Unit 5 Good manners单元话题练（语法填空+短文首字母填空+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元练习（译林版）

Unit 5 Good manners单元话题练 （语法填空+短文首字母填空+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作） 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式（不超过两个词），要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Do you know what people would like 1 (eat) on their birthday? Every year, 7.5 billion people living on the earth have a birthday, 2 they don’t celebrate it in the same way. Let me tell you some. In many 3 (country), people have birthday cakes with candles. The number of candles 4 the cake is the person’s age. The birthday person must make 5 wish and blow out the candles. In Hungary ear pulling is popular for the birthday person at the party. Also, it isn’t the only. Around 6,000 miles away in South America, Brazilians and Argentinians have a 6 (friend) birthday ear pulls. In China, it 7 (get) popular to have cake now. But most people still eat very long noodles for their birthday. They never cut the noodles up because 8 are a symbol of long and happy life. In some places, Chinese people eat the boiled eggs on their birthday, too. There is a special meaning behind it. It’s because the birthday person need to peel off the egg shell (壳) which stands for the past. So the person starts a new 9 (begin) in his or her life from now on. Though (虽然) all of the birthday food may be different, the ideas are the same. People think these ideas can bring good 10 (lucky) to the birthday person. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eating habits are different in different 1 (country). The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, 2 eat less at dinner.” Many Americans agree that a man should start the day with 3 good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are quite different. How to eat for lunch and dinner is quite different in the two countries. Most Americans only have a short time to eat for lunch. So they eat a small lunch. After work they will have more time 4 (eat) a big dinner. Also, a big dinner at home with all the family talking about their days is a way 5 (take) a good rest after a long, hard day of work. Eating at restaurants is quite different. In China, people like talking and laughing while eating. Very often you can hear people 6 (talk) and laughing loudly and they are just having a good time. 7 , in America it is not 8 this. They want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world. If someone is talking too 9 (loud), the manager of the restaurant may come and ask them 10 be quiet. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Today, I want 1 (share) something about customs around the world. As you may already know, people in different 2 (country) have their own way of life. What is polite in one country may not be in another. For example, in Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl 3 your mouth when you are having some soup. Besides, you should have the soup 4 (quiet). But in Japan, you needn’t worry about 5 (make) a noise when you drink something. It means you are enjoying 6 . Once, when I 7 (eat) at a restaurant in Tokyo with the British way of dining, the waiter came up 8 asked if everything was OK. This made me understand I should be 9 (careful) than I had thought. In short, it’s interesting to learn about these differences and it’s also important to remember “When in Rome (罗马), do as 10 Romans do.” Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s i 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, i 2 a restaurant isn’t noisy and lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many Western countries, restaurants are q 3 places. If a table is too loud, other people who are eating there might e 4 complain to the owner of the restaurant. P 5 the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for e 6 . In Western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually s 7 the cost. This is called “going Dutch (均摊费用)”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually l 8 some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving tips”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, it’s common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is d 9 by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money! The way people eat food is different in the world, but you can find the s 10 kinds of food in many countries. Chinese food as well as Italian food, for example, is popular all over the world. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Eating habits are different in different c 1 . The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for b 2 , eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.” Many people in the USA a 3 that one starts a day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are d 4 . Most people in America only give themselves a s 5 time to have their lunch, so they eat a small lunch. After work, they can have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family members talking about their day is a good way to take a good rest after a long, hard day of work. Eating in r 6 is also different. In China, very often you can hear people talking and laughing l 7 , and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. They usually eat a good meal far away f 8 the noisy places. If they make some n 9 , other people in the restaurant will look at them angrily, even the manager of the restaurant will ask them to be q 10 . 二、完形填空 I’m having a great time with my host family in France. I was nervous before I 1 here, but there was no need to be. My host family is really nice. Miss Green always talks to me in French to help me practice. So my French has 2 a lot. I still make lots of 3 , but I don’t worry as 4 as I used to. My biggest problem of all is learning how to act at the dinner table. Things are very different 5 the way they’re at home. For example, you shouldn’t put your elbows (肘) on the table. When I first arrived here, I thought that was quite 6 . But now I’m used to it. Another 7 is that it’s not very 8 to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more 9 , you should just say, “That was delicious.” I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m getting used to it. I don’t find 10 customs (习俗) so strange any more. 1．A．arrived B．left C．hid D．shook 2．A．prepared B．rubbed C．bumped D．improved 3．A．mistakes B．friends C．hugs D．manners 4．A．few B．bit C．much D．little 5．A．with B．from C．for D．of 6．A．formal B．confusing C．proper D．common 7．A．grammar B．reason C．result D．example 8．A．dangerous B．embarrassing C．polite D．rude 9．A．servings B．kisses C．fists D．cheeks 10．A．Australian B．British C．French D．Indian Jack is on holiday in India. It’s a place with a long history and he is enjoying it very much. He doesn’t know much about the local 1 , but he does his best with a few words he knows. He is also learning some Indian customs. Last week, Jack wanted to get his computer fixed because it didn’t work. He went into a local computer shop and 2 the problem to the worker in the shop. The worker 3 nodding his head and smiling. He seemed to understand everything. When Jack came back the next day to get his computer, he found the worker didn’t do anything to it. Jack explained 4 and the worker nodded and smiled. Jack said he would come back the next day. That evening, Jack 5 his friend Anna to have dinner with him. He told her about his computer. Anna 6 and said, “The worker doesn’t understand what you want.” “But he keeps nodding at me,” Jack was 7 . Anna explained that nods and smiles don’t mean the same in India as they do in England. She 8 to go with him to the shop the next day. The worker in the shop was so 9 to see Anna. He had no 10 about what Jack wanted! In India, a nod means “I respect you”, not “yes, I know what you are talking about”! A smile can mean “sorry”. 1．A．languages B．customs C．people D．food 2．A．reminded B．described C．discussed D．counted 3．A．stopped B．avoided C．minded D．kept 4．A．much B．again C．too D．often 5．A．talked B．learnt C．asked D．enjoyed 6．A．cried B．disliked C．cheered D．laughed 7．A．angry B．bored C．surprised D．pleased 8．A．succeeded B．volunteered C．understood D．answered 9．A．scared B．strange C．sorry D．happy 10．A．way B．word C．idea D．matter 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A young American woman went to Beijing to study. When she arrived, she knew 1 about Chinese culture. On her way to school one day, she went to the 2 to get some money. 3 her surprise, the clerk asked her if she had had lunch. She was greatly surprised at such a question, because in American culture it would be 4 as an indirect (间接的) invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people, it can also show the young man’s 5 in dating (与……约会) the girl. After this, she went to school and was 6 more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question. By then, she 7 that it could not be an invitation, but doubted 8 they asked it. In the following days, she was asked the same question again and again, and she spent many hours trying to 9 why so many people kept asking her this. Finally, she believed people must care about her 10 . She was too thin at that time, 11 she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating properly! She began to eat 12 to put on weight. Much later, she discovered that the question had no real 13 at all. It was 14 a greeting like “How are you?”. Culture 15 are sometimes puzzling (令人迷惑的), but most of the time they are fun! 1．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 2．A．library B．bank C．restaurant D．hospital 3．A．To B．In C．With D．For 4．A．written B．praised C．reported D．seen 5．A．change B．interest C．worry D．doubt 6．A．only B．just C．even D．still 7．A．realized B．repeated C．mentioned D．greeted 8．A．how B．where C．why D．when 9．A．work out B．put out C．take out D．run out 10．A．job B．study C．medicine D．health 11．A．because B．so C．though D．if 12．A．less B．worse C．later D．more 13．A．power B．chance C．meaning D．discussion 14．A．simply B．hardly C．directly D．probably 15．A．methods B．skills C．programs D．differences 三、阅读理解 After coming to America, the use of “yes” and “no” brings me a lot of trouble, because the use in Korean (韩语) is different from that in English. For example, if I am asked, “Haven’t you had dinner yet?” and I have not had dinner yet, then in Korean I usually say “Yes, I haven’t.” But in English, I have to say, “No, I haven’t.” Because of this, my friends often get the opposite meaning from what I want to give them. One day only a month after I came to America, I had dinner with an American student, Bob. He asked me some questions and I answered them sincerely. A few days later, I found some roommates thought that I came from North Korea. One day, I stopped by Bob’s room and asked why he was spreading the wrong information. “Oh, you told me that. Don’t you remember?” he said, “when I asked you, ‘You are not from North Korea, are you?’ you clearly answered, ‘Yes, of course.’ Didn’t it mean that you are from North Korea?” The different use also causes problems between my friends and me. One weekend night, my roommate Mark brought his children into the dorm (宿舍). They made some noise while playing. I did not mind the noise since I was just watching TV. The next morning, I met Mark. He asked me with a smile, “Didn’t my children make noise last night? Didn’t it make you uncomfortable?” Because I did not mind the noise at all, I clearly said “Yes!” The smile suddenly disappeared from Mark’s face, and he said, “I am sorry about that. They are going right now. see you later.” I could not understand what he was sorry about, and I just said, “OK. Bye!” After a moment of thinking, I realized how stupid I was. That evening, I explained to Mark and said sorry to him. I knew he thought that I had been very rude. Now to deal with this problem, I have set simple rules: First, take a five-second break if I am not sure of “yes” or “no”. Second, use “pardon me”, so the person may explain to me in a direct way. 1．In Paragraph 3, when the writer answered “Yes”, Mark might think the writer was ________. A．rude B．kind C．helpful D．polite 2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to (指的是) ________. A．“yes” B．the noise C．watching TV D．the smile 3．If the writer is not sure of “yes” or “no” next time, he will say ________. A．“pardon me” B．“yes” C．“no” D．“I don’t know” 4．The writer writes the passage mainly to remind us ________. A．to work hard on English B．to learn to respect others C．never to use “yes” or “no” D．to know cultural differences Food brings people together across cultures, but table manners can create a cultural divide. What is considered normal in one country may surprise and even puzzle visitors in another. In Russia, passing a salt shaker directly may cause arguments. You should put it on the table instead. If you spill (洒) salt by accident, throw some over your left shoulder and laugh to avoid bad luck. In Italy, people usually don’t drink cappuccino (卡布奇诺咖啡) after 11 a.m. They believe milk is difficult to digest (消化) later in the stomach. In India, people often eat with their hands, but only the right hand is used. The left hand is thought unclean and must not be used at the dinner table. 1．What should you do if you spill salt in Russia? A．Leave it there and ignore it. B．Clean it up and say sorry. C．Throw it over your right shoulder for good luck. D．Throw a little over your left shoulder with a laugh. 2．Why don’t Italians drink cappuccino after 11 a.m.? A．It tastes better in the morning. B．It has too much caffeine for the afternoon. C．It’s a tradition passed down from ancient Rome. D．The milk is hard to digest and may harm the stomach. 3．Why can’t you eat with your left hand in India? A．It is used for drinking. B．It is seen as unclean. C．It is not strong enough. D．It is used for serving. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Indians often clean their left hands to spill salt. B．Passing salt directly to someone is welcome in Russia. C．Italians avoid drinking cappuccino after 11 a.m. for health. D．Both Russians and Indians dislike using the dinner table. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A travel magazine. B．A children’s storybook. C．A science report. D．A cooking guide. ①Do you like drinking tea? In some cultures, tea drinking is a social event with some customs. China and the UK are two countries with well-developed tea cultures. ②In China, there are traditional customs for tea drinking, from how to fill the teacup to ways of thanking the server. For example, a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the table with the index finger (食指) and middle finger. ③In China, tea customs can express different feelings. Offering tea to the elders, for example, is a way of showing respect. A newly married couple may serve tea during their wedding ceremony to express thanks to their parents. In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a way to say sorry. ④In the UK, afternoon tea is the most famous tea tradition. It started in the 1840s. It usually happens at around 4 p. m., but it can be a little earlier or later. It is a time for conversation and relaxation when people take a break from their day. Traditionally, afternoon tea is served with cakes and sandwiches. ⑤In the UK, high tea is a variation (变种) of afternoon tea. In the past, high tea was for working-class families that could not pay for a proper dinner. It happens a little later than afternoon tea and is served with a hot meal, including meat, homemade bread, vegetables... ⑥Tea customs play an important role in both China and the UK. In China, tea customs are a way to express feelings. In the UK, they let people relax and rest during a busy day. 1．What does the tea drinker mean when he knocks on the table with his index finger and middle finger in China? A．To show respect for elders. B．To thank the server. C．To express thanks to parents. D．To say sorry to someone. 2．What are the differences between afternoon tea and high tea? a. They happen at different times.     b. They happen in different countries. c. They were accepted by different classes.     d. They’re served with different foods. A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 3．How is the text organized? (1=Paragraph 1, 2=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce different ways of drinking tea. B．To show the influence of tea on life. C．To tell the history of tea development. D．To introduce tea cultures of two different countries. As the famous saying goes, “Food is the common language of humans.” Food is not only necessary for living, but also shows the cultures and customs in different countries. So, there are many differences for us to find out. It’s known that Chinese food culture pays attention to both nutrition (营养) and taste. Chinese people believe that food should be fresh and natural. And the materials should be carefully chosen. However, western food often uses butter and cheese to improve the taste of the food. About table manners, Chinese people use chopsticks to eat food. It is considered impolite to make a noise while eating. While westerners use a knife and fork, and it is allowed to make some noises while eating. Besides, Chinese people often share food with each other, while westerners don’t. What’s more, most people in the world seldom touch the food with fingers while eating. However, people in some Asian countries are used to having food by picking up with fingers directly, such as Indians and Mongolians. We should not judge other cultures based on our own interests. Instead, we should try to understand the differences. For example, if you are invited to have a Chinese dinner, you should try to use chopsticks and enjoy the different tastes of the food. If you have a western dinner, you should use a knife and fork. In a word, Chinese and western food cultures have their own characteristics. We should understand each other’s differences. 1．Which kind of food would Chinese prefer according to this text? A．Fried fast food. B．Delicious desserts. C．Fresh vegetables. D．Cheese-based dishes. 2．What can we know about Chinese and western food cultures? A．It is impolite to make a noise while eating in China. B．Western food focuses on achieving a balance of nutrition. C．Westerners often share food with each other while eating. D．Chinese food culture focuses on nutrition rather than taste. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The advantages of using chopsticks. B．The characteristics of western food culture. C．The importance of cultural understanding. D．The different tastes of the Chinese food. Culture Shock Many students today dream of studying or traveling abroad. They see pictures online and think life in other countries must be exciting and easy. However, when they really arrive in a new country, they may experience strong feelings of confusion and worry. This is called “culture shock.” Culture shock happens because people enter a new environment where language, customs, body language and social rules are completely different. Simple activities like eating, shopping or asking for help can become difficult and stressful. People may feel homesick, lonely or even angry without clear reasons. Yet culture shock is not completely bad. It helps people grow. By facing difficulties, students learn to be more independent and open‑minded. They begin to understand and respect different cultures. Slowly, they learn to enjoy the new lifestyle and make new friends. The key to solving culture shock is to keep an open mind, ask questions and not give up easily. Every challenging experience will finally become a helpful lesson in life.Questions 1．What is culture shock according to the passage? A．Excitement when traveling B．Confusion in a new culture C．Homesickness after returning home D．Anger toward foreign people 2．Why does culture shock happen? A．Because people travel too much B．Because people dislike their own country C．Because social rules are very different D．Because people have no friends 3．What good effect does culture shock have? A．It makes people dependent B．It helps people grow C．It brings easy life D．It reduces challenges 4．What is the writer’s attitude toward culture shock? A．Fearful B．Hopeful C．Negative D．Doubtful China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. 四、任务型阅读 The year 2026 is the Year of the Horse in the Chinese calendar. In different cultures, horses stand for similar things, but with occasional (偶尔的) exceptions. In China, the horse carries many positive meanings, such as smart and energetic, and we can see them in Chinese idioms. For example, a talented person is often called “qianlima”, a horse that covers a thousand li a day. And someone who is good at finding talent is referred to as “bole”, a person who could tell a good horse by its looks in ancient China. Other horse-related phrases in Chinese include “madaochenggong”, which means instant success and “longmajingshen”, which means full of energy. Horses are also said to have powerful brains with “excellent memories”, according to Discovery News. Maybe that’s why a Chinese idiom goes: “An old horse knows the way.” In other cultures, horses are also important and special. In the Middle Ages, the horse was a symbol of chivalry (骑士精神) and nobility (高贵品质) in Western societies. In fact, the word “chivalry” comes from the Old French word “cheval”, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to shape the 19th-century image of the “gentleman”, which was known for good manners, courage and loyalty (忠诚) to friends. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of energy, loyalty, strong will and intelligence, people born in the Year of the Horse are also believed to have these great qualities. 1．What kind of person is often called “qianlima”? 2．Why was the horse important in Western societies in the Middle Ages? 3．Would you like to be friends with people born in the Year of the Horse? Why? Manners play an important role in our daily life. They help us get along well with others and show respect for different cultures. In China, respecting teachers is a traditional virtue. There is a famous story about two students waiting in the snow for their teacher, Master Cheng. When they arrived at the master's house, he was sleeping. The students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside patiently. Soon, it began to snow heavily, and the snow covered them. When Master Cheng woke up, he was deeply moved by their respect. Museum rules are similar in many countries. Visitors must not touch or harm the artwork. They should keep quiet and avoid making noise. Listening to music or playing games on phones is allowed only if they wear earphones. These rules help protect the artwork and make the museum a peaceful place for everyone. Table manners vary from country to country. In China, people often sit in a circle during meals, which makes it easy for everyone to talk and share food. It's impolite to start eating before everyone is ready or to talk with food in the mouth. In Western countries, such as the UK, people usually sit around a rectangular table. Leaving a tip for the waiter after meals is a common practice, but it's not a tradition in China. Understanding these manners and cultural differences can help us communicate better with people from different backgrounds. 1．Why did the two students wait outside in the snow? 2．What are the common museum rules mentioned in the passage? 3．How do Chinese people usually sit during meals? 4．What is the impolite behavior at the dinner table in China? 5．What is the common practice after meals in the UK? 五、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 polite, learn, change, help, respect, become, follow, take, make, teach Good manners have 1 my life a lot over the past year. A year ago, I was a careless and rude boy. I often talked loudly in public places, cut in line, and forgot to say “thank you” and “please”. I didn’t have many friends, because no one liked to be with a rude person. But everything changed after I joined the school’s etiquette club. My teacher Ms. Li 2 me that good manners are very important in our daily life. She said that good manners are a way to show 3 and kindness to others. They can help us get along well with others, and 4 our life more pleasant. In the club, I 5 many different kinds of etiquette. I learned how to greet people 6 , how to behave in public places, how to have good table manners, and how to talk with others properly. I also took part in many practice activities, which 7 me use what I learned in real life. Day by day, I 8 more and more polite. I learned to wait in line patiently, keep quiet in public places, and be kind to everyone around me. My friends and family were surprised by my great 9 . I made more and more new friends, and I became more popular at school. Now, good manners have become a part of my life. I will always 10 the rules of good manners, and be a polite and civilized person. I also hope to tell more people about the importance of good manners, and help more people learn about etiquette. 从下面方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 polite  honest  respect  manner  difference  follow  custom  proper  praise  modest Good manners are an important part of every culture. Different countries have different 1 , and it’s important to learn about the proper manners when you are in a foreign country. First, you should learn about the 2 ways to greet people. In China, people usually shake hands when they meet. In the US, people often greet each other with a hug. In Japan, people bow to show 3 . You should follow the local way of greeting, so that you don’t make others feel uncomfortable. Second, you should know how to accept 4 properly. In the US, people will say “thank you” happily when they are praised. But in China, people are usually too 5 to accept praise openly. They often say “Nali, nali” instead. Third, you should 6 the local rules and customs. For example, in many countries, it’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food. It’s also impolite to be late for a meeting. You should learn about these 7 and follow them. Learning about different manners can help you understand the cultural 8 between different countries. It can also help you get on well with the local people. Remember: being 9 doesn’t mean you have to do something difficult. It just means you should be 10 , kind and respectful to others. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 六、书面表达 1．假如你是李华，请你以“Good manners”为题，写一篇短文，介绍作为一名中学生应该具备的文明礼仪。 提示要点： 1. 尊敬师长，礼貌待人； 2. 公共场所保持安静，不乱扔垃圾； 3. 排队等候，不插队； 4. 你的看法。 要求： 5. 词数60-80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 6. 文中必须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 7. 语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范。 Good manners Good manners are very important for us students. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners单元话题练 （语法填空+短文首字母填空+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作） 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式（不超过两个词），要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Do you know what people would like 1 (eat) on their birthday? Every year, 7.5 billion people living on the earth have a birthday, 2 they don’t celebrate it in the same way. Let me tell you some. In many 3 (country), people have birthday cakes with candles. The number of candles 4 the cake is the person’s age. The birthday person must make 5 wish and blow out the candles. In Hungary ear pulling is popular for the birthday person at the party. Also, it isn’t the only. Around 6,000 miles away in South America, Brazilians and Argentinians have a 6 (friend) birthday ear pulls. In China, it 7 (get) popular to have cake now. But most people still eat very long noodles for their birthday. They never cut the noodles up because 8 are a symbol of long and happy life. In some places, Chinese people eat the boiled eggs on their birthday, too. There is a special meaning behind it. It’s because the birthday person need to peel off the egg shell (壳) which stands for the past. So the person starts a new 9 (begin) in his or her life from now on. Though (虽然) all of the birthday food may be different, the ideas are the same. People think these ideas can bring good 10 (lucky) to the birthday person. 【答案】 1．to eat 2．but 3．countries 4．on 5．a 6．friendly 7．is getting 8．they 9．beginning 10．luck 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家和地区生日饮食及庆祝习俗。 1．句意：你知道人们在生日那天通常会想吃些什么吗？would like to do sth“想要做某事”，故填to eat。 2．句意：每年，地球上有 75 亿人迎来自己的生日，但他们的庆祝方式却各不相同。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。 3．句意：在许多国家，人们会用带有蜡烛的生日蛋糕来庆祝生日。many修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。 4．句意：蛋糕上的蜡烛数量就是这个人的年龄。根据“The number of candles...the cake is the person’s age.”可知，蜡烛在蛋糕上，on“在上面”符合语境，故填on。 5．句意：过生日的人必须许个愿并吹灭蜡烛。make a wish“许个愿”，故填a。 6．句意：在距离这里约6000英里的南美洲地区，巴西人和阿根廷人会举行一场友好的“生日拉手”活动。此处作定语修饰其后的名词短语，用形容词friendly“友好的”，故填friendly。 7．句意：在中国，现在吃蛋糕正变得越来越流行。本句时态是现在进行时，强调动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语部分为“is getting”。故填is getting。 8．句意：他们从不把面条切碎，因为面条象征着长久而幸福的生活。根据“They never cut the noodles up because...are a symbol of long and happy life.”可知，此处用代词they指代“noodles”，故填they。 9．句意：所以从现在起，这个人将开启自己人生的新篇章。此处用a修饰可数名词单数，beginning“开始”符合语境，故填beginning。 10．句意：人们认为这些想法能够为过生日的人带来好运。此处在动词后作宾语，用名词luck“运气”，故填luck。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eating habits are different in different 1 (country). The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, 2 eat less at dinner.” Many Americans agree that a man should start the day with 3 good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are quite different. How to eat for lunch and dinner is quite different in the two countries. Most Americans only have a short time to eat for lunch. So they eat a small lunch. After work they will have more time 4 (eat) a big dinner. Also, a big dinner at home with all the family talking about their days is a way 5 (take) a good rest after a long, hard day of work. Eating at restaurants is quite different. In China, people like talking and laughing while eating. Very often you can hear people 6 (talk) and laughing loudly and they are just having a good time. 7 , in America it is not 8 this. They want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world. If someone is talking too 9 (loud), the manager of the restaurant may come and ask them 10 be quiet. 【答案】 1．countries 2．but 3．a 4．to eat 5．to take 6．talking 7．However 8．like 9．loudly 10．to 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国和美国的饮食习惯的区别。 1．句意：饮食习惯在不同的国家是不同的。different后面接名词复数，countries符合句意，故填countries。 2．句意：中国人有句谚语，“早餐吃好东西，午餐吃大餐，但晚餐少吃。”前后两句是转折关系，but符合句意，故填but。 3．句意：美国人都认为应该以一顿丰盛的早餐开始新的一天，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法却不同。需要不定冠词表示泛指，good是辅音音素，故填a。 4．句意：下班后，他们将有更多的时间吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。have time to do sth“有时间做某事”，故填to eat。 5．句意：而且，在家里和所有的家人一起安静地吃晚餐，谈论他们的一天，是在漫长而辛苦的一天工作后好好休息的一种方式。根据“a way”可知，需要动词不定式作后置定语，故填to take。 6．句意：你经常可以听到人们大声说笑，他们只是玩得很开心。根据“laughing loudly”和“hear sb doing sth”可知，此处需要现在分词作宾语补足语，故填talking。 7．句意：然而在美国却不是这样。根据“in America it is not”可知，前后两句是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，however符合句意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 8．句意：然而在美国却不是这样。此处将中国和美国对比，美国不像这样，like符合句意，故填like。 9．句意：如果有人说话太大声，餐厅经理可能会出来叫他们安静。副词修饰动词，loudly符合句意，故填loudly。 10．句意：如果有人说话太大声，餐厅经理可能会出来叫他们安静。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，to 符合句意，故填to。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Today, I want 1 (share) something about customs around the world. As you may already know, people in different 2 (country) have their own way of life. What is polite in one country may not be in another. For example, in Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl 3 your mouth when you are having some soup. Besides, you should have the soup 4 (quiet). But in Japan, you needn’t worry about 5 (make) a noise when you drink something. It means you are enjoying 6 . Once, when I 7 (eat) at a restaurant in Tokyo with the British way of dining, the waiter came up 8 asked if everything was OK. This made me understand I should be 9 (careful) than I had thought. In short, it’s interesting to learn about these differences and it’s also important to remember “When in Rome (罗马), do as 10 Romans do.” 【答案】 1．to share 2．countries 3．to 4．quietly 5．making 6．it 7．was eating 8．and 9．more careful 10．the 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过切身经历来讲述不同国家的风俗习惯。 1．句意：今天，我想分享一些关于世界各地不同的风俗习惯。want to do sth.想要做某事。故填to share。 2．句意：正如你之前了解的那样，不同国家的人们有不同的生活方式。country可数名词，“国家”，different后接可数名词复数。故填countries。 3．句意：例如，在英国，当你喝汤的时候，你不能把碗举到嘴边。lift sth. to one’s mouth把某物举到某人嘴边。故填to。 4．句意：此外，你应该安静地喝汤。此处应该用副词修饰动词have。故填quietly。 5．句意：但是在日本，当你喝东西的时候，你不需要担心发出噪音。about关于，介词，后接动词ing形式。故填making。 6．句意：这意味着你正在享受它。 此处用it指代喝的东西。故填it。 7．句意：曾经，当我在东京用英国的吃饭方式在餐馆吃饭的时候。因为是过去的时候正在吃饭，所以用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语为I。故填was eating。 8．句意：服务员走过来问我一切是否都好。came up走近，asked问，两者为并列关系。故填and。 9．句意：这让我明白我应该比我想 象的更加小心。than比，前用形容词或副词的比较级，careful小心的，形容词，变比较级为more careful。故填more careful。 10．句意：当你在罗马的时候，要像罗马人一样做。此处特指罗马人这一群体，前面用定冠词the。故填the。 Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s i 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, i 2 a restaurant isn’t noisy and lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many Western countries, restaurants are q 3 places. If a table is too loud, other people who are eating there might e 4 complain to the owner of the restaurant. P 5 the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for e 6 . In Western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually s 7 the cost. This is called “going Dutch (均摊费用)”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually l 8 some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving tips”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, it’s common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is d 9 by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money! The way people eat food is different in the world, but you can find the s 10 kinds of food in many countries. Chinese food as well as Italian food, for example, is popular all over the world. 【答案】 1．important/mportant 2．if/f 3．quiet/uiet 4．even/ven 5．Paying/aying 6．everyone/veryone 7．share/hare 8．leave/eave 9．decided/ecided 10．same/ame 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地不同的礼仪习惯，重点对比了中外在餐厅就餐时的噪音礼仪、付账方式、给小费等差异，也提到各国美食存在共通之处。 1．句意：当你去世界各地的餐厅时，知道该做什么和不该做什么是很重要的。根据“know the right and wrong things to do”可知，了解礼仪是重要的，首字母i对应important“重要的”。 2．句意：事实上，如果一家餐厅不热闹，你可能会觉得它有问题。根据前后句逻辑可知，此处表示假设，首字母i对应if“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 3．句意：然而，在许多西方国家，餐厅是安静的地方。与中国餐厅吵闹对比可知，此处表示安静的，首字母q对应quiet“安静的”，修饰名词places。 4．句意：如果某一桌太吵，其他在那里吃饭的人甚至可能会向餐厅老板投诉。根据“complain to the owner”可知，此处表示甚至，首字母e对应even“甚至”，加强语气。 5．句意：付账在不同国家也不一样。根据“the bill”可知，此处表示付账，首字母P对应pay“支付”，作主语用动名词形式Paying。 6．句意：在中国，通常一个人为所有人付钱。根据“one person usually pays”可知，此处表示每个人，首字母e对应everyone“每个人”，符合语境。 7．句意：在西方国家，如果某人宴请客户，则由其独自付款，但是当朋友们一起吃饭时，他们通常分摊费用。根据“going Dutch”可知，此处表示分享、分摊，首字母s对应share“分摊”，usually提示用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。 8．句意：而且，西方人付账时，通常会给服务员留一些钱。根据“leaving tips”可知，此处表示留下，首字母l对应leave“留下”，usually提示用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。 9．句意：在美国，人们通常会按照账单金额的10%、15%或20%支付小费，这由服务质量好坏来决定。根据“by how good the service is”可知，此处表示被决定，首字母d对应decide“决定”，被动语态用过去分词decided。 10．句意：但你可以在许多国家找到相同种类的食物。根据“kinds of food”可知，此处表示相同的，首字母s对应same“相同的”，the same kinds“相同种类”。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Eating habits are different in different c 1 . The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for b 2 , eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.” Many people in the USA a 3 that one starts a day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are d 4 . Most people in America only give themselves a s 5 time to have their lunch, so they eat a small lunch. After work, they can have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family members talking about their day is a good way to take a good rest after a long, hard day of work. Eating in r 6 is also different. In China, very often you can hear people talking and laughing l 7 , and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. They usually eat a good meal far away f 8 the noisy places. If they make some n 9 , other people in the restaurant will look at them angrily, even the manager of the restaurant will ask them to be q 10 . 【答案】 1．(c)ountries 2．(b)reakfast 3．(a)gree 4．(d)ifferent 5．(s)hort 6．(r)estaurants 7．(l)oudly 8．(f)rom 9．(n)oise/(n)oises 10．(q)uiet 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文中谈到了中国人和美国人饮食习惯和文化的差异，告诉我们要尊重了各国的饮食文化和就餐习俗。 1．句意：饮食习惯在不同的国家是不同的。根据后文内容可知，是描述不同国家的不同饮食习惯，故填(c)ountries。 2．句意：中国人有句谚语:“早餐吃得好，午餐吃得丰盛，晚餐吃得少。”根据“Eat good things for b..., eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.”可知，此处指早餐，故填(b)reakfast。 3．句意：许多美国人都同意早餐是一天的开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法是不同的。根据“Many people in the USA a...that one starts a day with a good breakfast”可知，许多美国人都同意早餐是一天的开始，故填(a)gree。 4．句意：许多美国人都同意早餐是一天的开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法是不同的。根据“but their ideas about lunch and dinner are d...”可知，前后句意转折，此处表示“对午餐和晚餐的看法是不同的”，故填(d)ifferent。 5．句意：大多数美国人只给自己很短的时间吃午饭，所以他们吃的午饭很少。根据“Most people in America only give themselves a s...time to have their lunch”可知，吃午饭的时间很短，故填(s)hort。 6．句意：在餐馆吃饭也不一样。根据“Eating in r...is also different.”可知，在餐馆吃饭也不一样。故填(r)estaurants。 7．句意：在中国，你经常可以听到人们大声地说笑，他们只是玩得很开心。根据“very often you can hear people talking and laughing l...”可知，是大声地说笑，故填(l)oudly。 8．句意：他们通常在远离嘈杂的地方吃一顿好饭。根据“They usually eat a good meal far away f...the noisy places.”可知，是far away from短语，意为“远离……”，故填(f)rom。 9．句意：如果他们制造一些噪音，餐厅里的其他人会生气地看着他们，甚至餐厅经理也会要求他们保持安静。根据“If they make some n..., other people in the restaurant will look at them angrily”可知，此处是make noise/noises短语，意为“制造噪音”，故填(n)oise/(n)oises。 10．句意：如果他们制造一些噪音，餐厅里的其他人会生气地看着他们，甚至餐厅经理也会要求他们保持安静。根据“even the manager of the restaurant will ask them to be q...”可知，声音很大的话，经理会让他保持安静，故填(q)uiet。 二、完形填空 I’m having a great time with my host family in France. I was nervous before I 1 here, but there was no need to be. My host family is really nice. Miss Green always talks to me in French to help me practice. So my French has 2 a lot. I still make lots of 3 , but I don’t worry as 4 as I used to. My biggest problem of all is learning how to act at the dinner table. Things are very different 5 the way they’re at home. For example, you shouldn’t put your elbows (肘) on the table. When I first arrived here, I thought that was quite 6 . But now I’m used to it. Another 7 is that it’s not very 8 to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more 9 , you should just say, “That was delicious.” I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m getting used to it. I don’t find 10 customs (习俗) so strange any more. 1．A．arrived B．left C．hid D．shook 2．A．prepared B．rubbed C．bumped D．improved 3．A．mistakes B．friends C．hugs D．manners 4．A．few B．bit C．much D．little 5．A．with B．from C．for D．of 6．A．formal B．confusing C．proper D．common 7．A．grammar B．reason C．result D．example 8．A．dangerous B．embarrassing C．polite D．rude 9．A．servings B．kisses C．fists D．cheeks 10．A．Australian B．British C．French D．Indian 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在法国寄宿家庭的生活经历。初到法国时，作者因语言和餐桌礼仪的差异感到紧张和困惑，但在寄宿家庭的帮助下，法语水平得到了提升，并且逐渐适应了当地的风俗习惯。 1．句意：在我到这里之前，我很紧张，但其实没必要紧张。 arrived到达；left离开；hid隐藏；shook摇晃。根据“I’m having a great time with my host family in France.”可知前文提到作者在法国的寄宿家庭，此处表达“到达这里”的含义，“arrived” 符合语境。故选 A。 2．句意：所以我的法语进步了很多。 prepared准备；rubbed摩擦；bumped碰撞；improved提高，改善。根据前文“Miss Green always talks to me in French to help me practice”，可知作者的法语得到了提升。故选D。 3．句意：我仍然会犯很多错误，但我不像过去那样担心了。 mistakes错误；friends朋友；hugs拥抱；manners礼仪。固定搭配“make mistakes” 意为 “犯错误”，符合学法语的语境。故选A。 4．句意：我仍然会犯很多错误，但我不像过去那样担心了。 few很少；bit一点；much很多；little很少。“as much as” 用于表示程度，此处指 “我不像过去那样担心了”。故选C。 5．句意：这里的情况和家里的方式非常不同。 with和；from从；for为了；of……的。固定搭配 “ be different from” 意为 “与……不同”，表示法国的餐桌礼仪和家里的不一样。故选B。 6．句意：当我第一次到这里时，我认为这相当令人困惑。 formal正式的；confusing令人困惑的；proper合适的；common常见的。根据前文 “Things are very different from the way they’re at home”可知，作者刚到法国时觉得餐桌礼仪很令人困惑。“confusing”符合语境。故选 B。 7．句意：另一个例子是，说你吃饱了是不太礼貌的。 grammar语法；reason原因；result结果；example例子。前文用了“For example”，此处继续举例，故选D。 8．句意：另一个例子是，说你吃饱了是不太礼貌的。 dangerous危险的；embarrassing令人尴尬的；polite礼貌的；rude粗鲁的。根据西方餐桌礼仪常识，及下句中“you should just say,‘That was delicious.’”可知，直接说自己吃饱了是不礼貌的行为。故选 C。 9．句意：如果你不想要更多的食物，你应该只说：“真好吃。” servings（食物的）一份；kisses吻；fists拳头；cheeks脸颊。“servings” 在此处指 “（食物的）一份”，“any more servings” 意为 “再要几份食物”，符合语境。故选A。 10．句意：我不再觉得法国的习俗那么陌生了。 Australian澳大利亚的；British英国的；French法国的；Indian印度的。文章开头提到作者在法国的寄宿家庭，因此此处指不再觉得法国的习俗那么陌生了，“French” 符合语境。故选C。 Jack is on holiday in India. It’s a place with a long history and he is enjoying it very much. He doesn’t know much about the local 1 , but he does his best with a few words he knows. He is also learning some Indian customs. Last week, Jack wanted to get his computer fixed because it didn’t work. He went into a local computer shop and 2 the problem to the worker in the shop. The worker 3 nodding his head and smiling. He seemed to understand everything. When Jack came back the next day to get his computer, he found the worker didn’t do anything to it. Jack explained 4 and the worker nodded and smiled. Jack said he would come back the next day. That evening, Jack 5 his friend Anna to have dinner with him. He told her about his computer. Anna 6 and said, “The worker doesn’t understand what you want.” “But he keeps nodding at me,” Jack was 7 . Anna explained that nods and smiles don’t mean the same in India as they do in England. She 8 to go with him to the shop the next day. The worker in the shop was so 9 to see Anna. He had no 10 about what Jack wanted! In India, a nod means “I respect you”, not “yes, I know what you are talking about”! A smile can mean “sorry”. 1．A．languages B．customs C．people D．food 2．A．reminded B．described C．discussed D．counted 3．A．stopped B．avoided C．minded D．kept 4．A．much B．again C．too D．often 5．A．talked B．learnt C．asked D．enjoyed 6．A．cried B．disliked C．cheered D．laughed 7．A．angry B．bored C．surprised D．pleased 8．A．succeeded B．volunteered C．understood D．answered 9．A．scared B．strange C．sorry D．happy 10．A．way B．word C．idea D．matter 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了Jack在印度度假时，因不了解当地的肢体语言习俗而产生的误会：他去修电脑，店员一直点头微笑，Jack以为对方理解了，但实际上店员并没有明白他的需求。最后在朋友Anna的帮助下，才化解了这个误会。 1．句意：他对当地的语言了解不多，但他会尽力用他所知道的几个词来交流。 languages语言；customs习俗；people人们；food食物。根据“but he does his best with a few words he knows”可知，Jack对当地的语言了解不多。故选A。 2．句意：他走进一家当地的电脑店，向店里的工作人员描述了问题。 reminded提醒；described描述；discussed讨论；counted数数。根据“the problem to the worker”可知，Jack去修电脑，需要向店员描述电脑的问题。故选B。 3．句意：工作人员一直点头微笑。 stopped停止；avoided避免；minded介意；kept持续。根据“But he keeps nodding at me,”可知，店员一直点头微笑，用kept doing sth表示“持续做某事”。故选D。 4．句意：Jack再次解释，工作人员点头微笑。 much很多；again再次；too也；often经常。根据“he found the worker didn’t do anything to it”可知，Jack发现电脑没修，于是再次解释问题。故选B。 5．句意：那天晚上，Jack请了他的朋友Anna和他一起吃晚饭。 talked谈话；learnt学习；asked请求；enjoyed享受。根据“Jack...his friend Anna to have dinner with him”可知，Jack请了他的朋友Anna和他一起吃晚饭；ask sb to do sth表示“邀请/请求某人做某事”。故选C。 6．句意：Anna笑了，说：“那个工作人员没有明白你想要什么。” cried哭；disliked不喜欢；cheered欢呼；laughed笑。根据“The worker doesn’t understand what you want.”可知，Anna听了Jack的经历后笑了，因为她明白问题所在。故选D。 7．句意：“但他一直对我点头啊，”Jack感到很惊讶。 angry生气的；bored厌倦的；surprised惊讶的；pleased高兴的。根据“But he keeps nodding at me,”可知，Jack对店员一直点头却没修电脑感到惊讶。故选C。 8．句意：她主动提出第二天和他一起去店里。 succeeded成功；volunteered自愿；understood理解；answered回答。根据“She...to go with him to the shop the next day.”可知，Anna自愿第二天陪 Jack 去店里。故选B。 9．句意：工作人员看到Anna非常高兴。 scared害怕的；strange奇怪的；sorry抱歉的；happy高兴的。根据“The worker in the shop was so...to see Anna.”可知，店员看到能沟通的Anna后，应该是高兴的。故选D。 10．句意：他不知道Jack想要什么！ way方式；word话语；idea想法；matter事情。 have no idea表示“不知道、不理解”，是固定表达。故选C。 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A young American woman went to Beijing to study. When she arrived, she knew 1 about Chinese culture. On her way to school one day, she went to the 2 to get some money. 3 her surprise, the clerk asked her if she had had lunch. She was greatly surprised at such a question, because in American culture it would be 4 as an indirect (间接的) invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people, it can also show the young man’s 5 in dating (与……约会) the girl. After this, she went to school and was 6 more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question. By then, she 7 that it could not be an invitation, but doubted 8 they asked it. In the following days, she was asked the same question again and again, and she spent many hours trying to 9 why so many people kept asking her this. Finally, she believed people must care about her 10 . She was too thin at that time, 11 she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating properly! She began to eat 12 to put on weight. Much later, she discovered that the question had no real 13 at all. It was 14 a greeting like “How are you?”. Culture 15 are sometimes puzzling (令人迷惑的), but most of the time they are fun! 1．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 2．A．library B．bank C．restaurant D．hospital 3．A．To B．In C．With D．For 4．A．written B．praised C．reported D．seen 5．A．change B．interest C．worry D．doubt 6．A．only B．just C．even D．still 7．A．realized B．repeated C．mentioned D．greeted 8．A．how B．where C．why D．when 9．A．work out B．put out C．take out D．run out 10．A．job B．study C．medicine D．health 11．A．because B．so C．though D．if 12．A．less B．worse C．later D．more 13．A．power B．chance C．meaning D．discussion 14．A．simply B．hardly C．directly D．probably 15．A．methods B．skills C．programs D．differences 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位美国年轻女性到北京留学的文化趣事。 1．句意：一位年轻的美国女性到北京学习，刚到的时候，她对中国文化一无所知。 something某些事物；anything任何事物；nothing没有什么；everything一切。根据“A young American woman went to Beijing to study. When she arrived, she knew...about Chinese culture.”可知，know nothing about sth表示“对某事一无所知”，前文说到她刚到北京留学，说明她完全不了解中国文化。故选C。 2．句意：有一天在去学校的路上，她去银行取一些钱。 library图书馆；bank银行；restaurant餐馆；hospital医院。根据“she went to the...to get some money.”可知，银行是取钱的场所。故选B。 3．句意：令她惊讶的是，银行职员问她有没有吃过午饭。 To朝向；In在……里面；With和；For为了。根据“...her surprise, the clerk asked her if she had had lunch.”可知，to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”。故选A。 4．句意：她对这个问题感到非常惊讶，因为在美国文化中，这句话会被看作是去吃午饭的间接邀请。 written写；praised称赞；reported报道；seen看见。根据“it would be...as an indirect invitation to lunch.”可知，be seen as“被看作、被视为”。故选D。 5．句意：在未婚的年轻人之间，这句话还会被视作男生想和女生约会的一种心意表达。 change改变；interest兴趣；worry担忧；doubt怀疑。根据“it can also show the young man’s...in dating the girl.”可知，show interest in sth/doing sth“展示对……的兴趣”。故选B。 6．句意：这件事之后，她去了学校，当其中一位老师也问她同样的问题时，她感到甚至更惊讶了。 only只有；just仅仅；even甚至；still仍然。根据“she went to school and was...more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question.”可知，even可修饰比较级，表“甚至更……”，是表递进的副词。故选C。 7．句意：到那时，她意识到这句话不可能是邀请，却又疑惑他们为什么要问这个问题。 realized意识到；repeated重复；mentioned提及；greeted打招呼。根据“she...that it could not be an invitation”可知，此处指意识到这句话不可能是邀请。故选A。 8．句意：到那时，她意识到这句话不可能是邀请，却又疑惑他们为什么要问这个问题。 how怎样；where在哪里；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“but doubted...they asked it.”可知，前文“意识到不是邀请”，后文“她花很多时间探究这个问题”，说明她此时的疑惑是“为什么人们会问这个问题”，why表原因。故选C。 9．句意：在接下来的日子里，她一次又一次被问到这个问题，她花了好几个小时试图弄明白，为什么这么多人总问她这个。 work out弄清楚；put out熄灭；take out拿出；run out用光。根据“and she spent many hours trying to...why so many people kept asking her this.”可知，此处指花数小时试图弄明白为什么总有人问这个问题。故选A。 10．句意：最后，她认为人们一定是在关心她的健康。 job职业；study学习；medicine药；health健康。根据“Finally, she believed people must care about her...”可知，她太瘦了与担心她吃得不好，可知她认为人们是关心她的健康。故选D。 11．句意：她那时候太瘦了，所以她认为人们一定是担心她吃得不好。 because因为；so所以；though尽管；if如果。根据“She was too thin at that time...she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating properly!”可知，前后句是前因后果，她那时候太瘦了， 所以认为人们担心她吃得不好。故选B。 12．句意：她开始吃更多的东西来增重。 less更少的；worse更差的；later稍后；more更多的。根据“She began to eat...to put on weight.”可知，增重的方式是吃更多的东西。故选D。 13．句意：很久以后，她才发现这个问题其实根本没有任何实际意义。 power力量；chance机会；meaning意义；discussion讨论。根据“she discovered that the question had no real...at all.”可知，此处指这个问题本身没有实际意义。故选C。 14．句意：这句话仅仅是一句像“你好吗？”一样的问候语。 simply仅仅；hardly几乎不；directly直接地；probably可能地。根据“It was...a greeting like ‘How are you?’.”可知，simply表强调，突出“只是简单的问候，无其他含义”。故选A。 15．句意：文化差异有时会令人感到迷惑，但大多数时候这些差异都十分有趣。 methods方法；skills技能；programs节目；differences差异。根据文章可知，本文核心是通过“吃了吗”的误会，讲述中美文化之间的差异。故选D。 三、阅读理解 After coming to America, the use of “yes” and “no” brings me a lot of trouble, because the use in Korean (韩语) is different from that in English. For example, if I am asked, “Haven’t you had dinner yet?” and I have not had dinner yet, then in Korean I usually say “Yes, I haven’t.” But in English, I have to say, “No, I haven’t.” Because of this, my friends often get the opposite meaning from what I want to give them. One day only a month after I came to America, I had dinner with an American student, Bob. He asked me some questions and I answered them sincerely. A few days later, I found some roommates thought that I came from North Korea. One day, I stopped by Bob’s room and asked why he was spreading the wrong information. “Oh, you told me that. Don’t you remember?” he said, “when I asked you, ‘You are not from North Korea, are you?’ you clearly answered, ‘Yes, of course.’ Didn’t it mean that you are from North Korea?” The different use also causes problems between my friends and me. One weekend night, my roommate Mark brought his children into the dorm (宿舍). They made some noise while playing. I did not mind the noise since I was just watching TV. The next morning, I met Mark. He asked me with a smile, “Didn’t my children make noise last night? Didn’t it make you uncomfortable?” Because I did not mind the noise at all, I clearly said “Yes!” The smile suddenly disappeared from Mark’s face, and he said, “I am sorry about that. They are going right now. see you later.” I could not understand what he was sorry about, and I just said, “OK. Bye!” After a moment of thinking, I realized how stupid I was. That evening, I explained to Mark and said sorry to him. I knew he thought that I had been very rude. Now to deal with this problem, I have set simple rules: First, take a five-second break if I am not sure of “yes” or “no”. Second, use “pardon me”, so the person may explain to me in a direct way. 1．In Paragraph 3, when the writer answered “Yes”, Mark might think the writer was ________. A．rude B．kind C．helpful D．polite 2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to (指的是) ________. A．“yes” B．the noise C．watching TV D．the smile 3．If the writer is not sure of “yes” or “no” next time, he will say ________. A．“pardon me” B．“yes” C．“no” D．“I don’t know” 4．The writer writes the passage mainly to remind us ________. A．to work hard on English B．to learn to respect others C．never to use “yes” or “no” D．to know cultural differences 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文讲述了韩英文化中“是/否”回答习惯的差异，作者赴美后因语言文化差异多次造成误会，最后总结了自己的应对解决办法，点明跨文化差异的重要性。 1．根据第三段，作者回答“Yes”后，Mark的笑容消失、连忙道歉，事后作者才意识到对方觉得自己非常粗鲁，因此Mark会认为作者很没礼貌、粗鲁。 2．第三段划线词前文“Didn’t my children make noise last night?”，后文是作者对噪音的看法，因此it指代的就是前文提到的噪音。 3．根据最后一段“Second, use ‘pardon me’, so the person may explain to me in a direct way.”，当不确定yes或no的时候，作者会说pardon me。 4．全文围绕韩语与英语在肯定否定回答上的文化差异、由此引发的误会展开写作，核心是提醒我们要重视、了解不同的文化差异。 Food brings people together across cultures, but table manners can create a cultural divide. What is considered normal in one country may surprise and even puzzle visitors in another. In Russia, passing a salt shaker directly may cause arguments. You should put it on the table instead. If you spill (洒) salt by accident, throw some over your left shoulder and laugh to avoid bad luck. In Italy, people usually don’t drink cappuccino (卡布奇诺咖啡) after 11 a.m. They believe milk is difficult to digest (消化) later in the stomach. In India, people often eat with their hands, but only the right hand is used. The left hand is thought unclean and must not be used at the dinner table. 1．What should you do if you spill salt in Russia? A．Leave it there and ignore it. B．Clean it up and say sorry. C．Throw it over your right shoulder for good luck. D．Throw a little over your left shoulder with a laugh. 2．Why don’t Italians drink cappuccino after 11 a.m.? A．It tastes better in the morning. B．It has too much caffeine for the afternoon. C．It’s a tradition passed down from ancient Rome. D．The milk is hard to digest and may harm the stomach. 3．Why can’t you eat with your left hand in India? A．It is used for drinking. B．It is seen as unclean. C．It is not strong enough. D．It is used for serving. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Indians often clean their left hands to spill salt. B．Passing salt directly to someone is welcome in Russia. C．Italians avoid drinking cappuccino after 11 a.m. for health. D．Both Russians and Indians dislike using the dinner table. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A travel magazine. B．A children’s storybook. C．A science report. D．A cooking guide. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了俄罗斯、意大利和印度三个国家不同的餐桌礼仪，包括递盐、饮用卡布奇诺的时间以及用餐时手部的使用规范等。 1．第二段指出做法：“If you spill salt by accident, throw some over your left shoulder and laugh to avoid bad luck”，这直接说明在俄罗斯如果不小心洒了盐，要往左肩扔一点并笑着避免坏运气。 2．第三段说明原因：“They believe milk is difficult to digest later in the stomach”，并指出意大利人通常上午11点后不喝卡布奇诺，因此他们认为此时牛奶难以消化。 3．第四段说明原因：“The left hand is thought unclean and must not be used at the dinner table”，说明在印度不能用左手吃饭是因为左手被认为是不干净的。 4．第三段提及相关信息：“In Italy, people usually don’t drink cappuccino after 11 a.m. They believe milk is difficult to digest later in the stomach”，结合选项可知，意大利人上午11点后不喝卡布奇诺是出于健康考虑，该表述符合文意。 5．全文围绕不同国家的餐桌礼仪展开，这类介绍各国文化习俗的内容通常会出现在旅游杂志中，帮助旅行者了解当地礼仪，因此该文章最可能来自旅游杂志。 ①Do you like drinking tea? In some cultures, tea drinking is a social event with some customs. China and the UK are two countries with well-developed tea cultures. ②In China, there are traditional customs for tea drinking, from how to fill the teacup to ways of thanking the server. For example, a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the table with the index finger (食指) and middle finger. ③In China, tea customs can express different feelings. Offering tea to the elders, for example, is a way of showing respect. A newly married couple may serve tea during their wedding ceremony to express thanks to their parents. In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a way to say sorry. ④In the UK, afternoon tea is the most famous tea tradition. It started in the 1840s. It usually happens at around 4 p. m., but it can be a little earlier or later. It is a time for conversation and relaxation when people take a break from their day. Traditionally, afternoon tea is served with cakes and sandwiches. ⑤In the UK, high tea is a variation (变种) of afternoon tea. In the past, high tea was for working-class families that could not pay for a proper dinner. It happens a little later than afternoon tea and is served with a hot meal, including meat, homemade bread, vegetables... ⑥Tea customs play an important role in both China and the UK. In China, tea customs are a way to express feelings. In the UK, they let people relax and rest during a busy day. 1．What does the tea drinker mean when he knocks on the table with his index finger and middle finger in China? A．To show respect for elders. B．To thank the server. C．To express thanks to parents. D．To say sorry to someone. 2．What are the differences between afternoon tea and high tea? a. They happen at different times.     b. They happen in different countries. c. They were accepted by different classes.     d. They’re served with different foods. A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 3．How is the text organized? (1=Paragraph 1, 2=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce different ways of drinking tea. B．To show the influence of tea on life. C．To tell the history of tea development. D．To introduce tea cultures of two different countries. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国和英国各自的茶文化习俗。 1．第②段明确提到“a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the table with the index finger (食指) and middle finger.”，这说明喝茶的人可以用食指和中指敲桌子来感谢服务员。 2．第④⑤段明确提到，afternoon tea 约下午4点，high tea稍晚；high tea是工薪阶层，afternoon tea是传统上属上层社会；afternoon tea配蛋糕和三明治，high tea配热餐(肉、面包、蔬菜)，因此正确组合为acd。 3．通读全文可知，第①段引出话题，点明中国和英国都有发达的茶文化；第②③段介绍中国的茶文化习俗；第④⑤段介绍英国的茶文化；第⑥段总结两国茶文化的不同作用，如C图所示。 4．文章第①段明确点出“China and the UK are two countries with well-developed tea cultures”，全文围绕中国和英国的茶文化习俗展开，分别介绍各自的传统、含义和特色。 As the famous saying goes, “Food is the common language of humans.” Food is not only necessary for living, but also shows the cultures and customs in different countries. So, there are many differences for us to find out. It’s known that Chinese food culture pays attention to both nutrition (营养) and taste. Chinese people believe that food should be fresh and natural. And the materials should be carefully chosen. However, western food often uses butter and cheese to improve the taste of the food. About table manners, Chinese people use chopsticks to eat food. It is considered impolite to make a noise while eating. While westerners use a knife and fork, and it is allowed to make some noises while eating. Besides, Chinese people often share food with each other, while westerners don’t. What’s more, most people in the world seldom touch the food with fingers while eating. However, people in some Asian countries are used to having food by picking up with fingers directly, such as Indians and Mongolians. We should not judge other cultures based on our own interests. Instead, we should try to understand the differences. For example, if you are invited to have a Chinese dinner, you should try to use chopsticks and enjoy the different tastes of the food. If you have a western dinner, you should use a knife and fork. In a word, Chinese and western food cultures have their own characteristics. We should understand each other’s differences. 1．Which kind of food would Chinese prefer according to this text? A．Fried fast food. B．Delicious desserts. C．Fresh vegetables. D．Cheese-based dishes. 2．What can we know about Chinese and western food cultures? A．It is impolite to make a noise while eating in China. B．Western food focuses on achieving a balance of nutrition. C．Westerners often share food with each other while eating. D．Chinese food culture focuses on nutrition rather than taste. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The advantages of using chopsticks. B．The characteristics of western food culture. C．The importance of cultural understanding. D．The different tastes of the Chinese food. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中西方饮食文化的差异，包括食材选择、餐桌礼仪等方面，并强调应理解不同文化间的差异。 1．文章第二段指出“Chinese people believe that food should be fresh and natural.”，说明中国人偏好新鲜自然的食物，选项C“新鲜蔬菜”符合这一描述。 2．文章第三段提到“It is considered impolite to make a noise while eating.”说明在中国吃饭时发出噪音是不礼貌的。 3．文章第四段开头指出“We should not judge other cultures based on our own interests. Instead, we should try to understand the differences.”，表明该段主要讲述的是理解不同文化的重要性。 Culture Shock Many students today dream of studying or traveling abroad. They see pictures online and think life in other countries must be exciting and easy. However, when they really arrive in a new country, they may experience strong feelings of confusion and worry. This is called “culture shock.” Culture shock happens because people enter a new environment where language, customs, body language and social rules are completely different. Simple activities like eating, shopping or asking for help can become difficult and stressful. People may feel homesick, lonely or even angry without clear reasons. Yet culture shock is not completely bad. It helps people grow. By facing difficulties, students learn to be more independent and open‑minded. They begin to understand and respect different cultures. Slowly, they learn to enjoy the new lifestyle and make new friends. The key to solving culture shock is to keep an open mind, ask questions and not give up easily. Every challenging experience will finally become a helpful lesson in life.Questions 1．What is culture shock according to the passage? A．Excitement when traveling B．Confusion in a new culture C．Homesickness after returning home D．Anger toward foreign people 2．Why does culture shock happen? A．Because people travel too much B．Because people dislike their own country C．Because social rules are very different D．Because people have no friends 3．What good effect does culture shock have? A．It makes people dependent B．It helps people grow C．It brings easy life D．It reduces challenges 4．What is the writer’s attitude toward culture shock? A．Fearful B．Hopeful C．Negative D．Doubtful 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文化冲击的定义、产生原因、积极影响以及应对方法，阐明了文化冲击虽会带来不适，但也能促进个人成长，最终会成为人生中有益的一课。 1．第一段指出定义：“when they really arrive in a new country, they may experience strong feelings of confusion and worry. This is called ‘culture shock.’”，这直接说明文化冲击是在新文化中产生的困惑感。 2．第二段说明原因：“Culture shock happens because people enter a new environment where language, customs, body language and social rules are completely different.”，这直接说明文化冲击产生的原因是社会规则等完全不同。 3．第三段指出益处：“Yet culture shock is not completely bad. It helps people grow.”，这直接说明文化冲击的积极影响是帮助人们成长。 4．最后一段点明态度：“Every challenging experience will finally become a helpful lesson in life.”，说明作者对文化冲击持充满希望的积极态度。 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人热情好客的待客习俗与礼仪文化。 1．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality.”，可以猜测其他家庭成员正在厨房准备的“feast”和后文的“a rich meal”意思对应，也就是大餐、盛宴，与B选项表达一致。 2．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat...”，可知中国主人准备比客人能吃完的更多的食物，是为了表达热情好客，与A选项表达一致。 3．根据第3段“What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists in Western dining culture.”，可知用餐时最让西方客人惊讶的是主人给客人夹菜。 4．根据全文内容可知，文章围绕中国人的待客礼仪展开，从奉茶、备餐到用餐细节，体现了中国人的热情好客与待客习俗，与C选项表达一致。 四、任务型阅读 The year 2026 is the Year of the Horse in the Chinese calendar. In different cultures, horses stand for similar things, but with occasional (偶尔的) exceptions. In China, the horse carries many positive meanings, such as smart and energetic, and we can see them in Chinese idioms. For example, a talented person is often called “qianlima”, a horse that covers a thousand li a day. And someone who is good at finding talent is referred to as “bole”, a person who could tell a good horse by its looks in ancient China. Other horse-related phrases in Chinese include “madaochenggong”, which means instant success and “longmajingshen”, which means full of energy. Horses are also said to have powerful brains with “excellent memories”, according to Discovery News. Maybe that’s why a Chinese idiom goes: “An old horse knows the way.” In other cultures, horses are also important and special. In the Middle Ages, the horse was a symbol of chivalry (骑士精神) and nobility (高贵品质) in Western societies. In fact, the word “chivalry” comes from the Old French word “cheval”, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to shape the 19th-century image of the “gentleman”, which was known for good manners, courage and loyalty (忠诚) to friends. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of energy, loyalty, strong will and intelligence, people born in the Year of the Horse are also believed to have these great qualities. 1．What kind of person is often called “qianlima”? 2．Why was the horse important in Western societies in the Middle Ages? 3．Would you like to be friends with people born in the Year of the Horse? Why? 【答案】1．A talented person. 2．Because it stood for chivalry and nobility. 3．Yes, I’d like to. Because they are energetic, loyal and intelligent. 【导语】本文介绍马在中外文化中的象征含义、相关典故，以及属马之人被赋予的美好特质。 1．第二段给出定义：“a talented person is often called ‘qianlima’”，可直接提取原文信息作答。 2．第四段说明缘由：“the horse was a symbol of chivalry and nobility in Western societies”，整合原文关键信息即可作答。 3．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，结合文中马代表活力、忠诚、聪慧等优良品质，说明愿意和属马的人做朋友并给出合理理由，表述通顺合理即可。 Manners play an important role in our daily life. They help us get along well with others and show respect for different cultures. In China, respecting teachers is a traditional virtue. There is a famous story about two students waiting in the snow for their teacher, Master Cheng. When they arrived at the master's house, he was sleeping. The students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside patiently. Soon, it began to snow heavily, and the snow covered them. When Master Cheng woke up, he was deeply moved by their respect. Museum rules are similar in many countries. Visitors must not touch or harm the artwork. They should keep quiet and avoid making noise. Listening to music or playing games on phones is allowed only if they wear earphones. These rules help protect the artwork and make the museum a peaceful place for everyone. Table manners vary from country to country. In China, people often sit in a circle during meals, which makes it easy for everyone to talk and share food. It's impolite to start eating before everyone is ready or to talk with food in the mouth. In Western countries, such as the UK, people usually sit around a rectangular table. Leaving a tip for the waiter after meals is a common practice, but it's not a tradition in China. Understanding these manners and cultural differences can help us communicate better with people from different backgrounds. 1．Why did the two students wait outside in the snow? 2．What are the common museum rules mentioned in the passage? 3．How do Chinese people usually sit during meals? 4．What is the impolite behavior at the dinner table in China? 5．What is the common practice after meals in the UK? 【答案】1．Because they were too polite to wake Master Cheng up. 2．Visitors must not touch or harm the artwork; they should keep quiet and wear earphones when listening to music or playing games on phones. 3．They usually sit in a circle. 4．Starting eating before everyone is ready or talking with food in the mouth. 5．Leaving a tip for the waiter. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国和西方国家在不同文化背景下的礼仪。 1．文章第二段讲述了程门立雪的故事，“The students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside patiently.”直接给出答案，他们太礼貌而不能叫醒老师。 2．文章第三段“Visitors must not touch or harm the artwork. They should keep quiet and avoid making noise. Listening to music or playing games on phones is allowed only if they wear earphones. ”具体给出了在博物馆应该遵守的规则，根据题干要求，应一一列明。 3．文章第四段“In China, people often sit in a circle during meals.”具体交代了中国人吃饭时如何就坐。 4．文章第四段“It's impolite to start eating before everyone is ready or to talk with food in the mouth.”直接说明了餐桌的不文明行为。 5．文章第四段“Leaving a tip for the waiter after meals is a common practice”介绍了在英国吃饭时的习惯做法。 五、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 polite, learn, change, help, respect, become, follow, take, make, teach Good manners have 1 my life a lot over the past year. A year ago, I was a careless and rude boy. I often talked loudly in public places, cut in line, and forgot to say “thank you” and “please”. I didn’t have many friends, because no one liked to be with a rude person. But everything changed after I joined the school’s etiquette club. My teacher Ms. Li 2 me that good manners are very important in our daily life. She said that good manners are a way to show 3 and kindness to others. They can help us get along well with others, and 4 our life more pleasant. In the club, I 5 many different kinds of etiquette. I learned how to greet people 6 , how to behave in public places, how to have good table manners, and how to talk with others properly. I also took part in many practice activities, which 7 me use what I learned in real life. Day by day, I 8 more and more polite. I learned to wait in line patiently, keep quiet in public places, and be kind to everyone around me. My friends and family were surprised by my great 9 . I made more and more new friends, and I became more popular at school. Now, good manners have become a part of my life. I will always 10 the rules of good manners, and be a polite and civilized person. I also hope to tell more people about the importance of good manners, and help more people learn about etiquette. 【答案】 1．changed 2．taught 3．respect 4．make 5．learned 6．politely 7．helped 8．became 9．change 10．follow 【导语】本文讲述了作者过去粗鲁无礼，在加入学校礼仪俱乐部后，学习礼仪、改变言行，最终变得礼貌文明、收获友谊的经历，体现了良好礼仪对个人成长的积极影响。 1．句意：过去一年里，良好的礼仪大大改变了我的生活。句中时间状语“over the past year”提示时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，change译为“改变”，其过去分词为changed。 2．句意：我的老师李老师教我良好的礼仪在我们的日常生活中非常重要。根据上下文“A year ago... But everything changed after I joined the school's etiquette club.”可知，事件发生在过去，应用一般过去时，teach译为“教”，其过去式为taught。 3．句意：她说，良好的礼仪是向他人表达尊重和善意的一种方式。此处需填入名词与“kindness”并列，作show的宾语，respect译为“尊重”。 4．句意：它们可以帮助我们与他人和睦相处，并使我们的生活更愉快。此处为固定结构“make + 宾语 + 形容词（作宾补）”，译为“使……怎么样”，且与“help us get along well with others” 并列，用动词原形，make译为“使”。 5．句意：在俱乐部里，我学习了许多不同种类的礼仪。根据上下文语境，事件发生在过去，应用一般过去时，learn译为“学习”，其过去式为learned。 6．句意：我学会了如何礼貌地问候他人、如何在公共场所举止得体、如何拥有良好的餐桌礼仪，以及如何与他人得体地交谈。此处需填入副词修饰动词greet，polite的副词形式为politely，译为“礼貌地”。 7．句意：我还参加了许多实践活动，这些活动帮助我在现实生活中运用所学的知识。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词“practice activities”为复数，事件发生在过去，应用一般过去时，help译为“帮助”，其过去式为helped。 8．句意：日复一日，我变得越来越有礼貌。根据上下文语境，事件发生在过去，应用一般过去时，become译为“变得”，其过去式为became。 9．句意：我的朋友和家人对我的巨大变化感到惊讶。此处需填入名词作介词by的宾语，change作名词时译为“变化”，符合语境。 10．句意：我将永远遵守良好礼仪的规则，做一个礼貌文明的人。助动词will后接动词原形，follow译为“遵守”，与“the rules”构成固定搭配。 从下面方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 polite  honest  respect  manner  difference  follow  custom  proper  praise  modest Good manners are an important part of every culture. Different countries have different 1 , and it’s important to learn about the proper manners when you are in a foreign country. First, you should learn about the 2 ways to greet people. In China, people usually shake hands when they meet. In the US, people often greet each other with a hug. In Japan, people bow to show 3 . You should follow the local way of greeting, so that you don’t make others feel uncomfortable. Second, you should know how to accept 4 properly. In the US, people will say “thank you” happily when they are praised. But in China, people are usually too 5 to accept praise openly. They often say “Nali, nali” instead. Third, you should 6 the local rules and customs. For example, in many countries, it’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food. It’s also impolite to be late for a meeting. You should learn about these 7 and follow them. Learning about different manners can help you understand the cultural 8 between different countries. It can also help you get on well with the local people. Remember: being 9 doesn’t mean you have to do something difficult. It just means you should be 10 , kind and respectful to others. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【答案】 1．customs 2．proper 3．respect 4．praise 5．modest 6．follow 7．manners 8．differences 9．polite 10．honest 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同国家礼仪习俗不同，应学习恰当礼仪、尊重差异，做到礼貌、诚实、友善，入乡随俗。 1．句意：不同的国家有着不同的习俗，当你身处外国时，了解恰当的礼仪是非常重要的。different后接可数名词复数；后文提到不同国家的问候方式等内容，因此指不同国家的习俗，custom“习俗”的复数形式customs符合语境。 2．句意：首先，你应该学习问候他人的恰当方式。此处是形容词作定语，修饰名词ways；后文列举了不同国家的问候方式，因此是恰当的问候方式，proper“恰当的”符合语境。 3．句意：在日本，人们鞠躬以表示尊重。此处是名词作宾语；“In Japan, people bow to show”说明在日本鞠躬表示尊重，respect“尊重”符合语境。 4．句意：第二，你应该知道如何恰当地接受赞美。此处是名词作宾语；后文列举了不同国家接受赞美的不同礼仪，praise“赞美”符合语境。 5．句意：但在中国，人们通常太谦虚而不公开接受赞美。此处是形容词作表语；“too...to accept praise openly”指太谦虚而不公开接受赞美，modest“谦虚的”符合语境。 6．句意：第三，你应该遵守当地的规则和习俗。情态动词should后接动词原形；后文列举了遵守当地习俗的例子，follow“遵守”符合语境。 7．句意：你应该了解这些礼仪并遵守它们。these后接可数名词复数；前文提到了一些礼仪，manner“礼仪”的复数形式manners符合语境。 8．句意：学习不同的礼仪可以帮助你了解不同国家之间的文化差异。cultural后接名词；“the cultural...between different countries”指不同国家之间的文化差异，difference“差异”的复数形式differences符合语境。 9．句意：记住：有礼貌并不意味着你必须做困难的事情。此处是形容词作表语，前文讲述的都与“礼仪、礼貌”有关，polite“有礼貌的”符合语境和主旨。 10．句意：它只意味着你应该诚实、善良且尊重他人。此处是形容词作表语，此处是与“kind and respectful to others”并列的描述对待他人态度的形容词，honest“诚实的”符合语境。 六、书面表达 1．假如你是李华，请你以“Good manners”为题，写一篇短文，介绍作为一名中学生应该具备的文明礼仪。 提示要点： 1. 尊敬师长，礼貌待人； 2. 公共场所保持安静，不乱扔垃圾； 3. 排队等候，不插队； 4. 你的看法。 要求： 5. 词数60-80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 6. 文中必须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 7. 语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范。 Good manners Good manners are very important for us students. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Good manners Good manners are very important for us students. We should respect teachers and elders, and be polite to others. In public, we should keep quiet and never drop litter. When we take buses or buy things, we need to wait in line and not push in. Good manners can help us get on well with others. I think everyone should learn good manners to make our world better. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：具体礼仪要求、个人看法 确定人称：第一人称(We) 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，点明主题 主体段：详细介绍具体的礼仪 结尾段：书写结尾，表达看法 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：具体礼仪要求 礼仪说明：wait in line/speak politely/behave well in public/let others go first… 要点二：个人看法 看法表述：make our world better/build good relationships with others/build a civilized society/make life more pleasant… 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $