Unit1 Nature in the balance 单词课件-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

B3U1 Vocabulary 1.harm n.＆vt.伤害，损害 do/cause harm to sb./sth. = do/cause sb./sth. harm 对……有害；伤害某人 mean no harm 并无恶意 do (sb.) more harm than good (对某人)弊大于利 e.g. There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事并无害处。 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to… 对…有害 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的 e.g. This object gives off harmful gases , which may do harm to our health and thus , you’d better make the object harmless before using it. 该物品散发出有害气体，可能对我们的健康有害，因此，你最好在使用该物品之前使其无害。 2.soil n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 vt. 弄脏 rich/poor soil 肥沃/贫瘠的土壤 sb’s native soil 某人的故土 3.ecosystem n.生态系统 e.g. We ought to make every attempt to protect our weak ecosystem from being destroyed. 我们应该尽一切努力保护我们脆弱的生态系统不被破坏。 4.overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 overseas students 海外留学生（adj.） travel overseas 出国旅游（adv.） 5.region n.地区，区域；行政区 regional adj.地区的；区域的 6.continent n.大陆，陆地，洲 continental adj.大洲的；大路的 e.g. The moment the author stepped on the continent , he deeply fell in love with its beautiful scenery. 作者踏上这片大陆的那一刻，他就深深地爱上了它的美景。 7.million num.一百万；许多，大量 millions of … 大量的 one in a million 万里挑一的人或物 8.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 at length 最后；详细地 in length 在长度上 long for sth / long to do sth 渴望某事/渴望做某事 in the long term/run从长远来看 before long很快；不久 as/so long as 只要 no longer/not any longer 不再 long adj.（距离/时间等）长的 反： short adv.长期地；长久地 vi.渴望 lengthen vt.＆vi.（使）变长 （反：shorten） lengthy adj.漫长的；冗长的；耗时久的（多含贬义，指时间、文字等过长、拖沓） 9.biodiversity n.生物多样性 diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的 diversely adv. diversity n.多样性；多样化 diversify v.使多样化；使多元化 e.g. In summary , we must preserve biodiversity , which makes a great difference to human beings. 总之，我们必须保护生物多样性，它对人类有很大的作用。 10.species n.种，物种 (pl.species) 11.nut n.坚果；怪人；疯子；对…入迷的人 brazil nut 巴西坚果 nutty adj.有坚果味的；含坚果的；疯疯癫癫的 a computer nut 电脑迷 a tough nut to crack 难对付的人/棘手的问题 12.lily n.百合（花） water lily 睡莲 13.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 a variety of = varieties of 种类繁多的；各种各样的 various adj.不同的；各种各样的 variously adv.不同地；以各种方式地 varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的 variant n.变体；变种；变形 vary vi./vt. 变化；改变；有差异 vary from … to … 从…到…不等；在…到…之间变化 vary with… 随着…而变化 vary in… 在…方面变化/有差异 e.g. The amount of time we spend on housework varies from week to week according to our schedules. e.g. Varying from light snacks to full meals, the food options on campus can satisfy almost every student’s taste. 14.wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 15.beneath prep.在…下面，在…下方；配不上；与…不相称 adv.在下面；在地下 e.g. He considers such job beneath him. 他觉得这些工作有失他的身份（配不上他）。 16.mass adj.大批的，广泛的 n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 vi.＆vt. 集结；聚集 the masses 群众 mass production/media 批量生产/大众传媒 massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 a mass of = masses of 大量的，一大堆/块/团 the mass of …中的大多数 e.g. The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空乌云密布。 e.g. Dark clouds massed on the horizon. 天边乌云密布。 17.towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 tower n.塔；塔状建筑 vi. 高于；(能力/地位/名气) 超过/胜过 tower over/above sb./sth. 高于；超过 e.g. A girl who towers me is standing on the top of a towering tower , overlooking the surrounding wonderful view. 一个比我高的女孩正站在一座高耸的塔顶上，俯瞰着周围的美景。 e.g. She towers over other dancers of her generation. e.g. He towered over his classmates. e.g. Towering over all her classmates in academic performance , she often wins top scholarships. 18.hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 19.living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 （反： dead） in/ within living memory 在人们的记忆里；记忆犹新 living languages 现用语言 make/earn a/one’s living 谋生 living/sitting room客厅 e.g.On land with rich soil , local farmers can grow crops to make a living. 在土壤肥沃的土地上，当地农民可以种植农作物来谋生。 20.mammal n.哺乳动物 21.jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 22.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难；比…活得久 survive sth. 幸免于…；从…活下来 survive on 依靠…生活 survive sb. by… 比某人多活… survive from… 从…时留存/流传下来 survive the air crash 幸免于空难 survival n.幸存；生还；幸存事物，残存物 survival of the fittest 适者生存 survivor n.幸存者；生还者 surviving adj.幸存的；残存的 e.g. Many animals survive on grass and leaves. 生存 e.g. Only a few people survived in the accident. Only a few people survived the accident. 幸存 e.g. Some old traditions still survive in small villages. 留存；继续存在 e.g. He managed to survive the hard times. 熬过；挺过 e.g. Women is said to survive men by 10 years. 比…活得久 23.frog n.蛙，青蛙 24.in turn 相应地，转而 by turns 轮流地，交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 it turns/turned out that… 结果是… e.g. Let’s look after him in turn. 让我们轮流照顾他。 e.g. The land started to get drier , which in turn caused a huge decrease in the amount of vegetation. 土地开始变得干燥，这反过来又导致了植被数量的大量减少。 25.insect n.昆虫 26.microorganism n.微生物 27.break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 1）e.g. My car broke down on the highway this morning , so I was late for work.（机器/车辆）出故障 2）e.g. She broke down completely after working 15 hours a day for two months without proper rest. （身体/精神）垮掉/崩溃 3）e.g. Their marriage broke down gradually because of constant arguments and lack of communication. （关系/谈判）破裂 4）e.g. Leaves and food waste break down naturally over time and become soil fertilizer.（物质）分解 5）e.g. You can break down your monthly study plan into weekly tasks to make it easier to follow. 拆分成小部分 28.nutrient n.营养素，营养物 nutrition n.营养；营养学 nutritional adj.营养的；与营养有关的 nutritional value/needs/information/problem nutritious adj.有营养的；滋补的（形容食物） nutritious eggs/soup/breakfast 29.breathe life into 给…带来起色，注入活力；让…变得生动有趣 e.g. A few potted plants breathe life into this small room. e.g. Her funny stories really breathed life into the boring party. 30.carbon n.碳 31.oxygen n.氧，氧气 32.thus adv.因此，从而；这样 e.g. She missed the bus, thus being late for school. e.g. Regular exercise strengthens our immune system, thus reducing the risk of catching colds and other illnesses. 33.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 disappearance n.消亡；消失丢失 appear vi.出现；出版；（系动词）看来；似乎 appear to do sth. appear to be doing sth. appear to have done sth. appearance n.出版；出现；外貌 34.due to 由于，因为（to介词） due adj.（不用于名词前）预计的；预期的；到期的；欠下的；应给的；适当的 in due course 在适当的时候 due date 到期日 be due to do sth 预计做某事；理应做某事 e.g. The game was cancelled due to bad weather. e.g. Due to his illness, he didn’t go to school. e.g. The plane is due to take off in 10 minutes. e.g. You are due to hand in your homework. 35.agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的 agriculturalist n.农学家；农业技术员 36.cattle n.牛（总称，永远复数，不加s） cow n.母牛；奶牛 bull n.公牛 one/two head of cattle 两头牛 one cow/ bull two cows/ bulls 37.impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vt.＆vi.有影响；冲击 make /have a profound impact on sb. 对某人有深远的影响 impact (on/upon) sth. 冲撞/冲击某物 impact greatly on/ upon sth. (对…)产生巨大影响 38.extinction n.灭绝，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的；消亡的；（火山）死的 go extinct 灭绝 be close to/in danger of/ on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝 39.damage vt.＆n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 damages n.损害赔偿金 damaged adj.受损的；被损坏的 damaging adj.造成损害的；有破坏性的 do/cause damage to… 对…造成损害/破坏 40.climate n.气候；倾向，风气 the economic/social climate 经济形势/社会风气 41.build up 逐渐增加，扩大；增强 ；逐渐积聚 build up wealth /confidence/strength 积累财富/信心/力量 build up pressure/tension 压力/紧张加剧 build up traffic 交通堵塞 build up one’s health恢复健康 42.global adj.全球的；全面的 globe n.地球仪；球状物 the globe 地球；世界 globalize vt. (使)全球化 globalization n.全球化 global warming 全球变暖 43.greenhouse n.温室，暖房 44.gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 (pl. gases/gasses) vi. gas up (sth.) 给（汽车）加油 step on the gas 踩油门 be cooking with gas 如火如荼地进行 45.drought n.旱灾，久旱 dry adj.干的；干燥的；干旱的；枯燥的；冷漠的 vi.使变干 dryer n.烘干机 dry up 擦干；耗尽 a dry voice 冷冰冰的声音 46.come up with 想出，想到 e.g. We need to come up with a new name for our project. 47.call for (公开)要求；需要 e.g. The job calls for patience and good communication skills. e.g. The meeting, called for by the manager ， will be held tomorrow morning. 48.application n.应用，运用；申请 apply v.申请；应用；适用；涂抹 apply for… 申请 apply to…适用于；向…申请 apply … to 把…应用于/涂抹于 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事 applicant n.申请人 applied adj.应用的；实用的 applicable adj.适合的；适用的 applicability n.适用性 appliance n.家用电器 1）e.g.This book focuses on applied skills that we can use at work. 2）e.g. The rules are not applicable to foreign students. 3）e.g. I plan to apply for a part-time job this summer. 4）e.g. The new policy does not apply to small companies. 5）e.g. You can apply to the university through its website. 6）e.g. We should apply what we learn to daily life. 7）e.g. If you apply yourself to learn English，you will improve quickly. 49.brochure n.小册子 50.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize vt.组织；安排；管理 organized adj.有组织的；有条理的 organizer n.组织者 organizational adj.组织方面的；组织上的 51.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其；确实 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 52.belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 vt.用带子系住；痛打；急驰 belted adj.系着带子的；有腰带的 fasten the seat/safety belt 系上安全带 green/industrial belt 绿化带/工业区 the Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议 tighten one’s belt 勒紧腰带过日子；省吃俭用 below the belt 不公正的；伤人的；卑鄙的（源自拳击不能打腰下） e.g. Please belt your coat. e.g. If you do that again，I’ll belt you. e.g. The car belted along the highway. 53.medal n.奖章，勋章 vi. 获得奖牌 medal in the skating 在滑冰项目上获得奖牌 54.image n.形象；图像；意象 imagery n.形象的描述；印象 have a clear image of … 对…有清晰的印象 be the image of sb 酷似某人 55.shark n.鲨鱼 56.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) spring-sprang-sprung spring from sth 起源于…；由…引起 spring up 突然出现/兴起 spring to one’s feet 腾地站起来 e.g. Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。 spring into action 突然行动起来 = jump into action 立刻行动起来 57.whale n.鲸 58.deer n.鹿 (pl.deer) 59.track vt.＆vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 tracking n.跟踪 keep/ lose track of 了解/不了解…对动态；与…保持/失去联系 back on track 步入正轨；恢复正常 on the right /wrong track 思路/做法对头/不对路 track down 追踪到；查到 e.g. I used an app to keep track of my daily expenses. e.g. After a short break， I got my study back on track. e.g. Don’t give up， your learning method is on the right track. e.g. I finally tracked down the book I wanted in a small bookstore. 60.habitat n.生活环境，栖息地 habitable adj.宜居的 inhabit vt. 居住于；栖息于（=live in） inhabitant n.（某地的）居民；栖息动物 61.nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 nowhere near 离…很远；绝不是；远非 get/go nowhere 毫无结果/进展 out of/from nowhere 突然（发生/出现） e.g. This phone is nowhere near as good as the one I had before. e.g. He studied without a plan and his English just went nowhere. e.g. A car appeared out of nowhere and almost hit me. 62.dolphin n.海豚 63.resident n.居民，住户 residence n.住所；居住权；定居 residential adj.居住的；住宅的；寄宿制的 64.chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 (pl. chiefs) chiefly adv.主要地 (=mainly) 65.committee n.委员会 66.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 (=completely /wholly) entire adj.全部的；完全的（=whole/complete） 67.smog n.雾霾，烟雾 68.get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 e.g. We must take effective measures to get rid of the bad habits that have a negative influence on our study and daily life. 69.protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 protester n. 抗议者 in protest 以示抗议 under protest 在抗议；无奈地；不情愿地 protest about/against/at 反对 e.g. She refused to take part in the meeting in protest against/to protest against the unfair decision. e.g. She signed the contract under protest because he had no other choice. e.g. Tom protested that he had nothing to do with the broken window. 70.profit n.利润，收益；好处（反：loss 损失） vi.＆vt.获益，得到好处 profitable adj.赢利的；有好处的 profitless adj.无利润；徒劳的 profitability n.收益；赢利 non-profit adj.非盈利的 There is no profit in doing sth 做某事是徒劳无意的/没有好处的 profit from… 从…中获益/获得好处 profit from the mistakes 从错误中吸取教训 71.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物； 国防；防守(AmE defense) defend v.保护；防护；为…辩解 defender n.捍卫者；防守队员 defensive adj.防御性的；防守的 defend sb from/ against… 保护某人免受… e.g. It is our responsibility to defend those who are weak from being harmed by unfair treatment in society. 72.various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 73.process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 processing n.加工；审核；处理 processor n.加工者；处理器 processed adj.食品经加工的；处理过的 in the process (of) 同时；在…过程中 process the food/application 加工食品；处理申请 a waste processing plant 垃圾处理厂 74.economic adj.经济的；经济上的；可赚钱的 economics n.经济学；经济情况 economical adj.经济实惠的；节约的 economically adv.经济上的；节约的；省钱的 economy n.经济；经济体；经济实惠；节约 economist n.经济学家 economize vi.节约；节省(economise) economize on… 节省(金钱/时间/资源等) be economical with the truth 对真相保留（有意隐瞒或不完全告诉真相） e.g. We have to economize on electricity and water to reduce our monthly household expenses. e.g. He was not exactly lying，but he was clearly economical with the truth. 75.policy n.政策，方针；原则 politics n.政治（学）；（复数）政治观点/见解 political adj.政治的；对政治感兴趣的 politically adv. politician n.政治家；政客 76.branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 vt.分开；分岔 e.g. The road branches at the bottom of the hill. 路在山脚下分岔。 branch off 分岔；改道；岔开（话题） branch out ( into sth. ) 涉足新工作；拓展新业务 77.strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 strategic adj.战略性的；有策略的 strategically adv. 78.recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 recycling n.回收利用 recyclable adj.可回收利用的 recycled adj.再生的；被回收的 e.g. This bottle is made of recyclable plastic. e.g. These notebooks are made of recycled paper. 79.subway n.地铁；地下人行道 80.former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 formerly adv.以前；原来 latter adj.后一半的；后者的 the former/the latter （两者中）前者/后者 81.official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 (反：unofficial adj.) officially adv.官方地；正式地 office n.办公室；办事处；(尤指政府的)重要职务 officer n.官员；军官；警官 82.poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.贫穷的；贫乏的；可伶的；不擅长的 poorly adv.差地；不如意地 be poor at … 不擅长…. There is a poverty of… 极度缺乏…；匮乏… e.g. There is a poverty of colour in her life. 她的生活缺乏色彩。 83.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 poisoning n.中毒 poisonous adj.中毒的；恶毒的 poisonously adv. 84.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 chemist n.化学家；药剂师；药房 chemistry n.化学；化学组成或性质；（两人之间）相互吸引 85.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 consequent adj.(常用于名词前)随之发生的 consequently adv.因此，结果（=therefore） be of little/ no consequence 不重要；无关紧要 (be of consequence重要的) as a consequence /in consequence 结果；因此 as a consequence /in consequence of 由于…的缘故 e.g. She missed the flight and the consequent delay ruined her whole trip. e.g. He stayed up late every night. As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently，he felt tired all day long. (as a result) e.g. He lost his job as a consequence of his careless mistakes. (as a result of ) 86.give rise to 使发生(或存在) rise/rose/risen rise to 能够处理 (to 都是介词) rising adj.上升的；兴起的 a rising star in the cinema 影坛新星 rise to the challenge 迎难而上 e.g. Poor communication can give rise to misunderstanding between friends. 87.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进(promote/ boost/advance) e.g. We need further discussion before we make a decision. e.g. I can’t walk any further. e.g. Talking online courses and reading widely can not only improve your knowledge but also further your personal development in the future. $