua often does morning exercises or with her friends on the playground during the morning break. 3. What’s Li Hua’s favorite subject? 4. What time do classes end? 5. What do Li Hua and her friend want to do next week? 【答案】1. playing games 2. plays ball games 3. Geography. 4. At 4:25 p.m. 5. They want to join in the school ping-pong game. 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的学校生活。 1. 根据“The teacher sometimes teaches us by playing games.”可知，地理老师有时通过玩游戏来教他们。故填playing games。 2. 根据“I often do morning exercises or play ball games with my friends there.”可知，李华常常和朋友在操场上做早操或打球，play ball games“打球”，主语是第三人称单数，所以动词用三单形式。故填plays ball games。 3. 根据“Geography is a new subject in junior high. It is my favorite subject.”可知，地理是李华最喜欢的科目。故填Geography. 4. 根据“Classes end at 4:25 p.m.”可知，课程在下午4:25结束。故填At 4:25 p.m. 5. 根据“We want to join in the school ping-pong game next week.”可知，李华和她的朋友想在下周参加学校的乒乓球比赛。故填They want to join in the school ping-pong game. 13 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 I love nature!（新教材冀教版） （简单句的基本句型） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理简单句三大核心基本句型（主谓 / 主谓宾 / 主系表）的结构特点、公式、关键要素及典型例句，搭配自然主题场景，附句型判断技巧与易错点，助力精准掌握简单句结构。 核心句型 结构特点 核心公式 关键要素 & 自然主题典型例句 主谓（S+V） 谓语为不及物动词，含义完整，无需接宾语；可接状语修饰，不改变核心结构 主语（S）+ 谓语（V） 关键要素：谓语是无动作承受者的不及物动词，状语为可选修饰成分（副词 / 介词短语等） 典型例句： 1. The sun rises in the east.（S：The sun；V：rises） 2. Birds fly south in winter.（S：Birds；V：fly） 3. The wind blows strongly.（S：The wind；V：blows） 主谓宾（S+V+O） 谓语为及物动词，含义不完整，必须接宾语（动作承受者）才能表达完整意思 主语（S）+ 谓语（V）+ 宾语（O） 关键要素：谓语是有明确动作承受者的及物动词，宾语多为名词 / 代词 / 动名词，是动作直接作用对象 典型例句： 1. I love nature.（S：I；V：love；O：nature） 2. We plant trees every spring.（S：We；V：plant；O：trees） 3. The bear catches fish in the river.（S：The bear；V：catches；O：fish） 主系表（S+Linking V+P） 谓语为系动词，无具体动作，仅表主语的状态 / 性质 / 身份；必须接表语，表语与主语是描述 / 等同关系 主语（S）+ 系动词（Linking V）+ 表语（P） 关键要素：系动词分 3 类（状态：be；感官：look/smell/feel 等；变化：get/turn/become）；表语多为名词 / 形容词，用于说明主语 典型例句： 1. The flower is beautiful.（S：The flower；Linking V：is；P：beautiful） 2. The air smells fresh.（S：The air；Linking V：smells；P：fresh） 3. The weather gets cold in autumn.（S：The weather；Linking V：gets；P：cold） 核心句型判断技巧（高频考点） 1. 先找谓语动词，根据动词类型判断句型： o 动词后无需接成分即完整→S+V（不及物动词）； o 动词后必须接承受者才完整→S+V+O（及物动词）； o 动词无实际动作，仅表主语状态 / 性质→S+Linking V+P（系动词）。 2. 区分系动词和实义动词：感官动词（look/feel 等）后接形容词→系动词（主系表）；后接副词→实义动词（主谓）。 例：She looks happy.（look + 形容词→系动词，S+V+P）；She looks carefully.（look + 副词→实义动词，S+V）。 使用注意事项 1. 误将主谓结构的状语当作宾语：状语是修饰成分，去掉后句子仍完整；宾语是必要成分，去掉后句子语义不完整。 例：They play in the park.（去掉 in the park，句子仍完整→in the park 是状语，句型 S+V）。 2. 混淆及物动词和不及物动词：不及物动词后不可直接接宾语，需加介词才能接。 例：arrive 是不及物动词→arrive at the park（正确），不可说 arrive the park。 3. 主系表结构中表语和宾语混淆：宾语是动作承受者，表语是对主语的描述 / 等同，系动词无动作含义，不可接宾语。 一、单句语法填空（共 15 题） 1. The birds ________ (fly) happily in the sky every spring. 2. My sister ________ (like) listening to music in her free time. 3. Leaves ________ (turn) yellow in autumn. 4. Look! The little rabbit ________ (jump) on the grass. 5. We often ________ (plant) trees on Tree Planting Day. 6. The flowers in the garden ________ (look) very beautiful. 7. The wind ________ (blow) strongly outside now. 8. He ________ (love) reading books about nature. 9. The soup ________ (smell) delicious. I can’t wait to drink it. 10. Many animals ________ (live) in the forest. 11. My father often ________ (watch) animals on TV. 12. The weather ________ (become) warmer and warmer in spring. 13. Listen! The birds ________ (sing) in the tree. 14. She ________ (draw) pictures of mountains every weekend. 15. The ice ________ (feel) cold in winter. 二、完成句子填空（共 15 题） 1. 太阳每天从东方升起。 The sun ________ in the east every day. 2. 我喜欢大自然。 I ________ nature. 3. 这片天空看起来很蓝。 The sky ________ very blue. 4. 风轻轻地吹。 The wind ________ gently. 5. 我们每年春天种树。 We ________ trees every spring. 6. 秋天树叶变黄。 Leaves ________ yellow in autumn. 7. 兔子在草地上跳。 The rabbit ________ on the grass. 8. 他喜欢看动物。 He ________ watching animals. 9. 这朵花闻起来很香。 The flower ________ sweet. 10. 鸟儿在天空飞翔。 Birds ________ in the sky. 11. 我们热爱美丽的大自然。 We ________ the beautiful nature. 12. 天气变得越来越冷。 The weather ________ colder and colder. 13. 小河静静地流淌。 The river ________ quietly. 14. 她每天画花。 She ________ flowers every day. 15. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 The story ________ very interesting. 任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Respected teachers and my dear classmates, Hello, I want to be the ______ monitor in our class. I can be the right person for this role (角色). Firstly, I take part in sports activities both in and out of school. And I am greatly interested in all kinds of sports. Those sports help me make more friends and have a better understanding of good teamwork. Secondly, I will do my best to serve (服务) the class. I will organise more interesting sports activities to make our school life more colourful. I will also help classmates do sports correctly and make everyone enjoy the fun of sports in every possible way. I will also try to meet your needs. What’s more, I was a PE monitor in my primary school. I have a lot of experience. Finally, I will never give up easily when I meet problems. I’m sure that I can make our class sports activities more wonderful. Please give me a chance. Thank you! Sincerely, Bill 1．Where may Bill speak? 2．What word is best for the “ ”? 3．How do sports help Bill? 4．If Bill becomes the monitor, what will he do? (写出一条即可) 5．Would you like to choose Bill? Why? Passage 2 阅读下面短文，按要求完成小题。 Summer camps are popular around the world. Young people usually go to these camps in their summer vacation. The camps are usually in the open air. They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. The campers usually sleep outside in tents, or in wooden houses. Summer camps can make everyone healthy, with lots of outdoor activities to keep them busy. You can go riding or boating. You can go cycling or climbing. After a day of fun and exciting activities, campers eat a nice dinner together. In the evening, everybody usually gets together to play games, sing songs and tell stories around a campfire. Campers can learn about nature and many useful skills, like how to work well with others. A summer camp is a great place to spend time with your friends and family. And it’s a good way to make a lot of new friends! But some parents don’t like summer camps because they think it’s a little dangerous (危险的) for the children to stay out all night. It makes them worry about their children. 1~2题完成句子，3~5题简略回答问题。 1. Young people usually in their summer vacation. 2. Summer camps make everyone healthy, with lots of to keep them busy. 3. Where the campers usually sleep? 4. What can campers learn about in summer camps? 5. Do you like summer camps? Why or why not? Passage 3 阅读短文，并按要求完成下列小题。 It’s a rainy Saturday. Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home. Her uncle and aunt are visiting them. Mary’s father, Mr. Harris, and her uncle and aunt are in the living room. Her father is drawing a picture and her uncle and aunt are watching the news on TV. They are also talking. Mary’s elder brother, Peter, is in his bedroom playing computer games. He is a computer fan and he spends much time playing games on the computer. His younger brother, Jim, is also in the living room. He is playing with his model cars. Mary’s mother, Mrs. Harris, is in the kitchen making food for all of them. She is making some hamburgers and orange juice. Mary is talking to her friends, Lucy and Tom. They are from another town and want to draw pictures and play with Mary. Fluffy, the family cat, is sleeping on the kitchen’s sofa. He is lazy and eats a lot, so he is a really fat cat. 1题完成句子；2-3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写出本文的主旨句；5题将文中划线句子译成汉语； 1. Fluffy is fat because he . 2. How many people are there in Mary’s house? 3. Where is Mary’s mother? 4. 5. Passage 4 Summer vacation is coming. The weather becomes hotter and hotter. Swimming is one of the best sports for us to get cool. But swimming is also a dangerous sport. Every year many students die (死) from drowning (溺水). Here is some advice (建议) that can help you to be safe. First, students mustn’t swim anywhere too deep (深的) like rivers and lakes. The swimming pool is a good place. Second, students mustn’t swim alone (独自地). If you want to swim, you have to go with your parents or friends. Another important thing is that students should do some warm-up exercises (热身练习) before swimming. Making your body hot can be safer. Next, you can’t swim for too long. If you are tired in the water, it is easy to be in danger. Lastly, please remember you mustn’t jump into the water to save other people, because it’s very dangerous. If you find someone in danger in the water, you should call the police or your parents. When you have a great time swimming in the water, don’t forget to take good care of yourself. 1. To keep safe, is a good place to swim in. 简略回答问题： 2. When you see a boy in danger in the water, what should you do? 3. How many pieces of advice are there in the passage? 4. 找出并写下全文主题句 5. 将文中划线句子翻译成汉语。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 In Jayda’s family, there is a happy and interesting thing for children. The grandmother needs to make clothes for her grandchild on his or her twelfth birthday. And the clothes must be in the child’s favourite colour. This time, Jayda’s twelfth birthday comes. What can she get from Grandma? Jayda goes to her grandmother. Grandmother says, “Happy birthday, Jayda! I want to make a skirt for you. What is your favourite colour?” Jayda thinks and says, “Grandma, I love all the colours of the rainbow (彩虹)! For me, red is the colour of love. Orange lets me feel warm. Yellow lets me feel happy. Green is the colour of health. Blue lets me feel cool. Purple (紫色) is the colour of wisdom (智慧). How can I get them all?” Grandma says, “I know what you want now.” After some hours, a rainbow-coloured skirt is in Grandma’s hand. Jayda is so happy and she says, “Wow! I have the rainbow now!” 1、2题完成句子；3~5题简略回答问题。 1. Grandma makes clothes for her grandchild on his or her birthday. 2. Grandma wants to make a for Jayda’s birthday. 3. What colour lets Jayda feel “love”? 4. Does Jayda like the clothes from Grandma? 5. What is your favourite colour? Why do you like it? Passage 6 My name is Li Hua. I study in a junior high school this September. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. I have seven classes each day—four in the morning and three in the afternoon. Geography is a new subject in junior high. It is my favorite subject. The teacher sometimes teaches us by playing games. It’s a great way to learn. Morning break (休息) starts at 9:40 a.m., and I run to the playground. I often do morning exercises or play ball games with my friends there. The break ends at 10:10 a.m. How short it is! We have lunch from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. We go to the canteen (食堂) for lunch. There is different food. I really enjoy eating there! After that, I usually go to the book corner in the classroom. I can always find something interesting to read there. Classes end at 4:25 p.m., and many students take part in after-school activities. I go to the ping-pong club with my friend Chen Ming. We want to join in the school ping-pong game next week. We will practice it very hard. It’s exciting to be a junior high student. I have a good time at school, and I enjoy every minute (分钟) of it. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1. The geography teacher sometimes teaches us by . 2. Li Hua often does morning exercises or with her friends on the playground during the morning break. 3. What’s Li Hua’s favorite subject? 4. What time do classes end? 5. What do Li Hua and her friend want to do next week? 3 / 9乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $