清单05 定语从句与名词性从句（抢分清单·图文版）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

定语从句关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语（限制性可省略）、表语 whom 人 宾语（限制性可省略） whose 人/物 定语 (=of whom/of which) that 人/物 主语、宾语（限制性可省略）、表语 which 物 主语、宾语（限制性可省略） as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 例句 ·The girl who is reading is my sister.(who作主语) ·This is the book that I bought yesterday..(that作宾语，可省略) 先行词 关系代词 从句 被定语从句修饰的 对先行词进行 名词或代词 修饰说明 提示：在限制性定语从句中，who/whom/that/which作宾语时可以省略。 定语从句关系副词 先行词 关系副词 从句中作用 与“介词+关系代词”的转换 时间名词 when 时间状语 at/in/on/during which 65 (time,day.…) 地点名词 where 地点状语 in/at/to/on which (park,place...) 原因名词 why 原因状语 for which (reason) 女例句 I still remember the day when we first met. (on which) This is the factory where my father works. (in which) when where why 时间 地点 原因 11 12 at /in on during in at to/on for which which which 限制性定语从句中☆ ☆ 保 只用that不用which的情况 不定代词 既有人 all,much,little, 又有物 something,everything... that the only/any/ 主句主语是 few/no/very 疑问词 修饰的先行词 who/which 最高级或 序数词 先行词为不定代词： all,much,little, I have read all that something, you gave me. everythings等。 先行词被the only/ This is the only book any/few/no/very 修饰： that I need. 先行词是最高级 This is the best film 或序数词： that I've ever seen. 先行词既有人 They talked about 又有物： the people and things that they saw. 主句主语是 Who is the girl 疑问词who/which: that is standing there? 小贴士：在以上这些情况下的限制性定语从句中，一律用that,不用which。 定语从句中只用 which不用that的情况 1. 引导非限制性定语从句： His new car, 非限制性定语从句对先行词 which cost 进行补充说明，句子中通常 200,000yuan, 用逗号与主句分开。 was stolen. 2.介词后指物： 当关系代词在定语从句中 This is the house 作介词的宾语时，只能用 in which I lived. which。 3.先行词是that: 当先行词是不定代词 What's that which that时，定语从句中 flashed in the sky? 用which。 4.关系代词后有插入语： The book,which 当关系代词后有插入语时， 为了避免歧义，只能用 I think is very useful, which。 is worth reading Useful Book 小贴士 在定语从句中，which指物；that既可指人也可指物。 掌握which的特殊用法，能让你的英语表达更准确、地道！ as与which在 非限制定语从句中的区别 关系词 as which 位置 可位于句首、句中、句末 通常位于主句后 “正如…” 表意 “这一点/这件事” 常与see/know/report等 指代主句内容 动词搭配 ☆例句 As is known to all,the earth is round. (as位于句首) He failed the exam,which made his parents angry. (which指代前文) as which 常用as结构 像双向箭头连接主句和从句 像单向箭头指向主句 从句（补充说明） as we know 从句 (指代主句内容) as is reported as often happens 主句（主要内容） 主句（主要内容） 小贴士：非限制定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明，不影响主句意思哦！ whose引导的定语从句 用法 表示“.…的”，修饰人或物，可转换为“the+名词+of whom/which”。 ☆ 例句 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. father (the father of whom of whom ● The house whose windows are broken is empty. windows (the windows of which) of which 000 转换公式 指人： whose n. the n.of whom 指物： whose n. the n.of which 海分 关系副词使用的特殊情况 1.抽象地点名词作先行词 抽象地点 (activity,case,situation) → We are in a situation where we need to make a decision. 如：activity,case,situation等 表示抽象的“地点/环境”。 2.occasion的两种用法： 12 11 表“时机” 10 I'll never forget the occasion when 用when I met her. 5 表“场合” This is the occasion where 用where formal dress is required. ★3.way作先行词（表方式）： speaks >I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks. 在口语或非正式语境中，关系词可省略。 ☆ 介词+关系代词”的用法 关系代词选择： 指人用whom,指物用which。 指人用whom 指物用which 介词确定三原则： 0-00 先行词搭配： the day on which I was born (day与on搭配) 动词搭配： the book about which we talked (talk about) 句意需要： the gas without which we cannot live (根据句意选without) 介词 搭配原则 二关系代词 例句： This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. 0 Tips 先确定介词，再选择关系代词， 让句子更准确、自然！ 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词作主语时：谓语与先行词保持一数。 The students who are from China study hard. (先行词students为复数) 2 one of+复数名词： ● 无the only:从句谓语用复数 He is one of the boys who play football well. ● 有the only:从句谓语用单数 He is the only one of the boys who plays football well. 先行词 致 谓语动词 (名词或代词) (从句中的动词) 小贴士：在定语从句中，谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致哦！ 名词性从句连接词一览表 类型 引导词 功能 that 无意义，不作成分 从属连词 whether/if “是否”，不作成分 because/as if “因为”/“好像”，不作成分 who/whom/what/ 连接代词 作主语、宾语、表语或定语 whose/which/"-ever" when/where/why/ 连接副词 作状语 how/"-ever" 温馨提示： 名词性从句用陈述语序→Do you know where the party will be held? 四种名词性从句及例句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 连接词： 连接词： 连接词： 连接词： that /whether if that whether /if that whether /if that /whether if because/as if wh-词/-ever wh-词/-ever wh-词/-ever That he will come I don't know The question is The news is certain. what she said. why he is late. that he won the prize is true. what与that引导 名词性从句的辨析 引导词 特点 that 从属连词，无意义，不作成分。 that 连接代词，意为“.…的事/物” what (=the thing that) 需作主语、宾语或表语。 例句 that o I think that he is honest. (that不作成分) I don't understand what he said. (what作宾语，=the thing that) that不可省略的情况 ①主语从句位于句首： 100 That he passed the exam is good news. 2】 多个宾语从句并列： He said(that)he would come and that he would bring a gift. whether与if 引导名词性从句的用法 可互换 只能用whether 动词后宾语从句； 0 主语从句（句首） 。t作形式主语的主语从句 ·表语从句和同位语从句 (句末)。 ·介词宾语从句 ● 与or not连用 ●后接todo ☆ 例句 ★I wonder whether/,if she will come.(宾语从句，可互换) ★Whether she will come is uncertain.(主语从句，只能用whether) ★The question is whether we should go.(表语从句，只能用whether) whether:多种选择 f:单一路径 or not to do 句首（主语从句） 表语从句 介词宾语从句 小贴士：不确定用哪个时，优先用whether,更稳妥！ What/who/which与“-ever”的辨析 普通连接代词 2 “-ever"”连接代词 what “什么”/“…的事” whatever “任何事”(=anything that) (含疑问意味) who “谁” whoever “任何人”(=anyone who)） (含疑问意味) which “哪一个” whichever “任何一个”（含泛指) (含疑问意味) 例句 I don't know what he wants. (疑问：他想要什么？) I'll give you whatever you need. (泛指：任何你需要的东西) Whoever wins will get a prize. (Anyone who wins) 普通连接代词含有疑问意味，表示“某事/某人/某物”。 小贴士 “-ever”连接代词表示泛指，意为“任何.” That was why.等 Learn 结构辨析 English! 结构 含义 强调 That was why... 那就是…的原因 结果 That was because... 那是因为… 原因 The reason was that... 原因是… 原因（主语为reason) Why...was that... …的原因是… 原因（主语为why从句） 例句女 He was ill.That was why he didn't come. (结果) He didn't come.That was because he was ill. (原因) The reason for his absence was that he was ill. (主语为reason). 因果关系图☆ 理解因果，灵活运用！ 原因 why 结果 (Reason) (Result) 指向结果 He was ill. He didn't come. because (他病了。) (他没来。) 指向原因 小贴士：why强调结果，because强调原因。 'asif/though引导的 表语从句 用法： 置于系动词(look/seem/sound/be等)后，表“好像”， 可用陈述语气（真实情况）或虚拟语气（非真实情况） 陈述语气（真实情况） 虚拟语气（非真实情况） 真实发生的事情 与事实相反或不太可能的情况 as if It sounds as if someone She treats me as if is knocking at the door. I were a stranger. (陈述语气，真实) (虚拟语气，非真实，be动词用were)》 小贴士 ☆asif和though都可以引导表语从句，意思都是“好像”。 ★陈述语气就用真实的时态；虚拟语气常用于与事实相反或不 太可能的情况。 ☆It作形式主语的 名词性从句结构 It+be+名词+从句 ●It is a fact that.. (事实是…) 真实主语 从句 ●It is good news that... (…是好消息) (…) It is common knowledge that... （…是常识) 形式主语（占位符） It+be+形容词+从句 O It is necessary that... (有必要…) 真实主语 从句 ●It is clear that.. (很清楚.…) (（…) It is important that... (重要的是…) 形式主语（占位符） It+be+过去分词+从句 ●It is said that. (据说…) 真实主语 从句 ●It is reported that.. (据报道…) (…) It has been proved that... (已证明…) 形式主语（占位符） 例句 ☆ It is a pity that you missed the party. 0 ☆ It is believed that he will win.