Unit 3 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 四大发明 ___________________ 2. 除此之外；另外 ___________________ 3. 在……领域取得重大进展 ___________________ 4. 就……而言 ___________________ 5. 有能力做某事 ___________________ 6. 更为重要的是 ___________________ 7. 激励某人做某事 ___________________ 8. 无疑 ___________________ 9. 此刻；目前 ___________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Which switch do I ________ (按) to turn it off? 2. The movie was ________ (摄影) entirely on location in Italy. 　 3. The ____________ (电池) in my laptop has run down and it needs recharging at once. 4. In a ____________ (虚拟的) space, you can go travelling on a time machine.  5. The rose is putting out new ________ (芽) as spring comes 6. Kids have a natural ______ (渴望) for knowledge. 7. The manager has a _________ (灵活的) approach and is always open to new ideas from the team. 8. In ________(此外), the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country.  三、单句语法填空。 1. He ________ (stuff) his suitcase with some clothes, put his smartphone in his pocket and slammed the door heavily behind him. 2. I wish they could be ________ (flexible) than before so that I can make my own choices about what to do in my spare time. 3. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire ________ (buy), advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services.  4. In ______ (add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 5. _________addition, a research team used a machine learning-based controller which can aid the printing process.  6. Since his classmates knew he is suffering from leukemia (白血病), the poor kid’s Christmas stocking ______ (stuff) with presents. 7. These students ___________ (desire) to make a difference to the world should be encouraged. 8. If   _______ (wear) tech is to live up to its potential，it needs to start looking better. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. They organised ________ to celebrate the traditional festival.  他们组织了许多令人激动的活动去庆祝这个传统节日。 2. Pearl S. Buck put ________ ________ ________ to her translation work when she lived in Nanjing. 在南京生活期间，赛珍珠对她的翻译作品进行了最后的润色。 3. I love this apartment, but admittedly it ________ ________, for it is too far away from my company. 我喜欢这个公寓，但是不得不承认它缺少便利性，因为它离我的公司太远了。 4. Showing ________ to others is an important virtue. 展现对他人的善良是一种重要美德。 5. The fitness model is famous for his _________, which he built through years of training. (muscle) 这位健身模特以其结实的肌肉而闻名，这是他多年训练练就的。 6. The old sailor had _________ from years of squinting into the sun. (wrinkles) 那位老水手额头上布满了深深的皱纹，那是多年眯眼望向太阳留下的痕迹 7. They can ______________________________________________ our motherland. 他们可以为祖国的发展做出贡献。 8. Another advantage is ______________________________________________. 另一个优势是增加了文化交流的机会。 五、语法填空     1     we all know, there are four great     2    （invent）in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking,     3    （print）and the compass. In today's world, most of the new great inventions     4    （be）tech-based. For instance,     5    （advance）in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon     6    （see）further developments. Look! This is     7    （new）invented stuff.     8     is capable of     9    （compute）complex numbers very quickly. In addition, if you press the button, it can shoot a blue light through a wall.     10     there is desire, there is invention. We will never say never. 六、阅读理解 China will green light Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, those at a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided. Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for some common and chronic diseases in patients’ follow-up visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries. As China joins the ranks of middle-income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public. One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review for health insurance will be applied and the one-stop settlement will be advanced. The real-time sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored, as well. “We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decisions made.” Li said. “In recent years, top-level hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patents. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high-end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.” To solve the problem,a two-pronged (双管齐下的) approach must be taken. One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources. The government will see to it that long-distance healthcare services cover all county-level hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that high-speed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for long-distance healthcare services. 1. According to the text, which of the following services won’t a patient enjoy online? A．Receiving a medical operation. B．Asking doctors for advice after the test. C．Several doctors’ discussion about the disease. D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance. 2. Why is the demand for health services increasing in China? A．The expense of medical care. B．The recognition of health insurance. C．The improvement of people’s life quality. D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment. 3. What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Modern Hospitals B．Online Healthcare on its Way C．No More Burden for General People D．Wide Applications of Internet Service 七、七选五 There are easy ways you can make an effort to increase the chances of getting along well with your roommates. One way is to respect their quiet time. If they have to go to bed or wake up earlier than you do, you should do your best to stay as silent as possible.     1     If you are going to bring someone home with you, you should call your roommates first to see if it would be a problem.     2     Whether they already have someone over and want privacy or just don’t want anyone over at all, it’s better to ask first before just bringing someone home.     3     If you are planning on going out with your friends or simply want to go to see a movie, ask them to come along. They may start to feel more like your friends instead of just someone that you live with. You may be used to having things a bit messy.     4     If you are going to live with someone, you should make an extra effort to pick up your home. Privacy is an important part of any relationships.     5     You should make sure you don’t invade their personal space, eavesdrop on（偷听）their phone calls or read any of their private information. A．You don’t have to be best friends. B．In other words, respect their wishes. C．The one you have with your roommates is also no different. D．Even if they’re just writing or reading, consider what they’re doing. E．However, your roommates may prefer to keep their room neat all the time. F．Including your roommates in your activities can help you get along with them. G．Letting your roommates know what might make you uncomfortable is important. 八、完形填空 In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That’s 11 days to see how he’d cope (应对)____1___ sleep. On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Gardner was ___2____. Although Gardner recovered without long-term ___3____ or physical damage, for others, losing sleep can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and, in extreme cases, death. We’re only beginning to understand why we sleep to begin with, but we do know it’s ___4____. Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night, and teenagers need about ten. We grow ___5____ due to signals from our bodies telling our brains we are tired, and signals from the ___6____ telling us it’s dark outside. The ____7___ in hypnotic (催眠的) chemicals send us into a light doze (瞌睡) that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate ___8____ and our muscles relax. During sleep DNA is repaired and our bodies ___9____ themselves for the day ahead. In the United States, it’s estimated that 30% of adults and 66% of teenagers are ___10____ sleep-deprived (睡眠剥夺). This isn’t just a minor inconvenience. Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected. Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation (炎症), high blood pressure, and it’s even been ____11___ to diabetes (糖尿病) and obesity. In 2014, a ___12___ soccer fan died after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup. ___13____ his untimely death was due to a stroke, studies show that chronically (长期) sleeping fewer than six hours a night ___14____ stroke risk by four and a half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of sleep. While scientists continue exploring the restorative mechanisms behind sleep, we can be sure that having good sleep quality is a ___15____ if we want to maintain our health. 1. A. with   B. without   C. in   D. after 2. A. unlucky   B. focused   C. energetic   D. moody 3. A. economic   B. chemical   C. psychological   D. biological 4. A. essential   B. optional   C. additional   D. external 5. A. nervous   B. excited   C. active   D. sleepy 6. A. environment  B. equipment   C. atmosphere   D. situation 7. A. stop   B. fall   C. rise   D. change 8. A. speed up    B. slow down   C. keep up   D. break down 9. A. refresh   B. reveal   C. refuse   D. relieve 10. A. rarely   B. never   C. regularly   D. suddenly 11. A. exposed   B. applied   C. limited   D. linked 12. A. clever   B. devoted   C. experienced   D. strict 13. A. While   B. Because   C. If   D. Unless 14. A. reduces   B. increases   C. balances   D. measures 15. A. choice   B. difference   C. necessity   D. possibility 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 四大发明 ___________________ 2. 除此之外；另外 ___________________ 3. 在……领域取得重大进展 ___________________ 4. 就……而言 ___________________ 5. 有能力做某事 ___________________ 6. 更为重要的是 ___________________ 7. 激励某人做某事 ___________________ 8. 无疑 ___________________ 9. 此刻；目前 ___________________ 【答案】 1. the four great inventions 2.in addition 3.make important advances in 4. intermsof 5.be capable of doing sth/be able to do sth 6. what’s more 7. inspire sb to do sth 8.no doubt 9.at the moment 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Which switch do I ________ (按) to turn it off? 2. The movie was ________ (摄影) entirely on location in Italy. 　 3. The ____________ (电池) in my laptop has run down and it needs recharging at once. 4. In a ____________ (虚拟的) space, you can go travelling on a time machine.  5. The rose is putting out new ________ (芽) as spring comes 6. Kids have a natural ______ (渴望) for knowledge. 7. The manager has a _________ (灵活的) approach and is always open to new ideas from the team. 8. In ________(此外), the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country.  【答案】 1. press 2. shot 3. battery 4. virtual 5. shoots 6. desire 7. flexible 8. addition 三、单句语法填空。 1. He ________ (stuff) his suitcase with some clothes, put his smartphone in his pocket and slammed the door heavily behind him. 2. I wish they could be ________ (flexible) than before so that I can make my own choices about what to do in my spare time. 3. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire ________ (buy), advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services.  4. In ______ (add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 5. _________addition, a research team used a machine learning-based controller which can aid the printing process.  6. Since his classmates knew he is suffering from leukemia (白血病), the poor kid’s Christmas stocking ______ (stuff) with presents. 7. These students ___________ (desire) to make a difference to the world should be encouraged. 8. If   _______ (wear) tech is to live up to its potential，it needs to start looking better. 【答案】 1. stuffed 2. more flexible 3. to buy 4. addition 5. In 6.was stuffed 7. desiring 8. wearable 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. They organised ________ to celebrate the traditional festival.  他们组织了许多令人激动的活动去庆祝这个传统节日。 2. Pearl S. Buck put ________ ________ ________ to her translation work when she lived in Nanjing. 在南京生活期间，赛珍珠对她的翻译作品进行了最后的润色。 3. I love this apartment, but admittedly it ________ ________, for it is too far away from my company. 我喜欢这个公寓，但是不得不承认它缺少便利性，因为它离我的公司太远了。 4. Showing ________ to others is an important virtue. 展现对他人的善良是一种重要美德。 5. The fitness model is famous for his _________, which he built through years of training. (muscle) 这位健身模特以其结实的肌肉而闻名，这是他多年训练练就的。 6. The old sailor had _________ from years of squinting into the sun. (wrinkles) 那位老水手额头上布满了深深的皱纹，那是多年眯眼望向太阳留下的痕迹 7. They can ______________________________________________ our motherland. 他们可以为祖国的发展做出贡献。 8. Another advantage is ______________________________________________. 另一个优势是增加了文化交流的机会。 【答案】 1. lots of exciting activities 2. the final polish 3. lacks convenience 4. kindness 5. hard/solid muscles 6. deep wrinkles on his forehead/a forehead with deep wrinkles 7. contribute to the development of 8. the increased chance for cultural exchange 五、语法填空     1     we all know, there are four great     2    （invent）in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking,     3    （print）and the compass. In today's world, most of the new great inventions     4    （be）tech-based. For instance,     5    （advance）in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon     6    （see）further developments. Look! This is     7    （new）invented stuff.     8     is capable of     9    （compute）complex numbers very quickly. In addition, if you press the button, it can shoot a blue light through a wall.     10     there is desire, there is invention. We will never say never. 【答案】 1.As 2.inventions 3.printing 4.are 5.advances 6.beseeing 7.newly 8.It 9.computing 10.Where 六、阅读理解 China will green light Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, those at a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided. Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for some common and chronic diseases in patients’ follow-up visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries. As China joins the ranks of middle-income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public. One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review for health insurance will be applied and the one-stop settlement will be advanced. The real-time sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored, as well. “We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decisions made.” Li said. “In recent years, top-level hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patents. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high-end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.” To solve the problem,a two-pronged (双管齐下的) approach must be taken. One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources. The government will see to it that long-distance healthcare services cover all county-level hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that high-speed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for long-distance healthcare services. 1. According to the text, which of the following services won’t a patient enjoy online? A．Receiving a medical operation. B．Asking doctors for advice after the test. C．Several doctors’ discussion about the disease. D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance. 2. Why is the demand for health services increasing in China? A．The expense of medical care. B．The recognition of health insurance. C．The improvement of people’s life quality. D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment. 3. What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Modern Hospitals B．Online Healthcare on its Way C．No More Burden for General People D．Wide Applications of Internet Service 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于中国政府计划开展绿色互联网医疗服务的详细内容报道。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段" The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.（将鼓励顶级医院提供包括咨询、预约和查询检查结果在内的在线服务。）”可知，病人获得的在线服务包括会诊、预约和结果咨询，所以只有线上手术没有涉及。故选A。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据第三段“As China joins the ranks of middle-income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly..（随着中国跻身中等收入国家行列，对医疗服务的需求也相应增加。）”可知已经跻身中等收入国家行列，中国人民的生活质量已经提高了，因此对医疗服务的需求也增加了。故选C。 【小题3】主旨大意题。根据第一段" China will green light Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare,（中国将批准医疗机构开展互联网医疗服务，这是推动"互联网＋医疗健康”领域发展的 一项更大举措的一部分）”和最后一段" The government will see to it that long-distance healthcare services cover all county-level hospitals.（政府会确保远程医疗服务覆盖所有县级医院。）”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国正在发展中的互联网医疗服务。故选B。 七、七选五 There are easy ways you can make an effort to increase the chances of getting along well with your roommates. One way is to respect their quiet time. If they have to go to bed or wake up earlier than you do, you should do your best to stay as silent as possible.     1     If you are going to bring someone home with you, you should call your roommates first to see if it would be a problem.     2     Whether they already have someone over and want privacy or just don’t want anyone over at all, it’s better to ask first before just bringing someone home.     3     If you are planning on going out with your friends or simply want to go to see a movie, ask them to come along. They may start to feel more like your friends instead of just someone that you live with. You may be used to having things a bit messy.     4     If you are going to live with someone, you should make an extra effort to pick up your home. Privacy is an important part of any relationships.     5     You should make sure you don’t invade their personal space, eavesdrop on（偷听）their phone calls or read any of their private information. A．You don’t have to be best friends. B．In other words, respect their wishes. C．The one you have with your roommates is also no different. D．Even if they’re just writing or reading, consider what they’re doing. E．However, your roommates may prefer to keep their room neat all the time. F．Including your roommates in your activities can help you get along with them. G．Letting your roommates know what might make you uncomfortable is important. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍和室友们的相处方法。 【小题1】根据空前“One way is to respect their quiet time. If they have to go to bed or wake up earlier than you do, you should do your best to stay as silent as possible."（一种方法是尊重他们的安静时间。如果他们不得不比你早睡早起，你应该尽量保持沉默。）可知， 要尽可能的尊重室友的安静时间，不管他们在做什么。D项中的“即使他们只是在写作或阅读，想想他们在做什么。”是对上述请情况的具体展开。故选D。 【小题2】根据前文" If you are going to bring someone home with you, you should call your roommates first to see if it would be a problem. "（如果你要带某人回寝室，你应该先打电话给你的室友，看看这是否会有问题。）可知，你带别人回寝室的候，你应该先打电话给你的室友，争取他们的意见。B项“换句话说，尊重他们的意愿。”符合语境。承接上文，说明这么作的意图是什么。故选B。 【小题3】根据下文“If you are planning on going out with your friends or simply want to go to see a movie, ask them to come along.”（如果你打算和你的朋友出去，或者只是想去看电影，请他们一起去。）可知，外出参加活动的话，可以邀请你的室友一起去。所以F项“让你的室友参与你的活动可以帮助你与他们相处。”符合语境。为本段的小标题。故选F。 【小题4】根据前文“You may be used to having things a bit messy."（你可能习惯于把事情弄得一团糟。）以及根据空后" If you are going to live with someone, you should make an extra effort to pick up your home.”（如果你打算和某人住在一起，你应该加倍努力收 拾你的家。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系，说明室友的习惯与你的不同。所以E项“然而，你的室友可能更喜欢保持房间的整洁。”符合语境。故选E。 【小题5】根据前文“Privacy is an important part of any relationships.”（隐私是任何关系的重要组成部分。）可知，隐私在任何关系都有 至关重要的，所以和你的舍友在一起也一样，都要尊重对方的隐私。故C项" The one you have with your roommates is also no different."（你和你的室友在一起也没什么不同。）符合语境。故选C。 八、完形填空 In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That’s 11 days to see how he’d cope (应对)____1___ sleep. On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Gardner was ___2____. Although Gardner recovered without long-term ___3____ or physical damage, for others, losing sleep can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and, in extreme cases, death. We’re only beginning to understand why we sleep to begin with, but we do know it’s ___4____. Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night, and teenagers need about ten. We grow ___5____ due to signals from our bodies telling our brains we are tired, and signals from the ___6____ telling us it’s dark outside. The ____7___ in hypnotic (催眠的) chemicals send us into a light doze (瞌睡) that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate ___8____ and our muscles relax. During sleep DNA is repaired and our bodies ___9____ themselves for the day ahead. In the United States, it’s estimated that 30% of adults and 66% of teenagers are ___10____ sleep-deprived (睡眠剥夺). This isn’t just a minor inconvenience. Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected. Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation (炎症), high blood pressure, and it’s even been ____11___ to diabetes (糖尿病) and obesity. In 2014, a ___12___ soccer fan died after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup. ___13____ his untimely death was due to a stroke, studies show that chronically (长期) sleeping fewer than six hours a night ___14____ stroke risk by four and a half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of sleep. While scientists continue exploring the restorative mechanisms behind sleep, we can be sure that having good sleep quality is a ___15____ if we want to maintain our health. 1. A. with   B. without   C. in   D. after 2. A. unlucky   B. focused   C. energetic   D. moody 3. A. economic   B. chemical   C. psychological   D. biological 4. A. essential   B. optional   C. additional   D. external 5. A. nervous   B. excited   C. active   D. sleepy 6. A. environment  B. equipment   C. atmosphere   D. situation 7. A. stop   B. fall   C. rise   D. change 8. A. speed up    B. slow down   C. keep up   D. break down 9. A. refresh   B. reveal   C. refuse   D. relieve 10. A. rarely   B. never   C. regularly   D. suddenly 11. A. exposed   B. applied   C. limited   D. linked 12. A. clever   B. devoted   C. experienced   D. strict 13. A. While   B. Because   C. If   D. Unless 14. A. reduces   B. increases   C. balances   D. measures 15. A. choice   B. difference   C. necessity   D. possibility 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，短文以1965年兰迪•加德纳11天不睡觉的实验为切入点，介绍了睡眠缺失带来的各类身体问题，阐释了人类的睡眠机制，并通过数据和实例说明睡眠不足的严重危害，最终强调优质睡眠对维持健康的必要性。 【小题1】考查介词词义辨析。句意：那是连续11天不睡觉，以此观察他如何应对无睡眠的状态。A.with和；B.without没有；C.in在...内； D.after在.之后。根据前文“stayed awake for 264 hours”可知，表明他全程保持清醒，即处于没有睡眠的状态，without契合语境。故选B项。 【小题2】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了第三天，加德纳变得情绪多变。A.unlucky不幸的；B.focused专注的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D. moody情绪多变的"On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch.”可知，描述了他出现视线无法聚焦、失去触觉辨物能力的症状，此处是睡眠缺失的进一步身体反应，情绪多变符合睡眠不足的表现。故选D项。 【小题3】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管加德纳恢复后没有留下长期的心理问题或身体损伤，但对其他人来说，睡眠不足可能导致荷尔蒙失 衡、疾病，极端情况下甚至会引发死亡。A.economic经济的；B.chemical化学的；C.psychological心理的；D.biological生物的。根据后文“physical damage"形成对应，此处指精神心理层面的问题，psychological符合搭配逻辑。故选C项。 【小题4】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们才刚刚开始探究人类需要睡眠的根本原因，但可以确定的是，睡眠是必不可少的。A.essential极其 重要的、必不可少的；B.optiona可选择的；C.additional额外的；D.external外部的。后文提及成年人和青少年的每日睡眠需求，且前文介绍了睡眠缺失的危害，由此可知睡眠是人体必需的，essential契合文意。故选A项。 【小题5】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们会感到困倦，原因是身体向大脑传递了疲惫的信号，同时外界也向我们传递了天黑的信号。A. nervous紧张的；B.excited兴奋的；C.active活跃的；D.sleepy困倦的。根据后文“due to signals from our bodies telling our brains we are tired "可知，我们会感到困倦。故选D项。 【小题6】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会感到困倦，原因是身体向大脑传递了疲惫的信号，同时外界也向我们传递了天黑的信号。A. environment环境、外界；B.equipment设备；C.atmosphere气氛；D.situation情况。根据后文"telling us it's dark outside."可知，“天黑”属于外界环境的变化，environment契合此处语境。故选A项。 【小题7】考查动词词义辨析。句意：催眠类化学物质的含量上升，让我们进入浅眠状态，且睡眠程度会逐渐加深，使我们的呼吸和心率放缓， 肌肉也随之放松。A.stop停止；B.fall下降；C.rise上升；D.change变化。根据后文“send us into a light doze that grows deeper"可知，催眠物质含量增加才会让人产生睡意、进入睡眠，rise符合这一生理机制。故选C项。 【小题8】考查动词短语辨析。句意：催眠类化学物质的含量上升，让我们进入浅眠状态，且睡眠程度会逐渐加深，使我们的呼吸和心率放缓， 肌肉也随之放松。A.speed up加速；B.slow down放缓；C.keep up保持；D.break down出故障。根据后文“our muscles relax”以及常识可知，可知，睡眠时人体的生理活动会变缓，呼吸和心率放缓是典型表现，slowdown契合语境。故选B项。 【小题9】考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠过程中，DNA会得到修复，我们的身体也会为新的一天养精蓄锐。A.refresh使恢复精力；B.reveal 揭示；C.refuse拒绝；D.relieve缓解。根据前文“During sleep DNA is repaired”可知，睡眠的作用是让身体恢复精力，为次日做好准备，refresh符合文意。故选A项。 【小题10】考查副词词义辨析。句意：据估计，美国有30%的成年人和66%的青少年经常处于睡眠不足的状态。A.rarely极少；B.never从未；C.regularly经常；D.suddenly突然。根据后文“This isn’t just a minor inconvenience. Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected."可知，后文介绍了睡眠不足的各类危害，此处用数据说明睡眠不足的普遍现状，regularly能体现这一情况。故选C项。 【小题11】考查动词词义辨析。句意：失眠还可能引发炎症、高血压，甚至有研究表明它与糖尿病和肥胖症有关联。A.exposed暴露；B. appliea应用；C.limited限制；D.linked关联。根据前文" Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation (炎症), high blood pressure "及后文"diabetes and obesity”可知，失眠与糖尿病和肥胖症有关联。故选D项。 【小题12】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2014年，一位忠实的球迷为了看世界杯连续48小时不睡觉，最终不幸离世。A.clever聪明的；B devoted忠实的、挚爱的；C.experienced有经验的；D.strict严格的。根据后文"after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup”可知，愿意为看世界杯连续48小时不睡觉，体现出这位球迷对足球的热爱，devoted契合语境。故选B项。 【小题13】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的英年早逝是由中风引发的，但研究表明，长期每晚睡眠不足6小时的人，中风风险比那些长期保 持7-8小时睡眠的人高出4.5倍。A.While尽管；B.Because因为；C.If果；D.Unless除非。前半句说明球迷离世的直接原因是中风，后半句强调睡眠不足与中风的关联，前后为让步关系，While符合逻辑。故选A项。 【小题14】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的英年早逝是由中风引发的，但研究表明，长期每晚睡眠不足6小时的人，中风风险比那些长期保 持7-8小时睡眠的人高出4.5倍。A.reduces减少；B.increases增加；C.balances平衡；D.measures测量。根据“by four and a half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of sleep "可知，睡眠不足会提升中风的风险，increases契合文意。故选B 【小题15】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管科学家仍在探索睡眠背后的修复机制，但我们可以确定的是，如果想要维持身体健康，拥有优质的睡 眠是一件必需品。A.choice选择；B.difference差异；C.necessity必需品；D.possibility可能性。前文通篇介绍睡眠不足的严重危害以及后文"if we want to maintain our health”，可知，优质睡眠对健康是不可或缺的，necessity契合语境。故选C项 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $