清单04 非谓语动词（定语、状语）（二）（抢分清单·图文版）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

不定式作定语 (to do,to be done) 用法规则 中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the onlys等， 或被这类词修饰，且中心词是动作执行者时， 用不定式作定语。 田田田四 2 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。 常见抽象名词：ability,chance,.idea,hope,wish, fact,excuse,.promise,attempt,way等。 例句 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. (他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。) 7 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. (表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。) 温馨提示女 ●若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需加必要介词；但被修饰名词为 place,.time,way等时，介词可省略。 e8663999 MALL Would you please give me The shopping mall is a some paper to write on? good place to go. (请给我一些能写字的纸好吗？) (购物中心是个好去处。) 分词作定语(doing,being done,done) 现在分词(doing/being done) The park was full of people ●主动关系/进行中： enjoying themselves 被修饰名词是动作执行者， in the sunshine. 或被动动作正在进行。 (主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. (被动、进行) 过去分词(done The players selected from ●被动关系已完成： the whole country are 被修饰名词是动作承受者， expected to bring us honor. 或动作已完成。 (被动、完成) 易混辨析 类型 示例 ·falling leaves(正在下落的叶子) 不及物动词的分词 ·fallen leaves(落叶，表完成) 动名词作定语（表用途）》 ·a walking stick(拐杖) 虹 ·a reading room(阅览室) 不定式作状语 目的状语 ●表“为了…”， 可放句首/句中/句末；强调时加 Study Hard! in order to(可句首)或so as to(不可句首)。 He studies hard to pass the exam. In order to catch the early bus, she got up at 5 a.m. 结果状语 车站 ●表意外结果，常用结构： STATION only to /too...to enough to so...as to. He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. (不料火车已开走) 原因状语 Thank ●用于“主语+系动词+形容词+todo”结构 you! (如sorry,glad,surprised等)。 She was happy to receive the gift. 温馨提示 ●形容词如easy/difficult/important等 表主语特征时，不定式用主动表被动： The morning air is so good to breathe. 22/ teui 分词作状语 ★功能与逻辑关系 状语类型 相当于从句 示例（逻辑主语=句子主语） 时间 when/while Hearing the news,she cried. 原因 because/since Being ill,he stayed at home. 条件 if/unless Given more time,I can finish. 结果（自然） thus+doing His father died,leaving him rich. $ 伴随 并列句 He sat there,reading a book. 易混辨析：结果状语 不定式：意外结果(only to) 现在分词：自然结果(thus doing) 没人！ He rushed out,only to find nobody outside It rained heavily,thus causing floods. ★特殊状态分词 (表状态，不表被动/完成)：absorbed,dressed,lost,seated.… Absorbed in his book,he didn't notice me 独立主格 构成与作用 ★逻辑主语 (名词/代词)+非谓语/形容词/副词/介词短语 ★表时间、原因、条件、伴随，相当于状语从句或并列句。 例句 Much work to do tonight,we can't go to the film. (今晚有很多工作要做→原因状语) Weather permitting,they will go outing tomorrow. (天气允许的话→条件状语) 3 He lay on the grass,his hands crossed under his head. (双手交叉枕在头下→伴随状语) 独立成分作状语 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据…判断 considering... 考虑到… to tell you the truth 说实话 given... 考虑到… compared to/with... 与…相比 ★示例 Judging from his accent,he must be I'm from the from the south. south. Compared with last year, our income has increased. Last year This year m 非谓语动词的形式与功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 一般式 to do to be done 不定式 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done × X 完成式 having been having done done 式 doing being done 现在 × X 分词 分词 完成 having been having done done 一般式 过去分词 done(vt.) done(vi.) X X 表完成 表被动与完成 小贴士 √“√”表示该形式的非谓语动词可在该句子成分中使用。 X“×”表示该形式的非谓语动词不能在该句子成分中使用。 ★(i.)表示不及物动词；(t)表示及物动词。 非谓语动词解题步骤 确定谓语与非谓语 Verb or 句中无其他动词→填谓语（考虑时态/语态/住谓一致）； Non-verb? ● 已有谓语且无连词→填非谓语(todo/doing/done)。 确定形式( 主动/被动) 主语 ● 逻辑主语（句子主语）与动词是主谓关系→doing; ● 是动宾关系→done。 主谓关系 动宾关系 doing done 3 确定时态（动作先后） 将来动作→todo/to be done; 将来 正在进行→doing/being done; 已完成→done/having done/having been done。 示例 (See)from the top, the city looks beautiful. (主语city与see是动宾关系→Seen)