内容正文:
Unit 8 A green world 单元复习
词句背默清单
重点单词
1.倾倒,倒出;倾泻 pour
2.(使)分开;区分 separate
3.回收利用recycle
4.违犯,违背;(使)破,裂,碎break
5.惩罚punish
6.对……处以罚款fine
7.原因;理由cause
8.土壤 soil
9.卡车;载重汽车truck
10.燃料fuel
11.标准,水平level
12.资源resource
13.管理management
14.不洁净的unclean
15.清澈的;晴朗的;了解清楚的 clear
16.环保的eco-friendly
17.总的,全部的total
18.严格的strict
19.有成效地successfully
20.明智地wisely
21.广泛地,普遍地widely
22.adj.化学品的;化学的 n.化学制品
chemical
23.vt. & n.控制 control
24.投票,表决vote
25.污染 pollute
26.影响 affect
27.海报 poster
28.气体 gas
29.咳嗽 coughing
30.海鸟 seabird
31.沙漠化 desertification
32.损坏,损失;损害 damage
33.太阳能solar power
34.电池 battery
35.电,电能electricity
36.供一次使用的single-use
37.二手的 second-hand
38.电子的electronic
39.几乎不,几乎没有hardly
词汇拓展
1. chemical(n. 化学品)—(adj. 化学品的)chemical
2. pollute(v. 污染)—(n. 污染)pollution
3. separate(v. 分开)—(adj. 分开的)separate
4. recycle(v. 回收)—(n. 回收)recycling
5. succeed(v. 成功)—(adv. 成功地)successfully
6. strict(adj. 严格的)—(adv. 严格地)strictly
7. control(v. 控制)—(n. 控制)control
8. punish(v. 惩罚)—(n. 惩罚)punishment
9. wise(adj. 明智的)—(adv. 明智地)wisely
10. protect(v. 保护)—(n. 保护)protection
重点短语
1.与……分享……share...with...
2.把……分成separate...into
3.违反规则break the rules
4.用完,耗尽run out
5.有作用,有影响make a difference
6.除了……外(都)apart from
7.依照,根据 according to
8.注意pay attention to
9.积极参加take an active part in
10.至少 at least
11.投票支持 vote for
12.发生 take place
13.采取行动做某事act to do sth.
14.开个好头make a good start
15.采取行动take action
16.充满be filled with
17.希望做某事 hope to do sth.
18.洗淋浴 take showers/a shower
19.关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)turn off
20.否定;拒绝 say no
21. ……的重要性 the importance of
重点句子
1.和别人拼车去学校或乘公交是个好主意。
It's a good idea to share a ride to school with others or take the bus.
2.它(瑞士)很美,而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。
It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way.
3.在瑞士,玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类,然后再回收。
In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
4.我们依赖它丰富的资源生存,因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。
We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
5.这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。
These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out.
6.记住,每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
7.该市在垃圾管理方面有严格的法律。
There are strict laws about waste management in the city.
8.我们学校将举办一次回收活动。
A recycling event is going to be held at our school.
9.该演出将于何时举行?
When is the show going to be held?
10.污染是当今世界最大的问题之一。
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
11.我们每个人都会有机会思考我们周围的世界。
All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.
12.中国拥有世界上一些最大的沙漠,并且正在努力改变这种状况。
China has some of the largest deserts in the world and is working hard to change this situation.
13.中国在处理荒漠化问题上已经实现良好开局。
China has made a great start in dealing with the problem of desertification.
14.只要我们共同努力,就能产生巨大影响,开创更美好的未来。
If we work together, we can make a big difference and create a better future.
15.城市里也有新的系统来处理污水。
There are also new systems to deal with the wastewater in the city.
16.行动起来保护环境!
Go green!
17.重复利用旧物是过更环保生活的另一种方式。
Reusing old things is another way to live a greener life.
重点知识详解
知识点1:Noise pollution 噪声污染
辨析: noise, sound 与 voice
noise
嘈杂声;噪声
常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声
sound
声音
泛指自然界的各种声音
voice
声音,嗓音
一般指人的声音,如说话、唱歌的声音。voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示动物的声音
Don't make any noise!别吵闹!
Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快得多。
The boy has a beautiful voice.那个男孩嗓音很美。
知识点2:Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes被倒入河流和湖泊的化学制品
pour
①〔及物动词〕倾倒,倒出
pour… into…把 倒入
pour… out 把 倒出
I' ve poured a cup of tea for you. 我给你倒了一杯茶。
Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby.停止把废水倒进附近的河流或湖泊。
Please pour the milk out.请把牛奶倒出来。
②〔不及物动词〕倾泻
Light was pouring into the courtyard. 光洒进庭院。
③〔动词〕(雨)倾盆而下;下大雨
It's pouring outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。
知识点3:In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士,像玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类,然后再回收。
(1) separate
①〔动词〕(使)分开
separate... into 把……分成
separate from 分离,隔开
separate... from... 把······和······分开
The police wanted to separate them into smaller groups.警察想把他们分成更小的组。
Separating from my friends makes me sad.与朋友分离使我感到难过。
We'd better separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们最好把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
②〔及物动词〕区分
It is difficult to separate legend from truth.很难将传说和事实区别开来。
③〔形容词〕单独的;分开的
We don't have a separate dining room.我们没有单独的餐厅。
(2) recycle〔及物动词〕回收利用
它是由前缀 re-加动词 cycle 构成的。
We should recycle books and paper to save trees. 我们应该回收利用书和纸张来拯救树木。
拓展 ① recycled 是 recycle 的过去分词,常作定语,所修饰的名词与它之间存在被动关系。
The recycled books can save money. 这些循环使用的书可以节省钱。
② recycling〔名词〕回收利用
Recycling is important to help protect our environment.回收利用对帮助保护我们的环境很重要。
知识点4:In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world— it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste.事实上,瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一,它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。
(1) successfully〔副词〕有成效地;成功地
After months of hard work, she successfully completed the project.经过几个月的努力工作,她成功地完成了这个项目。
拓展 successful〔形容词〕有成效的;成功的
His efforts to improve his English have been successful.他提升英语的努力很有成效。
He is a successful writer. 他是一位成功的作家。
(2) total
①〔形容词〕总的,全部的
the total number of……的总数
The club has a total membership of 300. 这个社团的成员总数为300人。
The total number of letters received last month was twenty.上个月共收到20封信。
②〔名词〕总数;合计
in total 总共,合计(= in all)
a total of 总数为(后接具体数量)
We have learnt 2,000 English words in total so far.迄今为止我们总共学了2000个英语单词。
Out of a total of 10 games, they only won 2.在总共10场比赛中,他们只胜了2场。
知识点5:Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution.我们的政府有严格的法律来保护森林和控制污染。
(1) strict〔形容词〕严格的;严厉的
在句中作表语或定语。
strict rules/ regulations 严格的规则/规章制度
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
be strict about sth 对某事要求严格
My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求严格。
Our maths teacher is always strict about his work.我们的数学老师总是对他的工作要求严格。
(2) control
①〔及物动词〕(controlled, controlling)控制;管理;支配
He was unable to control the fire. 他无法控制这场火。
②〔名词〕控制;约束;管理
in control 控制,管理
out of control 失去控制
The car has been out of control. 这辆小汽车已经失控了。
知识点6:When people break these rules, they will be punished.当人们违反这些规则时,他们将受到惩罚。
(1) break (broke, broken)
①〔及物动词〕违犯,违背
break the rule 违反规则
He was breaking the speed limit. 他违章超速驾驶。
②〔动词〕(使)破,裂,碎
The boy broke the window this morning. 今天早上那个男孩打破了窗户。
He broke his left leg.他摔断了左腿。
The glass broke.玻璃碎了。
(2)punish〔动词〕惩罚
punish sb for(doing) sth因(做)某事而惩罚某人
The coach punished the team for breaking the rule.教练因球队违反了规则而惩罚了他们。
拓展 punishment〔名词〕惩罚,处罚
She had to tidy the classroom as punishment for being late.由于迟到,她被罚打扫教室。
知识点7:For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined.例如,如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾,我们将被罚款。
Fine
①〔及物动词〕对……处以罚款
be fined for(doing) sth 因(做)某事被罚款
She was fined for speeding. 她因超速而被罚款。
②〔形容词〕健康的,身体很好的
I was feeling fine when I got up this morning. 今天早上我起床时感觉很好。
③〔形容词〕高质量的,美好的
a very fine performance 十分精彩的演出
fine clothes 漂亮的衣服
知识点8:We depend on its rich resources to live,so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠其丰富的资源生存,因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。
wisely〔副词〕明智地 常用来修饰动词。其形容词形式是 wise(明智的)。
Life is a gift, so use it wisely.生命是一种馈赠,所以要明智地使用它。
知识点9:These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out.这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。
run out
①用完,耗尽
其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等,后面不能直接跟宾语。
run out of用完……,耗尽……(其主语为表示人的名词或代词,宾语为被用完的物,相当于 use up)
Her money soon ran out. 她的钱很快就花完了。
I have run out of all my money. 我已经花光了我所有的钱。
②跑出去
run out of从……跑出去
A big animal ran out of the zoo last night. 昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出去。
知识点10:They are going to be used more widely in the future.在未来,它们将被更广泛地应用。
(1)widely 〔副词〕广泛地,普遍地
The medicine is widely used。这种药被广泛使用。
It's widely believed that trees help improve the environment。人们普遍认为树木有助于改善环境。
拓展 wide〔形容词〕宽阔的;广泛的
a wide road一条宽阔的道路
She has wide interests. 她的兴趣很广泛。
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!记住,每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!
(2)make a difference 有作用,有影响
difference前面可加修饰词,如 big, great等;
如果表示“对……有影响”,其后可加介词 to。
Small changes can make a difference. 小的改变也能起作用。
Our action ea n make a big difference to others. 我们的行为会对他人产生很大的影响。
拓展 make no difference to 对....没有影响
It makes no difference to me。 这对我没什么影响。
知识点11:A recycling event is going to be held at our school.我们学校将举行一次回收活动。
hold 〔动词〕(held, held)
①举行,召开
China has kept the promise to hold a green Olympics. 中国信守了举办绿色奥运的承诺。
The meeting will be held at the hotel. 这次会议将在酒店召开。
②拥有 相当于 have 或 own。
They hold different views on this matter. 他们对于这件事持有不同的观点。
③举着,拿着,抓住
He stood in the rain, holding an umbrella. 他站在雨中,举着一把伞。
④容纳
This big stadium can hold over 2,000 people. 这个大体育场可容纳2000多人。
知识点12:I hope everyone will take an active part inat least one activity and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future.我希望每个人都能积极参与至少一项活动,也为你将来想参加的活动投票。
vote 〔动词〕投票,表决
vote for 投票支持vote against 投票反对
vote on sth 就某事进行表决
Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票?
Now we will vote on this question. 现在我们对这个问题进行投票表决。
知识点13:In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted.在许多地方,垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流,因此它们中的许多都被污染了。
pollute 〔及物动词〕污染,弄脏
pollute sth with/ by sth 某物受到某物的污染
The river is polluted with/ by the waste fromfactories.那条河被工厂的废弃物污染了。
拓展
①pollution〔不可数名词〕污染,污染物
air pollution 空气污染
noise pollution噪声污染
②polluted〔形容词〕受污染的
polluted land受污染的土地
知识点14:Sadly over one million seabirds and over100,000 sea animals die every year because of this。可悲的是,每年有100多万只海鸟和10多万只海洋动物因此而死亡。
辨析: because of与 because 二者都意为“因为”,但用法有别。
because of
短语介词
后跟名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式
because 连词
引导状语从句,表示直接、明确的原因或理由
Because of the heavy rain, we had to stay at home to watch TV.因为下大雨,我们只好待在家里看电视。
I didn't buy the shirt because it was too expensive。我没有买那件衬衫,因为它太贵了。
知识点15:According to the United Nations, in the last 40 years, desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land.根据联合国的数据,在过去的40年里,荒漠化已经成为一个问题,影响了地球近30%的土地。
(1) according to 依照,根据
其中 to是介词,其后可接名词、代词或从句。
according to sb = in one's opinion 在某人看来,依某人之见
Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly six kinds of Chinese tea.目前,根据不同的加工方式,中国茶叶主要有六种。
He divided them into three groups according to age.他把他们按年龄分成三组。
According to what he said, it was a good thing.据他所说,那是件好事。
(2)辨析: almost与 nearly
almost可以和 no,never,nothing等表示否定意义的词连用,但不与not连用
nearly可以和not连用,not nearly 意为“远非,绝不是";nearly前可用very,pretty等词修饰
I almost never see her.我几乎从未见过她。
We' ve saved some money, but it's not nearly enough.我们存了一些钱,但还远远不够。
知识点16:In 1997, China joined the UNCCD,an international agreement to fight desertification.1997年,中国加入了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》,这是一项防治荒漠化的国际协议。
fight (作动词时,过去式和过去分词均为fought)
①〔动词〕极力反对;与……作斗争后接斗争的对象。
He has been fighting his illness for years. 他已经与疾病抗争多年了。
Workers are fighting the decision to close the factory.工人们在极力反对关闭工厂的决定。
②〔动词〕打架,打斗;战斗
fight with sb与某人打架/战斗
fight for为……而打架/战斗
My mother tells me not to fight with others.妈妈告诉我不要和别人打架。
They fight for peace.他们为和平而战。
③〔名词〕打架,战斗
have a fight with…和……打架
There are no winners in a fight.打斗中没有赢家。
知识点17:It hardly had any living plants.它几乎没有活的植物。
hardly〔副词〕几乎不,几乎没有
本身含有否定的意思。当 hardly用在反意疑问句中时,附加问句部分要用肯定形式。
It's hardly possible.那几乎是不可能的。
There is hardly a cloud in the sky, is there?天空中几乎没有一朵云,是吗?
注意 hardly不是 hard的副词形式。 hard可作形容词,意为“困难的;坚硬的;苛刻的”,又可作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地”。
知识点18:Many countries are taking action to protect our planet.许多国家正在采取行动保护我们的星球。
take action 采取行动
take action to do sth 采取行动做某事
We must take action at once.我们必须立即采取行动。
We should take action to make food safer. 我们应该采取行动让食物更安全。
知识点19:Turn off lights when leaving a room。离开房间时关灯。
turn off 关掉,切断(电流、煤气、水等)
是“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作宾语时,必须放在 turn 和 off 之间。反义短语为 turn on,意为“打开,接通(电流、煤气、水等)”。
Don't forget to turn off the light. 不要忘记关灯。
Nobody is watching TV. Please turn it off。没有人在看电视,请把它关上。
拓展 与 turn 相关的常见短语:
知识点20:In order to..., we should...为了……,我们应该……
in order to 目的是,为了
表示目的,相当于 so as to。后面接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中;而 so as to 只能放在句中。
in order to do...的否定结构为 in order not to do...
In order to look after his parents, he returned to work in his hometown. 为了照顾父母,他回到了家乡工作。
She started at five o' clock in order not to be late。为了不迟到,她五点钟就出发了。
拓展 in order that为了,目的是 也表示目的,后接从句。若 in order that后从句的主语与主句主语一致,可用 in order to 进行同义句改写。
He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time。= He gets up early in order to get to work on time。他早起的目的是按时上班。
重点语法详解
一般将来时的被动语态
1. 一般将来时的被动语态的常用结构如下:
(1)am / is / are going to be done (be动词的单复数由主语决定),表示“打算被做...”。
(2)will be done表示“将要被做...”,will无人称限制。
这两种结构的否定式都是在be动词和will后加not;
一般疑问句结构只需把be动词和will置于句首;
特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词+(其它)?”
“疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (其它)?”
2.该语态结构有以下两种用法:
(1)表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
Is this work going to be done at once?这项工作将立即完成吗?
Those books won’t be published next month.那些书下个月出版不了。
When will that patient be operated on?那位病人何时要被实施手术?
(2)表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。
Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam. 加热到100度时,水将会变成蒸汽。
If you speak in class, you will be punished by our teacher. 如果你在课堂上讲话,你将会受到我们老师的惩罚。
3.一般将来时的被动语态和主动语态的转换
主动语态的主语,变被动语态时要转换为“by +主语(代词用宾格)”结构;主动语态的谓语动词,变被动语态要用be going to / will be +“该动词的过去分词”。主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。
They will make some parts of the car in the factory. 他们将在工厂里制造车的一些配件。
Some parts of the car will be made in the factory by them.车的一些零件将在工厂里被他们制造。
随堂训练
一.单项选择
1.—A new recycling station ________ in our neighbourhood next month.
—Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner.
A.is built B.isn’t built C.will be built D.won’t be built
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们社区下个月将新建一个回收站。——哇,这是个好消息!环境会变得更干净。
考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“next month”可知,句子应用一般将来时;主语“a new recycling station”与动词build之间是被动关系,结合“Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner.”可知此处表示肯定,因此用一般将来时的被动语态“will be built”。故选C。
2.The 2028 Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles.
A.hold B.are held C.will hold D.will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意:2028年奥运会将在洛杉矶举行。
考查时态和语态。主语The 2028 Olympic Games和动词hold之间是被动关系,且动作还未发生,故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。
3.It is said that more railways ________ to improve the traffic situation in our city.
A.built B.will be built C.are building D.have been built
【答案】B
【详解】句意:据说将修建更多的铁路来改善我们城市的交通状况。
考查动词时态。根据“It is said that more railways...”可知此处需用一般将来时,且主语“railways”与“修建”之间存在被动关系,因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态,即will be done。故选B。
4.The meeting ________ at the community center this afternoon. Please prepare some hot water and paper cups.
A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.holds
【答案】B
【详解】句意:会议将于今天下午在社区中心举行。请准备一些热水和纸杯。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“this afternoon”以及“Please prepare some hot water and paper cups.”可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,应用一般将来时;主语The meeting和动词hold之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,所以空处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
5.—No matter how many difficulties we meet, I believe all the problems ________ in the end.
—I hope so.
A.solve B.will solve C.are solved D.will be solved
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——无论我们遇到多少困难,我相信所有问题最终都会解决。——希望如此。
考查动词时态和语态。根据句意“所有问题最终都会被解决”,需用将来时的被动语态(will be done结构)。主语problems与solve之间是被动关系,且时间状语“in the end”指向未来。故选D。
二.单句语法填空
1.—Where the 2026 Winter Olympics (hold)?
—In Italy.
【答案】 will be held
【详解】句意:——2026年冬奥会将在哪里举行?——在意大利。根据“2026”可知,此处用一般将来时,结合主语“the 2026 Winter Olympics”和谓语动词hold“举行”存在被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will;be held。
2.It’s reported that the high-speed railway station (complete) next year.
【答案】will be completed
【详解】句意:据报道,这座高铁站将于明年完工。根据“next year”可知,此句时态为一般将来时。complete“完成”,动词,与主语“the high-speed railway station”是逻辑上的动宾关系,用一般将来时态的被动语态,结构为“will be done”。complete的过去分词为completed。故填will be completed。
3.My book review will (complete) soon, I can’t wait to share it with my best friends.
【答案】be completed
【详解】句意:我的书评马上就要完成了,我等不及要和我最好的朋友分享了。主语“My book review”和谓语动词“complete”之间是被动关系,需要使用被动语态,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为will be+动词的过去分词。故填be completed。
4.You if you throw your rubbish everywhere in Jinshan Park. (punish)
【答案】will be punished
【详解】句意:如果你在金山公园到处扔垃圾,你将会被惩罚。根据“if you throw your rubbish everywhere in Jinshan Park.”可知,本句为if引导的条件状语从句,从句用了一般现在时,主句常用一般将来时,主句主语You与punish之间为被动关系,需一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为will be done。故填will be punished。
5.They need to walk together because only the team’s finishing time will be (record).
【答案】recorded
【详解】句意:他们需要一起行走,因为只有团队的完成时间会被记录。主语the team’s finishing time与record之间是动宾关系,空处用过去分词与will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填recorded。
写作详解
本单元的主题是“绿色世界”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式介绍保护环境的重要性和措施。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①环境污染情况(问题阐述与原因分析);②保护环境的意义;③保护环境的措施;④呼吁参加环保行动。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
地球是我们的家,人人都有责任保护它。现在环境方面的问题越来越多,为保护环境,作为中学生的你在日常生活中该注意些什么?请根据以下提示,以“How to be a green teenager”为题,写一篇短文。
提示:1.环境问题及危害;2.可以采取哪些措施来保护环境;3.你对于保护环境的看法。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.短文必须包含以上提示内容,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to be a green teenager
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:第一人称、第三人称
4.必备词句:
(1)these days如今
(2)for example比如
(3)be harmful to... 对……有害
(4)take action采取行动
(5)protect the environment保护环境
(6)turn off关闭
(7)divide...into... 把……分成……
(8)hope for希望
(9)pay attention关注
(10)better and better越来越好
(11)a rubbish dump垃圾场
(12)get rid of摆脱/除去
(13)break down情不自禁地哭起来
(14)time and time again一再
(15)in honour of...为纪念……
(16)raise public awareness of the environment提高公众的环保意识
(17)As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.作为青少年,我们应该采取行动保护环境。
(18)We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better.我们不能期望快速改变,但如果每个人都开始关注,环境将会越来越好。
(19)Just keep working, no matter who criticizes you, no matter how long it takes, no matter how many times you fall.只管继续努力,无论谁批评你,无论要花费多长时间,无论你跌倒多少次。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
How to be a green teenager
These days, there are many problems with the environment. For example, lots of rubbish is produced and it is harmful to the environment. As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.
First, we'd better walk or ride a bike to school. Second, turn off the lights and water when we don't need them③. It saves money and causes less pollution. Finally, divide our rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and rubber so that we can recycle it easily.
We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better. We should remember that it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
随堂训练
假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Protect the Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题海报及宣传稿,需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生应该怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海报提示,以“Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!”为题,用英语给专栏写一篇稿件。
写作要求:
(1)层次清晰,语言流畅;
(2)词数在90~100之间,开头部分已给出,不计入总词数;
(3)书写规范,卷面整洁;
(4)文中不能出现考生姓名和学校名称。
Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!
The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】
Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!
The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now. As middle school students, we have the power to make a difference and help save the earth!
To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more trees, and reducing pollution. We can also save animals and recycle whenever possible. We can also choose to ride a bike instead of driving a car to help stop pollution, and make sure to always throw trash in the proper bins. By doing our part, we can make a positive impact on the environment and create a better future for ourselves and generations to come.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为看图作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:根据海报完成写作,不能遗漏信息,以第一人称为主。
[写作步骤]
第一步,承接开头,呼吁大家保护地球;
第二步,具体阐述作为中学生怎样保护环境;
第三步,最后宣讲环保的意义。
[亮点词汇]
①make a difference产生影响;有所作为
②instead of代替
③make a positive impact on对……产生积极影响
[高分句型]
①To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more trees, and reducing pollution.(动词不定式作目的状语)
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit 8 A green world 单元复习
词句背默清单
重点单词
1.倾倒,倒出;倾泻 _________________
2.(使)分开;区分 _________________
3.回收利用_________________
4.违犯,违背;(使)破,裂,碎 _________________
5.惩罚_________________
6.对……处以罚款 _________________
7.原因;理由 _________________
8.土壤 _________________
9.卡车;载重汽车 _________________
10.燃料 _________________
11.标准,水平 _________________
12.资源 _________________
13.管理_________________
14.不洁净的 _________________
15.清澈的;晴朗的;了解清楚的 _________________
16.环保的_________________
17.总的,全部的_________________
18.严格的 _________________
19.有成效地 _________________
20.明智地 _________________
21.广泛地,普遍地 _________________
22.adj.化学品的;化学的 n.化学制品
_________________
23.vt. & n.控制 _________________
24.投票,表决_________________
25.污染 _________________
26.影响 _________________
27.海报 _________________
28.气体 _________________
29.咳嗽 _________________
30.海鸟 _________________
31.沙漠化 _________________
32.损坏,损失;损害 _________________
33.太阳能 _________________
34.电池 _________________
35.电,电能_________________
36.供一次使用的 _________________
37.二手的 _________________
38.电子的_________________
39.几乎不,几乎没有 _________________
词汇拓展
1. chemical(n. 化学品)—(adj. 化学品的)__________
2. pollute(v. 污染)—(n. 污染)__________
3. separate(v. 分开)—(adj. 分开的)__________
4. recycle(v. 回收)—(n. 回收)__________
5. succeed(v. 成功)—(adv. 成功地)__________
6. strict(adj. 严格的)—(adv. 严格地)__________
7. control(v. 控制)—(n. 控制)__________
8. punish(v. 惩罚)—(n. 惩罚)__________
9. wise(adj. 明智的)—(adv. 明智地)__________
10. protect(v. 保护)—(n. 保护)__________
重点短语
1.与……分享……_________________
2.把……分成_________________
3.违反规则 _________________
4.用完,耗尽_________________
5.有作用,有影响_________________
6.除了……外(都) _________________
7.依照,根据 _________________
8.注意 _________________
9.积极参加_________________
10.至少 _________________
11.投票支持 _________________
12.发生 _________________
13.采取行动做某事_________________
14.开个好头_________________
15.采取行动 _________________
16.充满 _________________
17.希望做某事 _________________
18.洗淋浴 _________________
19.关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)_________________
20.否定;拒绝 _________________
21. ……的重要性 _________________
重点句子
1.和别人拼车去学校或乘公交是个好主意。
_____________________________________________________________
2.它(瑞士)很美,而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。
____________________________________________________________
3.在瑞士,玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类,然后再回收。
____________________________________________________________
4.我们依赖它丰富的资源生存,因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。
____________________________________________________________
5.这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。
__________________________________________________________
6.记住,每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!
____________________________________________________________
7.该市在垃圾管理方面有严格的法律。
_________________________________________________________
8.我们学校将举办一次回收活动。
_____________________________________________________________
9.该演出将于何时举行?
_________________________________________________________________
10.污染是当今世界最大的问题之一。
_________________________________________________________________
11.我们每个人都会有机会思考我们周围的世界。
_________________________________________________________________
12.中国拥有世界上一些最大的沙漠,并且正在努力改变这种状况。
______________________________________________________________
13.中国在处理荒漠化问题上已经实现良好开局。
_____________________________________________________________
14.只要我们共同努力,就能产生巨大影响,开创更美好的未来。
______________________________________________________________
15.城市里也有新的系统来处理污水。
_____________________________________________________________
16.行动起来保护环境!
_________________________________________________________________
17.重复利用旧物是过更环保生活的另一种方式。
_______________________________________________________________
重点知识详解
知识点1:Noise pollution 噪声污染
辨析: noise, sound 与 voice
noise
嘈杂声;噪声
常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声
sound
声音
泛指自然界的各种声音
voice
声音,嗓音
一般指人的声音,如说话、唱歌的声音。voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示动物的声音
Don't make any __________!别吵闹!
Light travels much faster than __________. 光比声音传播得快得多。
The boy has a beautiful __________.那个男孩嗓音很美。
知识点2:Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes被倒入河流和湖泊的化学制品
pour
①〔及物动词〕倾倒,倒出
pour… into…把 倒入
pour… out 把 倒出
I' ve __________a cup of tea for you. 我给你倒了一杯茶。
Stop __________dirty water __________the rivers or lakes nearby.停止把废水倒进附近的河流或湖泊。
Please pour the milk __________.请把牛奶倒出来。
②〔不及物动词〕倾泻
Light was __________into the courtyard. 光洒进庭院。
③〔动词〕(雨)倾盆而下;下大雨
It's __________outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。
知识点3:In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士,像玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类,然后再回收。
(1) separate
①〔动词〕(使)分开
separate... into 把……分成
separate from 分离,隔开
separate... from... 把······和······分开
The police wanted to separate them __________smaller groups.警察想把他们分成更小的组。
Separating __________my friends makes me sad.与朋友分离使我感到难过。
We'd better separate the good apples __________the bad ones. 我们最好把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
②〔及物动词〕区分
It is difficult to separate legend __________truth.很难将传说和事实区别开来。
③〔形容词〕单独的;分开的
We don't have a __________dining room.我们没有单独的餐厅。
(2) recycle〔及物动词〕回收利用
它是由前缀 re-加动词 cycle 构成的。
We should __________books and paper to save trees. 我们应该回收利用书和纸张来拯救树木。
拓展 ① recycled 是 recycle 的过去分词,常作定语,所修饰的名词与它之间存在被动关系。
The __________books can save money. 这些循环使用的书可以节省钱。
② recycling〔名词〕回收利用
__________is important to help protect our environment.回收利用对帮助保护我们的环境很重要。
知识点4:In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world— it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste.事实上,瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一,它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。
(1) successfully〔副词〕有成效地;成功地
After months of hard work, she __________completed the project.经过几个月的努力工作,她成功地完成了这个项目。
拓展 successful〔形容词〕有成效的;成功的
His efforts to improve his English have been __________.他提升英语的努力很有成效。
He is a __________writer. 他是一位成功的作家。
(2) total
①〔形容词〕总的,全部的
the total number of……的总数
The club has a total __________of 300. 这个社团的成员总数为300人。
The total number __________letters received last month was twenty.上个月共收到20封信。
②〔名词〕总数;合计
in total 总共,合计(= in all)
a total of 总数为(后接具体数量)
We have learnt 2,000 English words __________total so far.迄今为止我们总共学了2000个英语单词。
Out of a total __________10 games, they only won 2.在总共10场比赛中,他们只胜了2场。
知识点5:Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution.我们的政府有严格的法律来保护森林和控制污染。
(1) strict〔形容词〕严格的;严厉的
在句中作表语或定语。
strict rules/ regulations 严格的规则/规章制度
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
be strict about sth 对某事要求严格
My parents are __________with me.我父母对我要求严格。
Our maths teacher is always strict __________his work.我们的数学老师总是对他的工作要求严格。
(2) control
①〔及物动词〕(controlled, controlling)控制;管理;支配
He was unable __________control the fire. 他无法控制这场火。
②〔名词〕控制;约束;管理
in control 控制,管理
out of control 失去控制
The car has been out of __________. 这辆小汽车已经失控了。
知识点6:When people break these rules, they will be punished.当人们违反这些规则时,他们将受到惩罚。
(1) break (broke, broken)
①〔及物动词〕违犯,违背
break the rule 违反规则
He was __________the speed limit. 他违章超速驾驶。
②〔动词〕(使)破,裂,碎
The boy __________the window this morning. 今天早上那个男孩打破了窗户。
He __________his left leg.他摔断了左腿。
The glass __________.玻璃碎了。
(2)punish〔动词〕惩罚
punish sb for(doing) sth因(做)某事而惩罚某人
The coach __________the team for breaking the rule.教练因球队违反了规则而惩罚了他们。
拓展 punishment〔名词〕惩罚,处罚
She had to tidy the classroom as __________for being late.由于迟到,她被罚打扫教室。
知识点7:For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined.例如,如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾,我们将被罚款。
Fine
①〔及物动词〕对……处以罚款
be fined for(doing) sth 因(做)某事被罚款
She was fined for __________. 她因超速而被罚款。
②〔形容词〕健康的,身体很好的
I was feeling __________when I got up this morning. 今天早上我起床时感觉很好。
③〔形容词〕高质量的,美好的
a very fine performance 十分精彩的演出
fine clothes 漂亮的衣服
知识点8:We depend on its rich resources to live,so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠其丰富的资源生存,因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。
wisely〔副词〕明智地 常用来修饰动词。其形容词形式是 wise(明智的)。
Life is a gift, so use it __________.生命是一种馈赠,所以要明智地使用它。
知识点9:These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out.这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。
run out
①用完,耗尽
其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等,后面不能直接跟宾语。
run out of用完……,耗尽……(其主语为表示人的名词或代词,宾语为被用完的物,相当于 use up)
Her money soon ran __________. 她的钱很快就花完了。
I have run out __________all my money. 我已经花光了我所有的钱。
②跑出去
run out of从……跑出去
A big animal ran out __________the zoo last night. 昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出去。
知识点10:They are going to be used more widely in the future.在未来,它们将被更广泛地应用。
(1)widely 〔副词〕广泛地,普遍地
The medicine is widely used。这种药被广泛使用。
It's __________believed that trees help improve the environment。人们普遍认为树木有助于改善环境。
拓展 wide〔形容词〕宽阔的;广泛的
a wide road一条宽阔的道路
She has wide interests. 她的兴趣很广泛。
Remember that everyone can do something to make a __________!记住,每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!
(2)make a difference 有作用,有影响
difference前面可加修饰词,如 big, great等;
如果表示“对……有影响”,其后可加介词 to。
Small changes can make a __________. 小的改变也能起作用。
Our action ea n make a big __________to others. 我们的行为会对他人产生很大的影响。
拓展 make no difference to 对....没有影响
It makes no __________to me。 这对我没什么影响。
知识点11:A recycling event is going to be held at our school.我们学校将举行一次回收活动。
hold 〔动词〕(held, held)
①举行,召开
China has kept the promise to __________a green Olympics. 中国信守了举办绿色奥运的承诺。
The meeting will be __________at the hotel. 这次会议将在酒店召开。
②拥有 相当于 have 或 own。
They __________different views on this matter. 他们对于这件事持有不同的观点。
③举着,拿着,抓住
He stood in the rain, __________an umbrella. 他站在雨中,举着一把伞。
④容纳
This big stadium can __________over 2,000 people. 这个大体育场可容纳2000多人。
知识点12:I hope everyone will take an active part inat least one activity and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future.我希望每个人都能积极参与至少一项活动,也为你将来想参加的活动投票。
vote 〔动词〕投票,表决
vote for 投票支持vote against 投票反对
vote on sth 就某事进行表决
Did you vote __________or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票?
Now we will vote __________this question. 现在我们对这个问题进行投票表决。
知识点13:In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted.在许多地方,垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流,因此它们中的许多都被污染了。
pollute 〔及物动词〕污染,弄脏
pollute sth with/ by sth 某物受到某物的污染
The river is polluted __________the waste from factories.那条河被工厂的废弃物污染了。
拓展
①pollution〔不可数名词〕污染,污染物
air pollution 空气污染
noise pollution噪声污染
②polluted〔形容词〕受污染的
polluted land受污染的土地
知识点14:Sadly over one million seabirds and over100,000 sea animals die every year because of this。可悲的是,每年有100多万只海鸟和10多万只海洋动物因此而死亡。
辨析: because of与 because 二者都意为“因为”,但用法有别。
because of
短语介词
后跟名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式
because 连词
引导状语从句,表示直接、明确的原因或理由
__________of the heavy rain, we had to stay at home to watch TV.因为下大雨,我们只好待在家里看电视。
I didn't buy the shirt __________it was too expensive。我没有买那件衬衫,因为它太贵了。
知识点15:According to the United Nations, in the last 40 years, desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land.根据联合国的数据,在过去的40年里,荒漠化已经成为一个问题,影响了地球近30%的土地。
(1) according to 依照,根据
其中 to是介词,其后可接名词、代词或从句。
according to sb = in one's opinion 在某人看来,依某人之见
Nowadays, __________to different processing ways, there are mainly six kinds of Chinese tea.目前,根据不同的加工方式,中国茶叶主要有六种。
He divided them into three groups __________to age.他把他们按年龄分成三组。
__________to what he said, it was a good thing.据他所说,那是件好事。
(2)辨析: almost与 nearly
almost可以和 no,never,nothing等表示否定意义的词连用,但不与not连用
nearly可以和not连用,not nearly 意为“远非,绝不是";nearly前可用very,pretty等词修饰
I __________never see her.我几乎从未见过她。
We' ve saved some money, but it's not __________enough.我们存了一些钱,但还远远不够。
知识点16:In 1997, China joined the UNCCD,an international agreement to fight desertification.1997年,中国加入了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》,这是一项防治荒漠化的国际协议。
fight (作动词时,过去式和过去分词均为fought)
①〔动词〕极力反对;与……作斗争后接斗争的对象。
He has been __________his illness for years. 他已经与疾病抗争多年了。
Workers are __________the decision to close the factory.工人们在极力反对关闭工厂的决定。
②〔动词〕打架,打斗;战斗
fight with sb与某人打架/战斗
fight for为……而打架/战斗
My mother tells me not to fight __________others.妈妈告诉我不要和别人打架。
They fight __________peace.他们为和平而战。
③〔名词〕打架,战斗
have a fight with…和……打架
There are no winners in a __________.打斗中没有赢家。
知识点17:It hardly had any living plants.它几乎没有活的植物。
hardly〔副词〕几乎不,几乎没有
本身含有否定的意思。当 hardly用在反意疑问句中时,附加问句部分要用肯定形式。
It's hardly possible.那几乎是不可能的。
There is __________a cloud in the sky, is there?天空中几乎没有一朵云,是吗?
注意 hardly不是 hard的副词形式。 hard可作形容词,意为“困难的;坚硬的;苛刻的”,又可作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地”。
知识点18:Many countries are taking action to protect our planet.许多国家正在采取行动保护我们的星球。
take action 采取行动
take action to do sth 采取行动做某事
We must take __________at once.我们必须立即采取行动。
We should take __________to make food safer. 我们应该采取行动让食物更安全。
知识点19:Turn off lights when leaving a room。离开房间时关灯。
turn off 关掉,切断(电流、煤气、水等)
是“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作宾语时,必须放在 turn 和 off 之间。反义短语为 turn on,意为“打开,接通(电流、煤气、水等)”。
Don't forget to turn __________the light. 不要忘记关灯。
Nobody is watching TV. Please turn __________off。没有人在看电视,请把它关上。
拓展 与 turn 相关的常见短语:
知识点20:In order to..., we should...为了……,我们应该……
in order to 目的是,为了
表示目的,相当于 so as to。后面接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中;而 so as to 只能放在句中。
in order to do...的否定结构为 in order not to do...
__________ look after his parents, he returned to work in his hometown. 为了照顾父母,他回到了家乡工作。
She started at five o' clock in order __________to be late。为了不迟到,她五点钟就出发了。
拓展 in order that为了,目的是 也表示目的,后接从句。若 in order that后从句的主语与主句主语一致,可用 in order to 进行同义句改写。
He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time。= He gets up early____________________get to work on time。他早起的目的是按时上班。
重点语法详解
一般将来时的被动语态
1. 一般将来时的被动语态的常用结构如下:
(1)am / is / are going to be done (be动词的单复数由主语决定),表示“打算被做...”。
(2)will be done表示“将要被做...”,will无人称限制。
这两种结构的否定式都是在be动词和will后加not;
一般疑问句结构只需把be动词和will置于句首;
特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词+(其它)?”
“疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (其它)?”
2.该语态结构有以下两种用法:
(1)表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
Is this work going to be done at once?这项工作将立即完成吗?
Those books won’t be published next month.那些书下个月出版不了。
When will that patient be operated on?那位病人何时要被实施手术?
(2)表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。
Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam. 加热到100度时,水将会变成蒸汽。
If you speak in class, you will be punished by our teacher. 如果你在课堂上讲话,你将会受到我们老师的惩罚。
3.一般将来时的被动语态和主动语态的转换
主动语态的主语,变被动语态时要转换为“by +主语(代词用宾格)”结构;主动语态的谓语动词,变被动语态要用be going to / will be +“该动词的过去分词”。主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。
They will make some parts of the car in the factory. 他们将在工厂里制造车的一些配件。
Some parts of the car will be made in the factory by them.车的一些零件将在工厂里被他们制造。
随堂训练
一.单项选择
1.—A new recycling station ________ in our neighbourhood next month.
—Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner.
A.is built B.isn’t built C.will be built D.won’t be built
2.The 2028 Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles.
A.hold B.are held C.will hold D.will be held
3.It is said that more railways ________ to improve the traffic situation in our city.
A.built B.will be built C.are building D.have been built
4.The meeting ________ at the community center this afternoon. Please prepare some hot water and paper cups.
A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.holds
5.—No matter how many difficulties we meet, I believe all the problems ________ in the end.
—I hope so.
A.solve B.will solve C.are solved D.will be solved
二.单句语法填空
1.—Where the 2026 Winter Olympics (hold)?
—In Italy.
2.It’s reported that the high-speed railway station (complete) next year.
3.My book review will (complete) soon, I can’t wait to share it with my best friends.
4.You if you throw your rubbish everywhere in Jinshan Park. (punish)
5.They need to walk together because only the team’s finishing time will be (record).
写作详解
本单元的主题是“绿色世界”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式介绍保护环境的重要性和措施。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①环境污染情况(问题阐述与原因分析);②保护环境的意义;③保护环境的措施;④呼吁参加环保行动。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
地球是我们的家,人人都有责任保护它。现在环境方面的问题越来越多,为保护环境,作为中学生的你在日常生活中该注意些什么?请根据以下提示,以“How to be a green teenager”为题,写一篇短文。
提示:1.环境问题及危害;2.可以采取哪些措施来保护环境;3.你对于保护环境的看法。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.短文必须包含以上提示内容,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to be a green teenager
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:第一人称、第三人称
4.必备词句:
(1)these days如今
(2)for example比如
(3)be harmful to... 对……有害
(4)take action采取行动
(5)protect the environment保护环境
(6)turn off关闭
(7)divide...into... 把……分成……
(8)hope for希望
(9)pay attention关注
(10)better and better越来越好
(11)a rubbish dump垃圾场
(12)get rid of摆脱/除去
(13)break down情不自禁地哭起来
(14)time and time again一再
(15)in honour of...为纪念……
(16)raise public awareness of the environment提高公众的环保意识
(17)As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.作为青少年,我们应该采取行动保护环境。
(18)We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better.我们不能期望快速改变,但如果每个人都开始关注,环境将会越来越好。
(19)Just keep working, no matter who criticizes you, no matter how long it takes, no matter how many times you fall.只管继续努力,无论谁批评你,无论要花费多长时间,无论你跌倒多少次。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
How to be a green teenager
These days, there are many problems with the environment. For example, lots of rubbish is produced and it is harmful to the environment. As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________随堂训练
假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Protect the Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题海报及宣传稿,需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生应该怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海报提示,以“Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!”为题,用英语给专栏写一篇稿件。
写作要求:
(1)层次清晰,语言流畅;
(2)词数在90~100之间,开头部分已给出,不计入总词数;
(3)书写规范,卷面整洁;
(4)文中不能出现考生姓名和学校名称。
Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!
The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now.
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