清单03 动词和动词的时态和语态（解题必备+易混易错）（图文版知识清单）2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错) 动词的种类 动词分为系动词、助动词、实义动词和情态动词四大类。 (一)系动词 系动词需与表语构成系表结构，表语常用名词或形容词。 系动词 功能 例句 Tom is upset because of bad grades. be 表示主语状态 (Tom因成绩差而沮丧) 感官动词 (taste/look/feel/ 表示感官感受 I feel sorry for him (我为他感到惋惜) smell/sound) 状态持续动词 What happened remains a secret. 表示状态延续 (keep/remain/stay) (发生的事仍是秘密) 状态变化动词 The food goes bad easily in summer. (become/get/go/ 表示状态转换 (夏天食物易变质) grow/turn) 表象动词 Linda seemed unhappy these days. 表示呈现状态 (seem/appear) (Linda这些天似乎不开心) 注意： ①系动词无被动语态 2 一般不用于进行时，但状态变化类可表"渐渐…”： The weather is getting warmer..(天气正变得越来越暖和) 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 解题必备+易混易错) ☆ （二)助动词 助动词协助构成时态、语态、疑问句等，无实际意义。 助动词 功能 例句 be 构成进行时： He is making a model plane. (am/is/are/ be+现在分词 (他正在做飞机模型) was/were) 构成被动语态： The clothes were washed by Mum. be+过去分词 (衣服被妈妈洗了) Tom doesn't make friends with unkind guys 构成否定句/疑问句 (Tom不和不友善的人交友) do/does/did 强调语气 My brother does like the horse. (我弟弟确实喜欢这匹马) I eat bread with honey,but my brother never does. 代替重复动词 (我弟弟从不这样吃) have/has/had 构成完成时： 09090 Mike has learned English for 8 years. have+过去分词 (Mike学英语8年了) 8 years 达 will/would 构成将来时 I will meet my cousin tomorrow. 明天④ (明天我去接表妹) shall/should 构成将来时 When shall we go for a picnic? (仅第一人称) (我们何时去野餐？) gih MABC 清单01名词、代词、数词及主谓一致 解题必备+易混易错) (三)实义动词 实义动词有完整意义，可独立作谓语，分及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词（需接宾语） 主谓宾 Mrs.Jones made cakes. (Jones夫人做了蛋糕) 主谓宾宾补 I saw an old man standing under the tree. (我看见老人站在树下) 主谓双宾 My pen pal sent me an email. (笔友给我发了邮件) 双宾语转换： ●多数动词：give sb.sth.=give sth.tosb. 例：Please lend me a book=Please lend a book to me buy/make:buy sb.sth.buy sth.for sb. 例：I want to buy a coat for my son. 2.不及物动词（无需接宾语） 独立使用 Her health is improving. (她健康状况在好转) 动词+介词：listen to the teacher(听老师讲课) 构成动词短语 动词+副词+介词：get on well with classmates (与同学相处融洽) ◆清单03动词和动词的时态和语态女 ABC (解题必备+易混易错) (四)情态动词（基本用法） 情态动词 意义与用法 例句 ①表能力(could为过去式) I can play the guitar. can/could -Could you clean your room? ②表请求(could更委婉，回答用can) -Yes,I can. ①表许可(might为过去式) -May I smoke here? may/might ②表愿望 -No,you can't. May you be happy! ①must:主观"必须"， -Must I finish today? must/have mustn't表禁止 -No,you needn't. ②have to:客观"不得不" You have to think about your future. ③否定回答：needn't/don't have to 表”需要”， You needn't do it at once. need 用于否定句/疑问句 (不必立刻做) ①表征求意见(I/we) Shall we meet at the museum? shall ②表将来 I shall take it back tomorrow. should 表责任/义务/建议 You should brush teeth twice a day. ①表请求 Will you send this letter? will/would ②表意愿(would更委婉) He would go to movies with us English 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错】 ★情态动词表推测 ◇肯定推测 情态动词 意义 用法 例句 配图 -Who's knocking? must 一定，肯定 把握极大，用于肯定句 一It must be Jim.(肯定是im) may 可能，也许 把握不大 I may be late,don't wait. (我可能迟到) It might be weeks before might/could 或许 把握极小 we reply.(可能要等几周) ⑧否定推测 情态动词 意义 用法 例句 配图 can't 不可能 语气强然 Mr.Li can't be in the classroom. (李老师不可能在教室) ★动词短语分类 构成方式 常见短语 配图 give a concert(开音乐会)，have a rest(休息)， 动词+冠词+名词 make a speech(演讲) catch fire(着火)，take place(发生)， 动词+名词 play sports(做运动) pay attention to(注意)，make use of(利用)， 动词+名词+介词 take pride in(以…为豪) catch up with(赶上)，come up with(想出)， 动词+副词+介词 put up with(忍受) AB English 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错) Grammar Tense 动词时态概述 时态通过谓语动词形式表达动作的时间和状态，中考核心时态共6种。 时态 谓语形式 例句 一般现在时 be动词（am/is/are) We are sad. 动词原形/单三 Leo plays basketball daily 2的 一般过去时 be动词(was/were) ●Alan was in Sydney. 动词过去式 Moray watered flowers. 般将来时 wi/shal/be going to+动词原形 ●My teacher will leave. I am going to learn cooking. 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing Bob is having a music class. 过去进行时 was/were+doing The kids were playing toys. 现在完成时 have/has+done My sister has cleaned rooms 一般现在时用法 经常性动作：I often ride a bike to the park.(我常骑车去公园) 2 现在状态：Bob writes good English.(Bob英语写得好) 3 客观真理：Shanghai lies in east China..(上海位于中国东部) 主将从现：If he arrives,.I will let you know.(如果他到了，我会告诉你) 5 计划动作：Our class starts at3pm.(我们课下午3点开始) 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态（解题必备+易混易错 二) 一般过去时用法 *过去特定时间动作*：We went to the library last week.(上周我们去了图书馆) 2 *过去习惯动作*：He always explained things clearly.(他，总是解释清楚事情) since从句'：My uncle has worked here since he came, (自从叔叔来就一直在这工作) 隐含过去时间*：一No photos here!一Sorry,I didn't notice. (对不起，我没注意到) No photos here! (三) 一般将来时用法 整will/shall+-动词原形*：Scientists believe more robots will exist. (科学家相信会有更多机器人) be going to-+动词原形*： -计划：Headmaster is going to take photos with us.(校长要和我们合影) 迹象：Dark clouds mean a storm is going to come. (乌云预示暴风雨要来) 梦be+doing(位移动词)*：Leo is leaving tomorrow. (Leo明天离开) *be about to+动词原形*：I am about to go when I want coffee. (我正要走时想喝咖啡) 精必然趋势*：Fish will die without water.. (鱼无水会死) 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错) (四) 现在进行时 *构成*：am/is/are+现在分词 *不可用于进行时的动词*： *用法*： ①感官动词(Iook/sound) ①*说话时正在进行*： Someone is knocking.Can you check? (有人敲门，能去看看吗？) ②情感动词(Iike/Iove/hate) ②*现阶段进行*： ③希望动词(want/wish/hope) The director is making a film these days. (导演最近在拍电影) ☆ ④状态动词(Iie/have/belong) ③*情感色彩(always) *★： Lei Feng is always thinking of others. 金 (雷锋总是为他人着想) ⑤思维动词(know/think/forget). (五) 过去进行时 *构成*： was/were+现在分词 *用法*： 69 ①*过去特定时刻*： Roger was taking a shower at 9 pm yesterday. (RogerE昨晚9点在洗澡) ②.*when从旬*： When teacher came in,we were reading. (老师进来时我们在读书) ③.*同时进行(while)*: While boys played basketball,others played football. (一些男孩打篮球时，另一些踢足球) 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错) (六)现在完成时 构成：have/has+过去分词 用法： ★ 特殊用法： ①过去动作对现在影响： ●have gone to:去了某地（未回） He has never travelled by plane. (他从没坐过飞机) ②持续到现在的动作： ●have been to:去过某地（已回） My father has worked in hospital for 10 years. (父亲在医院工作10年了) ③过去经历： I have been to the city twice. ●have been in:一直在某地 (我去过那个城市两次) 短暂性动词转换： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 例句 leave be away I have been away for 10 years. 興 buy have She has had the album for 2 days. 000A join be in He has been in the club since 2020. English die be dead His dog has been dead for a month. 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 (解题必备+易混易错) BC ·★动词的语态（被动语态结构） 时态 结构 例句 配图 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 History is made by people. (历史由人民创造) 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The letter was written in English. (信是用英语写的) 一般将来时 Your job will be kept open. will be+过去分词 (你的工作会保留) 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词 A new railway is being built. (新铁路正在修建) 过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词 The hall was being built last year. (大厅去年在修建) 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 He has been sent to Shanghai. (他已被派往上海) 情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词 Her temperature should be taken twice. (她的体温应庄量两次) 被动语态用法： 不明执行者： How is this word pronounced?(这个词怎么发音？) 2 强调承受者： A new school will be built here.(这里将建一所新学校) 3 习惯用法： He was born in2005.(他2005年出生) 礼貌表达： I have been told not to make noise.(有人告诉我不要喧哗) Shh... 清单03动词和动词的时态和语态 B (解题必备+易混易措) ☆ 主动形式表被动意义 情况 例句 一四g 表性质特征的动词 ●The cloth washes well.(这布料好洗) (lock/open/read/ sell/wash/write) ●This pen writes smoothly.(这钢笔好写) 感官系动词 。The music sounds good.(音乐好听) (smell/feel/ taste/sound) 。Mooncakes taste delicious.(月饼好吃) need/want/ ●The bike needs repairing.(自行车需要修理) require/worth+ 动名词 ●The book is worth reading.(这本书值得读) 知识拓展： 被动形式表主动意义的固定搭配： be seated be hidden be lost be drunk be dressed 坐着 躲藏 迷路 喝醉 穿着 例： ★She was dressed in red.(她穿着红色衣服) ★He was lost in the forest..(他在森林里迷路了)