内容正文:
Unit 3 Growing Up
一、重点单词详解
1. grow /ɡrəʊ/ (核心动词,本单元高频词)
核心释义:生长;成长;变得;种植(强调“人或事物的成长、发展过程”,是本单元“成长”主题的核心词汇,贯穿口语、阅读和书面表达,贴合青少年成长场景)
词形变换:grew(过去式,不规则变化,需重点记忆);grown(过去分词);growing(现在分词,用于进行时或非谓语动词);growth(n. 成长;生长,不可数名词)
常考搭配:grow up 长大;成长(本单元最高频搭配,书面表达和口语必用);grow into 长成……;grow up to be 长大成为……;grow plants 种植植物;grow old 变老
单元例句:① I want to be a doctor when I grow up.(我长大后想成为一名医生。)② The little girl is growing into a beautiful young lady.(这个小女孩正长成一位美丽的年轻女士。)③ My father grows vegetables in our garden every year.(我爸爸每年都在我们的花园里种蔬菜。)
用法拓展:grow 作“生长、成长”讲时,是不及物动词,后面不直接接宾语;作“变得”讲时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语,如“grow tall”(长高)、“grow strong”(变强壮);作“种植”讲时,是及物动词,后面可直接接宾语。
易错提醒:不要混淆grow(动词)和growth(名词),如“他的成长很快”不能说“He grows quickly.”(侧重动作),若侧重状态应说“His growth is very fast.”;grow 的过去式是grew,过去分词是grown,不能写成growed。
2. up /ʌp/ (副词/介词,重点必考,高频考点)
核心释义:adv. 向上;起来;长大;prep. 沿着……向上;在……之上(adv. 义项常与grow搭配,构成grow up“成长”,是本单元核心短语的关键组成部分,prep. 义项贴合日常场景)
词形变换:无词形变换;常见派生词:upstairs(adv. 在楼上);upward(adj. 向上的)
常考搭配:grow up 长大;成长(本单元核心搭配);wake up 醒来;stand up 站起来;climb up 爬上;look up 查阅;up and down 上上下下
单元例句:① When did you wake up this morning?(你今天早上什么时候醒来的?)② She climbed up the hill with her friends last weekend.(她上周末和朋友们一起爬上了小山。)③ My little brother is growing up so fast.(我的小弟弟长得真快。)
用法拓展:up 作副词时,常放在动词后面,构成短语动词,如wake up、stand up;作介词时,后面接名词或代词,表方向或位置;grow up 是固定短语,不能拆开使用,也不能说“grow up to”(错误),正确表达是“grow up to be”。
易错提醒:grow up 表示“长大、成长”,主语通常是人,不能用于物,如“树长大了”不能说“The tree grows up.”,应说“The tree grows tall.”;look up 表示“查阅(字典、资料)”时,后面需接宾语,如“look up a word in the dictionary”。
3. own /əʊn/ (形容词/动词/名词,重点必考,贴合单元场景)
核心释义:adj. 自己的;本人的;v. 拥有;占有;n. 自己的东西(贴合“成长中学会独立、拥有自己的想法或物品”的单元场景,是书面表达和口语对话的高频词)
词形变换:owns(v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);owning(现在分词);owned(过去式/过去分词);owner(n. 主人;所有者)
常考搭配:adj. 搭配:one’s own 某人自己的;on one’s own 独自;by oneself(同义);v. 搭配:own sth 拥有某物;own a house 拥有一座房子;own up 承认(错误)
单元例句:① I have my own room now that I’m growing up.(我长大了,现在有自己的房间了。)② He owns a small shop in our neighborhood.(他在我们小区拥有一家小商店。)③ She can finish the work on her own.(她能独自完成这项工作。)
用法拓展:own 作形容词时,常放在形容词性物主代词后面,构成“one’s own + 名词”结构;作动词时,是及物动词,后面可直接接宾语;on one’s own 表示“独自、靠自己”,可用于句首或句末,相当于by oneself。
易错提醒:“某人自己的”正确表达是“one’s own”,不能说“own one’s”;on one’s own 和by oneself 同义,但on one’s own 更侧重“独立完成”,by oneself 更侧重“单独行动”;owner 是名词,“主人”,不能误写为ownner。
4. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ (形容词,重点,贴合成长独立场景)
核心释义:独立的;自主的;自立的(描述“成长过程中逐渐变得独立、能够自主做事”的状态,贴合单元“成长与独立”的核心场景,可用于口语和书面表达,是描述成长品质的关键单词)
词形变换:independently(adv. 独立地;自主地,修饰动词);independence(n. 独立;自立,不可数名词);dependent(adj. 依赖的,反义词)
常考搭配:be independent of 独立于……;不依赖……(本单元重点搭配);an independent person 一个独立的人;independent thinking 独立思考
单元例句:① As we grow up, we should learn to be independent.(随着我们长大,我们应该学会独立。)② She is independent of her parents and can take care of herself.(她不依赖父母,能照顾好自己。)③ We need to develop independent thinking ability.(我们需要培养独立思考能力。)
用法拓展:independent 可修饰人(侧重“能够自主生活、思考”)、行为或能力(侧重“不依赖他人”);其名词形式independence 常用搭配“gain independence”(获得独立);副词independently 修饰动词时,可放在动词前面或后面。
易错提醒:不要混淆independent(形容词)和independence(名词),如“独立很重要”不能说“Independent is very important.”,应说“Independence is very important.”;“不依赖某人”的正确表达是“be independent of sb”,不能说“be independent from sb”。
5. depend /dɪˈpend/ (动词,重点,贴合成长依赖与独立场景)
核心释义:依赖;依靠;取决于(描述“成长过程中从依赖他人到逐渐独立”的变化,与independent 形成对比,贴合单元情感和场景,是书面表达的高频词)
词形变换:depends(v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);depending(现在分词);depended(过去式/过去分词);dependent(adj. 依赖的);dependence(n. 依赖)
常考搭配:depend on 依赖;依靠;取决于(本单元核心搭配);depend on sb/sth 依赖某人/某物;depend on weather 取决于天气
单元例句:① When I was young, I depended on my parents for everything.(我小时候,凡事都依赖父母。)② Our success depends on our hard work.(我们的成功取决于我们的努力。)③ You can’t depend on others to help you all the time.(你不能一直依赖别人帮助你。)
用法拓展:depend 是不及物动词,后面必须接介词on 才能接宾语,即“depend on sb/sth”;当主语是第三人称单数时,动词需变形式为depends;depend on 后面可接从句,如“It depends on whether we have time.”(这取决于我们是否有时间)。
易错提醒:depend 是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,必须加介词on,避免出现“depend sb”(错误),正确表达是“depend on sb”;depend 的第三人称单数形式是depends,不能写成dependes。
6. develop /dɪˈveləp/ (动词,重点,贴合成长发展场景)
核心释义:发展;培养;养成;开发(主要描述“成长过程中能力、习惯的培养,以及个人的发展进步”,贴合单元“成长与发展”的主题,是书面表达中描述成长的常用词)
词形变换:develops(v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);developing(现在分词);developed(过去式/过去分词);development(n. 发展;发育);developing(adj. 发展中的);developed(adj. 发达的)
常考搭配:develop a habit 养成习惯(本单元重点搭配);develop ability 培养能力;develop friendship 发展友谊;develop a plan 制定计划
单元例句:① We should develop good study habits as we grow up.(我们长大后应该养成良好的学习习惯。)② He is developing his speaking skills by practicing every day.(他每天通过练习来培养自己的口语能力。)③ Our city is developing very quickly.(我们的城市发展得非常快。)
用法拓展:develop 作“养成、培养”讲时,后面可接habit、ability、interest等名词;作“发展、开发”讲时,可用于描述城市、经济、科技等的发展;其名词形式development 常用搭配“the development of”(……的发展)。
易错提醒:develop 的名词形式是development,不是developement;developing 作形容词时表示“发展中的”,developed 表示“发达的”,注意区分,如“developing countries”(发展中国家),“developed countries”(发达国家)。
7. habit /ˈhæbɪt/ (名词,重点,贴合成长习惯培养场景)
核心释义:习惯;习性(描述“成长过程中养成的好习惯或坏习惯”,贴合单元“培养良好习惯、促进成长”的核心场景,是中考高频词,也是八年级重点掌握的名词)
词形变换:habits(复数,指“多种习惯”);habitual(adj. 习惯性的;惯常的)
常考搭配:develop a habit of 养成……的习惯(本单元重点搭配);good habits 好习惯;bad habits 坏习惯;get into a habit of 养成……的习惯(同义);break a habit 改掉一个习惯
单元例句:① She has developed a habit of reading books every night.(她养成了每天晚上看书的习惯。)② It’s important to have good eating habits.(拥有良好的饮食习惯很重要。)③ He is trying to break his bad habit of staying up late.(他正努力改掉熬夜的坏习惯。)
用法拓展:habit 是可数名词,“一个习惯”用“a habit”,“多种习惯”用“habits”;常用搭配“develop a habit of doing sth”表示“养成做某事的习惯”,后面接动名词形式;habitual 是形容词,可修饰名词,如“habitual behavior”(习惯性行为)。
易错提醒:habit 是可数名词,前面可加a 或an,也可加复数形式;“养成……的习惯”的正确表达是“develop a habit of doing sth”,不能说“develop a habit to do sth”;break a habit 表示“改掉习惯”,不能说“stop a habit”。
8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ (形容词,重点必考,单元核心话题词)
核心释义:负责任的;有责任心的(贴合单元“成长过程中学会承担责任、成为有责任心的人”的核心话题,是本单元的重点词汇,贯穿阅读和书面表达)
常考搭配:be responsible for 对……负责(本单元核心搭配);a responsible person 一个负责任的人;be responsible for doing sth 对做某事负责
单元例句:① As we grow up, we should be responsible for our own actions.(随着我们长大,我们应该对自己的行为负责。)② He is a responsible student and always finishes his homework on time.(他是一个负责任的学生,总是按时完成作业。)③ Parents are responsible for their children’s growth.(父母对孩子的成长负责。)
用法拓展:responsible 可修饰人(侧重“有责任心、能承担责任”)、行为或岗位(侧重“需要承担责任的”);其名词形式是responsibility(n. 责任;职责),常用搭配“take responsibility for”(承担……的责任)。
易错提醒:“对……负责”的正确表达是“be responsible for”,不能说“be responsible to”;responsible 的名词形式是responsibility,拼写较复杂,注意记忆,不能误写为responsable。
9. guide /ɡaɪd/ (动词/名词,重点,贴合成长引导场景)
核心释义:v. 引导;指导;带领;n. 向导;指南;指导者(描述“成长过程中他人的引导、指导,帮助自己成长”的动作和角色,贴合单元场景)
词形变换:guides(n. 复数,指“多个向导/指南”;v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);guiding(现在分词);guided(过去式/过去分词);guidance(n. 指导;引导,不可数名词)
常考搭配:v. 搭配:guide sb 引导某人;guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事;guide sb through 引导某人度过……;n. 搭配:a guide book 指南书;a tour guide 导游;under the guidance of 在……的指导下
单元例句:① My teacher often guides me to solve difficult problems.(我的老师经常指导我解决难题。)② He worked as a tour guide during the summer holiday.(他暑假期间做导游。)③ Under the guidance of my parents, I grew up happily.(在父母的指导下,我快乐地成长。)
用法拓展:guide 作动词时,是及物动词,后面可直接接宾语,也可接不定式作宾补,即“guide sb to do sth”;作名词时,是可数名词,常用搭配“under the guidance of”表示“在……的指导下”,后面接人;guidance 是名词,“指导”,不可数,不能加s。
易错提醒:guide 作动词时,主语是第三人称单数时,需变形式为guides;“指导某人做某事”的正确表达是“guide sb to do sth”,不能说“guide sb doing sth”;guidance 是不可数名词,不能说“a guidance”。
10. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ (动词,重点必考,高频考点)
核心释义:实现;达到;取得(描述“成长过程中努力实现目标、取得进步”的动作,贴合单元“成长与收获”的场景,是中考高频词,也是八年级重点掌握的动词)
词形变换:achieves(v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);achieving(现在分词);achieved(过去式/过去分词);achievement(n. 成就;成绩,可数名词)
常考搭配:achieve a goal 实现目标(本单元重点搭配);achieve success 取得成功;achieve progress 取得进步;achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
单元例句:① I want to achieve my dream of becoming a teacher when I grow up.(我长大后想实现成为一名教师的梦想。)② He achieved great progress in his studies this term.(他这学期在学习上取得了很大的进步。)③ With hard work, we can achieve anything we want.(通过努力,我们可以实现任何我们想要的东西。)
用法拓展:achieve 是及物动词,后面可直接接宾语,如goal、dream、success等;其名词形式achievement 常用复数“achievements”,表示“多项成就”;常用搭配“make achievements”(取得成就),与“achieve success”同义。
易错提醒:achieve 后面接目标、梦想等名词,不能接不定式,避免出现“achieve to do sth”(错误);achievement 是可数名词,“一项成就”用“an achievement”,不能说“a achievement”;achieve 的第三人称单数形式是achieves,不能写成achievees。
二、重点单词专项练习题
一、词形变换
1. grow(过去式)→ __________ 2. grow(名词)→ __________
3. own(名词,“主人”)→ __________ 4. independent(副词)→ __________
5. depend(第三人称单数)→ __________ 6. develop(名词)→ __________
7. habit(复数)→ __________ 8. responsible(名词)→ __________
9. guide(名词,“指导”)→ __________ 10. achieve(名词)→ __________
二、单项选择
( ) 1. —What do you want to be when you __________ up? —I want to be a scientist. A. grow B. grows C. grew
( ) 2. She can finish the work __________ her own; she is very independent. A. in B. on C. by
( ) 3. Our success __________ on our hard work and determination. A. depend B. depends C. depended
( ) 4. We should __________ good study habits to improve our grades. A. develop B. development C. developing
( ) 5. He is a __________ boy; he always takes care of his little sister. A. responsible B. responsibly C. responsibility
( ) 6. My teacher often __________ me to solve problems by myself. A. guide B. guides C. guiding
( ) 7. With hard work, he __________ his dream of becoming a doctor last year. A. achieve B. achieves C. achieved
( ) 8. She has her __________ room; she doesn’t need to share with others. A. own B. owns C. owner
( ) 9. As we grow up, we should learn to be __________ of our parents. A. independent B. dependent C. independence
( ) 10. He has a bad __________ of staying up late; he needs to break it. A. habit B. habits C. habitual
( ) 11. We should be __________ for our own actions and decisions. A. responsible B. responsibly C. response
( ) 12. The little tree __________ tall day by day; it will grow into a big tree soon. A. grow B. grows C. growing
三、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1. I want to be a pilot when I g__________ up.
2. She can do her homework on her o__________; she is very independent.
3. Our success d__________ on how hard we work.
4. We should d__________ good habits when we are young.
5. He is a r__________ student; he always helps his classmates.
6. My father g__________ vegetables in the garden every year.
7. The teacher g__________ us to finish the task successfully.
8. She worked hard and a__________ great progress in her English.
9. It’s important to have good eating h__________ to keep healthy.
10. As we grow up, we need to learn to be i__________ and not depend on others.
四、根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When I was a child, I __________ (depend) on my parents for everything.
2. He __________ (grow) up in a small village and now lives in a big city.
3. We should __________ (develop) our independent thinking ability.
4. She has __________ (own) a small cat for two years.
5. He is a __________ (responsible) person and always keeps his promises.
6. Our teacher often __________ (guide) us to make right decisions.
7. She __________ (achieve) her goal of getting good grades last term.
8. We need to break our bad __________ (habit) and develop good ones.
9. As we grow up, we should be independent and not __________ (depend) on others too much.
10. His __________ (grow) makes his parents very proud.
11. She can finish the work __________ (independent); she doesn’t need help.
12. The __________ (develop) of our country is getting faster and faster.
五、完成句子
1. 我长大后想成为一名医生。(grow up, doctor)
I want to be a doctor when I ____________________.
2. 随着我们长大,我们应该学会独立,不依赖父母。(grow up, independent, depend on)
As we ____________________, we should learn to be ____________________ and not ____________________ our parents.
3. 我们应该养成每天阅读的好习惯。(develop, good habit, read)
We should ____________________ a ____________________ of ____________________ every day.
4. 我们的成功取决于我们的努力和坚持。(success, depend on, hard work)
Our ____________________ ____________________ our ____________________ and perseverance.
5. 老师指导我们独立解决问题,帮助我们成长。(guide, solve problems, grow up)
The teacher ____________________ us to solve problems by ourselves and helps us ____________________.
6. 他是一个负责任的学生,对自己的学习负责。(responsible, be responsible for)
He is a ____________________ student and ____________________ ____________________ his own study.
7. 通过努力,她实现了成为一名画家的梦想。(hard work, achieve, dream, painter)
With ____________________, she ____________________ her ____________________ of becoming a ____________________.
参考答案
一、词形变换
1. grew 2. growth 3. owner 4. independently 5. depends 6. development 7. habits 8. responsibility 9. guidance 10. achievement
二、单项选择
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B
三、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1. grow 2. own 3. depends 4. develop 5. responsible 6. grows 7. guides 8. achieved 9. habits 10. independent
四、根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. depended 2. grew 3. develop 4. owned 5. responsible 6. guides 7. achieved 8. habits 9. depend 10. growth 11. independently 12. development
五、完成句子
1. grow up 2. grow up; independent; depend on 3. develop; good habit; reading 4. success depends on; hard work 5. guides; grow up 6. responsible; is responsible for 7. hard work; achieved; dream; painter
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