Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1、 根据汉语提示单词拼写 1.An active volcano may 　　　　　　(爆发) at any time without warning. 2.Chinese medical units were operating in the 　　　　　　(灾难)areas in Africa for the rescue. 3.There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000-　　　　　　(多,余) customers. 4.When he received the letter saying that his mother was seriously ill,he set out on the return journey 　　　　　　　　 (立刻). 5.Many buildings were destroyed by a 　　　　　　(飓风) last week. 6.We immediately come to the rescue if any problems 　　　　　　　　(发生) in our daily life. 7.Anderson made the 　　　　　　　(通告) at the conference that the company would close the next week. 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1.Messi’s talents stand out in 　　　　　　　(compare)with other football players. 2.Suddenly a good idea 　　　　　　　(occur) to me,but I couldn’t find any paper to write on. 3.Seeing the snake winding around the branch,I felt a bit 　　　　　　(scary) and ran away. 4.People speak highly of the boy’s bravery and calmness in 　　　　　　face of such an emergency. 5.An earthquake,which may cause great damage,is one of the most common natural 　　　　　　(disaster). 6.You really shouldn’t have reacted 　　 　　his comment on your work so violently. all ,he meant no harm to you. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.这不能怪他，毕竟他第一次做这件事。 He is not to blame.____________ ___________, it is the first time that he has done it. 2.期待所有的学生都能积极参加这项活动。 All the students ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ this activity actively. 3.参加生日聚会忘记带一份礼物，对他来说很平常。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ he forget to bring a present when attending a birthday party. 4.与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。 ____________ ___________ ____________ , bicycles will not cause environmental problems. 5.不知道如何是好，所以去向他的父母求助。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ , he went to his parents for help. 6.既然你已经得到了一个机会，你不妨充分利用。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ____________ ___________, You might as well make full use of it. 7.我正要进餐厅时，突然想到我没有把我的车锁住。 I was about to go into the restaurant____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ that I had not locked my car. 8.我们终于成功抵达了我们梦想已久的景点。 We finally____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________ that we had been dreaming of for a long time. 四、课文语法填空 Today the temperature in London is expected 1.__________（reach）30 plus degrees!The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees，So over 30 is not usual for London.It’s going to be awful on the Central Line,2.____________ no air conditioning.Sure enough,3_________ (go) down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano4._______ is erupting?I am sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and I’m feeling a little sick.So to make 5.________ to Bank station,I’ll avoid feeling by thinking about work.Each summer in London6.__________ (definite) seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit7.__________ (scare).And I think I should start planning for the future.8._________ (bad) still,I am shocked by photos in my newspaper, showing disasters like hurricanes, heavy rain and forest fires that 9.________(occur) because of climate change.News like this makes me feel nervous.Now that is hard to avoid 10.___________disaster on Earth,Perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. 五、阅读理解 A On Super Bowl Sunday, two teams take the field but only one will emerge victorious. In a presidential election, only one candidate can win enough votes to take the nation’s highest office. A zero-sum belief is the idea that for me to win, you must lose. However, psychologists have found that people tend to perceive non-zero-sum situations — such as the economy or classroom learning — as win-lose when they aren’t. The new study found that as people age, this tendency decreases. The University of Chicago research team also discovered that younger people today are even more likely to engage in zero-sum thinking than previous generations. According to psychologists, there is danger in perceiving a situation as competitive when it’s not. Immigrants are often perceived as hurting the economy or taking away jobs. “It is documented that this is really false. If anything, it’s exactly the opposite,” says study coauthor UChicago Professor Boaz Keysar. “Immigrants enlarge the pie, as opposed to taking away from others.” The team ran four experiments surveying nearly 2,500 participants split between 18-to 30-year-olds and 65-to 80-year-olds. Each rated their agreement with general statements, such as: “If somebody gets rich, someone has to get poor.” In fact, people are not ranked against each other. Technically, everyone at the company could receive a high rating. But younger people are more likely to see situations as zero-sum. One reason is they perceive resources as more scarce, shaped by competitive education, job, and housing markets. Older people, by comparison, are more positive thinkers and have a more abundant mindset. Exposing this bias is important, the research team says, because it’s key to accurately understanding the world. We also might be missing out on the potential for a win-win. If you’re worried about your own zero-sum thinking, there’s hope. Time is on your side. “If anything, it might be a reason to call your grandparent, call an older person in your life. Get advice from them, because they might offer a different perspective,” Olivieri says. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of zero-sum thinking? A．By giving age-based comparisons. B．By describing possible social effects. C．By citing familiar real-life examples. D．By presenting recent research findings. 2．Why does Professor Keysar mention immigrants? A．To highlight possible economic concerns. B．To clarify the critical role immigrants play. C．To show a wrong belief about immigrants. D．To compare job competition among groups. 3．How are young people influenced by competitive environments? A．They consider resources as limited. B．They gain a more positive outlook. C．They feel more pressure from others. D．They are more likely to avoid risks. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Zero-Sum Beliefs Across Generations. B．Zero-Sum Thinking — I Win, You Lose. C．Younger People Show Less Zero-Sum Thinking. D．Listen to Grandma — Life’s not a Zero-Sum Game. B As a writing teacher, I am used to reading and responding to difficult texts. In fact, I like dealing with texts that have interesting ideas, because I understand their value. I have learned through my years of education that what eventually appeals to me is not just grammatically-perfect, smooth writing, but writing that forces me to think beyond the page. It is writing where the writer has challenged himself or herself and then offered that challenge to the reader. You will often come across critical thinking and analysis as requirements for tasks in writing and upper-level courses across different subjects. Instructors have different explanations of what they actually require from you, but, in general, they expect you to respond thoughtfully to the texts you read. The first thing you should remember is not to be afraid of critical thinking. It does not mean that you have to criticize the text, oppose its basic idea, or attack the writer simply because you feel you have to. Criticism is the process of responding to and judging ideas, arguments, and style so that readers understand how and why you value them. Critical thinking is also a process that is key to all subjects. While in this passage I refer mainly to critical thinking in writing, the general principles behind critical thinking are very similar in other fields. In history, for instance, it could mean examining and analyzing primary sources to understand the background in which they were written. In the hard sciences, it usually involves making judgments and decisions rationally (理性地), and solving problems. While critical thinking may be subject-specific, most of its general principles such as thinking rationally, making independent judgments, and having a healthy doubt about what is being read, are common to all subjects. No matter the area of study, using critical thinking skills leads to clear, flexible thinking and a better understanding of the subject at hand. 5．Why does the author prefer certain texts? A．They are error-free in grammar. B．They present exciting viewpoints. C．They make readers reflective. D．They read smoothly and easily. 6．What is critical thinking according to the author? A．Challenging the author’s viewpoint. B．Considering and assessing thoughts. C．Rejecting the text’s main argument. D．Finding fault with the writing. 7．How does the author explain that critical thinking matters across all subjects? A．By referring to different areas of study. B．By describing what it means in history. C．By explaining its role in science. D．By drawing comparisons between fields. 8．What might be discussed in the follow-up text? A．Types of critical thinking. B．Uses of deep thinking. C．Benefits of critical thinking. D．Methods of thinking critically. C Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢). “Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body is held up, everything is held up and I’ve made it to 104.” She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continue. Altogether, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4, 385 kilometers. During that time, she has had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s taught me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.” 9．Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons? A．She wanted to set a new record. B．She intended to challenge herself. C．She was driven by her interest. D．She was inspired by people like her. 10．What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma meet with? A．She didn’t get professional training. B．She found it hard to keep her balance. C．She suffered discomfort in her left leg. D．She couldn’t use regular running blades. 11．What message does the author express through the story? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Time works wonders. C．A good beginning is half the battle. D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 12．What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma? A．Annoyed. B．Concerned C．Admiring. D．Humorous. 六、七选五 Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space? With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket. The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in space travel. 13 Let’s take a look. Fly me to the moon Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. 14 Finally, it will spend another three days returning. The rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo programs. The project, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023. Living in space hotel Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? 15 It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. 16 It is similar to the gravity (重力) found on the face of the moon. Short space trip While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. 17 The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. A．The team will enjoy the views of Earth. B．It will rotate (旋转) to create man-made gravity. C．The short space trip has been attractive to some people. D．There are also many other space travel choices available. E．It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. F．The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. G．Many countries are developing their own rockets for scientific research. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1、 根据汉语提示单词拼写 1.erupt　2.disaster　3.plus　4.immediately 5.hurricane　6.occur　7.announcement 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1.comparison　2.occurred　3.scared　4.the 5.disasters　6.to;After 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.after all 2.are expected to participate in 3.It is typical that 4.Compared with cars 5.Not knowing what to do 6.Now that you have got a chance 7.It suddenly occurred to me that 8.made it to the tourist attraction 四、课文语法填空 1.To reach 2. with 3. going 4.that/ which 5. it 6.definitely 7.scared 8.worse 9.occurred 10. a 五、阅读理解 A 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 六、七选五 13．D 14．E 15．F 16．B 17．C 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1、 根据汉语提示单词拼写 1.An active volcano may 　　　　　　(爆发) at any time without warning. 2.Chinese medical units were operating in the 　　　　　　(灾难)areas in Africa for the rescue. 3.There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000-　　　　　　(多,余) customers. 4.When he received the letter saying that his mother was seriously ill,he set out on the return journey 　　　　　　　　 (立刻). 5.Many buildings were destroyed by a 　　　　　　(飓风) last week. 6.We immediately come to the rescue if any problems 　　　　　　　　(发生) in our daily life. 7.Anderson made the 　　　　　　　(通告) at the conference that the company would close the next week. 【答案】1.erupt　2.disaster　3.plus　4.immediately 5.hurricane　6.occur　7.announcement 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1.Messi’s talents stand out in 　　　　　　　(compare)with other football players. 2.Suddenly a good idea 　　　　　　　(occur) to me,but I couldn’t find any paper to write on. 3.Seeing the snake winding around the branch,I felt a bit 　　　　　　(scary) and ran away. 4.People speak highly of the boy’s bravery and calmness in 　　　　　　face of such an emergency. 5.An earthquake,which may cause great damage,is one of the most common natural 　　　　　　(disaster). 6.You really shouldn’t have reacted 　　 　　his comment on your work so violently. all ,he meant no harm to you. 【答案】 1.comparison　2.occurred　3.scared　4.the 5.disasters　6.to;After 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.这不能怪他，毕竟他第一次做这件事。 He is not to blame.____________ ___________, it is the first time that he has done it. 2.期待所有的学生都能积极参加这项活动。 All the students ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ this activity actively. 3.参加生日聚会忘记带一份礼物，对他来说很平常。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ he forget to bring a present when attending a birthday party. 4.与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。 ____________ ___________ ____________ , bicycles will not cause environmental problems. 5.不知道如何是好，所以去向他的父母求助。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ , he went to his parents for help. 6.既然你已经得到了一个机会，你不妨充分利用。 ____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ____________ ___________, You might as well make full use of it. 7.我正要进餐厅时，突然想到我没有把我的车锁住。 I was about to go into the restaurant____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ that I had not locked my car. 8.我们终于成功抵达了我们梦想已久的景点。 We finally____________ ___________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________ that we had been dreaming of for a long time. 【答案】 1.after all 2.are expected to participate in 3.It is typical that 4.Compared with cars 5.Not knowing what to do 6.Now that you have got a chance 7.It suddenly occurred to me that 8.made it to the tourist attraction 四、课文语法填空 Today the temperature in London is expected 1.__________（reach）30 plus degrees!The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees，So over 30 is not usual for London.It’s going to be awful on the Central Line,2.____________ no air conditioning.Sure enough,3_________ (go) down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano4._______ is erupting?I am sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and I’m feeling a little sick.So to make 5.________ to Bank station,I’ll avoid feeling by thinking about work.Each summer in London6.__________ (definite) seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit7.__________ (scare).And I think I should start planning for the future.8._________ (bad) still,I am shocked by photos in my newspaper, showing disasters like hurricanes, heavy rain and forest fires that 9.________(occur) because of climate change.News like this makes me feel nervous.Now that is hard to avoid 10.___________disaster on Earth,Perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. 【答案】 1.To reach 2. with 3. going 4.that/ which 5. it 6.definitely 7.scared 8.worse 9.occurred 10. a 五、阅读理解 A On Super Bowl Sunday, two teams take the field but only one will emerge victorious. In a presidential election, only one candidate can win enough votes to take the nation’s highest office. A zero-sum belief is the idea that for me to win, you must lose. However, psychologists have found that people tend to perceive non-zero-sum situations — such as the economy or classroom learning — as win-lose when they aren’t. The new study found that as people age, this tendency decreases. The University of Chicago research team also discovered that younger people today are even more likely to engage in zero-sum thinking than previous generations. According to psychologists, there is danger in perceiving a situation as competitive when it’s not. Immigrants are often perceived as hurting the economy or taking away jobs. “It is documented that this is really false. If anything, it’s exactly the opposite,” says study coauthor UChicago Professor Boaz Keysar. “Immigrants enlarge the pie, as opposed to taking away from others.” The team ran four experiments surveying nearly 2,500 participants split between 18-to 30-year-olds and 65-to 80-year-olds. Each rated their agreement with general statements, such as: “If somebody gets rich, someone has to get poor.” In fact, people are not ranked against each other. Technically, everyone at the company could receive a high rating. But younger people are more likely to see situations as zero-sum. One reason is they perceive resources as more scarce, shaped by competitive education, job, and housing markets. Older people, by comparison, are more positive thinkers and have a more abundant mindset. Exposing this bias is important, the research team says, because it’s key to accurately understanding the world. We also might be missing out on the potential for a win-win. If you’re worried about your own zero-sum thinking, there’s hope. Time is on your side. “If anything, it might be a reason to call your grandparent, call an older person in your life. Get advice from them, because they might offer a different perspective,” Olivieri says. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of zero-sum thinking? A．By giving age-based comparisons. B．By describing possible social effects. C．By citing familiar real-life examples. D．By presenting recent research findings. 2．Why does Professor Keysar mention immigrants? A．To highlight possible economic concerns. B．To clarify the critical role immigrants play. C．To show a wrong belief about immigrants. D．To compare job competition among groups. 3．How are young people influenced by competitive environments? A．They consider resources as limited. B．They gain a more positive outlook. C．They feel more pressure from others. D．They are more likely to avoid risks. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Zero-Sum Beliefs Across Generations. B．Zero-Sum Thinking — I Win, You Lose. C．Younger People Show Less Zero-Sum Thinking. D．Listen to Grandma — Life’s not a Zero-Sum Game. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是零和思维的代际差异：年轻人因资源稀缺感和竞争环境更易陷入零和思维，而老年人更倾向合作与丰裕心态。研究强调，纠正这一偏差对理解世界和实现双赢至关重要，并鼓励年轻人借鉴长辈的智慧以拓宽视野。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“On Super Bowl Sunday, two teams take the field but only one will emerge victorious. In a presidential election, only one candidate can win enough votes to take the nation’s highest office. A zero-sum belief is the idea that for me to win, you must lose.(超级碗周日，两支球队登场竞技，但最终只有一支能赢得胜利。总统大选中，也只有一位候选人能获得足够选票，登上国家最高职位。零和思维指的就是：若要我赢，你就必须输。)”可知，作者是通过列举熟悉的现实生活案例引入“零和思维”这一主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Immigrants are often perceived as hurting the economy or taking away jobs. “It is documented that this is really false. If anything, it’s exactly the opposite,” says study coauthor UChicago Professor Boaz Keysar. “Immigrants enlarge the pie, as opposed to taking away from others.”(例如，移民常被认为会损害经济或抢夺就业机会。“但事实恰恰相反，”研究合著者、芝加哥大学教授博阿兹·凯萨（Boaz Keysar）表示，“移民实际上是在‘做大蛋糕’，而非从他人手中夺取资源。”)”可知，Professor Keysar提到移民是为了揭示关于移民的错误观念。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But younger people are more likely to see situations as zero-sum. One reason is they perceive resources as more scarce, shaped by competitive education, job, and housing markets.(但年轻人更易将情境视为零和博弈，原因之一是他们认为资源更为稀缺，这源于教育、就业和住房市场的激烈竞争。)”可知，年轻人认为资源是有限的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第三段“But younger people are more likely to see situations as zero-sum. One reason is they perceive resources as more scarce, shaped by competitive education, job, and housing markets. Older people, by comparison, are more positive thinkers and have a more abundant mindset.(但年轻人更易将情境视为零和博弈，原因之一是他们认为资源更为稀缺，这源于教育、就业和住房市场的激烈竞争。相比之下，老年人更倾向积极思考，持有“资源丰裕”的心态。)”和最后一段“If you’re worried about your own zero-sum thinking, there’s hope. Time is on your side. “If anything, it might be a reason to call your grandparent, call an older person in your life. Get advice from them, because they might offer a different perspective,” Olivieri says.(若你担心自己存在零和思维，仍有转机——时间会站在你这边。“不妨给祖父母或身边的长辈打个电话，”研究者奥利维耶里（Olivieri）建议，“向他们寻求建议，因为他们或许能提供截然不同的视角。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是零和思维的代际差异：年轻人因资源稀缺感和竞争环境更易陷入零和思维，而老年人更倾向合作与丰裕心态。研究强调，纠正这一偏差对理解世界和实现双赢至关重要，并鼓励年轻人借鉴长辈的智慧以拓宽视野，因此最好的题目是D选项“Listen to Grandma — Life’s not a Zero-Sum Game.(听听奶奶的话——生活并非零和博弈。)”。故选D。 B As a writing teacher, I am used to reading and responding to difficult texts. In fact, I like dealing with texts that have interesting ideas, because I understand their value. I have learned through my years of education that what eventually appeals to me is not just grammatically-perfect, smooth writing, but writing that forces me to think beyond the page. It is writing where the writer has challenged himself or herself and then offered that challenge to the reader. You will often come across critical thinking and analysis as requirements for tasks in writing and upper-level courses across different subjects. Instructors have different explanations of what they actually require from you, but, in general, they expect you to respond thoughtfully to the texts you read. The first thing you should remember is not to be afraid of critical thinking. It does not mean that you have to criticize the text, oppose its basic idea, or attack the writer simply because you feel you have to. Criticism is the process of responding to and judging ideas, arguments, and style so that readers understand how and why you value them. Critical thinking is also a process that is key to all subjects. While in this passage I refer mainly to critical thinking in writing, the general principles behind critical thinking are very similar in other fields. In history, for instance, it could mean examining and analyzing primary sources to understand the background in which they were written. In the hard sciences, it usually involves making judgments and decisions rationally (理性地), and solving problems. While critical thinking may be subject-specific, most of its general principles such as thinking rationally, making independent judgments, and having a healthy doubt about what is being read, are common to all subjects. No matter the area of study, using critical thinking skills leads to clear, flexible thinking and a better understanding of the subject at hand. 5．Why does the author prefer certain texts? A．They are error-free in grammar. B．They present exciting viewpoints. C．They make readers reflective. D．They read smoothly and easily. 6．What is critical thinking according to the author? A．Challenging the author’s viewpoint. B．Considering and assessing thoughts. C．Rejecting the text’s main argument. D．Finding fault with the writing. 7．How does the author explain that critical thinking matters across all subjects? A．By referring to different areas of study. B．By describing what it means in history. C．By explaining its role in science. D．By drawing comparisons between fields. 8．What might be discussed in the follow-up text? A．Types of critical thinking. B．Uses of deep thinking. C．Benefits of critical thinking. D．Methods of thinking critically. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者作为写作教师对特定文本的偏好，阐述了批判性思维的定义，并强调了其在各学科中的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, I like dealing with texts that have interesting ideas, because I understand their value. I have learned through my years of education that what eventually appeals to me is not just grammatically-perfect, smooth writing, but writing that forces me to think beyond the page. It is writing where the writer has challenged himself or herself and then offered that challenge to the reader. (事实上，我偏爱解读观点新颖深刻的文章，因为我深知其价值。多年教育让我明白：真正打动我的，从来不止是语法无误、文笔流畅的文字，而是能启发我跳出文本、深度思考的作品。这类创作，是作者先挑战自我，再将这份思辨感传递给读者。)”可知，作者更喜欢能促使读者思考的文本，也就是让读者有反思性的文本。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Criticism is the process of responding to and judging ideas, arguments, and style so that readers understand how and why you value them. (批判是对观点、论点和风格做出回应和判断的过程，以便读者理解你如何以及为什么重视它们。)”可知，批判性思维是考虑和评估想法的过程。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“While in this passage I refer mainly to critical thinking in writing, the general principles behind critical thinking are very similar in other fields. In history, for instance, it could mean examining and analyzing primary sources to understand the background in which they were written. In the hard sciences, it usually involves making judgments and decisions rationally (理性地), and solving problems. (虽然在这篇文章中我主要指的是写作中的批判性思维，但批判性思维背后的基本原则在其他领域也非常相似。例如，在历史领域，它可能意味着检查和分析原始资料，以了解它们所写的背景。在硬科学领域，它通常涉及理性地做出判断和决策，并解决问题。)”可知，作者通过提及不同研究领域来解释批判性思维在所有学科中的重要性。故选A。 8．推理判断题。文章前三段主要介绍了批判性思维是什么以及它在不同学科中的重要性，最后一段提到“No matter the area of study, using critical thinking skills leads to clear, flexible thinking and a better understanding of the subject at hand. (无论研究领域如何，使用批判性思维技能都会带来清晰、灵活的思维，以及对当前主题更好的理解。)”，接下来可能会讨论如何进行批判性思考，即批判性思维的方法。故选D。 C Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢). “Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body is held up, everything is held up and I’ve made it to 104.” She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continue. Altogether, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4, 385 kilometers. During that time, she has had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s taught me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.” 9．Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons? A．She wanted to set a new record. B．She intended to challenge herself. C．She was driven by her interest. D．She was inspired by people like her. 10．What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma meet with? A．She didn’t get professional training. B．She found it hard to keep her balance. C．She suffered discomfort in her left leg. D．She couldn’t use regular running blades. 11．What message does the author express through the story? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Time works wonders. C．A good beginning is half the battle. D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 12．What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma? A．Annoyed. B．Concerned C．Admiring. D．Humorous. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jacky Hunt-Broersma虽然由于癌症而左腿截肢，但是借助假肢连续104天跑104场马拉松的励志故事。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. (她说：“以前有一个身体健全的人做过这种事。我想看看我是否可以用假腿做这件事，看看会发生什么。”)”可推知，Hunt-Broersma决定跑马拉松是为了挑战自己。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(使用假肢的跑步者不能使用普通的假肢。他们需要一个刀锋式跑步义肢。Hunt-Broersma有两个刀锋式跑步义肢，但她只能用其中一个，因为她左腿肿胀，无法连接到另一把刀。但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”可知，Hunt-Broersma在跑马拉松时，要忍受左腿肿胀带来的不适和痛苦。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，以及第三段中“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”和最后一段中““It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s taught me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.”(“它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。如果你内心强大，你可以做任何事情，”她说。“我们的身体真是太棒了……整个旅程令人印象深刻，也非常艰难，但它告诉我，作为一个人，我可以有多强大，我可以把自己逼到多远。”)”可知，作者通过Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉读者只要有坚定意志与决心，只要我们迎难而上，坚持不懈，就能取得成功，因此作者通过这个故事表达了“有志者事竟成”的哲理。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，以及第一段“Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢).(上个月跑马拉松的大多数人在赛前休息了几天时间，在赛后恢复了几天时间。但Jacky Hunt-Broersma不是。她总共在104天内跑了104场马拉松。如果吉尼斯世界纪录证实，这将是一项新的世界纪录。她用一条腿和一个假肢完成了这一切。)”和第二段中““Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. (她说：“以前有一个身体健全的人做过这种事。我想看看我是否可以用假腿做这件事，看看会发生什么。”)”和第三段中“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”以及最后一段中““It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s taught me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.”(“它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。如果你内心强大，你可以做任何事情，”她说。“我们的身体真是太棒了……整个旅程令人印象深刻，也非常艰难，但它告诉我，作为一个人，我可以有多强大，我可以把自己逼到多远。”)”可知，Hunt-Broersma勇于挑战自己，努力克服身体不适和痛苦以及她的感悟，由此推知，作者对Hunt-Broersma的态度是钦佩赞赏的。故选C项。 六、七选五 Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space? With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket. The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in space travel. 13 Let’s take a look. Fly me to the moon Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. 14 Finally, it will spend another three days returning. The rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo programs. The project, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023. Living in space hotel Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? 15 It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. 16 It is similar to the gravity (重力) found on the face of the moon. Short space trip While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. 17 The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. A．The team will enjoy the views of Earth. B．It will rotate (旋转) to create man-made gravity. C．The short space trip has been attractive to some people. D．There are also many other space travel choices available. E．It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. F．The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. G．Many countries are developing their own rockets for scientific research. 【答案】13．D 14．E 15．F 16．B 17．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种不同的太空旅行选择：绕月旅行、太空酒店和短途太空旅行。 13．由上文“The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone in space travel. (这四人团队完成了一次被NASA誉为太空旅行里程碑的飞行)”以及下文“Let’s take a look. (让我们来看看)”可知，本空要起到承上启下的作用，引出下文将要介绍的多种太空旅行选择。D选项“There are also many other space travel choices available. (还有许多其他太空旅行选择可供选择)”能承接上文里程碑事件，并引出下文的详细介绍，符合题意。故选D。 14．由上文“Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. (46岁的日本商人前泽友作邀请了8名公众和他一起在埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX公司的帮助下进行绕月旅行。)”以及空格后“Finally, it will spend another three days returning. (最后，它将再花三天时间返回)”可知，本空要具体说明此次绕月旅行的行程安排，特别是去程和环绕所需时间。E选项“It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. (团队将花费三天时间飞往月球并随后环绕运行)”说明了前期行程和时间，与下文的返回时间相衔接，符合题意。故选E。 15．由上文“Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? (与其把自己塞进狭小的太空舱，不如在酒店里享受时光怎么样？)”以及下文“It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. (预计它将设有餐厅、电影院和可容纳多达400位客人的房间)”可知，本空要引出“太空酒店”这一概念，并开启对其的介绍。F选项“The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. (世界上第一家太空酒店计划于2025年开始建造)”明确提出了太空酒店及其计划时间，与上下文语境相关，符合题意。故选F。 16．由上文“Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. (由一家美国公司开发，这个空间站将是一个圆形结构)”以及下文“It is similar to the gravity found on the face of the moon. (它类似于月球表面的重力)”可知，本空需要解释这个圆形结构如何产生或模拟重力，从而与下文的“重力”描述相连接。B选项“It will rotate to create man-made gravity. (它将通过旋转来制造人造重力)”准确说明了圆形结构(可能通过旋转)产生重力的机制，直接引出下文的引力大小描述，符合题意。故选B。 17．由上文“Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. (时长90分钟的旅程门票自2月16日起已向公众发售)”以及下文“The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. (私人太空旅游航班计划于今年晚些时候开始)”可知，本段主要围绕“短途太空旅行”展开。C选项“The short space trip has been attractive to some people. (短途太空旅行已经对一些人产生了吸引力)”能很好地承接上文门票开售的信息，并暗示其市场反响，与下文的计划启动形成逻辑联系，符合题意。故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $