Unit 4 Space Exploration 核心单词，词性转换，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ n．智慧 2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ vt.查明；确定；决定→ n．决心；果断 3．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→ vt.使失望→ adj.令人失望的 → n．失望；沮丧 4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→ adj.渴望的，想要的 5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→ adv.独立地；自立地 → n．独立；自立→ vi.依靠 6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→ adj.缺乏的；不足的 7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→ n．争论；争吵；论点 8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→ v．分析 9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→ adv.有规律地；经常；定期地 10．limited adj.有限的→ adj.无限的→ vt.& n．限制 一、单句语法填空 1．He is (determine) to take good care of his parents from now on. 2．A study abroad program can teach students (independent) and important life skills. 3．He desires (join) the army and devote himself to the country. 4．We were expecting to win, so a draw (平局) was a (disappoint) result for us. 5．The strange woman looked at us students (curious). 6．Visitors to the festival are (mental) stimulated by the wide range of performances and exhibits. 7．The (relate) between different cultural groups is highlighted during the festival. 8．The project is designed to help disabled students to live and study (independent). 9．Although she had some health problems, she carried on (work) hard late into the night. 10．Mary was very disappointed (see) the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again. 11．Having a thorough examination (regular) helps check for diseases that don’t have any sign at first. 12．Though (limit) time was, they managed to achieve much after taking a series of measures. 13． (register) a car in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 14． (get) a satisfactory reply, the customer wrote to the manager complaining about the bad service of that salesman. 15．The doctors have set out their (argue) against the proposals. 16．With colorful lights (attach) to the windows, the house was ready for the festive atmosphere of the New Year’s Eve celebration. 17． (observe)the monkeys’ behaviors, the scientists followed them into the forest at the same time. 18．One should remain calm and think of ways (escape) when facing danger. 19．These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 20．On the east bank of Chaohu, China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake, rests a (mystery) ancient “kingdom” of jade called Lingjiatan. 21．In closing, space (explore) should not be regarded as a shallow argument. 22．The current situation signals that there are limited (resource) on the globe to provide for mankind. 23．Bacteria are an annoying problem for (astronaut). 24．Paper bags are easily (recycle) but require more energy to produce and transport. 25．Once, he dreamed of （get）on board a spacecraft and arriving in the moon. 26．I have grown not only physically, but also (mental) in the past few years. 27．I have heard that she is keen on (dance). 28．This scientist is also (attach) to the old painting. 29．We were determined (win) the game. 30．If you are asked (relate) questions, you must not tell them. 二、单词拼写 31．The doctor asked me to (呼吸) deeply and say “AH”. 32．We meet (定期地) to discuss the progress of the project. 33．Heated (争论) occurred when the representatives present were discussing the issues, and finally a decision was taken. 34．After the training, the young engineer was able to work (独立) and complete the project on her own. 35．The school organized a charity event to (提升)the awareness of environmental protection among students. 36．Buses run (经常) between the city and the airport. 37．There is an urgent need to keep physical and (精神的) health. 38．The project failed, (缺乏) in proper planning and clear goals from the very beginning. 39．Regular practice and timely feedback from teachers are two key factors that help students (改进；改善) their academic performance. 40．Scientists are working to (探索) the secrets of the deep ocean. 三、完成句子 41．He always arrives at class early and answers questions actively to on his teacher. 他总是早到教室，还积极回答问题，只为给老师留下好印象。 42．兄弟俩总是为钱而互相争吵，这让他们的父母伤心欲绝。 The brothers are always money, which has made their parents heartbroken. 43． , we went to a typical Quebec restaurant for lunch. 为使她高兴起来，我们到一家魁北克特色餐厅吃午饭。（目的） 44．Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream . 一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 45．She is always the last . 她总是最后一个交作业。 46．I told Jeff , but he wouldn’t listen. 我告诉杰夫让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。 47．她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。（倍数表达法） She determined to work to make up for the lost time. 48．In my opinion, computer games. 在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 49．If you desire , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away. 如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。 50．屠呦呦的重大突破挽救了数以百万计的生命，对人类做出了杰出贡献。 Tu Youyou’s great discovery and . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 51 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 52 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 53 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 54 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 55 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang e-4 56 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 57 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 58 (construct). Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 59 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 60 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration has been helping unlock a deeper understanding of the universe, from Mars 61 the infinite universe. Wang Yaping has become the first Chinese woman 62 (perform) a spacewalk. Wang’s dream of becoming 63 astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight. In 1997, Wang was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment (征募) program by her classmates. Thanks to her 64 (strong) and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all the tests. Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission. During her mission, she 65 (teach) China’s first live physics lesson from space. In 2020, a team of Chinese university students 66 (major) in aerospace, art, architecture 67 music translated cosmic (宇宙的) rays into music, some of 68 said they had watched Wang’s live space lecture when they were teenagers. So far, China 69 (make) remarkable achievements in pursuit of the aerospace dream and will make steadier steps in 70 (it) future space exploration. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧 2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断 3．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧 4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的 5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠 6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点 8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析 9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地 10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制 一、单句语法填空 1．He is (determine) to take good care of his parents from now on. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他决心从今以后要好好照顾他的父母。设空处接在be动词后，应用形容词作表语，根据提示可知是determined，意为“下定决心的”，故填determined。 2．A study abroad program can teach students (independent) and important life skills. 【答案】independence 【详解】考查名词。句意：出国留学项目可以教会学生独立和重要的生活技能。此处需要用名词作teach的宾语，independent的名词形式是independence，表示“独立”，不可数名词。故填independence。 3．He desires (join) the army and devote himself to the country. 【答案】to join 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他渴望参军，献身于国家。desire to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to join。 4．We were expecting to win, so a draw (平局) was a (disappoint) result for us. 【答案】disappointing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们本以为会赢，所以平局对我们来说是一个令人失望的结果。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰result，指物，所以用-ing形式的形容词disappointing，意为“令人失望的”。故填disappointing。 5．The strange woman looked at us students (curious). 【答案】curiously 【详解】考查副词。句意：那个陌生的女人好奇地看着我们这些学生。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式curiously作状语修饰动词looked 表示“好奇地”看着。故填curiously。 6．Visitors to the festival are (mental) stimulated by the wide range of performances and exhibits. 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：各种各样的表演和展品使参加节日的游客兴奋不已。设空处修饰动词，应用副词作状语，故填mentally。 7．The (relate) between different cultural groups is highlighted during the festival. 【答案】relation 【详解】考查名词。句意：不同文化群体之间的关系在节日期间得到强调。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，再根据“is highlighted”可知，主语应是单数，relate的名词形式是relation意为“关系”。故填relation。 8．The project is designed to help disabled students to live and study (independent). 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：该项目旨在帮助残疾学生独立生活和学习。空处修饰动词live和study，应用independent的副词形式independently“独立地”作状语。故填independently。 9．Although she had some health problems, she carried on (work) hard late into the night. 【答案】working 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管她有一些健康问题，她仍然坚持工作到深夜。carry on doing sth. 是固定短语，意为“继续做某事”。故填working。 10．Mary was very disappointed (see) the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again. 【答案】to see 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽看到她已经修好的洗衣机又坏了，感到非常失望。根据空格前的形容词disappointed可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配be disappointed to do sth表示“对做某事感到失望”。故填to see。 11．Having a thorough examination (regular) helps check for diseases that don’t have any sign at first. 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：定期进行全面检查有助于检查那些一开始没有任何迹象的疾病。空处修饰动词短语Having a thorough examination，作状语，regular的副词形式regularly符合题意，意为“定期地”。故填regularly。 12．Though (limit) time was, they managed to achieve much after taking a series of measures. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然时间有限，但他们在采取一系列措施后设法取得了很多成就。此处用形容词limited“有限的”，作前置定语，修饰名词time。故填limited。 13． (register) a car in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 【答案】To register 【详解】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在日本注册汽车，车主必须有地方停放它。分析句子结构可知，the owner must have somewhere to park it是一个完整的句子，而to register a car in Japan作为状语使用，用来修饰主句。由于register需要与逻辑主语the owner构成主谓关系，并且表示目的，因此需要使用不定式形式。To register作为目的状语，说明车主必须有停车的地方才能注册汽车。故填To register。 14． (get) a satisfactory reply, the customer wrote to the manager complaining about the bad service of that salesman. 【答案】To get 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了得到满意的答复，顾客写信给经理，抱怨那个推销员的服务太差。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所有用动词不定式。故填To get。 15．The doctors have set out their (argue) against the proposals. 【答案】arguments 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生们提出了反对这些建议的理由。作宾语，应用名词argument，表示“理由”，为可数名词，根据后文proposals可知，名词应用复数形式表示不止一个。故填arguments。 16．With colorful lights (attach) to the windows, the house was ready for the festive atmosphere of the New Year’s Eve celebration. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：窗户上挂着五颜六色的灯，房子已经为除夕庆祝活动的节日气氛做好了准备。此处是with的复合结构，动词attach和宾语lights是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填attached。 17． (observe)the monkeys’ behaviors, the scientists followed them into the forest at the same time. 【答案】To observe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了观察猴子的行为，科学家们同时跟随它们进入了森林。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填To observe。 18．One should remain calm and think of ways (escape) when facing danger. 【答案】to escape 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当面临危险时，一个人应该保持冷静，想办法逃跑。句中ways to do为固定短语，意为“做某事的方法”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to escape。 19．These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子打开，给里面的植物阳光和新鲜空气。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to give。 20．On the east bank of Chaohu, China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake, rests a (mystery) ancient “kingdom” of jade called Lingjiatan. 【答案】mysterious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国第五大淡水湖巢湖东岸，坐落着一个神秘的古代玉石“王国”——凌家滩。空处填词修饰名词kingdom，故应用形容词作定语。mystery的形容词是mysterious，表示“神秘的”，符合句意。故填mysterious。 21．In closing, space (explore) should not be regarded as a shallow argument. 【答案】exploration 【详解】考查名词。句意：最后，太空探索不应被视为一个肤浅的论点。由句意及空前的space以及空后的should not be regarded as a shallow argument.可知空处应填名词形式exploration，作主语，名词短语space exploration太空探索，故填exploration。 22．The current situation signals that there are limited (resource) on the globe to provide for mankind. 【答案】resources 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：目前的情况表明，地球上提供给人类的资源是有限的。根据上文are可知resource应用复数形式。故填resources。 23．Bacteria are an annoying problem for (astronaut). 【答案】astronauts 【详解】考查可数名词的复数形式。句意：细菌对于宇航员来说是一个恼人的问题。astronaut“宇航员”，为可数名词，在句中作介词的宾语。根据句意可知，由于细菌对所有的宇航员而言都是一个问题，不是一个特定的宇航员，因此应该使用该单词的复数形式来表示泛指。故填astronauts。 24．Paper bags are easily (recycle) but require more energy to produce and transport. 【答案】recycled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：纸袋很容易回收，但需要更多的能源来生产和运输。分析可知，paper与recycle之间为动宾关系，结合下文require，空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，空处填过去分词，故填recycled。 25．Once, he dreamed of （get）on board a spacecraft and arriving in the moon. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：曾经，他梦想着登上宇宙飞船，到达月球。dream of doing...“梦想着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填getting。 26．I have grown not only physically, but also (mental) in the past few years. 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上成长了，在精神上也成长了。not only...but also...连接并列副词physically与mentally作状语，修饰动词have grown。故填mentally。 27．I have heard that she is keen on (dance). 【答案】dancing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我听说她喜欢跳舞。be keen on doing“喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，动名词短语作宾语。故填dancing。 28．This scientist is also (attach) to the old painting. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位科学家对这幅老画也很着迷。此处应用形容词作表语，attached“依恋，爱慕”，形容词，be attached to“喜爱，依恋，附属于”，固定短语，故填attached。 29．We were determined (win) the game. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们决心要赢得这场比赛。此处为固定短语be determined to do，意为“决心做某事”，故填to win。 30．If you are asked (relate) questions, you must not tell them. 【答案】related 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你被问到相关的问题，你一定不要告诉他们。修饰名词questions，需用形容词related，作定语。故填related。 二、单词拼写 31．The doctor asked me to (呼吸) deeply and say “AH”. 【答案】breathe 【详解】考查动词。句意：医生让我深呼吸并说“啊”。ask sb. to do sth.，是固定结构，意为“让某人做某事”，因此to后需接动词原形，根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“呼吸”应用动词breathe，符合语境。故填breathe。 32．We meet (定期地) to discuss the progress of the project. 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们定期会面，讨论项目的进展。根据汉语提示“定期地”可知，此处为副词regularly作状语，修饰动词“meet”。故填regularly。 33．Heated (争论) occurred when the representatives present were discussing the issues, and finally a decision was taken. 【答案】arguments 【详解】考查名词。句意：与会代表在讨论这些问题时发生了激烈的争论，最后作出了决定。形容词Heated后接名词形式，在句中作主语。名词“争论”英文为argument，为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。故填arguments。 34．After the training, the young engineer was able to work (独立) and complete the project on her own. 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：经过培训，这位年轻的工程师能够独立工作，独立完成项目。空处修饰动词work，结合汉语提示可知，应用副词independently“独立地”，作状语。故填independently。 35．The school organized a charity event to (提升)the awareness of environmental protection among students. 【答案】promote 【详解】考查动词。句意：学校组织了一场慈善活动，以提升学生们的环境保护意识。根据汉语提示及“to”可知，空处需填动词原形构成动词不定式作目的状语，动词promote表示“提升，促进”，符合句意。故填promote。 36．Buses run (经常) between the city and the airport. 【答案】regularly/frequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：公共汽车经常往返于城市和机场之间。此处修饰动词run，用副词形式。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用副词regularly或frequently，作状语。故填regularly或frequently。 37．There is an urgent need to keep physical and (精神的) health. 【答案】mental 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们迫切需要保持身心健康。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词health，“精神的”的形容词是mental。故填mental。 38．The project failed, (缺乏) in proper planning and clear goals from the very beginning. 【答案】lacking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目失败了，从一开始就缺乏适当的规划和明确的目标。“缺乏”用动词lack表示，在句中作原因状语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语The project之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填lacking。 39．Regular practice and timely feedback from teachers are two key factors that help students (改进；改善) their academic performance. 【答案】improve 【详解】考查动词。句意：有规律的练习和老师的及时反馈是帮助学生提高学习成绩的两个关键因素。“改进；改善”用动词improve表达，结合help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，空处用省略to的不定式作宾补。故填improve。 40．Scientists are working to (探索) the secrets of the deep ocean. 【答案】explore 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们正致力于探索深海的奥秘。根据汉语提示“探索”以及空前的不定式符号“to”（不定式作目的状语）可知，此处应用动词explore的原形，符合“不定式符号后接动词原形”的语法规则和“科学家探索研究深海”的语境。故填explore。 三、完成句子 41．He always arrives at class early and answers questions actively to on his teacher. 他总是早到教室，还积极回答问题，只为给老师留下好印象。 【答案】leave/make a good impression 【详解】考查固定短语。根据“给老师留下好印象”的汉语提示可知，此处应是固定短语leave/make a good impression on sb.，意为“给某人留下好印象”，位于动词不定式符号to后面，leave/make使用动词原形。故填leave/make a good impression。 42．兄弟俩总是为钱而互相争吵，这让他们的父母伤心欲绝。 The brothers are always money, which has made their parents heartbroken. 【答案】 arguing with each other about 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示“互相争吵”，应填入固定短语argue with each other，“为……争吵”需搭配介词about，完整短语为“argue with each other about”；再根据上文的“are always”可知，此处用“be always doing sth.”结构，表示“总是（习惯性地）做某事”，需填入动词 argue 的现在分词形式 arguing。故填 ①arguing②with③each④other⑤about。 43． , we went to a typical Quebec restaurant for lunch. 为使她高兴起来，我们到一家魁北克特色餐厅吃午饭。（目的） 【答案】To cheer her up 【详解】考查不定式作目的状语及固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“使她高兴起来”对应固定短语cheer her up，根据“目的”这一提示以及句意，此处需用不定式短语作目的状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填To cheer her up。 44．Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream . 一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 【答案】to explore space 【详解】考查动词不定式和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处需补充“探索太空”的英文表达，且需与前文“dream”搭配。“dream to do sth”是常用搭配，意为“做某事的梦想”，其中不定式“to do”作后置定语，修饰“dream”，表“要去做的事”；“探索太空”译为“explore space”，因此用“to explore space”。故填to explore space。 45．She is always the last . 她总是最后一个交作业。 【答案】to hand in homework 【详解】考查动词不定式和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“the last + 名词 /代词 + to do sth”是固定句型，其中不定式“to do”作后置定语，表“最后一个做某事的（人 / 事物）”，此处“the last” 后省略了“person”，需用不定式结构补充“交作业”的动作。“交作业”应为动词短语“hand in homework”。故填to hand in homework。 46．I told Jeff , but he wouldn’t listen. 我告诉杰夫让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。 【答案】to join the club 【详解】考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。根据句意，此处表示“加入俱乐部”对应短语join the club，“告诉某人做某事”为tell sb. to do sth.，其中“to do”作宾语补足语，所以此处为to join the club。故填to join the club。 47．她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。（倍数表达法） She determined to work to make up for the lost time. 【答案】twice as hard as before 【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据要求“倍数表达法”和句意可知，此处可使用“倍数+ as +形容词/副词原级+ as +比较对象”，“加倍努力工作”中，“努力”用副词hard表示，“加倍”译为twice，“以前”译为before作为比较对象，因此“加倍努力工作”表达为twice as hard as before。故填twice as hard as before。 48．In my opinion, computer games. 在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 【答案】it is a waste of time playing 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意，此处是描述事实，使用一般现在时，“玩电脑游戏是浪费时间”可使用固定句型“it is a waste of time doing sth.”意为“做某事是浪费时间”，其中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语；“玩电脑游戏”译为play computer games，使用动名词playing作真正主语。故填it is a waste of time playing。 49．If you desire , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away. 如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。 【答案】to communicate with foreigners in English freely 【详解】考查固定搭配和动词不定式。根据句意可知，“desire to do sth.”表示“渴望做某事”，为固定搭配，“与外国人交流”译为“communicate with foreigners”，“无障碍地”用副词freely修饰动词communicate，表示“用英语”为in English，结合句意，此处应用动词不定式短语作desire的宾语。故填to communicate with foreigners in English freely。 50．屠呦呦的重大突破挽救了数以百万计的生命，对人类做出了杰出贡献。 Tu Youyou’s great discovery and . 【答案】 saved millions of lives made outstanding contributions to mankind 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据句意，“挽救生命”译为save lives，根据主语Tu Youyou’s great discovery，使用一般过去时saved，“数以百万计的”译为millions of，修饰lives需用复数形式，故第一空填saved millions of lives；“做出贡献”译为make contributions，“杰出的”译为outstanding，“对人类”译为to mankind，时态与前半句一致用一般过去时made，故第二空填made outstanding contributions to mankind。故填①saved millions of lives；②made outstanding contributions to mankind。 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 51 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 52 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 53 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 54 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 55 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang e-4 56 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 57 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 58 (construct). Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 59 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 60 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】 51．touched 52．extremely 53．where 54．interest 55．than 56．to find 57．means 58．is constructed 59．much 60．its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国通过嫦娥四号探测器成功在月球背面着陆，成为首个实现这一壮举的国家，为科学家提供了研究月球背面深坑的机会，并为未来月球基地计划提供了重要数据。 51．考查动词时态。句意：无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的月宫仙子——于上周在南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。空处作句子的谓语，根据“last week”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填touched。 52．考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆是极具挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应用extreme的副词形式extremely，意为“极度，非常”，作状语。故填extremely。 53．考查定语从句。句意：由于月球本身阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道，以便向探测器和地球发送信号。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spot，先行词在从句中表示某事发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 54．考查名词。句意：科学家对月球的背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深坑，比我们熟悉的朝向地球的一面多。空处作of的宾语，被particular修饰，应用interesting的名词形式interest，意为“兴趣”，不可数。故填interest。 55．考查介词。句意：科学家对月球的背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深坑，比我们熟悉的朝向地球的一面多。根据“more so”可知，此处表示比较的概念，指“比我们熟悉的朝向地球的一面多”，应用介词than引出比较的对象。故填than。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号搭载的仪器来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地的区域。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了……”，因此用find“发现”的不定式形式。故填to find。 57．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：布朗大学的科学家Carle Pieters说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为这意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”空处作句子的谓语，结合前面的“excites”可知，时态应用一般现在时，且主语是it，mean“意味着”应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 58．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：布朗大学的科学家Carle Pieters说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为这意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述当前的情况，时态应用一般现在时，construct“组成”和主语the moon之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is constructed。 59．考查形容词。句意：有关月球成分的数据，比如月球上有多少冰和其他珍贵的东西，可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词“ice”，ice为不可数名词，所以此处使用much修饰，how much意为“有多少”符合句意。故填much。 60．考查代词。句意：有关月球成分的数据，比如月球上有多少冰和其他珍贵的东西，可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。空处修饰名词plans，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration has been helping unlock a deeper understanding of the universe, from Mars 61 the infinite universe. Wang Yaping has become the first Chinese woman 62 (perform) a spacewalk. Wang’s dream of becoming 63 astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight. In 1997, Wang was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment (征募) program by her classmates. Thanks to her 64 (strong) and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all the tests. Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission. During her mission, she 65 (teach) China’s first live physics lesson from space. In 2020, a team of Chinese university students 66 (major) in aerospace, art, architecture 67 music translated cosmic (宇宙的) rays into music, some of 68 said they had watched Wang’s live space lecture when they were teenagers. So far, China 69 (make) remarkable achievements in pursuit of the aerospace dream and will make steadier steps in 70 (it) future space exploration. 【答案】 61．to 62．to perform 63．an 64．strength 65．taught 66．majoring 67．and 68．whom 69．has made 70．its 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章以王亚平的宇航员成长历程为例，展现了中国航天事业的发展，包括太空教育、科研创新以及未来探索的雄心。 61．考查介词。句意：中国的太空探索一直在帮助人类更深入地理解宇宙，从火星到无尽的太空。根据空前的“from Mars”和空后的“the infinite universe”可知，短语from… to…“从……到……”符合题意。故填to。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：王亚平成为首位执行太空行走的中国女性。空处作修饰Chinese woman的后置定语，Chinese woman前面有序数词the first修饰，应用perform“执行”的不定式形式。故填to perform。 63．考查冠词。句意：王亚平成为一名宇航员的梦想受到杨利伟2003年太空飞行的启发。空处表示泛指，意为“一名宇航员”，应用不定冠词，且astronaut的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 64．考查名词。句意：凭借她的体力和在压力下保持冷静的能力，王亚平通过了所有测试。空处和ability并列，作Thanks to的宾语，名词strength符合题意，意为“体力，力量”，是不可数名词。故填strength。 65．考查动词时态。句意：在执行任务期间，她从太空讲授了中国第一堂物理直播课。空处作句子的谓语，结合上一句中的“in 2013”可知，本句仍在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填taught。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年，一群主修航空航天、艺术、建筑和音乐的中国大学生将宇宙射线转化为音乐，其中一些人表示青少年时期曾观看过王亚平的太空授课。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作students的后置定语，major in“主修”和students逻辑上是主动关系，因此用major的现在分词形式。故填majoring。 67．考查连词。句意：2020年，一群主修航空航天、艺术、建筑和音乐的中国大学生将宇宙射线转化为音乐，其中一些人表示青少年时期曾观看过王亚平的太空授课。空处连接前后并列的多个学科，学科之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 68．考查定语从句。句意：2020年，一群主修航空航天、艺术、建筑和音乐的中国大学生将宇宙射线转化为音乐，其中一些人表示青少年时期曾观看过王亚平的太空授课。空处和空前的some of搭配，形成“代词+介词+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students作补充说明，先行词指人，作介词of的宾语，因此应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 69．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，中国在追求航天梦想方面取得了显著成就，并将在未来的太空探索中迈出更稳健的步伐。空处作句子的谓语，结合“So far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语China是单个专有名词，助动词应用has。故填has made。 70．考查代词。句意：迄今为止，中国在追求航天梦想方面取得了显著成就，并将在未来的太空探索中迈出更稳健的步伐。空处修饰名词短语future space exploration，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $