英语真题重组卷（上海卷01）学易金卷：2026年高考考前最后一卷

2026年高考考前最后一卷01（上海卷） 高三英语参考答案 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) 【答案】 1．transporting 2．that 3．to go 4．which/that 5．is being destroyed 6．what 7．of 8．though 9．driven 10．being involved Section B (10分) 【答案】 11．G 12．F 13．E 14．K 15．I 16．H 17．D 18．J 19．C 20．A II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C Section B (22分) （A） 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A (B) 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D (C) 【答案】43．A 44．B 45．C 46．B Section C (8分) 【答案】47．E 48．C 49．F 50．A III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【答案】 Climate change significantly triggers anxiety, with a multitude of young people openly expressing their worry. To effectively alleviate concerns, obtain accurate information from highly reliable sources. Remember, hope still persists as many are striving to tackle it. Taking small daily practical actions can also truly make a meaningful difference and ease anxiety. IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52． 【答案】The public security department claimed that the cruel murderer would surely be brought to justice. 53． 【答案】Emphasis is laid on the fact that the promotion of economical electric vehicles can help promote the concept of energy conservation. 54． 【答案】He was too indecisive in handling emergencies, which directly led to the delay of the project. 55． 【答案】The biologist boasted that he had successfully created babies immune to AIDS through gene editing, but this project was doomed to fail. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56． 【答案】 Dear Host, I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School. I recently listened to your podcast and I totally agree with your opinion that we should choose a challenging but interesting path instead of just seeking stability when facing important choices. Your words made me think a lot. My deskmate, Wang Hong, is a good example that can prove your view. She loved painting since she was a child, but her parents asked her to choose science because they thought it would give her a stable job. However, she followed her heart and chose art, which was more challenging for her. Now she is getting better and better at painting and feels very happy. I think what you said is very meaningful to us teenagers. Thank you for your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考考前最后一卷01（上海卷） 高三英语 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The former sailor fighting to keep cruise ships at bay Few people know the sea better than Frederic Picard. He spent 30 years in the merchant navy before becoming a commercial captain, 1 (transport) tourists and containers across the Mediterranean for more than two decades. Now aged 65, it is with no small note of sadness 2 he says, increasingly, it is the land that calls him. “To be honest, I no longer feel the same urge 3 (go) to sea,” he said. “I go hiking a lot in the mountains with my wife, and we’ve found an environment 4 is much more preserved. The mountains are beautiful wherever you go.” Picard’s beloved sea 5 (destroy), he believes, by something uncomfortably close to home: cruise ships. Faced with this new reality, Picard has decided to become the sea’s protector. For Picard, the switch from boat captain to protector — a transformation that required him to unlearn much of 6 his decades at sea had taught — has been a long and often humbling journey of self-education. When he started working on ships he knew they were “machines that pollute a lot”, but little more than that, he said. He became increasingly aware of the impact 7 parking such “big monsters” in the middle of a city, and when his first grandchild was born he decided he needed to act. He has regrets about his former career as a commercial sailor, which, 8 it gave him decades of experience at sea, also made him participate in the very practices he now criticizes; yet he makes efforts to share his knowledge of the maritime world with as many people as possible, 9 (drive) by the hope that such awareness might prove useful to others. “I certainly feel guilty,” he said. “It’s guilt for 10 (involve) in the destruction of life. But maybe that is the engine that makes me an activist now. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appreciate    B．consequences    C． emotional    D．habits    E. hold. F. outbursts G. overlooked    H. quieten    I.  stuck      J. sweetly    K. unfulfilling How to tell if you’re living with ‘quiet stress’ The term “quiet stress” is gathering pace among experts. According to them, it’s an often 11 form of the more widely known version, which is characterized by visible 12 : swearing, shouting, and anger. “We quietly 13 our stress within: we don’t speak up about how we actually feel, because of which we become inactive. We stay in unhappy relationships and 14 jobs. We feel overwhelmed, yet ignore important tasks. Quiet stress creates a form of emotional paralysis (麻痹) that keeps us 15 in unhappy situations,” says Jillian Lavender, who runs the London Meditation Centre. Cary Cooper, a professor of psychology and health at the University of Manchester, compares the effects of quiet stress to shrapnel(散弹):“You can learn to 16 your stress responses, but eventually the stress will emerge: as well as an immune system that stops working well, you may withdraw socially, isolate yourself and begin to engage in unhealthy 17 drinking too much. Despite getting a bad reputation over the years, expressing anger of frustration is far healthier than smiling 18 while feeling quietly stressed. A recent study from Stanford University in the US backs this theory up. The researchers found that seeing stress as a helpful part of dealing with life’s challenges, rather than as something to be avoided, was associated with better health, 19 wellbeing and productivity at work. “Stress isn’t always harmful,” said Kelly McGonigal, a business school lecturer at Stanford who worked on the study. “Once you 20 that going through stress makes you better at it, it can be easier to face each new challenge.” II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 36．According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? A．Physical beauty would be redefined. B．New runways would be constructed. C．Websites about dieting would thrive. D．The fashion industry would decline. 37．The phrase “impinging on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A．heightening the value of B．indicating the state of C．losing faith in D．doing harm to 38．Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry? A．The French measures have already failed. B．New standards are being set in Denmark. C．Models are no longer under peer pressure. D．Its inherent problems are getting worse. 39．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals B．A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France C．Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty D．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 40．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 41．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 42．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ (C) Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的) investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”. In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities( 股 票 ), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露) of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. 43．According to Paragraph 1, one reason for imposing the new rule is the _______. A．enhance banker’s sense of responsibility B．help corporations achieve larger profits C．build a new system of financial regulation D．guarantee the bonuses of top executives 44．It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be _______. A．indirect B．negative C．favorable D．temporary 45．The US and France examples in paragraphs 5 and 6 are used to illustrate_______. A．the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”. B．the significance of long-term thinking. C．the approaches to promoting “long-termism” D．the popularity of short-term thinking. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B．Patience as a Corporate Virtue C．Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D．Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over 95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature — the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use. It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. 47 . After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities. Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks. 48 . Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That’s better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light. The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7°C cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m². At night, the paint dropped to 10°C below the ambient temperature. In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. 49 . The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. 50 . “Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.” says Ruan, an author of the study. “The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.” A．But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements. B．Developing the plant was a multi-year process involving a lot of testing of different colors. C．For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method. D．The radiative cooling paint could help cool down houses, cars and even the planet. E．Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool. F．Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Climate Anxiety Climate change is an issue that can feel worrying. As world leaders meet at COP30 to discuss climate change, there’s lots you can do to help with climate anxiety. There are often lots of stories about the environment and climate change in the news, from forest fires to rising temperatures and this can make you anxious.” It can feel frightening, uncertain and overwhelming, says author and therapist Eloise Skinner. She’s an expert in how people think, feel and behave. If you are feeling this way, you are not alone. A survey by the Save the Children charity found that 70% of young people they spoke to are worried about climate change. There are ways to help ease your worries. One of them is making sure you have all the correct information and accurate details about climate change. “Topics that feel overwhelming when we don’t have all the information can start to feel less scary when we educate ourselves on the issue,” says Skinner. It’s very important to make sure you’re getting your information from the right places, though. “For example, it might be good to read more about it in books or articles, rather than social media,” says Skinner. It’s important to remember that there are lots of people including children, working hard to tackle climate change and there is still hope. Author Ben Martynoga knows all about the environment. He wrote a book about the different and amazing ways nature helps the planet. He says, “We can definitely change what happens next. Climate change pushes us to live differently and that gives us a real chance to build something better: wilder cities, cleaner energy, and a world where nature and people both thrive. Skinner says that for some people, “It might feel better to take small practical actions in everyday life towards supporting the climate, rather than learning all the details.” to help make you feel better. So whether that’s litter picking in your area, using less plastic, planting flowers for bees, raising money for an environmental charity or walking to school instead of getting a lift in the car, there are lots of ways you can make a real difference to the planet. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．公安部门声称一定会将残忍的凶手绳之以法。(justice) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53．强调经济型电动车的推广能有助于推广节能的理念。(emphasis) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54．他在处理紧急事件中过于优柔寡断，这直接导致了项目的延期。(indecisive) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55．这个生物学家吹嘘说已经用基因编辑成功创造出了对艾滋免疫的婴儿，但是此工程注定会失败。(immune) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你最近收听一档英语播客（podcast），主持人在节目中谈到：“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”对此，你产生了思考，并决定给该播客主持人写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件内容须包括： （1）你是否赞成主持人的观点； （2）用一个具体事例来说明你的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026年高考考前最后一卷01（上海卷） 英语·答题卡 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 1111 ✉ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 注意喜项 2 2 2 1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 3 3 3 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 3 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 78 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5.正确填涂■ 选择题（请用2B 铅笔填涂) 11[A][B][C]D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 16 [A][B]IC][D][E][F][G][H][I][J]IK] 12 1A]IB][C][D][E][F][G][H][I]IJ]IK] 17 (A][B]IC]ID][E]IF][G][H][I]IJ]IK] p 13[AJIB][C][D][E][F][G][H]II][J][K] 18 [A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 14[A1[B][C1[D][E][F]IG][H][I][J]IK] 19[A1[B][C1[D1[E][F][G][H][I]IJ][K] 15 [A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J]IK] 20 [A]IB][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 21 [A][B][C][D] 26[A]IB][C][D] 31【A][B][C]ID] 22 [A]IB][C][D] 27 [A][B][C]ID] 32 [A][B][C][D] 23[A][B1[C1[D1 28[A][B][C]ID] 33[A][B][C1[D] 24[A1IB][C1[D] 29【A][BJIC]ID] 34【A][B][C1[D] 25【A1[B1[C1[D] 30[A][B][C][D] 35[A1[B][C1[D1 36【A][B][C][D] 41 [A][B][C][D] 46IA]【B]IC][D] 蕾 37 [A][B][C][D] 42 A]IB]IC][D] 47 [A][B][C][D][F] 38[A][B][C1[D] 43[A][B][C]ID] 48【A][B][C]ID][F] 日 39【A]IB][C][D] 44 [A][B]IC][D 49 [A][B][C][D][F] 40[A]IB][C][D] 45[A][B][C]ID] 50【AJIB][C1ID1[E] 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 6 7. 8. 9 10 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第1页（共4页） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出集色矩形 III.Summary Writing(满分10分) 51. IV.Translation(满分15分) 52. 53. 54. 55. V.Guided Writing(满分20分) 英语第2页（共4页） ■ ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 请勿在此区域内作答 或者做任何标记 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ ■ 英语第3页（共4页） 英语第4页（共4页） ■学校 班级 姓名 准考证号 密 封… 线 1 A 葆 I.Grammar and Vocabulary 40 [AJ[B][C][D]I 38 [AJ[BJ[C][D] 37 [A][B][C][D] 36 [A][B][C][D] [AJIBI[CJIDI 24 [AJ[BJ[C][D] 23 [AJ[B][C][D] [AJ[BJ[CJ[D] [AJ[BJ[CI[DI 的 UnNJ」O 45 [AJ[B][CI[DI 44 [AJ[B][C][D] 合43 42 [AJ[BJ[C][D] 出41 30 [AJ[B][C][D] 29 [A][B][C][D] 28 [AJ[B][CI[D] 27 [A][BJ[C][D] 26 [A][BJ[C][D] [AJ[BJICJIDI[EJ[FJIGJ[HJ[IJ1JJ[KI 00 A 0 A 0 9 A )1 o 50 [A][BJ[C][D][FI 49 [AJ[BI[CJ[D][F] 48 [AJ[BI[CJ[D][FI 47 [AJ[BI[CJ[D]I[FI 46 [AJ[B][C][D] 35 [A][B][CI[DI 34 [AJ[B][C][D] 33 [A][B][CI[D] 32 [A][B][CJ[D] 31 [A][B][C][D] 20 [AJ[BJ[CJ[D][EJ[FJ[G][HJ[IJ[JJ[K 19 [AJ[BJICJ[DJIEJ[FJ[GJ[HJ[IJIJJ[KI 1#二HEC二18 18 17 [AJ[BJICJIDJ[EJIFJ[GJ[HJ[I11JJ[KI sA=5=D#=FG二Ha二3 欢瓷、明了。 0 2020保际专害所教合一养0】（资养） ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形 IⅡ.Summary Writing(满分l0分) 51. IV.Translation(满分15分) 52. 53. 54. 55. V.Guided Writing(满分20分) 英语第2页（共4页） ■ ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效： 请勿在此区域内作答 或者做任何标记 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ ■ 英语第3页（共4页） 英语第4页（共4页）………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026年高考考前最后一卷01（上海卷） 高三英语 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The former sailor fighting to keep cruise ships at bay Few people know the sea better than Frederic Picard. He spent 30 years in the merchant navy before becoming a commercial captain, 1 (transport) tourists and containers across the Mediterranean for more than two decades. Now aged 65, it is with no small note of sadness 2 he says, increasingly, it is the land that calls him. “To be honest, I no longer feel the same urge 3 (go) to sea,” he said. “I go hiking a lot in the mountains with my wife, and we’ve found an environment 4 is much more preserved. The mountains are beautiful wherever you go.” Picard’s beloved sea 5 (destroy), he believes, by something uncomfortably close to home: cruise ships. Faced with this new reality, Picard has decided to become the sea’s protector. For Picard, the switch from boat captain to protector — a transformation that required him to unlearn much of 6 his decades at sea had taught — has been a long and often humbling journey of self-education. When he started working on ships he knew they were “machines that pollute a lot”, but little more than that, he said. He became increasingly aware of the impact 7 parking such “big monsters” in the middle of a city, and when his first grandchild was born he decided he needed to act. He has regrets about his former career as a commercial sailor, which, 8 it gave him decades of experience at sea, also made him participate in the very practices he now criticizes; yet he makes efforts to share his knowledge of the maritime world with as many people as possible, 9 (drive) by the hope that such awareness might prove useful to others. “I certainly feel guilty,” he said. “It’s guilt for 10 (involve) in the destruction of life. But maybe that is the engine that makes me an activist now. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appreciate    B．consequences    C． emotional    D．habits    E. hold. F. outbursts G. overlooked    H. quieten    I.  stuck      J. sweetly    K. unfulfilling How to tell if you’re living with ‘quiet stress’ The term “quiet stress” is gathering pace among experts. According to them, it’s an often 11 form of the more widely known version, which is characterized by visible 12 : swearing, shouting, and anger. “We quietly 13 our stress within: we don’t speak up about how we actually feel, because of which we become inactive. We stay in unhappy relationships and 14 jobs. We feel overwhelmed, yet ignore important tasks. Quiet stress creates a form of emotional paralysis (麻痹) that keeps us 15 in unhappy situations,” says Jillian Lavender, who runs the London Meditation Centre. Cary Cooper, a professor of psychology and health at the University of Manchester, compares the effects of quiet stress to shrapnel(散弹):“You can learn to 16 your stress responses, but eventually the stress will emerge: as well as an immune system that stops working well, you may withdraw socially, isolate yourself and begin to engage in unhealthy 17 drinking too much. Despite getting a bad reputation over the years, expressing anger of frustration is far healthier than smiling 18 while feeling quietly stressed. A recent study from Stanford University in the US backs this theory up. The researchers found that seeing stress as a helpful part of dealing with life’s challenges, rather than as something to be avoided, was associated with better health, 19 wellbeing and productivity at work. “Stress isn’t always harmful,” said Kelly McGonigal, a business school lecturer at Stanford who worked on the study. “Once you 20 that going through stress makes you better at it, it can be easier to face each new challenge.” II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 36．According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? A．Physical beauty would be redefined. B．New runways would be constructed. C．Websites about dieting would thrive. D．The fashion industry would decline. 37．The phrase “impinging on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A．heightening the value of B．indicating the state of C．losing faith in D．doing harm to 38．Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry? A．The French measures have already failed. B．New standards are being set in Denmark. C．Models are no longer under peer pressure. D．Its inherent problems are getting worse. 39．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals B．A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France C．Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty D．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 40．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 41．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 42．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ (C) Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的) investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”. In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities( 股 票 ), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露) of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. 43．According to Paragraph 1, one reason for imposing the new rule is the _______. A．enhance banker’s sense of responsibility B．help corporations achieve larger profits C．build a new system of financial regulation D．guarantee the bonuses of top executives 44．It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be _______. A．indirect B．negative C．favorable D．temporary 45．The US and France examples in paragraphs 5 and 6 are used to illustrate_______. A．the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”. B．the significance of long-term thinking. C．the approaches to promoting “long-termism” D．the popularity of short-term thinking. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B．Patience as a Corporate Virtue C．Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D．Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over 95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature — the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use. It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. 47 . After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities. Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks. 48 . Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That’s better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light. The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7°C cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m². At night, the paint dropped to 10°C below the ambient temperature. In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. 49 . The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. 50 . “Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.” says Ruan, an author of the study. “The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.” A．But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements. B．Developing the plant was a multi-year process involving a lot of testing of different colors. C．For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method. D．The radiative cooling paint could help cool down houses, cars and even the planet. E．Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool. F．Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Climate Anxiety Climate change is an issue that can feel worrying. As world leaders meet at COP30 to discuss climate change, there’s lots you can do to help with climate anxiety. There are often lots of stories about the environment and climate change in the news, from forest fires to rising temperatures and this can make you anxious.” It can feel frightening, uncertain and overwhelming, says author and therapist Eloise Skinner. She’s an expert in how people think, feel and behave. If you are feeling this way, you are not alone. A survey by the Save the Children charity found that 70% of young people they spoke to are worried about climate change. There are ways to help ease your worries. One of them is making sure you have all the correct information and accurate details about climate change. “Topics that feel overwhelming when we don’t have all the information can start to feel less scary when we educate ourselves on the issue,” says Skinner. It’s very important to make sure you’re getting your information from the right places, though. “For example, it might be good to read more about it in books or articles, rather than social media,” says Skinner. It’s important to remember that there are lots of people including children, working hard to tackle climate change and there is still hope. Author Ben Martynoga knows all about the environment. He wrote a book about the different and amazing ways nature helps the planet. He says, “We can definitely change what happens next. Climate change pushes us to live differently and that gives us a real chance to build something better: wilder cities, cleaner energy, and a world where nature and people both thrive. Skinner says that for some people, “It might feel better to take small practical actions in everyday life towards supporting the climate, rather than learning all the details.” to help make you feel better. So whether that’s litter picking in your area, using less plastic, planting flowers for bees, raising money for an environmental charity or walking to school instead of getting a lift in the car, there are lots of ways you can make a real difference to the planet. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．公安部门声称一定会将残忍的凶手绳之以法。(justice) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53．强调经济型电动车的推广能有助于推广节能的理念。(emphasis) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54．他在处理紧急事件中过于优柔寡断，这直接导致了项目的延期。(indecisive) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55．这个生物学家吹嘘说已经用基因编辑成功创造出了对艾滋免疫的婴儿，但是此工程注定会失败。(immune) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你最近收听一档英语播客（podcast），主持人在节目中谈到：“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”对此，你产生了思考，并决定给该播客主持人写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件内容须包括： （1）你是否赞成主持人的观点； （2）用一个具体事例来说明你的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第9页（共12页） 试题 第10页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考考前最后一卷01（上海卷） 高三英语 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The former sailor fighting to keep cruise ships at bay Few people know the sea better than Frederic Picard. He spent 30 years in the merchant navy before becoming a commercial captain, 1 (transport) tourists and containers across the Mediterranean for more than two decades. Now aged 65, it is with no small note of sadness 2 he says, increasingly, it is the land that calls him. “To be honest, I no longer feel the same urge 3 (go) to sea,” he said. “I go hiking a lot in the mountains with my wife, and we’ve found an environment 4 is much more preserved. The mountains are beautiful wherever you go.” Picard’s beloved sea 5 (destroy), he believes, by something uncomfortably close to home: cruise ships. Faced with this new reality, Picard has decided to become the sea’s protector. For Picard, the switch from boat captain to protector — a transformation that required him to unlearn much of 6 his decades at sea had taught — has been a long and often humbling journey of self-education. When he started working on ships he knew they were “machines that pollute a lot”, but little more than that, he said. He became increasingly aware of the impact 7 parking such “big monsters” in the middle of a city, and when his first grandchild was born he decided he needed to act. He has regrets about his former career as a commercial sailor, which, 8 it gave him decades of experience at sea, also made him participate in the very practices he now criticizes; yet he makes efforts to share his knowledge of the maritime world with as many people as possible, 9 (drive) by the hope that such awareness might prove useful to others. “I certainly feel guilty,” he said. “It’s guilt for 10 (involve) in the destruction of life. But maybe that is the engine that makes me an activist now. 【答案】 1．transporting 2．that 3．to go 4．which/that 5．is being destroyed 6．what 7．of 8．though 9．driven 10．being involved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了前水手Frederic Picard从海上从业者转变为海洋保护者的经历及原因。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在成为商业船长之前，他在商船上工作了30年，20多年来一直在地中海运送游客和集装箱。本句已有谓语动词spent，所以空处需用非谓语动词；transport与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词transporting作伴随状语。故填transporting。 2．考查强调句型。句意：现年65岁的他说，越来越让他感到悲伤的是，是陆地召唤着他。强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，本句强调的是状语with no small note of sadness，所以空处需用that。故填that。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“说实话，我不再有同样的出海冲动了，”他说。urge to do sth.“做某事的冲动”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to go。 4．考查定语从句。句意：“我和妻子经常在山里徒步旅行，我们发现了一个保存得更好的环境。无论你走到哪里，山都很美。”空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是environment，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 5．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Picard认为，他心爱的大海正在被一种与自身密切相关的东西摧毁：游轮。根据句意和语境可知，此处表示大海正在被摧毁，所以空处谓语动词需用现在进行时的被动语态：be being done，主语是sea，单数，所以be动词需用is。故填is being destroyed。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：对Picard来说，从船长到保护者的转变——这需要他忘记在海上几十年的大部分所学——是一段漫长而常常令人谦卑的自我教育之旅。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句动词taught缺少宾语，指物，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。 7．考查介词。句意：他越来越意识到把这样的“大怪物”停在城市中心的影响，当他的第一个孙子出生时，他决定需要采取行动。the impact of“……的影响”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用介词of。故填of。 8．考查连词。句意：他对自己以前的商业水手生涯感到遗憾，尽管这让他在海上有了几十年的经验，但也让他参与了他现在批评的做法；然而，他努力与尽可能多的人分享他对海洋世界的知识，希望这种意识对其他人有用。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间是让步关系，所以空处需用连词though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填though。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。yet之后的句子已有谓语动词makes，所以空处需用非谓语动词；空处动词drive与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词driven作状语。故填driven。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这当然是一种内疚感，”他说。“这是参与破坏生命的内疚感。但也许这就是让我现在成为一名活动家的动力。”介词for后需接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“被卷入”，所以空处需用动名词的被动语态：being done。故填being involved。 Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appreciate    B．consequences    C． emotional    D．habits    E. hold. F. outbursts G. overlooked    H. quieten    I.  stuck      J. sweetly    K. unfulfilling How to tell if you’re living with ‘quiet stress’ The term “quiet stress” is gathering pace among experts. According to them, it’s an often 11 form of the more widely known version, which is characterized by visible 12 : swearing, shouting, and anger. “We quietly 13 our stress within: we don’t speak up about how we actually feel, because of which we become inactive. We stay in unhappy relationships and 14 jobs. We feel overwhelmed, yet ignore important tasks. Quiet stress creates a form of emotional paralysis (麻痹) that keeps us 15 in unhappy situations,” says Jillian Lavender, who runs the London Meditation Centre. Cary Cooper, a professor of psychology and health at the University of Manchester, compares the effects of quiet stress to shrapnel(散弹):“You can learn to 16 your stress responses, but eventually the stress will emerge: as well as an immune system that stops working well, you may withdraw socially, isolate yourself and begin to engage in unhealthy 17 drinking too much. Despite getting a bad reputation over the years, expressing anger of frustration is far healthier than smiling 18 while feeling quietly stressed. A recent study from Stanford University in the US backs this theory up. The researchers found that seeing stress as a helpful part of dealing with life’s challenges, rather than as something to be avoided, was associated with better health, 19 wellbeing and productivity at work. “Stress isn’t always harmful,” said Kelly McGonigal, a business school lecturer at Stanford who worked on the study. “Once you 20 that going through stress makes you better at it, it can be easier to face each new challenge.” 【答案】 11．G 12．F 13．E 14．K 15．I 16．H 17．D 18．J 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是安静压力，它带来的伤害以及如何应对。 11．考查形容词。句意：据专家说，在以咒骂，大喊大叫和生气为特点的广为流传的压力中，它是被忽视的那一种。 根据空前的冠词an以及空后的名词form可知，此处应填形容词，且此处意为这种压力是被忽视了的，故选择overlooked“被忽视的”，故选G。 12．考查名词。句意：据专家说，在以咒骂，大喊大叫和生气为特点的广为流传的压力中，它是被忽视的那一种。根据空前的形容词visible可知，此处应填名词作介词by的宾语，且根据空后的解释“swearing shouting, and anger”可知，此处指的是通过大喊大叫等来爆发情绪，故选outbursts“爆发”，故选F。 13．考查动词。句意：我们安静地将情绪控制在内心：我们不会说出我们的真实感受，因为这一点，我们会变得不活跃。此处为谓语动词，且根据空后的“our stress within”可知，此处意为将压力控制在内心，故应选hold“控制，保持”，故选E。 14．考查形容词。句意：我们会与同事相处不开心，并且也无法完成工作。根据空后的名词jobs可知，此处应填形容词修饰jobs，且根据后文的“ignore important tasks”可知，此处意为“未完成的工作”，应选unfulfilling“未完成的”，故选K。 15．考查形容词。句意：安静压力会产生一种情绪麻痹，使我们一直处于不开心的状态下。根据空前的“keep us”以及空后的“in unhappy situations”可知，此处应选择表示“让人处于……状态”的形容词，故选stuck“被困的”，故选I。 16．考查动词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的心理健康学教授Cary Cooper将安静压力效应比作散弹：你可以学会去平静你的压力发应，但是最终它会出现。根据空前“learn to”和空后的名词“your stress responses”可知，此处应填动词，且此处意为使压力反应平静下来，故应选quieten“使……平静”，故选H。 17．考查名词。句意：就像你的免疫系统停止运行一样，你可能会感到社会恐惧，孤立自己，开始养成不好的习惯，喝太多酒。根据空前形容词unhealthy可知，此处应填名词，且空后意为“喝太多酒”这种不好的习惯，故此空应选habits“习惯”，故选D。 18．考查副词。句意：尽管多年来名声不佳，但表达愤怒和沮丧要比平静地感到压力时甜甜地微笑要健康得多。根据空前动词“smiling”可知，此处应填副词修饰动词，根据句意此处表示“甜甜地微笑”，故应选sweetly“甜甜地”，故选J。 19．考查形容词。句意：研究者发现，将压力看作是有助于处理生活挑战而不是必须避免的事情时，我们才能更好地处理压力，才能感到幸福，才能有利于工作具有创造性。根据空后的名词“wellbeing and productivity”可知，此处应填形容词。且根据句意此处意为“情感上的幸福”，故选emotional“情感上的，情绪上的”，故选C。 20．考查动词。句意：一旦你认为只有经历了压力才能更好的处理压力，那么生活中的挑战才会更容易克服。根据空前的情态动词can可知，此处应填动词原形，且此处意为“认为，意识到”，故选appreciate，故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“提前拖延症”这一现象，分析其定义、表现、成因、弊端及合理应对方式，区分其与普通拖延症的不同。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你努力克服拖延症的过程中，有可能做得太过火吗？A. beat克服，击败；B. enhance增强；C. adapt适应；D. reveal揭示。根据前文“The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time.”可知，此处指努力克服拖延症。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的研究重点是“提前拖延症”的危害，即过于仓促地投入任务的倾向。A. feasibility可行性；B. tendency倾向，趋势；C. possibility可能性；D. activity活动。根据前文“precrastination”的定义，结合空后“to rush too quickly into tasks”可知，此处指的是一种行为倾向。故选B。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它会导致不必要的精力消耗，而稍微计划一下就可以避免 —— 换句话说，欲速则不达。A. rise from由……引起；B. result from由……导致；C. result in导致，引起；D. end with以……结束。根据空后“an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning”可知，此处指提前拖延症会导致这种后果。故选C。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与拖延者不同，拖延者可能会把收件箱里满满的邮件留到第二天再处理，而提前拖延者会在早上第一件事就阅读并回复每一封邮件。A. With regards to关于；B. In terms of就……而言；C. In response to作为对……的回应；D. As opposed to与……相反，相对于。根据后文对“procrastinator”和“precrastinator”行为的对比可知，此处指 与拖延者相反。故选D。 25．考查连词短语辨析。句意：即使他们知道大多数邮件都不重要，他们也会选择尽快处理掉。A. Only if只有；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. As if好像；D. What if要是……会怎样。根据空前后“they know most of the emails are unimportant”和“they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处存在转折让步关系。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，这可能意味着耗尽他们之后可能需要用于更紧急任务的宝贵精力。A. common普通的；B. minor次要的；C. special特殊的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文“clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处指这些精力本可以用于更紧急的任务，urgent符合语境，与前文unimportant形成对比。故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，对大多数人来说，很难抗拒唾手可得的成果。A. overcome克服；B. realize意识到；C. sense感觉到；D. resist抵抗，抗拒。根据后文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”可知，此处指人们很难抗拒容易得到的东西。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果某样东西立刻对你可用，你会本能地去争取它。A. desirable令人向往的；B. available可获得的，可用的；C. approachable可接近的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market.”可知，免费食物样品是可获得的，此处指容易得到的东西会吸引人。故选B。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当你完成简单的短期任务时，你需要考虑的事情就少了一件 ——“我可以在五分钟内完成这件事。为什么不现在就处理呢？”A. Especially尤其；B. Fairly相当；C. Similarly同样地；D. Arguably可以说。前文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”和后文“when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about”逻辑一致，是同样道理。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，诸如责任心、渴望取悦他人和精力充沛等人格特质可以预测提前拖延行为，但它们背后的进化冲动是普遍存在的。A. traits特质，特征；B. drawbacks缺点；C. themes主题；D. strengths优势。根据空后“such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy”可知，这些都是人的人格特质。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前拖延症真正的弊端在于，当你急于完成任务时，你自然会有更高的几率把工作做得不完整或不准确。A. upside优势，好处；B. downside弊端，缺点；C. feature特征；D. value价值。根据空后“doing your work incompletely or inaccurately”可知，这是提前拖延症的弊端。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以邮件为例，有时候等待回复可以体现出重视深思熟虑而非急于求成，尤其是当邮件内容涉及情感时。A. respond回应，回复；B. read阅读；C. reflect反思；D. edit编辑。根据前文“a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning”可知，此处指与提前回复相反——等待回复。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，提前拖延症并非没有好处，但关键是只有在合理的时候才这样做。A. shortcomings缺点；B. interests兴趣；C. benefits好处，益处；D. improvements改进。根据后文“but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense”可知，此处存在转折，指提前拖延症也有好处。故选C。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，长期的提前拖延者也必须意识到，把琐碎的事情放在一边是可以的，因为它们在当天晚些时候不会需要太多的脑力。A. take on承担；B. set aside搁置，留出；C. put forward提出；D. break down分解，崩溃。根据后文“because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day”可知，此处指可以搁置琐碎的事情。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们的社会中，应该达成共识，停下来闻闻花香是可以的。放慢脚步，保持从容和专注。”A. intentional故意的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. deliberate从容的，深思熟虑的；D. impulsive冲动的。根据前文“it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible”和“smell the flowers”可知，此处指从容地放慢脚步。故选C。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 36．According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? A．Physical beauty would be redefined. B．New runways would be constructed. C．Websites about dieting would thrive. D．The fashion industry would decline. 37．The phrase “impinging on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A．heightening the value of B．indicating the state of C．losing faith in D．doing harm to 38．Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry? A．The French measures have already failed. B．New standards are being set in Denmark. C．Models are no longer under peer pressure. D．Its inherent problems are getting worse. 39．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals B．A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France C．Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty D．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国际上在针对女性外表美进行改革，法国为首的国家，将通过法律来帮助女性树立正确的价值观以及对美的看法和标准。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.(自诩为全球时尚创新者的法国认为，其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性外表美的绝对权利。上周，该国立法者初步批准了一项法律，该法律将在t台上雇用超瘦模特定为犯罪。议会还同意禁止那些通过提倡极端节食来“煽动过度瘦”的网站)”可知，外在美在法国将被重新定义。故选A。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“beauty should not be defined by looks that end up(美不应该以外貌来定义)”以及划线词后文“And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done.(对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是为了保护模特们免于饿死——就像有些模特所做的那样)”可知，美不应该以外貌来定义，后文为了美导致饿死的例子表明，注重外貌会对健康造成伤害。故划线词意思是“对……造成伤害”。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.(在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，它正试图为模特和时尚形象设定自愿的标准，这些标准更多地依赖于同行的压力来执行)”可知，丹麦正在制定新的标准。故选B。 39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.(自诩为全球时尚创新者的法国认为，其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性外表美的绝对权利。上周，该国立法者初步批准了一项法律，该法律将在t台上雇用超瘦模特定为犯罪。议会还同意禁止那些通过提倡极端节食来“煽动过度瘦”的网站)”，倒数第三段“The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.(时尚界知道，专注于材料装饰和理想化的体型存在固有的问题)”；最后一段“Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.(依靠道德上的说服而不是法律来解决对理想身材的滥用可能是最好的一步。更好的做法是，帮助提升美的概念，使其超越特定行业的物质标准)”结合文章主要说明了国际上在针对女性外表美进行改革，法国为首的国家，将通过法律来帮助女性树立正确的价值观以及对美的看法和标准可知，A选项“对时尚界理想身材的挑战”最符合文章标题。故选A。 (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 40．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 41．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 42．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly.( BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。 41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. (起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在 BCI 系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。 42．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies.( BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应 BCI 系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D 选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C 错误。故选D项。 (C) Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的) investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”. In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities( 股 票 ), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露) of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. 43．According to Paragraph 1, one reason for imposing the new rule is the _______. A．enhance banker’s sense of responsibility B．help corporations achieve larger profits C．build a new system of financial regulation D．guarantee the bonuses of top executives 44．It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be _______. A．indirect B．negative C．favorable D．temporary 45．The US and France examples in paragraphs 5 and 6 are used to illustrate_______. A．the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”. B．the significance of long-term thinking. C．the approaches to promoting “long-termism” D．the popularity of short-term thinking. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B．Patience as a Corporate Virtue C．Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D．Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers 【答案】43．A 44．B 45．C 46．B 【分析】本文为新闻报道。英国金融法规实施了一条不寻常的规定，让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任。所有的公司都要做出“长期”投资，为子孙后代建设更强的经济。 43．细节理解题。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和one motive in imposing the new rule定位到第一段第三句The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.这项“clawback”规则的主要目的是让银行家为有害的风险承担责任，并修复公众对金融机构的信任。由此可知，实施新规则的原因是强化银行家的责任感。分析选项：选项A的enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility（增强银行家的责任感）符合题意。干扰项B项help corporations achieve larger profits（帮助公司获得更大的利润）并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项C的build a new system of financial regulation（建立新的金融监管体系）原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项D的guarantee the bonuses of top executives（保证高层管理人员的奖金）与原文提到的any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years（任何有保证的高管奖金都可能推迟10年），与表述相反，是错误的。综合可知，选A。 44．细节理解题。根据题干关键词the influence of transient investment on public companies定位到原文第三段第二句Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. 短暂的投资者，要求公司季度利润高会妨碍公司投资于长期研究或建立客户忠诚度的努力，因此可知“短期投资”的影响是不好的，分析选项B中的“negative”意思是“负面的，消极的”，与原文中的“hinder(阻碍，打扰)”是一致的。因此B符合题意，故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据题干关键词US and France examples定位到原文五、六段，第五段为美国的例子（美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行的现状）和第六段以法国为促进“长期主义”投资采取的方法（法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权）。第六段首句承前启后过渡到Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism”(促进“长期主义”投资还有很多方法)。由此可推断出第五和第六段中以美法为例来说明促进“长期主义”投资的方法。故选C。 46．主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章围绕西方国家的金融行业的“短期主义”投资和“长期主义”投资展开，第一段由一项限制高管津贴措施引出话题：促进金融投资的“长期主义的规划”。第二段介绍目前英国“短期主义”投资占主流，是没有耐心（impatience）。第三段介绍“短期主义”的弊端，第四段介绍美国现阶段的“短期主义”投资的愈发盛行。第五段和第六段举例美国缓解“短期主义”投资、法国为促进“长期主义”投资采取的措施，尾段再次呼应首段：点明英国新政府提醒银行家们注重“长期主义”投资，长期的投资需要耐心（patience）。由此可知“耐心是公司的美德”为短文最佳标题。分析选项，可知B选项Patience对应原文形容short temisim（没耐心impatience）和 long temisim(有耐心patience)。而corporate原文多次出现，为本文的关键词，符合最佳选项。而其余三项都不能概括全文，可排除，只有B选项正确，故选B。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over 95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature — the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use. It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. 47 . After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities. Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks. 48 . Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That’s better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light. The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7°C cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m². At night, the paint dropped to 10°C below the ambient temperature. In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. 49 . The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. 50 . “Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.” says Ruan, an author of the study. “The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.” A．But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements. B．Developing the plant was a multi-year process involving a lot of testing of different colors. C．For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method. D．The radiative cooling paint could help cool down houses, cars and even the planet. E．Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool. F．Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials. 【答案】47．E 48．C 49．F 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国普渡大学研究人员开发的一种新型超白涂料，该涂料能反射95.5%的太阳光，使表面温度低于环境温度，有望用于建筑降温、降低空调能耗。 47．上文“It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler.(白色表面和物体反射更多光线，因此保持更凉爽，这是一个基本的物理事实)”提出白色表面反射光线的物理原理，E选项“Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool.(从理论上讲，这可以用来帮助建筑物保持凉爽)”承接上文，指出该原理可应用于建筑降温，其中“that”指代上文提到的物理事实；下文“After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities.(毕竟，空调是夏季最大的能源消耗者之一，研究表明将建筑物刷成白色可以为整个城市降温)”进一步解释建筑降温的意义和应用效果，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 48．上文“Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks.(多年来，人们已经开发出许多不同的辐射冷却涂料，使用玻璃、特氟龙或者最常见的二氧化钛来反射阳光，但它们都有各自的缺点)”指出现有涂料存在缺陷，C选项“For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method.(在这项新研究中，普渡大学的研究人员开发了一种新方法)”与上文构成转折，引出研究人员的新方案；下文“Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler.(他们没有使用二氧化钛，而是使用了碳酸钙填料，这种填料更丰富、更便宜，吸收的紫外线更少，因此能保持更凉爽)”具体说明新方法的内容，上下文逻辑一致。故选C项。 49．上文“In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness.(在另一组测试中，研究人员用新型涂料涂覆了图案的某些部分，而用相同厚度的普通白色涂料涂覆了其他部分)”描述了对比测试的设置，F选项“Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials.(使用特殊的相机，由于两种材料之间的温差，他们可以清晰地看到图案)”承接上文，说明测试中观察结果的方式——通过温差成像，其中“the pattern”与上文的“a pattern”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 50．上文“The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating.(研究团队表示，新型涂料不仅可以帮助建筑物降温，还可以防止室外电气系统过热)”介绍了涂料的潜在应用，A选项“But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements.(但为了确保它具有商业用途，研究人员下一步计划研究它在自然环境中的耐久性)”与上文构成转折，指出从实验室走向商业应用还需解决的问题；下文“Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.(我们的涂料与商业涂料的制造工艺兼容，成本可能相当甚至更低)和“The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.(关键是确保涂料的可靠性，使其能够用于长期的户外应用)”进一步说明涂料的商业化潜力和下一步研究重点，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Climate Anxiety Climate change is an issue that can feel worrying. As world leaders meet at COP30 to discuss climate change, there’s lots you can do to help with climate anxiety. There are often lots of stories about the environment and climate change in the news, from forest fires to rising temperatures and this can make you anxious.” It can feel frightening, uncertain and overwhelming, says author and therapist Eloise Skinner. She’s an expert in how people think, feel and behave. If you are feeling this way, you are not alone. A survey by the Save the Children charity found that 70% of young people they spoke to are worried about climate change. There are ways to help ease your worries. One of them is making sure you have all the correct information and accurate details about climate change. “Topics that feel overwhelming when we don’t have all the information can start to feel less scary when we educate ourselves on the issue,” says Skinner. It’s very important to make sure you’re getting your information from the right places, though. “For example, it might be good to read more about it in books or articles, rather than social media,” says Skinner. It’s important to remember that there are lots of people including children, working hard to tackle climate change and there is still hope. Author Ben Martynoga knows all about the environment. He wrote a book about the different and amazing ways nature helps the planet. He says, “We can definitely change what happens next. Climate change pushes us to live differently and that gives us a real chance to build something better: wilder cities, cleaner energy, and a world where nature and people both thrive. Skinner says that for some people, “It might feel better to take small practical actions in everyday life towards supporting the climate, rather than learning all the details.” to help make you feel better. So whether that’s litter picking in your area, using less plastic, planting flowers for bees, raising money for an environmental charity or walking to school instead of getting a lift in the car, there are lots of ways you can make a real difference to the planet. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Climate change significantly triggers anxiety, with a multitude of young people openly expressing their worry. To effectively alleviate concerns, obtain accurate information from highly reliable sources. Remember, hope still persists as many are striving to tackle it. Taking small daily practical actions can also truly make a meaningful difference and ease anxiety. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气候焦虑及其应对方法。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Climate change is an issue that can feel worrying, and news about it can cause anxiety, especially among young people. ②Easing worries can be achieved by getting correct information from reliable sources. ③It’s important to remember that many people are working hard to tackle climate change and there is still hope. ④Taking small practical actions in daily life can make a difference to the planet. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为引入，第2、3、4要点分别作为应对气候焦虑的三个方面进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Easing worries involves getting correct information, remembering hope exists, and taking small practical actions daily to make a difference. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Climate change significantly triggers anxiety, with a multitude of young people openly expressing their worry. 运用了with的复合结构，对原文第一、二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Remember, hope still persists as many are striving to tackle it. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四段进行了概括。其中as引导的原因状语从句，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．公安部门声称一定会将残忍的凶手绳之以法。(justice) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The public security department claimed that the cruel murderer would surely be brought to justice. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语。表示“公安部门”用the public security department，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“声称”用claim，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，后接that引导的宾语从句。从句中：表示“残忍的凶手”用the cruel murderer，作主语；描述过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，表示“将……绳之以法”用固定短语bring sb. to justice，与主语是被动关系，用过去将来时的被动语态，表示“一定”用副词surely，作状语。从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为The public security department claimed that the cruel murderer would surely be brought to justice. 53．强调经济型电动车的推广能有助于推广节能的理念。(emphasis) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Emphasis is laid on the fact that the promotion of economical electric vehicles can help promote the concept of energy conservation. 【详解】考查时态语态和从句。 “强调”中文中需用名词emphasis表达，常见短语lay emphasis on，此句使用被动语态is laid on，将“强调”这一动作对象提前，突出被强调的内容，故用Emphasis is laid on；“推广”名词形式为promotion，“经济型电动车”表达为economical electric vehicles ，所以整体是the promotion of economical electric vehicles；“有助于”可表达为help，其后接动词原形，“推广”用promote，即“help promote”；“节能”常用表达为energy conservation，“理念”即concept，所以是the concept of energy conservation。 综合起来，that the promotion of economical electric vehicles can help promote the concept of energy conservation是同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容。 故译为Emphasis is laid on the fact that the promotion of economical electric vehicles can help promote the concept of energy conservation. 54．他在处理紧急事件中过于优柔寡断，这直接导致了项目的延期。(indecisive) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was too indecisive in handling emergencies, which directly led to the delay of the project. 【详解】考查形容词和定语从句。主语“他”为he；表示“过于优柔寡断”为be too indecisive；表示“在处理紧急事件中”为in handling emergencies，动名词作宾语；“这直接导致了项目的延期”处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导；表示“直接导致”为directly lead to；表示“项目的延期”为the delay of the project。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为He was too indecisive in handling emergencies, which directly led to the delay of the project. 55．这个生物学家吹嘘说已经用基因编辑成功创造出了对艾滋免疫的婴儿，但是此工程注定会失败。(immune) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The biologist boasted that he had successfully created babies immune to AIDS through gene editing, but this project was doomed to fail. 【详解】考查宾语从句及动词不定式。表示“这个生物学家”用the biologist，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“吹嘘说”用boast，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式boasted，后接宾语从句。从句中：主语用he；表示“用基因编辑成功创造出了对艾滋免疫的婴儿”用successfully create babies immune to AIDS through gene editing，强调已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，谓语用had created，从句中不缺成分和意义，用连接词that引导。表示“但是”用but，连接前后两个句子。表示“此工程”用this project，作第二个句子的主语；表示“注定会”用be doomed to，主语为单数，be动词用was；表示“失败”用fail，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故翻译为The biologist boasted that he had successfully created babies immune to AIDS through gene editing, but this project was doomed to fail. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你最近收听一档英语播客（podcast），主持人在节目中谈到：“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”对此，你产生了思考，并决定给该播客主持人写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件内容须包括： （1）你是否赞成主持人的观点； （2）用一个具体事例来说明你的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Host, I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School. I recently listened to your podcast and I totally agree with your opinion that we should choose a challenging but interesting path instead of just seeking stability when facing important choices. Your words made me think a lot. My deskmate, Wang Hong, is a good example that can prove your view. She loved painting since she was a child, but her parents asked her to choose science because they thought it would give her a stable job. However, she followed her heart and chose art, which was more challenging for her. Now she is getting better and better at painting and feels very happy. I think what you said is very meaningful to us teenagers. Thank you for your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据播客内容“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”表达个人观点，并通过具体事例进行论证。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完全：totally → completely 观点：opinion → viewpoint 稳定：stability → steadiness 证明：prove → demonstrate 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：She loved painting since she was a child, but her parents asked her to choose science because they thought it would give her a stable job. 拓展句：Although she had loved painting ever since she was a child, her parents requested that she choose science, believing that it would lead to a stable job for her. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I recently listened to your podcast and I totally agree with your opinion that we should choose a challenging but interesting path instead of just seeking stability when facing important choices. (运用了that引导的同位语从句、when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】However, she followed her heart and chose art, which was more challenging for her. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $