Unit 5 测试卷 （常州专用）-【易考点-满分冲刺】2025-2026学年八年级下册 常州单元测 易错难点 考前特训 (译林版）

**基本信息** 以“礼仪与文化”为主题，整合语言知识与跨文化理解，构建从基础到应用的系统性训练，提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|10题|日常礼仪词汇语法辨析（如in case, be polite to do sth.）|基础语言知识与礼仪场景结合| |完形填空|10题|月亮文化传说语境填空|文化故事与词汇语境应用| |阅读理解|15题|跨文化主题阅读（问候方式、疼痛表达等）|文化差异认知与信息提取| |还原句子|4题|公共礼仪场景逻辑还原|礼仪规范与语篇连贯| |阅读回答问题|4题|意大利文化体验简答|文化实践与语言表达| |综合填空|10题|中西餐具与生活方式对比填空|文化习俗与语法结构| |书面表达|1题|文明礼仪应用写作|礼仪知识综合输出|

考前特训 2026年八年级下学期 第五单元测试卷（常州专用） 英 语 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 注意事项： 1.全卷满分90分。考试时间为100分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用05毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 一、单项选择（本题共10小题；每题1分，满分10分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．We should take an umbrella with us ________ it rains suddenly. A．instead of B．in case C．because of D．even though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该随身带把伞，以防突然下雨。 instead of代替，而不是；in case以防万一；because of因为；even though尽管，虽然。根据“We should take an umbrella with us”可知带伞是预防措施，空后“it rains suddenly”是完整句子。because of后接名词，语法不符；instead of表示代替关系，even though表示让步关系，逻辑不通；应用in case表示以防万一，引导目的状语从句。 2．—Is it OK to eat while walking on the street in your country?   —________. Most people think it’s not very polite. A．Yes, of course B．I hope so C．No, not really D．That depends 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在你们国家，在大街上走路时吃东西是有礼貌的吗？——不，其实不是。大多数人认为这是不礼貌的。 Yes, of course是的，当然；I hope so我希望如此；No, not really不，其实不是；That depends看情况而定。 根据“Most people think it’s not very polite（大多数人认为这是不礼貌的）”可知，此处应给出否定回答，应填No, not really。   3．Mr. Brown was too busy ________ our papers ________ this question. A．to mark; to answer B．to mark; answering C．marking; answering D．marking; to answer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：布朗先生太忙于批阅我们的试卷而不能回答这个问题。 第一空考查固定搭配be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，应用动名词marking，排除A和B；第二空考查固定搭配too... to...“太……而不能……”，应用动词不定式to answer。 4．When you ________ leave after a meal, remember to say “thank you” to the host. A．are about to B．are able to C．have to D．are sorry to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你饭后要离开时，记得对主人说“谢谢”。 are about to正要、即将；are able to能够；have to不得不；are sorry to抱歉。根据语境可知，此处指当你“即将”离开的时候，要记得道谢。 5．It is important to keep your mouth ______ when eating. And remember to eat quietly. A．close B．closing C．closely D．closed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吃饭时保持嘴巴闭着是很重要的。记得安静地吃。 close关闭（动词原形）；closing关闭（现在分词或动名词）；closely紧密地（副词）；closed关闭的（形容词）。keep + 宾语 + 形容词，意为“使……保持某种状态”，因此应用形容词 closed作宾语补足语，表示“嘴巴闭着的状态”。 6．If you have a big school project, don’t try to do it ______. It’s better to work on one small part at a time. A．on time B．all at once C．at times D．from time to time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你有一个大的学校项目，不要试图一下子完成它。最好一次只做一小部分。 on time准时；all at once一起；at times有时候；from time to time时不时。根据后句“It’s better to work on one small part at a time.”可知建议分步完成，因此前句意为不要试图同时或立刻做完。all at once符合“一下子”的语境逻辑，其他选项含义不符。 7．It is polite ________ the host and hostess for their kindness before you leave their home. A．thank B．thanked C．to thank D．thanking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在离开主人家之前，感谢男女主人的好意是有礼貌的。 固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，表示“做某事是……的”，应填to thank。 8．You’d better not play games or music ________ your phone without wearing earphones. A．at B．on C．in D．by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好不要在不戴耳机的情况下在手机上玩游戏或播放音乐。 at在（某处/某时刻）；on在……上；in在……里；by通过；在……旁。根据“play games or music ... your phone”可知，表示在电子设备上使用功能常用介词on，on your phone表示“在你的手机上”。 9．—It’s necessary to follow local customs when we go abroad. —Yes, as the saying goes “________.” A．No pain, no gain B．When in Rome, do as the Romans do C．Practice makes perfect D．Many hands make light work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我们出国时，遵循当地习俗是必要的。——是的，正如谚语所说“入乡随俗。” No pain, no gain不劳无获；When in Rome, do as the Romans do入乡随俗；Practice makes perfect熟能生巧；Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高。对话“It’s necessary to follow local customs when we go abroad.”强调出国要遵循当地习俗，选项中只有B项表达的含义与此语境一致。 10．—Do you know the differences ________ table manners between China and the UK? —Yes. British people often leave tips, but Chinese people don’t. A．on B．in C．at D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道中国和英国在餐桌礼仪方面的差异吗？——知道。英国人经常给小费，但中国人不给。 on在……上面；in在……里面，在……方面；at在……时刻/地点；for为了。the difference in...是固定搭配，意为“在……方面的差异”，此处指在餐桌礼仪方面的差异。 二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) Before electric lights were invented, people often relied on the moon as the main source of light at night. People in ancient times had to __ 11 __ much about the moon and created many beautiful stories. Maybe that’s why people everywhere noticed marks on the moon’s __ 12 __ and came up with stories to explain them. The story of the Moon Rabbit, for example, first __ 13 __ over two thousand years ago in ancient China. The rabbit lived with the moon goddess Chang’e and prepared __ 14 __ that gave people long life. In a Japanese tradition, a rabbit __ 15 __ offered itself to feed a hungry beggar. The beggar was actually the Old Man of the Moon. Touched by the rabbit’s kindness, he carried the good __ 16 __ back to the moon to live with him. An old German legend tells of a man who collected firewood on a Sunday instead of going to church. He was __ 17 __ by being sent to the moon. He is said to still be there, collecting wood every night and serving as a warning to others. There are also many __ 18 __ stories about the moon. In several Asian countries, children are told not to point at the moon, or their ears would be cut off by a moon spirit. This is because pointing at the moon is considered __ 19 __. A British belief held that the moon was made of silver. If you bowed to the new moon while turning over the silver coins in your pocket, you could __ 20 __ your money. For the same effect, you could stand under the full moon, open your wallet, and repeat the phrase “__ 21 __” nine times. Clearly, the moon has a main role in cultures everywhere. People always __ 22 __ the moon with good wishes and beautiful feelings in their hearts. What does the moon mean in your culture? 11．A．think B.forget C.refuse D.regret 12．A．surface B.center C.top D.bottom 13．A．made B.appeared C.lost D.died 14．A．food B.drinks C.clothing D.medicine 15．A．carefully B.luckily C.kindly D.angrily 16．A．tree B.beggar C.house D.animal 17．A．encouraged B.punished C.developed D.discovered 18．A．common B.strange C.dangerous D.popular 19．A．important B.impossible C.impolite D.comfortable 20．A．double B.lend C.make D.collect 21．A．give it in B.find it out C.clean it up D.fill it up 22．A．mix B.connect C.compare D.fight 【答案】 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．D 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．D 22．B 【完整解析】 11．句意：古人常常思索月亮，创作了许多优美的故事。 think 思考；forget 忘记；refuse 拒绝；regret 后悔。由创作月亮故事可知古人常会思考月亮，选 A。 12．句意：或许这就是世界各地的人们注意到月球表面痕迹，并编造故事来解释它们的原因。 surface 表面；center 中心；top 顶部；bottom 底部。人们只能看到月球表面的斑纹，选 A。 13．句意：月兔的故事最早出现在两千多年前的中国古代。 made 制作；appeared 出现；lost 丢失；died 逝去。故事流传问世用 appear，选 B。 14．句意：兔子和嫦娥住在一起，炼制能让人长生不老的灵药。 food 食物；drinks 饮品；clothing 衣物；medicine 药。长生不老对应的是灵药，选 D。 15．句意：在日本传说中，一只善良的兔子舍身喂食饥饿的乞丐。 carefully 小心地；luckily 幸运地；kindly 善良地；angrily 生气地。后文提到兔子的善良，选 C。 16．句意：老人被兔子的善心打动，把这只善良的动物带回月宫相伴。 tree 树木；beggar 乞丐；house 房屋；animal 动物。兔子属于动物，选 D。 17．句意：他受到惩罚，被送到了月亮上。 encouraged 鼓励；punished 惩罚；developed 发展；discovered 发现。周日不去礼拜受惩戒，选 B。 18．句意：还有许多关于月亮的奇异传说。 common 普通的；strange 怪异奇异的；dangerous 危险的；popular 流行的。指指着月亮会被割耳朵这类离奇故事，选 B。 19．句意：因为指着月亮被认为是不礼貌、不敬的行为。 important 重要的；impossible 不可能的；impolite 不礼貌的；comfortable 舒适的。会受惩罚说明举止失礼，选 C。 20．句意：对着新月行礼、转动银币，就能让钱财翻倍。 double 翻倍；lend 借出；make 赚取；collect 收集。契合招财变多的寓意，选 A。 21．句意：站在满月下、打开钱包，重复 “填满它” 九次也有同样效果。 give it in 屈服；find it out 查明；clean it up 清理；fill it up 填满。对应招财充盈钱包，选 D。 22．句意：人们总把月亮和美好心愿、温柔情愫联系在一起。 mix 混合；connect 联系；compare 对比；fight 争斗。connect…with… 固定搭配：把…… 与…… 关联，选 B。 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A Greeting is a useful way to communicate with others. People in different places have different greeting manners. Here are some interesting ones. Cheek (脸颊) kisses are common in so many countries across the world. In France, the number of kisses is from once to four times from city to village. But twice is by far the most common. In Spain, Brazil, Germany, Italy and other countries, people also greet each other by kissing cheeks. In Tibet, people usually greet each other by sticking out their tongues (舌头). The greeting tradition began from monks (和尚), who would stick out their tongues to show that they came in peace. Clapping (拍) hands is the way to greet each other in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In Zimbabwe, people clap hands as part of a hello. The first person claps once, and the second person twice in response (作为回应). Touching noses is popular in Qatar, Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. When people meet, they usually greet by touching their noses. 23．What can we know from the text? A．In Spain people greet each other by kissing cheeks. B．People in Mozambique greet each other by shaking heads. C．People in Qatar also greet by kissing. D．The greeting tradition in Tibet comes from doctors. 24．How do people greet each other in Yemen? A． B． C． D． 25．What is the text mainly about? A．Some different ways to greet each other. B．The importance of greeting each other correctly. C．Interesting ways to show people’s feelings. D．The right ways to welcome others in Europe. 【答案】23．A 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些不同地方的问候方式。 23．根据表格第一部分的最后一句“In Spain, Brazil, Germany, Italy and other countries, people also greet each other by kissing cheeks.”可知，在西班牙用亲吻脸颊的方式问候彼此。 24．根据表格第四部分首句“Touching noses is popular in Qatar, Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates.”可知，在也门，人们用碰鼻子的方式问候彼此。 25．根据第一段中“People in different places have different greeting manners. Here are some interesting ones.”可知，本文主要介绍了一些不同的问候方式。 B ①One boy is running in the park. Suddenly, he falls and hurts himself. “Ow!” he shouts. Shouting sounds of pain (疼痛) are different in different countries. “Ow” or “ouch” are heard in English. South Africans cry “eina”. Italians shout “ahia” and Chinese shout “aiyo”. But why will we shout when we get hurt? ②Scientists from the National University of Singapore now believe they find the answer. The scientists tested how long volunteers could put their hands in very cold water. ③On the first day, volunteers were allowed (被允许) to shout “ow” when they felt the pain. On the second day, they had to keep quiet. Scientists tested these volunteers three times. The results showed that volunteers were able to keep their hands in the cold water for a longer time when they were allowed to shout out. ④“We find that when we shout a simple sound such as saying ‘ow’, we just need to open our mouths simply and the tongues (舌头) lie flat (平坦的). It’s a simple sound that needs little control” one of the scientists said. ⑤He added, “We will cry out when we get hurt, because the simple sound helps us to feel less painful. The shouting sound interferes (干涉) with pain messages traveling to the brain. So by shouting it out, it distracts (使分心) us from the feeling of pain.” ⑥Now we know the answer. So boys and girls, if you are not careful enough to hurt yourselves when you are doing sports, don’t be shy to shout “aiyo”. 26．Who will shout “ahia” when they feel the pain? A．Englishmen. B．South Africans. C．Italians. D．Chinese. 27．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Different countries have different shouting sounds for pain. B．How scientists tested volunteers. C．Why people shout when they get hurt. D．The importance of shouting when doing sports. 28．Why can shouting make us feel less pain according to the scientists? A．Because shouting can make us stronger. B．Because shouting sounds are very loud. C．Because shouting can change our mood. D．Because shouting interferes with pain messages to the brain. 29．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】26．C 27．C 28．D 29．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍不同国家表达疼痛的喊声不同，并通过新加坡科学家的实验解释人受伤时喊叫的原因——干扰疼痛信号传递，减轻痛感。 26．第一段提到：“Italians shout ‘ahia’”，意大利人在感到疼痛时喊“ahia”。 27．本文介绍不同国家表达疼痛的喊声不同，并通过新加坡科学家的实验解释人受伤时喊叫的原因，主旨是“人受伤时为何喊叫”。 28．第五段明确指出：“shouting sound interferes with pain messages traveling to the brain”，喊叫干扰疼痛信号到大脑。 29．文章第一段引出主题“为什么我们在受伤时会大喊”；第二、三、四、五段从科学家做的测试结果来解释其原因，其中第二段指出科学家做的测试，第三段介绍测试的方法，第四、五段介绍通过测试得出的结论；第六段是进行总结。因此A符合文章结构。 C Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, replied to a user who asked, “How much money has OpenAI lost in electricity costs from people saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to their models?”: “Tens of millions of dollars spent—you never know.” Therefore, politeness costs nothing, except when you’re using an AI chatbot. Large language models like ChatGPT require huge processing power to be developed or trained and large, power hungry data centres to operate them. All this takes energy and other resources like water. A single query (提问) to ChatGPT uses between 0.6 and 1.5 watt hours of electricity (the same as keeping an LED light on for 4 to 13 minutes). This compares with a single search using 0.2 watt-hours of electricity in some web search engines. Using the chatbot for between 10 and 50 queries requires about two litres of water, according to experts from University of California, Riverside. There are officially 500 million regular users of the chatbot, and Altman recently suggested the real figure could be closer to a billion people. Politeness can, however, give you better results from AI chatbots, a recent paper from Waseda University concluded. It is also found that being rude increased the chances of incorrect answers, or refusal to answer. A post on the Microsoft website described the AI models as “a giant prediction machine”. So when it clocks politeness, it’s probably polite back. Henry Shevlin, associate director of the Leverhulme Centre, said it was important to have some perspectives (视角) on the environmental issue. “AI training runs do have a significant environmental input (投入), but individual queries are completely insignificant,” he said. A forthcoming article he coauthored found that a single fast food restaurant had a water footprint four times that of the training for an AI model. 30．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting someone’s words. 31．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．LED lights are environmentally friendly. B．Searching websites needs more energy than ChatGPT. C．Heavy use of ChatGPT requires a large amount of water. D．Water is used to measure (衡量) the processing power of AI chatbot. 32．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The disadvantages of AI chatbots. B．The working principle of AI chatbots. C．The results of talking with AI chatbots. D．The influence of politeness on AI chatbots. 33．What is Henry Shevlin’s attitude towards the environmental influence of AI? A．Worried. B．Fair. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. 【答案】30．D 31．C 32．D 33．B 【导语】本文围绕AI聊天机器人的能耗、礼貌对AI回复的影响，以及相关人士对AI环境影响的看法展开讨论。 30．文章开头引用了ChatGPT CEO Sam Altman回复用户的话来引出主题，是通过“引用他人言论”的方式引入的。 31．第2段提到“Using the chatbot for between 10 and 50 queries requires about two litres of water...the real figure could be closer to a billion people”，可知大量使用ChatGPT需要消耗大量水。 32．第3段提到“Politeness can...give you better results from AI chatbots... being rude increased the chances of incorrect answers”，核心是“礼貌对AI聊天机器人的影响”。 33．Henry Shevlin既指出“AI训练确实有环境投入”，也说明“个人查询的影响微不足道”，还通过快餐行业的例子对比，体现了“客观公正”的态度。 D So, it’s exam time again. Have you done enough work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow doesn’t work. The best way is to space your practice out, rather than cram (塞满) it all together. Just as a scientist called Tom Stafford advises, if you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day. Don’t depend on memory alone. Get pens and paper, and start working! Students who can test themselves earlier will be better at retrieving (检索) the knowledge from the memory and keeping it in the long run. John Dunlosky suggests that “you start by reading a textbook with your favourite pens and colours, and then write down the important ideas on small cards. While doing so you actually try to test yourselves on them.” Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still worried, it’s not harmful to follow some special customs. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a bowl of rice with egg and pork pieces. The name of the dish reminds people of the word “katsu”, meaning “winning”. For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before an exam, because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their heads. And in different countries there are always those who swear by (信赖) their “lucky underwear”. The bottom line is that you need to study, eat a good meal, sleep well on the eve of the test, and believe in your “lucky underwear”. Good luck in your exam! 34．When you “space your practice out”, you ________. A．study for at least 5 hours on one day B．sleep with your textbook under the pillow C．organize 5 hours of study into one hour a day D．take your textbook out from the pillow 35．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．The word “Katsudon” sounds similar to “winning” in South Korea. B．In some countries, washing hair brings bad luck after having exams. C．Some people might wear special underwear when there is a test. D．Students in Japan will eat noodles with egg and pork pieces before a test. 36．The writer organizes this passage by ________. A．giving opinions and then explaining them with examples B．listing problems and then giving solutions one by one C．showing different opinions and then comparing them D．telling stories and then sharing the writer’s feelings 【答案】34．C 35．C 36．A 【导语】本文围绕“如何高效备考”展开，为学生提供了科学的复习方法与有趣的备考文化习俗。 34．第一段“The best way is to space your practice out, rather than cram it all together. Just as a scientist called Tom Stafford advises, if you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”，说明要将5小时的学习量拆分为每天1小时。 35．第三段最后一句“And in different countries there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.”，说明有些国家的人会信赖“幸运内衣”。 36．文章的结构逻辑是：提出观点1：分散练习比临时抱佛脚更有效→用科学家Tom Stafford的建议举例说明；提出观点2：不要只依赖记忆，要主动自测→用John Dunlosky的方法举例说明；提出观点3：有些特殊习俗能缓解焦虑→用日本、韩国、其他国家的考前习俗举例说明。整体是“先给出观点，再用例子解释”的结构。 四、还原句子(共4小题;每小题1.5分，满分6分) Since everyone likes to be around people with good manners, one can never learn too much about manners. Here are some rules that may help you become a politer person. In public, it is kind to hold the door open for others, especially when you see someone with arms full or who might have difficulty getting in. Never allow a door to shut heavily on anyone following you. But avoid holding a door open when someone is a bit far away. 37 Be kind to people who work for you, such as waiters, shopkeepers and postmen. It is kind to smile and say “Thank you” to them when they are easily forgotten by most people. They work hard so that we can enjoy our lives. 38 Take off your headphones（耳机） before you speak to someone. At the end of a phone call with people older than you, it’s proper to make sure they end the phone call first. 39 Loud noise is always unwelcome and may even cause fight. 40 Hear them out before expressing your own opinion. Allow them to voice their opinions, even when you don’t agree with them. Use your communication skills instead of raising your voice to express yourself. A．Don’t cut in on people when they talk. B．This might cause them to hurry up for the door. C．It’s important to let them know their work is seen by us. D．Always remember to use words instead of fight to work out problems. E．It’s wise to get to the meeting room 15 minutes before the meeting starts. F．When in public, don’t play music or watch videos loudly on your mobile phones. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．F 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文介绍了4种让你成为一个更有礼貌的人的方法。 37．根据上一句“But avoid holding a door open when someone is a bit far away.”可知避免当那个人还在很远的地方就把门打开，说明这样做会有不好的结果。选项B“这可能会让他们因为门开着赶紧赶过来。”符合题意。故选B。 38．根据上一句“They work hard so that we can enjoy our lives”可知这些人认真工作，这样我们才能享受生活，说明我们要让他们的工作得到认可。选项C“让他们知道他们的工作被你看见是非常重要的。”符合题意。故选C。 39．根据下一句“Loud noise is always unwelcome and may even cause fight.”可知大声嘈杂问题不受欢迎的，甚至可能会引发争斗，说明在公众场合，要注意控制音量。选项F“当在公众场所的时候，不要在你的手机上播放音乐或者很大声地观看视频。”符合题意。故选F。 40．根据下一句“Hear them out before expressing your own opinion.”可知在表达你自己的看法前先听听他们说什么，说明要注意不要随意打断别人的话。选项A“当人们说话的时候，不要随意插话。”符合题意。故选A。 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共4小题；前3小题每题2分，第4小题3分；满分9分） Last year, I went to a summer camp in Italy. Before going, I was worried about the customs—I didn’t want to make mistakes. So I asked my Italian teacher for advice. She told me that Italians are friendly, but there are some things to remember. For example, it’s polite to kiss on both cheeks when meeting friends, but not for strangers. Also, you shouldn’t ask personal questions like “How much money do you make?” During the camp, I stayed with a host family. The first day, the mother cooked pasta for me. I wanted to say it was delicious, so I said “Buonissimo!”（Very good）. She smiled and gave me more food. One evening, we went to a restaurant. I noticed that people didn’t rush to eat—they talked and laughed for hours. I learned that Italians enjoy taking time to eat with family. I also found that Italians love their culture. They are proud of their food, art, and history. When I asked about famous paintings, the father talked for a long time and even took me to a local museum. By the end of the camp, I had made many friends. I learned that as long as you are respectful and open minded, you can get along with people from any culture. 41．What was the writer worried about before going to Italy? 42．Who did the writer ask for advice? 43．What are Italians proud of? 44．What do you learn from the writer’s experience? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】41．The customs in Italy. 42．The writer’s Italian teacher. 43．Their food, art, and history. 44．I can get along well with people from any culture and make friends with them as long as I am respectful and open-minded, because people are proud of their culture. 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者意大利夏令营的游记。 41．根据“Before going, I was worried about the customs—I didn’t want to make mistakes.”可知，去意大利之前，作者很担心文化习俗的不同。故填The customs in Italy. 42．根据“So I asked my Italian teacher for advice.”可知，作者找其意大利的老师帮忙。故填The writer’s Italian teacher. 43．根据“I also found that Italians love their culture. They are proud of their food, art, and history.”可知，意大利人热爱他们的文化，他们因他们的食物、艺术和历史感到自豪。故填Their food, art, and history. 44．根据“By the end of the camp, I had made many friends. I learned that as long as you are respectful and open minded, you can get along with people from any culture.”可知，作者从本次经历交到了许多朋友和学会跟不同文化背景的人们和平相处等。故填I can get along well with people from any culture and make friends with them as long as I am respectful and open-minded, because people are proud of their culture. 六、综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks while the Chinese use chopsticks. Since at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks 45 (be) the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks 46 (pick) up the food. Later on, they 47 (develop) the habit of using chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be divided into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In modern family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks 48 they are good for the environment and cost a little. Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a 49 (different) in lifestyle. For example,the use of knives and forks makes it 50 (easily) for people to eat individually(分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals together. As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of 51 (not depend) on others after they grow 52 adults. The way that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Now, 53 increasing number of foreign students in China 54 (learn) about how to use chopsticks. In fact, whether it is chopsticks or forks and knives, they are both the crystallization of human wisdom. 【答案】 45．have been 46．to pick 47．developed 48．because 49．difference 50．easy 51．not depending 52．into 53．an 54．are learning 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国人用筷子吃饭的由来，并和西方人进行对比，无论是筷子还是刀叉，它们都是人类智慧的结晶。 45．句意：至少从3000年前开始，筷子就是中国人吃饭的工具。根据时间状语“since at least 3,000 years ago”可知，此句用现在完成时，其构成是have/has+过去分词，主语chopsticks是复数，助动词用have，be的过去分词是been，故填have been。 46．句意：他们用树枝或竹竿来夹食物。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，故填to pick。 47．句意：后来，他们养成了用筷子的习惯。根据“Later on”可知，此句用一般过去时，develop的过去式是developed，故填developed。 48．句意：在现代家庭生活中，人们更喜欢使用竹木筷子，因为它们对环境有益，而且价格便宜。“they are good for the environment and cost a little”是“people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks”的原因，所以用连词because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 49．句意：使用刀叉或筷子会引起生活方式的不同。a是不定冠词，后面接可数名词单数，different是形容词，其名词形式是difference，故填difference。 50．句意：例如，刀叉的使用让人们更容易单独吃饭。“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth.，所以这里要用形容词，easily是副词，其形容词形式是easy，故填easy。 51．句意：由于西方人更喜欢单独吃饭，他们长大后不依赖他人的观念和习惯。of是介词，后面接动词的-ing形式，“not depend”的-ing形式是“not depending”，故填not depending。 52．句意：由于西方人更喜欢单独吃饭，他们长大后不依赖他人的观念和习惯。grow into表示“长成”，故填into。 53．句意：中国人用筷子围着桌子一起吃饭的方式和中国的家庭生活方式有关系。“an increasing number of”表示“越来越多的”，故填an。 54．句意：现在，越来越多的中国留学生学会了如何使用筷子。根据Now可知，该句时态是现在进行时，结构是“be+现在分词”，主语“an increasing number of foreign students”是复数，所以用are，learn的现在分词是learning，故填are learning。 七、书面表达(共1题;满分15分) 55．青春有礼，阳光同行。学校将举办“青春仪式”主题活动，倡议青少年践行文明礼仪、传递温暖力量。请以“用礼貌与善意点亮青春”为题，写一篇英语短文。 要求：     (1)描述践行礼仪和传递温暖的具体做法，至少各3点；语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清晰。 (2)词数90左右；文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 (3)文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称等信息。 Light Up Youth with Good Manners and Kindness Youth is a time not only to improve our knowledge and abilities, but to grow with good manners and kindness. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remember: every small effort counts. Let’s light up youth with our actions and make the world a better place for everyone. 【答案】 范文： Light Up Youth with Good Manners and Kindness Youth is a time not only to improve our knowledge and abilities, but to grow with good manners and kindness. To practice good manners, we can start with small daily actions. First, always say “please”, “thank you” and “sorry” when needed. Second, wait in line and never push others. Third, respect the elderly by offering them seats on the bus. To spread kindness, we can help classmates with their studies, comfort sad friends with warm words, and take part in volunteer work like cleaning the park or visiting old people’s homes. These actions make our school warmer and our society better. Let’s fill every day with polite words and caring hearts. Remember: every small effort counts. Let’s light up youth with our actions and make the world a better place for everyone. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文/倡议类文章，以一般现在时和祈使句为主 明确要点：践行礼仪的具体做法（至少3点）、传递温暖的具体做法（至少3点）、行动的意义 确定人称：第一人称复数（we）和第二人称（you）为主 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，需涵盖所有要点 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，引出青春与礼仪善意的主题 主体段一：列举践行礼仪的具体做法（至少3点） 主体段二：列举传递温暖的具体做法（至少3点） 结尾段：总结行动意义，呼应开头 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：践行礼仪的做法 礼貌用语：say “please”, “thank you” and “sorry” when needed/use polite words等 排队守序：wait in line/never push others/be patient等 尊重长辈：respect the elderly/offer them seats on the bus/help them cross the road等 其他礼仪：keep quiet in public/cover mouth when coughing等 要点二：传递温暖的做法 帮助同学：help classmates with their studies/share notes/explain problems等 安慰朋友：comfort sad friends with warm words/listen to them/give hugs等 志愿服务：take part in volunteer work/clean the park/visit old people’s homes/help the homeless等 其他善意：smile to others/say hello first/give compliments等 要点三：行动意义 学校意义：make our school warmer/build a friendly environment等 社会意义：make society better/create a harmonious world等 个人成长：fill every day with polite words and caring hearts/become better persons等 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 2026年八年级下学期 第五单元测试卷（常州专用） 英 语 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 注意事项： 1.全卷满分90分。考试时间为100分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用05毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 一、单项选择（本题共10小题；每题1分，满分10分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．We should take an umbrella with us ________ it rains suddenly. A．instead of B．in case C．because of D．even though 2．—Is it OK to eat while walking on the street in your country?   —________. Most people think it’s not very polite. A．Yes, of course B．I hope so C．No, not really D．That depends 3．Mr. Brown was too busy ________ our papers ________ this question. A．to mark; to answer B．to mark; answering C．marking; answering D．marking; to answer 4．When you ________ leave after a meal, remember to say “thank you” to the host. A．are about to B．are able to C．have to D．are sorry to 5．It is important to keep your mouth ______ when eating. And remember to eat quietly. A．close B．closing C．closely D．closed 6．If you have a big school project, don’t try to do it ______. It’s better to work on one small part at a time. A．on time B．all at once C．at times D．from time to time 7．It is polite ________ the host and hostess for their kindness before you leave their home. A．thank B．thanked C．to thank D．thanking 8．You’d better not play games or music ________ your phone without wearing earphones. A．at B．on C．in D．by 9．—It’s necessary to follow local customs when we go abroad. —Yes, as the saying goes “________.” A．No pain, no gain B．When in Rome, do as the Romans do C．Practice makes perfect D．Many hands make light work 10．—Do you know the differences ________ table manners between China and the UK? —Yes. British people often leave tips, but Chinese people don’t. A．on B．in C．at D．for 二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) Before electric lights were invented, people often relied on the moon as the main source of light at night. People in ancient times had to __ 11 __ much about the moon and created many beautiful stories. Maybe that’s why people everywhere noticed marks on the moon’s __ 12 __ and came up with stories to explain them. The story of the Moon Rabbit, for example, first __ 13 __ over two thousand years ago in ancient China. The rabbit lived with the moon goddess Chang’e and prepared __ 14 __ that gave people long life. In a Japanese tradition, a rabbit __ 15 __ offered itself to feed a hungry beggar. The beggar was actually the Old Man of the Moon. Touched by the rabbit’s kindness, he carried the good __ 16 __ back to the moon to live with him. An old German legend tells of a man who collected firewood on a Sunday instead of going to church. He was __ 17 __ by being sent to the moon. He is said to still be there, collecting wood every night and serving as a warning to others. There are also many __ 18 __ stories about the moon. In several Asian countries, children are told not to point at the moon, or their ears would be cut off by a moon spirit. This is because pointing at the moon is considered __ 19 __. A British belief held that the moon was made of silver. If you bowed to the new moon while turning over the silver coins in your pocket, you could __ 20 __ your money. For the same effect, you could stand under the full moon, open your wallet, and repeat the phrase “__ 21 __” nine times. Clearly, the moon has a main role in cultures everywhere. People always __ 22 __ the moon with good wishes and beautiful feelings in their hearts. What does the moon mean in your culture? 11．A．think B.forget C.refuse D.regret 12．A．surface B.center C.top D.bottom 13．A．made B.appeared C.lost D.died 14．A．food B.drinks C.clothing D.medicine 15．A．carefully B.luckily C.kindly D.angrily 16．A．tree B.beggar C.house D.animal 17．A．encouraged B.punished C.developed D.discovered 18．A．common B.strange C.dangerous D.popular 19．A．important B.impossible C.impolite D.comfortable 20．A．double B.lend C.make D.collect 21．A．give it in B.find it out C.clean it up D.fill it up 22．A．mix B.connect C.compare D.fight 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A Greeting is a useful way to communicate with others. People in different places have different greeting manners. Here are some interesting ones. Cheek (脸颊) kisses are common in so many countries across the world. In France, the number of kisses is from once to four times from city to village. But twice is by far the most common. In Spain, Brazil, Germany, Italy and other countries, people also greet each other by kissing cheeks. In Tibet, people usually greet each other by sticking out their tongues (舌头). The greeting tradition began from monks (和尚), who would stick out their tongues to show that they came in peace. Clapping (拍) hands is the way to greet each other in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In Zimbabwe, people clap hands as part of a hello. The first person claps once, and the second person twice in response (作为回应). Touching noses is popular in Qatar, Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. When people meet, they usually greet by touching their noses. 23．What can we know from the text? A．In Spain people greet each other by kissing cheeks. B．People in Mozambique greet each other by shaking heads. C．People in Qatar also greet by kissing. D．The greeting tradition in Tibet comes from doctors. 24．How do people greet each other in Yemen? A． B． C． D． 25．What is the text mainly about? A．Some different ways to greet each other. B．The importance of greeting each other correctly. C．Interesting ways to show people’s feelings. D．The right ways to welcome others in Europe. B ①One boy is running in the park. Suddenly, he falls and hurts himself. “Ow!” he shouts. Shouting sounds of pain (疼痛) are different in different countries. “Ow” or “ouch” are heard in English. South Africans cry “eina”. Italians shout “ahia” and Chinese shout “aiyo”. But why will we shout when we get hurt? ②Scientists from the National University of Singapore now believe they find the answer. The scientists tested how long volunteers could put their hands in very cold water. ③On the first day, volunteers were allowed (被允许) to shout “ow” when they felt the pain. On the second day, they had to keep quiet. Scientists tested these volunteers three times. The results showed that volunteers were able to keep their hands in the cold water for a longer time when they were allowed to shout out. ④“We find that when we shout a simple sound such as saying ‘ow’, we just need to open our mouths simply and the tongues (舌头) lie flat (平坦的). It’s a simple sound that needs little control” one of the scientists said. ⑤He added, “We will cry out when we get hurt, because the simple sound helps us to feel less painful. The shouting sound interferes (干涉) with pain messages traveling to the brain. So by shouting it out, it distracts (使分心) us from the feeling of pain.” ⑥Now we know the answer. So boys and girls, if you are not careful enough to hurt yourselves when you are doing sports, don’t be shy to shout “aiyo”. 26．Who will shout “ahia” when they feel the pain? A．Englishmen. B．South Africans. C．Italians. D．Chinese. 27．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Different countries have different shouting sounds for pain. B．How scientists tested volunteers. C．Why people shout when they get hurt. D．The importance of shouting when doing sports. 28．Why can shouting make us feel less pain according to the scientists? A．Because shouting can make us stronger. B．Because shouting sounds are very loud. C．Because shouting can change our mood. D．Because shouting interferes with pain messages to the brain. 29．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． C Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, replied to a user who asked, “How much money has OpenAI lost in electricity costs from people saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to their models?”: “Tens of millions of dollars spent—you never know.” Therefore, politeness costs nothing, except when you’re using an AI chatbot. Large language models like ChatGPT require huge processing power to be developed or trained and large, power hungry data centres to operate them. All this takes energy and other resources like water. A single query (提问) to ChatGPT uses between 0.6 and 1.5 watt hours of electricity (the same as keeping an LED light on for 4 to 13 minutes). This compares with a single search using 0.2 watt-hours of electricity in some web search engines. Using the chatbot for between 10 and 50 queries requires about two litres of water, according to experts from University of California, Riverside. There are officially 500 million regular users of the chatbot, and Altman recently suggested the real figure could be closer to a billion people. Politeness can, however, give you better results from AI chatbots, a recent paper from Waseda University concluded. It is also found that being rude increased the chances of incorrect answers, or refusal to answer. A post on the Microsoft website described the AI models as “a giant prediction machine”. So when it clocks politeness, it’s probably polite back. Henry Shevlin, associate director of the Leverhulme Centre, said it was important to have some perspectives (视角) on the environmental issue. “AI training runs do have a significant environmental input (投入), but individual queries are completely insignificant,” he said. A forthcoming article he coauthored found that a single fast food restaurant had a water footprint four times that of the training for an AI model. 30．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting someone’s words. 31．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．LED lights are environmentally friendly. B．Searching websites needs more energy than ChatGPT. C．Heavy use of ChatGPT requires a large amount of water. D．Water is used to measure (衡量) the processing power of AI chatbot. 32．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The disadvantages of AI chatbots. B．The working principle of AI chatbots. C．The results of talking with AI chatbots. D．The influence of politeness on AI chatbots. 33．What is Henry Shevlin’s attitude towards the environmental influence of AI? A．Worried. B．Fair. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. D So, it’s exam time again. Have you done enough work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow doesn’t work. The best way is to space your practice out, rather than cram (塞满) it all together. Just as a scientist called Tom Stafford advises, if you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day. Don’t depend on memory alone. Get pens and paper, and start working! Students who can test themselves earlier will be better at retrieving (检索) the knowledge from the memory and keeping it in the long run. John Dunlosky suggests that “you start by reading a textbook with your favourite pens and colours, and then write down the important ideas on small cards. While doing so you actually try to test yourselves on them.” Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still worried, it’s not harmful to follow some special customs. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a bowl of rice with egg and pork pieces. The name of the dish reminds people of the word “katsu”, meaning “winning”. For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before an exam, because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their heads. And in different countries there are always those who swear by (信赖) their “lucky underwear”. The bottom line is that you need to study, eat a good meal, sleep well on the eve of the test, and believe in your “lucky underwear”. Good luck in your exam! 34．When you “space your practice out”, you ________. A．study for at least 5 hours on one day B．sleep with your textbook under the pillow C．organize 5 hours of study into one hour a day D．take your textbook out from the pillow 35．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．The word “Katsudon” sounds similar to “winning” in South Korea. B．In some countries, washing hair brings bad luck after having exams. C．Some people might wear special underwear when there is a test. D．Students in Japan will eat noodles with egg and pork pieces before a test. 36．The writer organizes this passage by ________. A．giving opinions and then explaining them with examples B．listing problems and then giving solutions one by one C．showing different opinions and then comparing them D．telling stories and then sharing the writer’s feelings 四、还原句子(共4小题;每小题1.5分，满分6分) Since everyone likes to be around people with good manners, one can never learn too much about manners. Here are some rules that may help you become a politer person. In public, it is kind to hold the door open for others, especially when you see someone with arms full or who might have difficulty getting in. Never allow a door to shut heavily on anyone following you. But avoid holding a door open when someone is a bit far away. 37 Be kind to people who work for you, such as waiters, shopkeepers and postmen. It is kind to smile and say “Thank you” to them when they are easily forgotten by most people. They work hard so that we can enjoy our lives. 38 Take off your headphones（耳机） before you speak to someone. At the end of a phone call with people older than you, it’s proper to make sure they end the phone call first. 39 Loud noise is always unwelcome and may even cause fight. 40 Hear them out before expressing your own opinion. Allow them to voice their opinions, even when you don’t agree with them. Use your communication skills instead of raising your voice to express yourself. A．Don’t cut in on people when they talk. B．This might cause them to hurry up for the door. C．It’s important to let them know their work is seen by us. D．Always remember to use words instead of fight to work out problems. E．It’s wise to get to the meeting room 15 minutes before the meeting starts. F．When in public, don’t play music or watch videos loudly on your mobile phones. 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共4小题；前3小题每题2分，第4小题3分；满分9分） Last year, I went to a summer camp in Italy. Before going, I was worried about the customs—I didn’t want to make mistakes. So I asked my Italian teacher for advice. She told me that Italians are friendly, but there are some things to remember. For example, it’s polite to kiss on both cheeks when meeting friends, but not for strangers. Also, you shouldn’t ask personal questions like “How much money do you make?” During the camp, I stayed with a host family. The first day, the mother cooked pasta for me. I wanted to say it was delicious, so I said “Buonissimo!”（Very good）. She smiled and gave me more food. One evening, we went to a restaurant. I noticed that people didn’t rush to eat—they talked and laughed for hours. I learned that Italians enjoy taking time to eat with family. I also found that Italians love their culture. They are proud of their food, art, and history. When I asked about famous paintings, the father talked for a long time and even took me to a local museum. By the end of the camp, I had made many friends. I learned that as long as you are respectful and open minded, you can get along with people from any culture. 41．What was the writer worried about before going to Italy? 42．Who did the writer ask for advice? 43．What are Italians proud of? 44．What do you learn from the writer’s experience? Write 30 words or more. 六、综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks while the Chinese use chopsticks. Since at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks 45 (be) the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks 46 (pick) up the food. Later on, they 47 (develop) the habit of using chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be divided into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In modern family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks 48 they are good for the environment and cost a little. Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a 49 (different) in lifestyle. For example,the use of knives and forks makes it 50 (easily) for people to eat individually(分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals together. As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of 51 (not depend) on others after they grow 52 adults. The way that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Now, 53 increasing number of foreign students in China 54 (learn) about how to use chopsticks. In fact, whether it is chopsticks or forks and knives, they are both the crystallization of human wisdom. 七、书面表达(共1题;满分15分) 55．青春有礼，阳光同行。学校将举办“青春仪式”主题活动，倡议青少年践行文明礼仪、传递温暖力量。请以“用礼貌与善意点亮青春”为题，写一篇英语短文。 要求：     (1)描述践行礼仪和传递温暖的具体做法，至少各3点；语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清晰。 (2)词数90左右；文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 (3)文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称等信息。 Light Up Youth with Good Manners and Kindness Youth is a time not only to improve our knowledge and abilities, but to grow with good manners and kindness. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remember: every small effort counts. Let’s light up youth with our actions and make the world a better place for everyone. 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $