专题15 用单词的适当形式填空（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题15 用单词的适当形式填空（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 名词：数与转化 考点二 动词：形式与转化 考点三 形容词&副词：互变与比较 考点四 代词：形式转换 考点五 数词：基数词与序数词 考点六 构词法：前缀（否定高频） 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 题型定位：上海中考必考题型，采用用所给单词的适当形式填空，每题 1 分，共 8 分，考查在语境中灵活运用词汇与语法的能力。 考查核心：词形变化（名词单复数、动词时态语态、非谓语、代词、数词）+词性转化（名/动/形/副互变）+构词法（前缀、后缀）。 命题趋势：语境化、综合化、高频化、生活化，侧重传统文化、科技、环保、校园生活等话题。 热考角度 考点 考向 2025年 2024年 名词 单复数、抽象名词、职业名词 8 题 7 题 动词 时态、语态、非谓语、词性转化 7 题 8 题 形容词&副词 比较级/最高级、形副互变、反义词 6 题 7 题 代词 人称/物主/反身代词 3 题 2 题 数词 基数词/序数词、年龄、日期、频率 2 题 3 题 构词法 前缀、后缀、多级转化 5 题 6 题 名词 单复数、抽象名词、职业名词 8 题 7 题 命题预测 语境更贴近AI、低碳生活、传统文化、校园活动等热点。 多级词性转化（动词→名词→形容词）、否定前缀考查比例上升。 固定搭配与词性转化融合考查，非谓语与词形变化结合出题。 考点一 名词：数与转化 1.（2026・上海奉贤・一模）The government has built two more water treatment to improve the water quality. (factory) 【答案】factories 【解析】two more 后接可数名词复数，factory 变复数为 factories。 2.（2026・上海黄浦・一模）Do you believe the saying that is the best policy? (honest) 【答案】honesty 【解析】从句缺少主语，用 honest 的名词形式 honesty（不可数）。 1. 名词单复数（高频） 规则变化：box→boxes；factory→factories；leaf→leaves 不规则变化：man→men；child→children；German→Germans 不可数名词：pollution, safety, happiness, knowledge 2. 动词/形容词→名词（核心后缀） 转化类型 后缀 示例 动词→名词 -ion/-ation pollute→pollution；invite→invitation -ment develop→development -er/-or work→worker；act→actor -ing build→building 形容词→名词 -ness happy→happiness；sad→sadness -ty/-ce difficult→difficulty；different→difference 考点二 动词：形式与转化 1.（2026・上海松江・一模）Can you living on Mars one day? (imagination) 【答案】imagine 【解析】情态动词 can 后接动词原形，imagination 的动词为 imagine。 2.（2026・上海奉贤・一模）We “Low-Carbon Life” activities every month to protect the environment. (organization) 【答案】organize 【解析】句子缺少谓语，用 organization 的动词形式 organize，一般现在时主语为 we，用原形。 3.（2026・上海嘉定・一模）Good teamwork will us to get the job done on time. (able) 【答案】enable 【解析】will 后接动词原形，able 的动词为 enable，表示 “使能够”。 1. 动词形式考点 时态：一般过去时、现在完成时 非谓语：to do（目的状语/固定搭配）、doing（介词后/固定搭配） 语态：被动结构 be done 2. 名词/形容词→动词（核心转化） able→enable；service→serve；decision→decide；reality→realize 考点三 形容词 & 副词：互变与比较 1.（2026・上海松江・一模）Please make sure the door is locked before you go to bed. (secure) 【答案】securely 【解析】修饰动词 locked 用副词，secure 的副词为 securely。 2.（2026・上海松江・一模）As students spend more time in front of screens, their eyesight becomes . (bad) 【答案】worse 【解析】语境暗含比较，become 后接比较级，bad 的比较级为 worse。 3.（2026・上海虹口・一模）It’s to talk loudly in public places, but many people always seem to forget that. (polite) 【答案】impolite 【解析】公共场所大声喧哗是 “不礼貌的”，用 polite 的反义词 impolite。 1. 形容词→副词（规则） 直接 +ly：careful→carefully；serious→seriously 去 y+ily：easy→easily；heavy→heavily 特殊：true→truly；hard/hard/fast/fast（不变） 2. 名词/动词→形容词（核心后缀） -ful：care→careful；use→useful -less：care→careless；home→homeless -y：sun→sunny；wind→windy -ed/-ing：frighten→frightened/frightening 3. 比较级/最高级 bad→worse；easy→easier；one of the +最高级 考点四 代词：形式转换 1.（2026・上海静安・一模）After winning the game, the team felt very proud of . (they) 【答案】themselves 【解析】固定搭配 feel proud of oneself，主语 the team 对应反身代词 themselves。 2.（2026・上海闵行・一模）Once the repair is finished, I’m sure no other playground is better than . (we) 【答案】ours 【解析】此处指代 our playground，用名词性物主代词 ours。 反身代词：by oneself；enjoy oneself；teach oneself 物主代词：形容词性→名词性（my→mine） 考点五 数词：基数词与序数词 1.（2026・上海青浦・一模）My grandpa is in his but still very strong and healthy. (seventy) 【答案】seventies 【解析】固定表达 in one’s seventies 表示 “在某人七十多岁时”。 2.（2026・上海松江・一模）This is the time our city has held the International Marathon. (five) 【答案】fifth 【解析】表示 “第几次” 用序数词，five 的序数词为 fifth。 生日/日期/次数：用序数词 年龄：in one’s +整十复数 频率：one→once 考点六 构词法：前缀（否定高频） 1.（2026・上海杨浦・一模）The door and the windows were locked. It was for the thief to escape. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【解析】门窗锁上，小偷 “不可能” 逃跑，用 possible 的反义词 impossible。 2.（2026・上海浦东・一模）When Andy was about his lost smart phone, his friend gave him a big hug. (happy) 【答案】unhappy 【解析】丢失手机应是 “不开心”，用 happy 的反义词 unhappy。 un-：unhappy；unusual；unhealthy dis-：dishonest；disagree im-：impossible；impolite re-：rewrite；rebuild 1．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Nowadays, ________ engineers have done great work in many different fields. (woman) 【答案】women 【详解】句意：如今，女工程师们在许多不同领域都做出了杰出的贡献。当“woman”修饰复数名词时，自身也需变为复数形式“women”，即“性别+职业”的复合名词，两者都要变复数，“women engineers”意为“女工程师们”。应填women。 2．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Regular water and sunlight are important for the healthy ________ of these plants. (grow) 【答案】growth 【详解】句意：充足的水分和阳光对这些植物的健康生长很重要。句中定冠词the与形容词healthy后需接名词作宾语，括号内grow为动词，需变为名词形式。grow的名词形式为growth。 3．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Forgetting the interview time was the ________ mistake I’ve ever made in my life. (bad) 【答案】worst 【详解】句意：忘记面试时间是我一生中犯过最严重的错误。句中出现标志性范围短语“I’ve ever made in my life”，表示“我一生当中”，是最高级的提示标志，需用形容词最高级形式。bad为不规则变化形容词，其最高级形式为worst。 4．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）The driver made a ________ stop to avoid hitting the tree lying in the middle of the road. (suddenly) 【答案】sudden 【详解】句意：司机突然停车，以避免撞到路中间的树。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“stop”，“suddenly”（副词，突然地）的形容词形式是“sudden”（突然的），“make a sudden stop”意为“突然停车”。应填sudden。 5．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）I don’t mind going to Chongqing a ________ time if it is for the hot pot. (three) 【答案】third 【详解】句意：如果是为了火锅，我不介意第三次去重庆。根据括号内的“three”和语境“再去一次”，此处表示“第三次”，应用序数词“third”，构成“a third time”（又一次、第三次）的固定表达。应填third。 6．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Companies can cut out ________ meetings to make work time more efficient. (necessary) 【答案】unnecessary 【详解】句意：企业可以取消不必要的会议，让工作时间更高效。necessary“必要的”，形容词，根据“Companies can cut out…meetings to make work time more efficient.”可知，此处指取消不必要的会议，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary。 7．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）The table was ________ decorated with candles and flowers for the special anniversary. (beautiful) 【答案】beautifully 【详解】句意：为了特殊的周年纪念，桌子被漂亮地用蜡烛和鲜花装饰起来。在这个句子中，需要一个副词来修饰动词decorated。beautiful是形容词，其副词形式是beautifully，表示“漂亮地，美观地”，所以填beautifully。 8．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）I’m starting to ________ my temper after dealing with online customer service for hours. (loss) 【答案】lose 【详解】句意：在跟在线客服周旋了几个小时后，我开始忍不住发脾气了。start to do sth.“开始做某事”，后面接动词原形，loss的动词形式为lose。 9．（2026·上海崇明·二模）His science stories are ________ read and make more people interested in science. (wide) 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：他的科普故事被广泛阅读，让更多人对科学产生兴趣。句中空格修饰被动语态的动词“read”，需用副词作状语，wide是形容词，意为“宽的”，其副词变化为在词尾加-ly，变形为widely，意为“广泛地”，可用来修饰动作的普及程度。 10．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Regular exercise is an ________ method to keep your body strong and healthy. (effect) 【答案】effective 【详解】句意：规律运动是保持身体强壮和健康的一种有效方式。空格后为名词“method”，需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，effect是名词，意为“效果”，其形容词变化规则为在词尾加-ive，变形为effective，意为“有效的”。 11．（2026·上海崇明·二模）It’s our duty to ________ people and make contributions to the world. (service) 【答案】serve 【详解】句意：服务他人、为世界做出贡献是我们的责任。固定句型It’s our duty to do sth.中to后需接动词原形，service是名词，意为“服务”，其动词形式为serve，意为“服务”。 12．（2026·上海崇明·二模）It was reported that many ________ were sent to help people in the earthquake area. (fireman) 【答案】firemen 【详解】句意：据报道，许多消防员被派往地震灾区救助群众。句中限定词“many”后需接可数名词复数，fireman的复数形式为firemen，意为“消防员”。 13．（2026·上海崇明·二模）The ________ was tired, but she kept practicing until she mastered the difficult move. (dance) 【答案】dancer 【详解】句意：这位舞者很累，但她坚持练习直到掌握了这个高难度动作。空格前有定冠词“The”，空格后有be动词was，此处需要填入单数名词，dance对应的身份名词为dancer，意为“舞者，舞蹈演员”。 14．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Tom, help ________ to some fruit and drinks. The party will start soon. (you) 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意：汤姆，随便吃点水果、喝点饮料吧，派对很快就要开始了。固定短语help oneself to sth.，意为“随便享用某物”，句子称呼对象是单数人称“Tom”，人称代词you需变为单数反身代词yourself，意为“你自己”。 15．（2026·上海崇明·二模）When you lose your way in a strange place, you may feel afraid and ________. (help) 【答案】helpless 【详解】句意：当你在陌生的地方迷路时，你可能会感到害怕且无助。句中“and”连接并列的形容词作表语，结合“afraid”可知，此处指感到无助，help为动词，需加否定后缀-less构成形容词helpless，意为“无助的”，符合语境情感表达。故填helpless。 16．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）Good service can turn a first-time visitor into a ________ customer. (satisfy) 【答案】satisfied 【详解】句意：优质的服务可以把首次到访的游客变成满意的顾客。句中空白处需要一个形容词修饰名词customer(顾客，指人)，satisfy的过去分词形式satisfied作形容词时，意为“感到满意的”，用于描述人的感受，符合此处语境；而satisfying多用来形容事物“令人满意的”。 17．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）The city is trying to ________ more clean-energy companies. (attractive) 【答案】attract 【详解】句意：这座城市正努力吸引更多清洁能源公司。句中“is trying to”后需接动词原形，attractive为形容词，其对应的动词形式是attract，意为“吸引”，符合语境。故填attract。 18．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）OpenClaw is a smart assistant that can help people do ________. (task) 【答案】tasks 【详解】句意：OpenClaw是一个智能助手，它可以帮助人们做任务。句中“do”为实义动词，后可接可数名词复数表示泛指，结合提示词task“任务”，其复数形式tasks符合语境及语法要求。 19．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）People often use things ________ and then throw them away, which is not a good habit. (one) 【答案】once 【详解】句意：人们经常只用一次东西就把它们扔掉，这不是一个好习惯。句中“use things”后需接副词修饰动词use，one为基数词，其对应的副词形式是once，意为“一次”，符合语境。 20．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）The film shows how important telling the ________ can be in a friendship. (true) 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：这部电影展示了在友谊中说真话是多么重要。句中“telling the”后需接名词作宾语，true为形容词，其对应的名词形式是truth，意为“真相、真话”，符合语境。 21．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）Even though the customer complained, the manager replied ________. (polite) 【答案】politely 【详解】句意：即使顾客抱怨了，经理还是礼貌地作出了回应。这里需要修饰动词replied，要用副词形式。polite是形容词，对应的副词是politely。 22．（2026·上海松江·二模）Shelly’s job is to ________ the natural scenery and local culture to tourists. (introduction) 【答案】introduce 【详解】句意：雪莉的工作是向游客介绍自然风光和当地文化。括号内的提示词introduction是名词，意为“介绍”，此处需要用动词形式；句子结构为 “Shelly’s job is to do sth.”，不定式作表语，因此需要使用动词原形introduce。 23．（2026·上海松江·二模）The boy was ________ wrong by cheating in the exam with the cell phone. (complete) 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：这个男孩用手机在考试中作弊，完全是错误的行为。括号内的complete是形容词，此处需要修饰形容词wrong，应使用副词形式。 24．（2026·上海松江·二模）We’d better throw away those ________ things to make more space for our room. (use) 【答案】useless 【详解】句意：我们最好扔掉那些无用的东西，为我们的房间腾出更多空间。空处需用形容词修饰名词“things”，结合“throw away”以及“make more space for our room”，此处表示扔掉那些“无用的”东西，use“使用”，动词，其形容词形式useless，意为“无用的”，符合题意。 25．（2026·上海松江·二模）Guangfulin Cultural Park attracts many visitors with ________ underwater museum. (it) 【答案】its 【详解】句意：广富林文化公园凭借其水下博物馆吸引了许多游客。此处修饰名词underwater museum，需用形容词性物主代词；人称代词it对应的形容词性物主代词是its，意为“它的”，故填its。 26．（2026·上海松江·二模）As a famous ________, Benjamin Franklin always wondered how things worked. (invent) 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：作为一位著名的发明家，本杰明·富兰克林总是想知道事物是如何运作的。根据空格前的famous和a可知此处需填入一个可数名词单数形式；括号中提示词为“invent”，其名词形式为inventor“发明家”，符合语境与语法结构。 27．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Puppies are naturally _________, always ready to play and explore. (energy) 【答案】energetic 【详解】句意：小狗天生精力充沛，随时准备玩耍和探索。energy精力，名词；根据“Puppies are naturally”可知，此处应填入形容词energetic“精力充沛的”，作表语。故填energetic。 28．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）It is _________ to judge someone without knowing the full story. (fair) 【答案】unfair 【详解】句意：不了解事情的全部就对一个人做出判断是不公平的。根据“It is…to judge someone without knowing the full story.”以及提示词可知，此处指不了解事情的全部就对一个人做出判断是不公平的，应用形容词unfair“不公平的”，作表语。故填unfair。 29．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Educational _______, like building blocks, help kids develop problem-solving skills. (toy) 【答案】toys 【详解】句意：教育类玩具，比如积木，能帮助孩子培养解决问题的能力。toy“玩具”，可数名词；根据“help”可知，此处应用复数名词toys。故填toys。 30．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）It’s a pity to hear that the forest was ________ damaged by the wildfire. (heavy) 【答案】heavily 【详解】句意：很遗憾听到这片森林被野火严重破坏了。括号提示词为形容词heavy，需转换为副词形式修饰动词damaged。故填heavily。 31．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）The school regularly organizes field trips to ________ students’ learning experiences. (rich) 【答案】enrich 【详解】句意：学校定期组织实地考察，丰富学生的学习经验。分析句子可知，此处是to后加动词原形表目的，表示“组织实地考察的目的是丰富学生的学习经验”，enrich“丰富”符合语境。故填enrich。 32．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）What do we call the day with the ________ daylight and the longest night? (little) 【答案】least 【详解】句意：白昼最少黑夜最长的那一天叫什么？此处和“the longest night”并列，所以应用最高级，表示“最少的白昼”，little的最高级是least“最少的”。故填least。 33．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Being followed while shopping made the woman feel ________. (comfortable) 【答案】uncomfortable 【详解】句意：购物时被跟着让这位女士感到不适。根据“Being followed while shopping”可知购物时一直被跟着应产生负面情绪，应使用comfortable的反义词uncomfortable（不舒服的）。故填uncomfortable。 34．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）It’s a chance to raise ________ and talk about the mental health of children. (aware) 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：这是一个提高意识并讨论儿童心理健康的机会。括号内提示词为形容词"aware"（意识到的），根据句子结构，动词“raise”（提高）后需接名词作宾语，表示“提高某种意识”。因此需将形容词“aware”转换为名词形式“awareness”。故填awareness。 35．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Cleaning up all the plastic in the ocean seems ________, but I’m doing my part. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：清理海洋中所有的塑料垃圾似乎是不可能的，不过，我正在尽我的责任。提示词possible意为“可能的”，根据“but I’m doing my part”可知，说明尽管前面的事情很困难，是不可能的，因此用possible的反义词impossible，意为“不可能的”。故填impossible。 36．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Her mood is quite ________ one moment she’s laughing, and the next she’s crying. (change) 【答案】changeable 【详解】句意：她的情绪相当多变，一会儿笑，一会儿哭。根据“one moment…the next”的对比变化及括号提示词“change”可知，此处应使用change的形容词形式表示“多变的”。change的形容词形式为changeable。故填changeable。 37．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Last night at the party, Jason did everything he could to ________ the guests. (pleasure) 【答案】please 【详解】句意：昨晚在派对上，杰森尽他所能地让客人们开心。did everything he could表示“尽他所能”，to是动词不定式符号，后面要接动词原形。pleasure是名词，意为“愉快；乐事”，其动词形式是“please”，意为“使高兴；使满意；取悦。故填please。 38．（2025·上海崇明·二模）The doctor gave the students a good ________ to deal with stress before taking exams.(suggest) 【答案】suggestion 【详解】句意：医生给了学生们一个很好的建议来应对考试前的压力。空格在不定冠词后，接单数可数名词suggestion“建议”。故填suggestion。 39．（2025·上海崇明·二模）During the Lantern Festival, people usually write their ________ on lanterns.(wish) 【答案】wishes 【详解】句意：在元宵节期间，人们通常在灯笼上写下他们的愿望。根据“people usually write their...on lanterns.”可知，此处应填入名词，wish“愿望”，可数名词，根据“their”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式wishes。故填wishes。 40．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）You should consider the situation ________ before making up your mind. (serious) 【答案】seriously 【详解】句意：在做出决定之前，你应该认真考虑情况。serious“认真的”，形容词，空处修饰动词consider，应用其副词形式seriously。故填seriously。 41．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）The yangko dance performed by the robots in the party is really ________. (amusement) 【答案】amusing 【详解】句意：派对上机器人表演的秧歌舞真是有趣。amusement“娱乐”。根据“The yangko dance performed by the robots in the party is really”可知，空格处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语The yangko dance应用amusing“令人愉快的，有趣的”。故填amusing。 42．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）They are going to ________ a charity sale to raise money for people in need. (organization) 【答案】organize 【详解】句意：他们打算组织一场慈善义卖来为有需要的人筹款。be going to后接动词原形，“organization”是名词，其动词形式为“organize”，表示“组织”。故填organize。 43．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）All year round, the riverside garden has a rich ________ of green plants and flowers. (collect) 【答案】collection 【详解】句意：一年四季，滨江花园都有丰富的绿色植物和鲜花。句子中空格前有形容词“rich”和冠词“a”，因此需要填入名词形式。动词“collect”的名词形式是“collection”，a后跟单数名词。故填collection。 44．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Using ________ is a helpful way for us to improve our self-study skills. (dictionary) 【答案】a dictionary 【详解】句意：使用字典是一个改善我们自学能力有用的方法。dictionary可数名词，此处指一本字典，dictionary以辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a dictionary。 45．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Our teachers always ________ us to take part in activities to broaden our horizons. (courage) 【答案】encourage 【详解】句意：我们的老师总是鼓励我们参加活动来开阔我们的视野。courage“勇气”，名词；根据“Our teachers always...us to take part in activities”可知，此处应用短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，表示“老师鼓励我们去参加活动”；根据“always”可知，此句为一般现在时，主语“teachers”为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填encourage。 46．（2025·上海青浦·二模）When you meet someone for the first time, make a good ________ by smiling. (impress) 【答案】impression 【详解】句意：当你第一次见到某人时，通过微笑给对方留下一个好印象。“impress”是动词，意为“给……留下深刻印象”。根据“make a good...”可知，此处需要一个名词，“impress”的名词形式是“impression”，故填impression。 47．（2025·上海青浦·二模）The artist used different-sized ________ to create the detailed artwork. (brush) 【答案】brushes 【详解】句意：这位艺术家使用了不同大小的画笔来创作这幅细节丰富的艺术作品。“brush”是可数名词，意为“画笔”。根据“different-sized”可知，此处表示不止一支画笔，应用其复数形式“brushes”。故填brushes。 48．（2025·上海闵行·二模）The ________ fence needs to be painted to protect it from the weather. (wood) 【答案】wooden 【详解】句意：木栅栏需要油漆以保护它不受天气影响。根据分析句子“The…fence needs to be painted to protect it from the weather. ”，结合所给词可知，此处指的是木栅栏，wood“木头”，名词，此处应该填入其形容词形式wooden，修饰名词fence，意为“木制的”符合语境。故填wooden。 49．（2025·上海闵行·二模）We should listen to the teacher’s ________ instructions during a fire drill.（safe） 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：在消防演习中，我们应该听从老师的安全指令。根据“We should listen to the teacher’s...”可知，名词所有格后跟名词，safety instructions“安全指令”，名词短语。故填safety。 50．（2025·上海宝山·二模）The teenagers often visited the patients in the hospital to help them ________ confidence. (build) 【答案】build/to build 【详解】句意：这些青少年经常去医院看望病人，帮助他们建立信心。help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填build/to build。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 用单词的适当形式填空（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 名词：数与转化 考点二 动词：形式与转化 考点三 形容词&副词：互变与比较 考点四 代词：形式转换 考点五 数词：基数词与序数词 考点六 构词法：前缀（否定高频） 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 题型定位：上海中考必考题型，采用用所给单词的适当形式填空，每题 1 分，共 8 分，考查在语境中灵活运用词汇与语法的能力。 考查核心：词形变化（名词单复数、动词时态语态、非谓语、代词、数词）+词性转化（名/动/形/副互变）+构词法（前缀、后缀）。 命题趋势：语境化、综合化、高频化、生活化，侧重传统文化、科技、环保、校园生活等话题。 热考角度 考点 考向 2025年 2024年 名词 单复数、抽象名词、职业名词 8 题 7 题 动词 时态、语态、非谓语、词性转化 7 题 8 题 形容词&副词 比较级/最高级、形副互变、反义词 6 题 7 题 代词 人称/物主/反身代词 3 题 2 题 数词 基数词/序数词、年龄、日期、频率 2 题 3 题 构词法 前缀、后缀、多级转化 5 题 6 题 名词 单复数、抽象名词、职业名词 8 题 7 题 命题预测 语境更贴近AI、低碳生活、传统文化、校园活动等热点。 多级词性转化（动词→名词→形容词）、否定前缀考查比例上升。 固定搭配与词性转化融合考查，非谓语与词形变化结合出题。 考点一 名词：数与转化 1.（2026・上海奉贤・一模）The government has built two more water treatment to improve the water quality. (factory) 2.（2026・上海黄浦・一模）Do you believe the saying that is the best policy? (honest) 1. 名词单复数（高频） 规则变化：box→boxes；factory→factories；leaf→leaves 不规则变化：man→men；child→children；German→Germans 不可数名词：pollution, safety, happiness, knowledge 2. 动词/形容词→名词（核心后缀） 转化类型 后缀 示例 动词→名词 -ion/-ation pollute→pollution；invite→invitation -ment develop→development -er/-or work→worker；act→actor -ing build→building 形容词→名词 -ness happy→happiness；sad→sadness -ty/-ce difficult→difficulty；different→difference 考点二 动词：形式与转化 1.（2026・上海松江・一模）Can you living on Mars one day? (imagination) 2.（2026・上海奉贤・一模）We “Low-Carbon Life” activities every month to protect the environment. (organization) 3.（2026・上海嘉定・一模）Good teamwork will us to get the job done on time. (able) 1. 动词形式考点 时态：一般过去时、现在完成时 非谓语：to do（目的状语/固定搭配）、doing（介词后/固定搭配） 语态：被动结构 be done 2. 名词/形容词→动词（核心转化） able→enable；service→serve；decision→decide；reality→realize 考点三 形容词 & 副词：互变与比较 1.（2026・上海松江・一模）Please make sure the door is locked before you go to bed. (secure) 2.（2026・上海松江・一模）As students spend more time in front of screens, their eyesight becomes . (bad) 3.（2026・上海虹口・一模）It’s to talk loudly in public places, but many people always seem to forget that. (polite) 1. 形容词→副词（规则） 直接 +ly：careful→carefully；serious→seriously 去 y+ily：easy→easily；heavy→heavily 特殊：true→truly；hard/hard/fast/fast（不变） 2. 名词/动词→形容词（核心后缀） -ful：care→careful；use→useful -less：care→careless；home→homeless -y：sun→sunny；wind→windy -ed/-ing：frighten→frightened/frightening 3. 比较级/最高级 bad→worse；easy→easier；one of the +最高级 考点四 代词：形式转换 1.（2026・上海静安・一模）After winning the game, the team felt very proud of . (they) 2.（2026・上海闵行・一模）Once the repair is finished, I’m sure no other playground is better than . (we) 反身代词：by oneself；enjoy oneself；teach oneself 物主代词：形容词性→名词性（my→mine） 考点五 数词：基数词与序数词 1.（2026・上海青浦・一模）My grandpa is in his but still very strong and healthy. (seventy) 2.（2026・上海松江・一模）This is the time our city has held the International Marathon. (five) 生日/日期/次数：用序数词 年龄：in one’s +整十复数 频率：one→once 考点六 构词法：前缀（否定高频） 1.（2026・上海杨浦・一模）The door and the windows were locked. It was for the thief to escape. (possible) 2.（2026・上海浦东・一模）When Andy was about his lost smart phone, his friend gave him a big hug. (happy) un-：unhappy；unusual；unhealthy dis-：dishonest；disagree im-：impossible；impolite re-：rewrite；rebuild 1．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Nowadays, ________ engineers have done great work in many different fields. (woman) 2．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Regular water and sunlight are important for the healthy ________ of these plants. (grow) 3．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Forgetting the interview time was the ________ mistake I’ve ever made in my life. (bad) 4．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）The driver made a ________ stop to avoid hitting the tree lying in the middle of the road. (suddenly) 5．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）I don’t mind going to Chongqing a ________ time if it is for the hot pot. (three) 6．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）Companies can cut out ________ meetings to make work time more efficient. (necessary) 7．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）The table was ________ decorated with candles and flowers for the special anniversary. (beautiful) 8．（2026·上海徐汇·二模）I’m starting to ________ my temper after dealing with online customer service for hours. (loss) 9．（2026·上海崇明·二模）His science stories are ________ read and make more people interested in science. (wide) 10．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Regular exercise is an ________ method to keep your body strong and healthy. (effect) 11．（2026·上海崇明·二模）It’s our duty to ________ people and make contributions to the world. (service) 12．（2026·上海崇明·二模）It was reported that many ________ were sent to help people in the earthquake area. (fireman) 13．（2026·上海崇明·二模）The ________ was tired, but she kept practicing until she mastered the difficult move. (dance) 14．（2026·上海崇明·二模）Tom, help ________ to some fruit and drinks. The party will start soon. (you) 15．（2026·上海崇明·二模）When you lose your way in a strange place, you may feel afraid and ________. (help) 16．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）Good service can turn a first-time visitor into a ________ customer. (satisfy) 17．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）The city is trying to ________ more clean-energy companies. (attractive) 18．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）OpenClaw is a smart assistant that can help people do ________. (task) 19．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）People often use things ________ and then throw them away, which is not a good habit. (one) 20．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）The film shows how important telling the ________ can be in a friendship. (true) 21．（2026·上海杨浦·二模）Even though the customer complained, the manager replied ________. (polite) 22．（2026·上海松江·二模）Shelly’s job is to ________ the natural scenery and local culture to tourists. (introduction) 23．（2026·上海松江·二模）The boy was ________ wrong by cheating in the exam with the cell phone. (complete) 24．（2026·上海松江·二模）We’d better throw away those ________ things to make more space for our room. (use) 25．（2026·上海松江·二模）Guangfulin Cultural Park attracts many visitors with ________ underwater museum. (it) 26．（2026·上海松江·二模）As a famous ________, Benjamin Franklin always wondered how things worked. (invent) 27．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Puppies are naturally _________, always ready to play and explore. (energy) 28．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）It is _________ to judge someone without knowing the full story. (fair) 29．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Educational _______, like building blocks, help kids develop problem-solving skills. (toy) 30．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）It’s a pity to hear that the forest was ________ damaged by the wildfire. (heavy) 31．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）The school regularly organizes field trips to ________ students’ learning experiences. (rich) 32．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）What do we call the day with the ________ daylight and the longest night? (little) 33．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Being followed while shopping made the woman feel ________. (comfortable) 34．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）It’s a chance to raise ________ and talk about the mental health of children. (aware) 35．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Cleaning up all the plastic in the ocean seems ________, but I’m doing my part. (possible) 36．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Her mood is quite ________ one moment she’s laughing, and the next she’s crying. (change) 37．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Last night at the party, Jason did everything he could to ________ the guests. (pleasure) 38．（2025·上海崇明·二模）The doctor gave the students a good ________ to deal with stress before taking exams.(suggest) 39．（2025·上海崇明·二模）During the Lantern Festival, people usually write their ________ on lanterns.(wish) 40．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）You should consider the situation ________ before making up your mind. (serious) 41．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）The yangko dance performed by the robots in the party is really ________. (amusement) 42．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）They are going to ________ a charity sale to raise money for people in need. (organization) 43．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）All year round, the riverside garden has a rich ________ of green plants and flowers. (collect) 44．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Using ________ is a helpful way for us to improve our self-study skills. (dictionary) 45．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Our teachers always ________ us to take part in activities to broaden our horizons. (courage) 46．（2025·上海青浦·二模）When you meet someone for the first time, make a good ________ by smiling. (impress) 47．（2025·上海青浦·二模）The artist used different-sized ________ to create the detailed artwork. (brush) 48．（2025·上海闵行·二模）The ________ fence needs to be painted to protect it from the weather. (wood) 49．（2025·上海闵行·二模）We should listen to the teacher’s ________ instructions during a fire drill.（safe） 50．（2025·上海宝山·二模）The teenagers often visited the patients in the hospital to help them ________ confidence. (build) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $