专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇（南通专用）（中考模拟真题速递）-2026年中考英语模拟真题速递

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读分层突破，通过基础与重难语篇分类训练，提升语言理解与思维分析能力，契合中考高频考点。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|5篇（如机器人手、蜜蜂生态）|以细节理解、简单主旨为主，选项干扰性低|从日常科技、自然现象切入，构建说明文基本阅读框架，培养信息定位能力| |重难语篇练习|5篇（如慢时尚、社交媒体政策）|含推理判断、深层主旨题，选项辨析度高|拓展至复杂社会议题，深化逻辑分析与跨文化理解，衔接中考难题思维要求|

专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （南通专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 16-year-old Jared Lepora from the UK has created a robotic arm that imitates the natural movements of a human hand using only ready-made Lego Mindstorms parts. He showcased this invention at the 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems in Hangzhou, China. The teenager co-authored research recently published along with colleagues including his father Nathan Lepora, a professor of robotics and artificial intelligence at the University of Bristol. Jared used Lego Mindstorms, a Lego robotics kit, to build a Lego version of SoftHand-A, a 3D-printed robot hand introduced in an earlier study. “My dad has always been working on robotics. He designs robotic systems with complicated mechanisms, that have lots of real-world applications,” Jared said: “My goal was to create an educational design which shows professional mechanisms in a simple educational way understandable by children.” The design is a playful interpretation of a serious line of robotics research. It is based on the Pisa/IIT SoftHand model, a world-leading development in soft robotics that uses a single tendon (肌腱) system to coordinate finger movements. Jared adapted this concept for educational purposes, replacing the 3D-printed parts and metal bearings with standard Lego components and over 100 plastic Lego bearings. Despite its toy origins, the Lego SoftHand performs remarkably well. Lab tests have shown that it can grip objects with about 90% of the force of a professional 3D-printed SoftHand, and perform open-close cycles in about one second. Since the hand can be constructed from Lego pieces and uses state-of-the-art design concepts for robotic hands, it has the potential to educate and inspire children to learn about the frontiers of modern robotics. “My generation and younger are the future of robotics, so it is essential that we understand and take interest in this field,” Jared says. “Building a robot hand with your own hands is a great way to learn about robotics.” 1．What can be learned about Jared from the first two paragraphs? A．He has an inquiring mind. B．He is keen on cutting-edge tech. C．He is fond of Lego bricks. D．He excels at hands-on projects. 2．What is Jared’s design like? A．Rare and mind-blowing. B．User-friendly and informative. C．Creative and educational. D．Cost-effective and professional. 3．What is the basis for Jared’s design? A．A novel concept of movements. B．Earlier research of Lego robotics. C．An advanced model in soft robotics. D．The availability of Lego components. 4．What message does the text mainly convey? A．Professional tech can be simplified for education. B．Family inspiration fuels scientific innovation. C．Hands-on practice matters in tech learning. D．Think outside the Lego box for tech education. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了英国16岁少年Jared Lepora利用乐高积木制作出一款高性能仿生机械手的故事。 1．第一段提到Jared“created a robotic arm…using only ready-made Lego Mindstorms parts”，第二段提到他“co-authored research”。这说明他不仅动手实践能力强，还具备科研素养，在动手项目上表现出色。 2．第四段“The design is a playful interpretation of a serious line of robotics research…replacing the 3D-printed parts and metal bearings with standard Lego components and over 100 plastic Lego bearings.”以及第三段指出“My goal was to create an educational design which shows professional mechanisms in a simple educational way understandable by children.”可知，Jared的设计既将专业的机械结构进行了趣味化呈现，又专为儿童设计，具有创意性和教育性。 3．第四段指出“It is based on the Pisa/Ⅱ T SoftHand model, a world-leading development in soft robotics that uses a single tendon system to coordinate finger movements.”，Jared的设计基础是软机器人领域的先进模型。 4．前三段引出Jared的发明，第四段详细说明设计基础，最后一段强调“My generation and younger are the future of robotics…Building a robot hand with your own hands is a great way to learn about robotics.”，核心在于强调专业技术可以简化为教育工具，用于科普和学习。 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment.The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens.Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the chickens happier and healthier. 1．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken (t for time; s for sound volume音量) A． B． C． D． 2．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 3．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To show a possible use in farming with animals’ feelings. B．To prove animals have similar feelings like humans. C．To describe different sounds that chickens are able to make. D．To tell how easily humans can understand animals’ feelings. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于鸡的情感表达的新研究。研究发现人类可以通过聆听鸡的叫声来判断它们是快乐还是悲伤，这项发现有望应用于养殖业，帮助农民更好地了解鸡的感受，从而改善它们的健康和福利。 1．根据文章第二段中的描述“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到食物时，它们会发出快速且响亮的声音。选项D的声波图显示了频率高（波形密集）且振幅大（波峰高，代表音量大）的特点，符合“fast and loud”的描述。 2．根据文章第三段中的描述“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not...”可知，研究人员将录制的鸡叫声播放给志愿者听，志愿者通过“听”鸡的叫声来帮助研究，判断鸡的情绪。 3．根据文章最后一段提到的“smart computer program”和“chickens’ feelings”可知，科学家正在开发一种智能程序来“识别”或“判断”鸡的情感。Identify在此处意为“识别、辨认”，与Recognize意思相近。Control意为“控制”，Hide意为“隐藏”，Hurt意为“伤害”，均不符合语境。 4．文章最后一段明确指出了这项研究的应用前景：“Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising...This is good news for farmers who want to make the chickens happier and healthier.”这表明文章的主要目的是展示这项关于动物情感的研究在农业养殖方面的潜在用途。 Our kids are the future. They have the right to learn about our country. It is your responsibility, as a parent, to make sure your kids know about the economy. Here are some tips to help you teach your kids about economy. Join Learning Activities. One of the best ways to teach a child something is to develop his brain with fun activities. The game of Monopoly (大富翁) is a great way to explain the simple knowledge of finances (金融). Your local library may also have fun activities or books that can help you teach your child about the economy. Have Daily Conversations. Repetition is the key to learning about the economy. At first, you should talk about its rules, such as how money works or how loans (贷款) work. After that, you can explain some important terms (术语) and why they are important. Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation. Your children will have a hard time to understand difficult words and sentences. You need to do your best to explain things in very simple words and terms. It can help children understand easily. Take Your Kids on Field Trips. Sometimes, the best way to learn something is to see it. For example, if you take your kids to a museum of American history, you can show them how different the economy was at different times in the nation’s history. 1．What is the best way for parents to develop their children’s brain in a fun way? A．Join Learning Activities. B．Have Daily Conversations. C．Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation. D．Take Your Kids on Field Trips. 2．The underlined word “that” refers to ________. A．repeating important terms B．talking about the rules C．explaining important terms D．having conversations with kids 3．What can parents do to help their kids understand better, according to the material? A．Play fun games with them or read books to them. B．Say the most important information at first. C．Explain difficult words in a clear and simple way. D．Tell them more useful information. 4．What can we learn from the material? A．The game of Monopoly is of little help in understanding the economy. B．Children should learn terms about the economy before knowing the rules. C．Parents should make a great effort in dealing with their kids’ questions. D．Different periods of time in history had the same economy. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了家长可以通过参与趣味学习活动、日常交流、简单解答问题、实地参观这四种方法，引导孩子学习了解经济相关知识。 1．小标题“Join Learning Activities.”中指出：“One of the best ways to teach a child something is to develop his brain with fun activities.”，本段对应方法为参与学习活动，由此证明以趣味方式开发孩子大脑的最佳方式是参与学习活动。 2．小标题“Have Daily Conversations.”指出：“At first, you should talk about its rules... After that, you can explain some important terms...”，先是谈论规则，之后再解释术语，因此that指代前文的谈论规则。 3．小标题“Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation.”指出：“You need to do your best to explain things in very simple words and terms.”，说明家长要用简洁易懂的话语解释内容，帮助孩子更好理解。 4．小标题“Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation.”指出：“You need to do your best to explain things in very simple words and terms.”，体现家长要用心解答孩子问题。 Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? You might even feel unsure, wondering why these common foods are missing. At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (授粉). They fly around from morning till night, never stopping for a long rest. On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants grow. In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard together to make their homes. Every bee in the group has a special job to do, like collecting food or caring for young bees. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Different dances mean different messages, which is quite amazing. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem (生态系统) of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Pollution and loss of their living places are main reasons for this. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking scientists about bees’ role. B．By introducing the living habits of bees. C．By describing the scene in a supermarket. D．By explaining the importance of bees directly. 2．What is the most important work of bees? A．Making honey for humans. B．Building honeycombs for their homes. C．Pollinating flowers to help plants grow. D．Communicating with other bees through dances. 3．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The interesting living habits of bees. B．The ways to protect bees in our daily life. C．The relationship between bees and other animals. D．The important role of bees and the need to protect them. 4．Where can we read this passage? A．In a novel. B．In a magazine. C．In a storybook. D．In a history book. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文先介绍了蜜蜂在生态中的重要作用、蜜蜂的有趣特点，最后指出蜜蜂数量正在减少，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。 1．文章开头作者假想了“Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area”你去家附近的超市，却几乎找不到常见蔬果蛋奶等食物的场景，由此引出蜜蜂和生态关联的主题，因此作者是通过描述超市场景开篇的。 2．根据原文第二段“their greatest work is pollination...This action helps plants grow”可知，蜜蜂最重要的工作是给花朵授粉，帮助植物生长。 3．全文先介绍了蜜蜂在生态中的重要作用、蜜蜂的有趣特点，最后指出蜜蜂数量正在减少，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂，核心主旨是蜜蜂的重要作用，以及人类需要保护蜜蜂。 4．这是一篇介绍蜜蜂的科普类文章，最可能刊登在杂志上。 If you were born in the 2000s, you are called the oh-ohs. Maybe you feel proud of yourselves? But what do other people think about your generation? Some adults think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phones so much. They wonder how you will deal with school, friends and family. Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (溺爱) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help their children with a busy program. Because of this, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s. Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. More young people volunteer to help their neighborhoods. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights of going to school in poor areas. So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. Chances are that you do great and laugh out loud. 1．Which of the following is an oh-oh? A．A girl who is good-looking. B．A girl who is smart. C．A boy who was born in 1999. D．A boy who was born in 2004. 2．The oh-ohs are thought of as the “face-down generation” because they ________. A．use their phones too much B．need to study hard in school C．are interested in younger friends D．are more creative than their parents 3．What do “helicopter parents” do for their children? A．They help them to face the challenges. B．They do the homework instead of them. C．They guide and plan everything for them. D．They keep them away from after-school activities. 4．The underlined word “rights” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________. A．somebody that leads a community B．somebody that looks after teenagers C．something that people volunteer to do D．something that people are allowed to do 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了“00 后”（oh-ohs）这一代人的特点，讨论了成年人对他们的看法，同时也指出了这一代人受教育程度更高、更具创造力等优点。 1．第一段指出：“If you were born in the 2000s, you are called the oh-ohs.”，直接说明出生在2000 年代的人被称为“oh-ohs”，因此2004年出生的男孩属于该群体。 2．第二段提到：“Some adults think of you as the ‘face-down generation’ because you use your phones so much.”，明确指出“低头族”的称呼是因为他们使用手机太多。 3．第三段提到：“They were always there to guide and help their children with a busy program.”，说明“直升机父母”总是为孩子指导和安排一切，对应选项C“他们为孩子指导和计划所有事情”。 4．第四段提到“pushing girls’ rights of going to school in poor areas”，指的是推动贫困地区女孩上学的权利，“rights”意为“权利”，即人们被允许做的事，对应选项D“something that people are allowed to do”。 ①The early histories of many African countries are not certain. Ancient people didn’t write down things that happened. Instead, the older people told stories to the younger people. This is how history was passed down. Here is the story of a great king — Gihanga. ②Rwanda is a country near lots of big lakes and forests. A long time ago, there were lots of small towns in this place. But the people in these small towns had simple ways of living, with little technology to help them. Back then, there was no country, no “Rwanda” in the world. ③Gihanga is thought to have spent his childhood in different locations in Central Africa. It was said that his father was a man of wealth and ability. Gihanga learned a lot from his father. He knew how to use metal to make things, like shoes for horses. People thought he was a clever boy. ④Thanks to Gihanga’s great mind, many people fell in love with him. He is believed to have discovered fire, invented new ways of farming and building, and made new objects from metal. All of these things were introduced to local people to improve their lives. Besides all this, he may have also founded the country of Rwanda, made laws and spread religion. ⑤But can we be sure all this is true? The story of Gihanga has been told for thousands of years. How much of the story might have changed? Can we even be sure Gihanga existed at all? 1．What is Rwanda like now according to the passage? A．There are lots of small towns. B．The people in the small towns have simple ways of living. C．The people in Rwanda know little technology. D．It is a country near lots of big lakes and forests. 2．How many achievements is Gihanga believed to have achieved in Paragraph 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．The last paragraph is written to show that ________. A．people all believe the story is a true one B．the author thinks the story has really happened C．the author is not sure whether the story has really happened D．stories that have been told thousands of years are believable 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The story of Rwanda — An old country in Africa B．The story of Gihanga — A great king who created Rwanda C．The early history of one African country D．How history was passed down in Africa 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了非洲卢旺达的早期历史背景，讲述了传说中伟大的国王Gihanga的相关事迹，并对该传说的真实性提出了疑问。 1．第二段提到“Rwanda is a country near lots of big lakes and forests.”，A、B、C选项描述的是卢旺达过去的情况，并非现在。 2．根据第四段中“He is believed to have discovered fire, invented new ways of farming and building, and made new objects from metal.”可知，据相信，Gihanga发现了火，发明了新的耕作和建筑方法，并用金属制造了新的物体。一共提到了三个成就。 3．最后一段提到“But can we be sure all this is true? The story of Gihanga has been told for thousands of years. How much of the story might have changed? Can we even be sure Gihanga existed at all?”，可知作者不确定这个故事是否真实发生过。 4．文章围绕Gihanga这位伟大国王的故事展开，介绍了他的事迹以及他与卢旺达的关联，因此最佳标题是“Gihanga的故事——创建卢旺达的伟大国王”。 Huawei, which rose rapidly to become the world’s third largest smart phone maker, is aiming to narrow the gap with the market leaders Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics. But the company also faces challenges after losing its top spot in China, the world’s biggest market, to new competitor Oppo last year. In a company meeting, Huawei Group founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei asked all employees (员工) to work hard. “Or the company will fall apart,” he said. “Young strong men don’t work hard, but just want to count money in bed. Is that possible?” Ren said. “Huawei will not pay those that don’t work hard.” “Everybody is nervous,” said a 36-year-old engineer in the Group. “We are now all thinking more of the next steps, realizing permanent employment (雇佣) with the company is no longer possible.” “In 2017, we will try to improve efficiency (效率) and profitability (利润) by focusing on organizations at all levels, every employee, and every detail, and strictly control costs and risks to make sure of the development,” Yu Chengdong said. “We can’t stand low-performing managers who fail to make great improvements after working in a position for several years.” Huawei spent some money on international marketing events, getting footballer Lionel Messi and Hollywood stars Scarlett Johansson and Henry Cavill as spokespersons “We are not spending too much on marketing,” Yu said. “Instead, we will spend more money on technology and innovation (创新), and services.” 1．How many famous brands of smart phones are mentioned in the passage? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 2．The underlined word “permanent” means “________” in Paragraph 4. A．永久的 B．低薪的 C．断续的 D．重视的 3．Huawei invited all the following famous people EXCEPT________ as spokesmen. A．Lionel Messi B．Leonardo DiCaprio C．Scarlett Johansson D．Henry Cavill 4．Which of the following will Huawei do to make sure of the development in Yu Chengdong’s opinion? ①Focusing on organizations at all levels, every employee, and every detail. ②Strictly controlling costs and risks. ③Employing any young strong man. ④Spending very much on marketing. ⑤Spending more money on technology and innovation, and services. A．①②③ B．②④⑤ C．①②⑤ D．①③⑤ 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了华为公司面临的市场竞争压力、任正非对员工的要求、公司的发展规划以及营销与研发投入的相关情况。 1．第一段提到了Huawei、Apple Inc.、Samsung Electronics、Oppo四个智能手机品牌。 2．第四段提到“realizing permanent employment with the company is no longer possible”，结合前文任正非要求员工努力工作、不养懒人的内容，可知“永久雇佣”不再可能，“permanent”意为“永久的”。 3．倒数第二段提到华为邀请了Lionel Messi、Scarlett Johansson、Henry Cavill作为代言人，其中不包含Leonardo DiCaprio。 4．第五段提到华为要“focusing on organizations at all levels, every employee, and every detail, and strictly control costs and risks”，最后一段提到“we will spend more money on technology and innovation, and services”，对应①②⑤。 What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When recalling these things, you are using episodic memory (情境记忆)—the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does the brain avoid mixing up these memories? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles believe it’s thanks to a “memory reset button” in the brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps the brain organize and separate memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, simple tones were played repeatedly, first in one ear and then a different tone in the other ear. The change in tone was meant to transform the “context” and create what is known as an event boundary. According to previous research from Kansas State University, event boundaries help the brain organize episodic memory by changing our perception and attention. Have you ever walked into a room and suddenly forgotten what you intended to do? That’s exactly the effect of an “event boundary”—entering or exiting a room—at work. After the experiment, the scientists tested the volunteers’ memory for the order of the pictures. The results showed that when a series of pictures crossed an event boundary, it was harder to remember their sequence. This suggests that the change in sound made the brain store memories separately. Additionally, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research found that another brain region, the hippocampus (海马体), helps form episodic memory by linking events that are close in time and separating those farther apart. But what signal tells the hippocampus when to switch modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may send a key ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re entering a new event now’,” explained Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. This new discovery could lead to better treatments for memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease in which the locus coeruleus tends to be overactive. By using medication, slow breathing, or even stress balls to suppress locus coeruleus activity, it may be possible to help control the condition. 1．What was the purpose of playing different tones in the experiment? A．To create real-life situations. B．To mark a change to a new context. C．To test volunteers’ hearing ability. D．To increase the difficulty of the task. 2．What did the MRI scans reveal about the locus coeruleus during the experiment? A．It showed higher activity at event boundaries. B．It controlled volunteers’ memory recall order. C．It sent signals to the hippocampus regularly. D．It helped link pictures to specific sounds. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The clinical value of the memory research. B．The limitations of the small-scale experiment. C．The difficulty of treating memory-related disease. D．The potential applications of the research findings. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The brain’s memory reset button. B．Organizing memory in the brain. C．Two key brain regions for memory. D．A new discovery for Alzheimer’s. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校的科学家关于大脑记忆机制的新发现。 1．第三段指出“The change in tone was meant to transform the ‘context’ and create what is known as an event boundary.”，实验中播放不同音调的目的是标记新情境的变化，创造事件边界。 2．第五段指出“Additionally, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise.”，MRI扫描显示，蓝斑核在事件边界处表现出更高的活跃度。 3．最后一段指出“This new discovery could lead to better treatments for memory-related disorders…it may be possible to help control the condition.”，本段主要介绍了这一研究发现的潜在应用，包括对记忆相关疾病的治疗等。 4．第二段指出“Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles believe it’s thanks to a ‘memory reset button’ in the brainstem.”以及全文围绕蓝斑核这一“记忆重置按钮”展开的研究可知，“The brain’s memory reset button”最能概括文章核心。 重难语篇练习 Denica Riadini-Flesch, 34, is leading a quiet revolution in the fashion world. She founded SukkhaCitta, a slow-fashion brand that partners with hundreds of farmers and artisans (工匠) on Java and neighboring islands in Indonesia. Every piece of fabric in the brand’s collection is made completely from plants. The entire process, from seed to clothes, takes about 60 to 180 days. The slow-fashion movement has arisen in opposition to the values of fast fashion. The fast-fashion approach relies on factories and often harms both workers and the environment. Riadini-Flesch believes that the “farm to closet” model can help consumers see how their choices directly affect people and the Earth. Her journey started with a desire to use her own knowledge to uplift others and protect the planet. In Indonesia, about 24 million people, many of whom live in rural villages, still struggle to make a living wage. Growing up in Jakarta, Riadini-Flesch experienced the country’s deep-rooted inequality and studied development economics in college. When she began traveling the countryside in 2013, she met three batik artisans in a village near Tuban, in East Java. They told her that the ancient craft they had learned from their mothers was at risk. With limited resources, the artisans had switched to cheaper chemical dyes that burned their lungs. Even then, they could not compete with factories. In the months that followed, Riadini-Flesch saw how the modern fashion supply chain affected farmers as well. They had replaced cotton with monoculture crops like corn, harming the soil, plants, and wildlife. Both of these age-old practices were deeply rooted in village life; they just needed to be restored. Slow fashion, she realized, could be a powerful tool for change. Although she only had $2,000, Riadini-Flesch put that money into paying the batik artisans a living wage. This allowed her to create her first sample: a bandanna she called butterfly. By 2019, three years after its founding, the company had drawn enough interest from residents near Tuban to open its first craft school. There, artisans can teach batik to younger generations and farmers can learn about regenerative ways to grow cotton. Villagers are now using a traditional technique that lets multiple plants grow together and nourish each other. The technique allows rural Indonesians to grow cotton for SukkhaCitta while providing more food for their families. Over the past four years, SukkhaCitta has opened four more craft schools, launched a platform for sourcing its regenerative materials, and partnered with 11 villages. So far, the brand has helped communities restore roughly 118 acres of formerly commercial farmland, which has improved the lives of 1,500 people. One thing SukkhaCitta rejects is following traditional seasonal fashion calendars and overworking either the artisans or the land. “You cannot have infinite growth on a finite planet,” Riadini-Flesch says. This is wisdom shared by the artisans, who also taught her another inspiring philosophy: “Urip Iku Urup.” We live to bring light. 1．Compared with fast-fashion brands, SukkhaCitta ________. A．reduces costs by simplifying production process B．involves consumers directly in the clothes making C．gives priority to handcraft and sustainable farming D．uses clothing to raise awareness about social issues 2．Why did Riadini-Flesch establish craft schools in rural Indonesia? A．To train workers to replace imported fabrics with local ones. B．To prepare rural youth for careers in the global fashion industry. C．To teach the artisans how to produce faster and compete with factories. D．To ensure the survival of traditional skills and eco-friendly agriculture. 3．What guiding principle does Riadini-Flesch emphasize in managing SukkhaCitta? A．Preserving traditional methods and rejecting adaptations. B．Following seasonal fashion cycles to meet market demand. C．Respecting ecological limits and valuing artisans’ well-being. D．Expanding production to compete with global fast-fashion brands. 4．Which of the following best describes Riadini-Flesch? A．An ambitious designer. B．An old-fashioned leader. C．A profit-driven woman. D．A visionary change-maker. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Denica Riadini-Flesch创立慢时尚品牌SukkhaCitta的故事。 1．第二段“The fast-fashion approach relies on factories and often harms both workers and the environment.”以及第四段指出“modern fashion supply chain affected farmers as well. They had replaced cotton with monoculture crops like corn, harming the soil, plants, and wildlife.”，快时尚依赖工厂、破坏环境与资源；而SukkhaCitta与工匠合作、采用植物面料、回归传统种植模式，优先考虑手工工艺和可持续农业。 2．第五段指出“open its first craft school. There, artisans can teach batik to younger generations and farmers can learn about regenerative ways to grow cotton.”，开设工艺学校是为了让年轻一代学习传统蜡染工艺，同时让农民学习生态种植技术，以此保障传统技艺与环保农业的传承。 3．最后一段指出“SukkhaCitta rejects…overworking either the artisans or the land. ‘You cannot have infinite growth on a finite planet,’ Riadini-Flesch says.”，品牌的核心原则是尊重生态极限，同时保障工匠的合理收入，不过度压榨土地资源。 4．综合全文，Riadini-Flesch 发现快时尚的危害后，创立SukkhaCitta改变行业现状，兼顾环保、民生与传统技艺传承，具有前瞻性和变革精神。D选项“有远见的变革者”最能概括其形象。 ①Two big news stories in December 2025 caught teenagers’ attention worldwide: Australia’s new social media ban (禁止) and China’s rocket launch with student-made satellites. These events show how the world is changing for young people, pushing them to think about the balance between virtual and real life, and the power of scientific exploration. ②On December 10, 2025, Australia became the first country to ban social media for anyone under 16. The government said this ban aims to protect teens’ mental health. Studies found 70% of Australian teens aged 10-15 had seen harmful content online, and half had faced cyberbullying. Social media companies like TikTok and Facebook must stop under-16s from having accounts, or they could be fined up to 50 million Australian dollars (about 232 million yuan). However, checking users’ ages is a big challenge. Some platforms use ID checks, while others use AI to analyze user behavior—but experts say these methods aren’t always accurate (精准) for teens around 16. Even worse, some teens may find ways to get around the ban, such as borrowing their parents’ accounts, which makes the rule hard to enforce (执行). ③Meanwhile, China made teenagers’ space dreams come true on the same day. The Lijian-1 Y11 rocket successfully sent nine satellites into space, including Slipers 2 Sat designed by 9 Nepali junior high students. These students got scholarships and strict engineering training to join the satellite project. The satellite will be used for water monitoring (监测) and earthquake prediction, tasks that are closely connected to people’s daily lives and safety. Chinese scientists said the project not only completes an international task but also helps young people touch the boundaries of science, inspiring more teens to fall in love with STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) subjects. ④Across the world, more countries are making rules for teens’ social media use. Denmark plans to ban social media for under-15s in 2026, while Singapore has banned smartphones in middle schools. These changes make people think deeply: how can teens balance online life and real-world growth? Whether it’s staying away from harmful online content or chasing science dreams, the future is in young people’s hands. It is up to teenagers to decide whether to let technology control them, or to use technology as a tool to improve themselves. 1．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the Australian social media ban has been completely successful B．the Nepali students’ satellite is useless for people’s daily life C．teens may use their parents’ accounts to get around the social media ban D．China’s rocket launch is the only one that carries student-made satellites 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Singapore will ban social media for under-15s in 2026. B．The Nepali students received engineering training for the satellite project. C．Australia fines social media companies 232 million yuan for every violation (违法). D．The Lijian-1 Y11 rocket sent only one satellite designed by Nepali students into space. 3．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To explain why social media is harmful to teenagers worldwide B．To explain why teenagers should stay away from social media completely C．To prove that Singapore’s smartphone ban is better than Australia’s social media ban D．To show different countries’ rules on teens’ online activities and raise a thought-provoking (发人深思的) question 4．Which of the following is the best way to divide the passage? A．①/②③/④ B．①②/③/④ C．①/②/③④ D．①②/③④ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文围绕2025年12月两条青少年关注的新闻（澳大利亚社交媒体禁令、中国搭载学生卫星的火箭发射），介绍了不同国家对青少年数字生活的管理政策，引发关于青少年平衡虚拟与现实生活的思考。 1．根据原文“some teens may find ways to get around the ban, such as borrowing their parents’ accounts”，可知青少年可能借用父母账号规避社交媒体禁令。 2．第3段“These students got scholarships and strict engineering training to join the satellite project”，可知尼泊尔学生为参与卫星项目接受了工程培训。 3．第4段介绍了不同国家对青少年数字生活的管理规则（如新加坡禁中学生用手机），随后提出“how can teens balance online life and real-world growth?”这一发人深思的问题。 4．文章结构：①总起，引出两条新闻；②介绍澳大利亚社交媒体禁令；③介绍中国火箭发射（学生卫星）；④总结不同国家政策并引发思考。对应①/②③/④的分段方式。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （南通专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 16-year-old Jared Lepora from the UK has created a robotic arm that imitates the natural movements of a human hand using only ready-made Lego Mindstorms parts. He showcased this invention at the 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems in Hangzhou, China. The teenager co-authored research recently published along with colleagues including his father Nathan Lepora, a professor of robotics and artificial intelligence at the University of Bristol. Jared used Lego Mindstorms, a Lego robotics kit, to build a Lego version of SoftHand-A, a 3D-printed robot hand introduced in an earlier study. “My dad has always been working on robotics. He designs robotic systems with complicated mechanisms, that have lots of real-world applications,” Jared said: “My goal was to create an educational design which shows professional mechanisms in a simple educational way understandable by children.” The design is a playful interpretation of a serious line of robotics research. It is based on the Pisa/IIT SoftHand model, a world-leading development in soft robotics that uses a single tendon (肌腱) system to coordinate finger movements. Jared adapted this concept for educational purposes, replacing the 3D-printed parts and metal bearings with standard Lego components and over 100 plastic Lego bearings. Despite its toy origins, the Lego SoftHand performs remarkably well. Lab tests have shown that it can grip objects with about 90% of the force of a professional 3D-printed SoftHand, and perform open-close cycles in about one second. Since the hand can be constructed from Lego pieces and uses state-of-the-art design concepts for robotic hands, it has the potential to educate and inspire children to learn about the frontiers of modern robotics. “My generation and younger are the future of robotics, so it is essential that we understand and take interest in this field,” Jared says. “Building a robot hand with your own hands is a great way to learn about robotics.” 1．What can be learned about Jared from the first two paragraphs? A．He has an inquiring mind. B．He is keen on cutting-edge tech. C．He is fond of Lego bricks. D．He excels at hands-on projects. 2．What is Jared’s design like? A．Rare and mind-blowing. B．User-friendly and informative. C．Creative and educational. D．Cost-effective and professional. 3．What is the basis for Jared’s design? A．A novel concept of movements. B．Earlier research of Lego robotics. C．An advanced model in soft robotics. D．The availability of Lego components. 4．What message does the text mainly convey? A．Professional tech can be simplified for education. B．Family inspiration fuels scientific innovation. C．Hands-on practice matters in tech learning. D．Think outside the Lego box for tech education. People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment.The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens.Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the chickens happier and healthier. 1．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken (t for time; s for sound volume音量) A． B． C． D． 2．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 3．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To show a possible use in farming with animals’ feelings. B．To prove animals have similar feelings like humans. C．To describe different sounds that chickens are able to make. D．To tell how easily humans can understand animals’ feelings. Our kids are the future. They have the right to learn about our country. It is your responsibility, as a parent, to make sure your kids know about the economy. Here are some tips to help you teach your kids about economy. Join Learning Activities. One of the best ways to teach a child something is to develop his brain with fun activities. The game of Monopoly (大富翁) is a great way to explain the simple knowledge of finances (金融). Your local library may also have fun activities or books that can help you teach your child about the economy. Have Daily Conversations. Repetition is the key to learning about the economy. At first, you should talk about its rules, such as how money works or how loans (贷款) work. After that, you can explain some important terms (术语) and why they are important. Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation. Your children will have a hard time to understand difficult words and sentences. You need to do your best to explain things in very simple words and terms. It can help children understand easily. Take Your Kids on Field Trips. Sometimes, the best way to learn something is to see it. For example, if you take your kids to a museum of American history, you can show them how different the economy was at different times in the nation’s history. 1．What is the best way for parents to develop their children’s brain in a fun way? A．Join Learning Activities. B．Have Daily Conversations. C．Answer Every Question with a Simple Explanation. D．Take Your Kids on Field Trips. 2．The underlined word “that” refers to ________. A．repeating important terms B．talking about the rules C．explaining important terms D．having conversations with kids 3．What can parents do to help their kids understand better, according to the material? A．Play fun games with them or read books to them. B．Say the most important information at first. C．Explain difficult words in a clear and simple way. D．Tell them more useful information. 4．What can we learn from the material? A．The game of Monopoly is of little help in understanding the economy. B．Children should learn terms about the economy before knowing the rules. C．Parents should make a great effort in dealing with their kids’ questions. D．Different periods of time in history had the same economy. Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? You might even feel unsure, wondering why these common foods are missing. At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (授粉). They fly around from morning till night, never stopping for a long rest. On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants grow. In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard together to make their homes. Every bee in the group has a special job to do, like collecting food or caring for young bees. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Different dances mean different messages, which is quite amazing. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem (生态系统) of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Pollution and loss of their living places are main reasons for this. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking scientists about bees’ role. B．By introducing the living habits of bees. C．By describing the scene in a supermarket. D．By explaining the importance of bees directly. 2．What is the most important work of bees? A．Making honey for humans. B．Building honeycombs for their homes. C．Pollinating flowers to help plants grow. D．Communicating with other bees through dances. 3．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The interesting living habits of bees. B．The ways to protect bees in our daily life. C．The relationship between bees and other animals. D．The important role of bees and the need to protect them. 4．Where can we read this passage? A．In a novel. B．In a magazine. C．In a storybook. D．In a history book. If you were born in the 2000s, you are called the oh-ohs. Maybe you feel proud of yourselves? But what do other people think about your generation? Some adults think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phones so much. They wonder how you will deal with school, friends and family. Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (溺爱) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help their children with a busy program. Because of this, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s. Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. More young people volunteer to help their neighborhoods. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights of going to school in poor areas. So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. Chances are that you do great and laugh out loud. 1．Which of the following is an oh-oh? A．A girl who is good-looking. B．A girl who is smart. C．A boy who was born in 1999. D．A boy who was born in 2004. 2．The oh-ohs are thought of as the “face-down generation” because they ________. A．use their phones too much B．need to study hard in school C．are interested in younger friends D．are more creative than their parents 3．What do “helicopter parents” do for their children? A．They help them to face the challenges. B．They do the homework instead of them. C．They guide and plan everything for them. D．They keep them away from after-school activities. 4．The underlined word “rights” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________. A．somebody that leads a community B．somebody that looks after teenagers C．something that people volunteer to do D．something that people are allowed to do ①The early histories of many African countries are not certain. Ancient people didn’t write down things that happened. Instead, the older people told stories to the younger people. This is how history was passed down. Here is the story of a great king — Gihanga. ②Rwanda is a country near lots of big lakes and forests. A long time ago, there were lots of small towns in this place. But the people in these small towns had simple ways of living, with little technology to help them. Back then, there was no country, no “Rwanda” in the world. ③Gihanga is thought to have spent his childhood in different locations in Central Africa. It was said that his father was a man of wealth and ability. Gihanga learned a lot from his father. He knew how to use metal to make things, like shoes for horses. People thought he was a clever boy. ④Thanks to Gihanga’s great mind, many people fell in love with him. He is believed to have discovered fire, invented new ways of farming and building, and made new objects from metal. All of these things were introduced to local people to improve their lives. Besides all this, he may have also founded the country of Rwanda, made laws and spread religion. ⑤But can we be sure all this is true? The story of Gihanga has been told for thousands of years. How much of the story might have changed? Can we even be sure Gihanga existed at all? 1．What is Rwanda like now according to the passage? A．There are lots of small towns. B．The people in the small towns have simple ways of living. C．The people in Rwanda know little technology. D．It is a country near lots of big lakes and forests. 2．How many achievements is Gihanga believed to have achieved in Paragraph 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．The last paragraph is written to show that ________. A．people all believe the story is a true one B．the author thinks the story has really happened C．the author is not sure whether the story has really happened D．stories that have been told thousands of years are believable 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The story of Rwanda — An old country in Africa B．The story of Gihanga — A great king who created Rwanda C．The early history of one African country D．How history was passed down in Africa Huawei, which rose rapidly to become the world’s third largest smart phone maker, is aiming to narrow the gap with the market leaders Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics. But the company also faces challenges after losing its top spot in China, the world’s biggest market, to new competitor Oppo last year. In a company meeting, Huawei Group founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei asked all employees (员工) to work hard. “Or the company will fall apart,” he said. “Young strong men don’t work hard, but just want to count money in bed. Is that possible?” Ren said. “Huawei will not pay those that don’t work hard.” “Everybody is nervous,” said a 36-year-old engineer in the Group. “We are now all thinking more of the next steps, realizing permanent employment (雇佣) with the company is no longer possible.” “In 2017, we will try to improve efficiency (效率) and profitability (利润) by focusing on organizations at all levels, every employee, and every detail, and strictly control costs and risks to make sure of the development,” Yu Chengdong said. “We can’t stand low-performing managers who fail to make great improvements after working in a position for several years.” Huawei spent some money on international marketing events, getting footballer Lionel Messi and Hollywood stars Scarlett Johansson and Henry Cavill as spokespersons “We are not spending too much on marketing,” Yu said. “Instead, we will spend more money on technology and innovation (创新), and services.” 1．How many famous brands of smart phones are mentioned in the passage? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 2．The underlined word “permanent” means “________” in Paragraph 4. A．永久的 B．低薪的 C．断续的 D．重视的 3．Huawei invited all the following famous people EXCEPT________ as spokesmen. A．Lionel Messi B．Leonardo DiCaprio C．Scarlett Johansson D．Henry Cavill 4．Which of the following will Huawei do to make sure of the development in Yu Chengdong’s opinion? ①Focusing on organizations at all levels, every employee, and every detail. ②Strictly controlling costs and risks. ③Employing any young strong man. ④Spending very much on marketing. ⑤Spending more money on technology and innovation, and services. A．①②③ B．②④⑤ C．①②⑤ D．①③⑤ What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When recalling these things, you are using episodic memory (情境记忆)—the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does the brain avoid mixing up these memories? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles believe it’s thanks to a “memory reset button” in the brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps the brain organize and separate memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, simple tones were played repeatedly, first in one ear and then a different tone in the other ear. The change in tone was meant to transform the “context” and create what is known as an event boundary. According to previous research from Kansas State University, event boundaries help the brain organize episodic memory by changing our perception and attention. Have you ever walked into a room and suddenly forgotten what you intended to do? That’s exactly the effect of an “event boundary”—entering or exiting a room—at work. After the experiment, the scientists tested the volunteers’ memory for the order of the pictures. The results showed that when a series of pictures crossed an event boundary, it was harder to remember their sequence. This suggests that the change in sound made the brain store memories separately. Additionally, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research found that another brain region, the hippocampus (海马体), helps form episodic memory by linking events that are close in time and separating those farther apart. But what signal tells the hippocampus when to switch modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may send a key ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re entering a new event now’,” explained Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. This new discovery could lead to better treatments for memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease in which the locus coeruleus tends to be overactive. By using medication, slow breathing, or even stress balls to suppress locus coeruleus activity, it may be possible to help control the condition. 1．What was the purpose of playing different tones in the experiment? A．To create real-life situations. B．To mark a change to a new context. C．To test volunteers’ hearing ability. D．To increase the difficulty of the task. 2．What did the MRI scans reveal about the locus coeruleus during the experiment? A．It showed higher activity at event boundaries. B．It controlled volunteers’ memory recall order. C．It sent signals to the hippocampus regularly. D．It helped link pictures to specific sounds. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The clinical value of the memory research. B．The limitations of the small-scale experiment. C．The difficulty of treating memory-related disease. D．The potential applications of the research findings. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The brain’s memory reset button. B．Organizing memory in the brain. C．Two key brain regions for memory. D．A new discovery for Alzheimer’s. 重难语篇练习 Denica Riadini-Flesch, 34, is leading a quiet revolution in the fashion world. She founded SukkhaCitta, a slow-fashion brand that partners with hundreds of farmers and artisans (工匠) on Java and neighboring islands in Indonesia. Every piece of fabric in the brand’s collection is made completely from plants. The entire process, from seed to clothes, takes about 60 to 180 days. The slow-fashion movement has arisen in opposition to the values of fast fashion. The fast-fashion approach relies on factories and often harms both workers and the environment. Riadini-Flesch believes that the “farm to closet” model can help consumers see how their choices directly affect people and the Earth. Her journey started with a desire to use her own knowledge to uplift others and protect the planet. In Indonesia, about 24 million people, many of whom live in rural villages, still struggle to make a living wage. Growing up in Jakarta, Riadini-Flesch experienced the country’s deep-rooted inequality and studied development economics in college. When she began traveling the countryside in 2013, she met three batik artisans in a village near Tuban, in East Java. They told her that the ancient craft they had learned from their mothers was at risk. With limited resources, the artisans had switched to cheaper chemical dyes that burned their lungs. Even then, they could not compete with factories. In the months that followed, Riadini-Flesch saw how the modern fashion supply chain affected farmers as well. They had replaced cotton with monoculture crops like corn, harming the soil, plants, and wildlife. Both of these age-old practices were deeply rooted in village life; they just needed to be restored. Slow fashion, she realized, could be a powerful tool for change. Although she only had $2,000, Riadini-Flesch put that money into paying the batik artisans a living wage. This allowed her to create her first sample: a bandanna she called butterfly. By 2019, three years after its founding, the company had drawn enough interest from residents near Tuban to open its first craft school. There, artisans can teach batik to younger generations and farmers can learn about regenerative ways to grow cotton. Villagers are now using a traditional technique that lets multiple plants grow together and nourish each other. The technique allows rural Indonesians to grow cotton for SukkhaCitta while providing more food for their families. Over the past four years, SukkhaCitta has opened four more craft schools, launched a platform for sourcing its regenerative materials, and partnered with 11 villages. So far, the brand has helped communities restore roughly 118 acres of formerly commercial farmland, which has improved the lives of 1,500 people. One thing SukkhaCitta rejects is following traditional seasonal fashion calendars and overworking either the artisans or the land. “You cannot have infinite growth on a finite planet,” Riadini-Flesch says. This is wisdom shared by the artisans, who also taught her another inspiring philosophy: “Urip Iku Urup.” We live to bring light. 1．Compared with fast-fashion brands, SukkhaCitta ________. A．reduces costs by simplifying production process B．involves consumers directly in the clothes making C．gives priority to handcraft and sustainable farming D．uses clothing to raise awareness about social issues 2．Why did Riadini-Flesch establish craft schools in rural Indonesia? A．To train workers to replace imported fabrics with local ones. B．To prepare rural youth for careers in the global fashion industry. C．To teach the artisans how to produce faster and compete with factories. D．To ensure the survival of traditional skills and eco-friendly agriculture. 3．What guiding principle does Riadini-Flesch emphasize in managing SukkhaCitta? A．Preserving traditional methods and rejecting adaptations. B．Following seasonal fashion cycles to meet market demand. C．Respecting ecological limits and valuing artisans’ well-being. D．Expanding production to compete with global fast-fashion brands. 4．Which of the following best describes Riadini-Flesch? A．An ambitious designer. B．An old-fashioned leader. C．A profit-driven woman. D．A visionary change-maker. ①Two big news stories in December 2025 caught teenagers’ attention worldwide: Australia’s new social media ban (禁止) and China’s rocket launch with student-made satellites. These events show how the world is changing for young people, pushing them to think about the balance between virtual and real life, and the power of scientific exploration. ②On December 10, 2025, Australia became the first country to ban social media for anyone under 16. The government said this ban aims to protect teens’ mental health. Studies found 70% of Australian teens aged 10-15 had seen harmful content online, and half had faced cyberbullying. Social media companies like TikTok and Facebook must stop under-16s from having accounts, or they could be fined up to 50 million Australian dollars (about 232 million yuan). However, checking users’ ages is a big challenge. Some platforms use ID checks, while others use AI to analyze user behavior—but experts say these methods aren’t always accurate (精准) for teens around 16. Even worse, some teens may find ways to get around the ban, such as borrowing their parents’ accounts, which makes the rule hard to enforce (执行). ③Meanwhile, China made teenagers’ space dreams come true on the same day. The Lijian-1 Y11 rocket successfully sent nine satellites into space, including Slipers 2 Sat designed by 9 Nepali junior high students. These students got scholarships and strict engineering training to join the satellite project. The satellite will be used for water monitoring (监测) and earthquake prediction, tasks that are closely connected to people’s daily lives and safety. Chinese scientists said the project not only completes an international task but also helps young people touch the boundaries of science, inspiring more teens to fall in love with STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) subjects. ④Across the world, more countries are making rules for teens’ social media use. Denmark plans to ban social media for under-15s in 2026, while Singapore has banned smartphones in middle schools. These changes make people think deeply: how can teens balance online life and real-world growth? Whether it’s staying away from harmful online content or chasing science dreams, the future is in young people’s hands. It is up to teenagers to decide whether to let technology control them, or to use technology as a tool to improve themselves. 1．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the Australian social media ban has been completely successful B．the Nepali students’ satellite is useless for people’s daily life C．teens may use their parents’ accounts to get around the social media ban D．China’s rocket launch is the only one that carries student-made satellites 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Singapore will ban social media for under-15s in 2026. B．The Nepali students received engineering training for the satellite project. C．Australia fines social media companies 232 million yuan for every violation (违法). D．The Lijian-1 Y11 rocket sent only one satellite designed by Nepali students into space. 3．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To explain why social media is harmful to teenagers worldwide B．To explain why teenagers should stay away from social media completely C．To prove that Singapore’s smartphone ban is better than Australia’s social media ban D．To show different countries’ rules on teens’ online activities and raise a thought-provoking (发人深思的) question 4．Which of the following is the best way to divide the passage? A．①/②③/④ B．①②/③/④ C．①/②/③④ D．①②/③④ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $