Unit 8 语法专练 2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

译林7下unit 8语法专练 一般过去时 一般过去时:实义动词用法 + 习题解析 (一)知识点讲解 1. 实义动词过去时的基本概念 实义动词(行为动词)在一般过去时中表示过去发生的动作或状态,动词要变成过去式。 例子:I walked to school yesterday.(我昨天走路去学校。) She ate an apple this morning.(她今天早上吃了一个苹果。) 2. 动词过去式的变化规则 规则变化(大多数动词): 第一种:一般情况下直接在词尾加 ed 例子:work worked,play played,help helped 第二种:以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,直接加 d 例子:live lived,like liked,move moved 第三种:以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先把 y 改为 i,再加 ed 例子:study studied,carry carried,cry cried 注意:如果是以元音字母加 y 结尾,则直接加 ed:play played,stay stayed 第四种:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加 ed 例子:stop stopped,plan planned,drop dropped 不规则变化(需要单独记忆): 原形与过去式相同:put put,cut cut,let let,hit hit 变元音字母:begin began,drink drank,sing sang,swim swam 完全变化:go went,eat ate,see saw,do did,have had,make made 以 t 结尾:build built,lend lent,send sent,spend spent 其他:buy bought,bring brought,think thought,teach taught 3. 肯定句结构 结构:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例子:I finished my homework.(我完成了作业。) They played football yesterday.(他们昨天踢了足球。) She went to Beijing last week.(她上周去了北京。) 4. 否定句结构 结构:主语 + did not(didn‘t)+ 动词原形 + 其他 注意:did 已经是过去式,后面的动词要用原形,不能再用过去式。 例子:I did not(didn’t)finish my homework.(我没有完成作业。) They did not(didn‘t)play football yesterday.(他们昨天没踢足球。) She did not(didn’t)go to Beijing last week.(她上周没去北京。) 常见错误:He didn‘t went to school. 正确:He didn’t go to school. 5. 一般疑问句结构 结构:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 例子:Did you finish your homework?(你完成作业了吗?) Did they play football yesterday?(他们昨天踢足球了吗?) Did she go to Beijing last week?(她上周去北京了吗?) 疑问句的回答: 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn‘t. 例子:Did you see the movie? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 6. 特殊疑问句结构 结构:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 例子:What did you do yesterday?(你昨天做了什么?) Where did she go last night?(她昨晚去哪儿了?) When did they arrive?(他们什么时候到达的?) Why did you leave early?(你为什么早退?) How did you get there?(你怎么去那里的?) 注意:如果疑问词作主语,则用“疑问词 + 动词过去式 + 其他”,不用 did。 例子:Who came to the party?(谁来派对了?) What happened yesterday?(昨天发生了什么?) 7. 常见时间状语 一般过去时常与以下时间状语连用: yesterday 及 yesterday morning / afternoon / evening last night / last week / last month / last year 一段时间 + ago:two days ago, three years ago in + 过去年份:in 2010, in 1998 just now(刚才) at that time(那时) the day before yesterday(前天) when I was young(当我年轻时) once upon a time(从前) in the past(在过去) 8. 规则动词 ed 结尾的发音规则 ed 有三种发音 /t/ /d/ / d/: 发 /t/ 的情况:动词以清辅音结尾(p, k, f, s, , t 等) 例子:worked /t/,helped /t/,watched /t/ 发 /d/ 的情况:动词以浊辅音或元音结尾 例子:played /d/,lived /d/,called /d/ 发 / d/ 的情况:动词以 t 或 d 结尾 例子:wanted / d/,needed / d/,visited / d/ 9. 常见错误提醒 错误一:He didn‘t went to school. 正确:He didn’t go to school. (didn‘t 后面用原形) 错误二:Did he went to school? 正确:Did he go to school? (Did 后面用原形) 错误三:I goed to the park. 正确:I went to the park. (go 是不规则动词) 错误四:What did you did yesterday? 正确:What did you do yesterday? (did 后面用原形 do) 错误五:She not like the movie. 正确:She didn’t like the movie. (否定需要加 didn‘t) (二)习题(实义动词部分) 一、选择题 1. I _ to the museum with my friends yesterday. A. go B. went C. goes D. gone 2. She _ TV last night. A. watch B. watches C. watched D. watching 3. They _ a new car two weeks ago. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. buying 4. _ you _ your homework last night? A. Did, did B. Did, do C. Do, do D. Do, did 5. He _ breakfast this morning because he was late. A. didn’t have B. didn‘t had C. doesn’t have D. hasn‘t 6. What time _ you _ up yesterday? A. did, get B. did, got C. do, get D. does, get 7. She _ the letter and _ it. A. read, forget B. readed, forgot C. read, forgot D. reading, forgetting 8. I _ a beautiful bird when I _ in the park. A. see, walk B. saw, walked C. seen, walked D. saw, walk 9. Who _ the window? It was broken. A. break B. breaks C. broke D. broken 10. We _ to the party because we were busy. A. not go B. didn’t go C. didn‘t went D. not went 11. _ she _ the email yesterday? A. Did, send B. Did, sent C. Does, send D. Is, send 12. He _ very hard when he was young. A. study B. studied C. studies D. studying 13. I _ the answer to that question just now. A. know B. knows C. knew D. known 14. They _ the game because they played badly. A. win B. wins C. won D. winning 15. Where _ you _ this book? A. did, find B. did, found C. do, find D. does, find 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(过去式) 1. I _ (play) basketball with my friends yesterday. 2. She _ (visit) her grandmother last weekend. 3. We _ (have) a great time at the party. 4. He _ (buy) a new phone two days ago. 5. They _ (go) to the beach last summer. 6. I _ (not / see) him at the meeting yesterday. 7. _ you _ (eat) breakfast this morning? 8. She _ (study) English for two hours last night. 9. He _ (stop) his car in front of the school. 10. We _ (meet) our teacher at the library yesterday. 11. The little boy _ (cry) because he lost his toy. 12. She _ (write) a letter to her friend last week. 13. I _ (not / do) my homework yesterday. 14. _ he _ (come) to the party last night? 15. They _ (take) a lot of photos during the trip. 三、将下列句子改为否定句 1. I watched TV last night. _ 2. She went to Beijing last week. _ 3. They finished their work on time. _ 4. He ate an apple this morning. _ 5. We saw a movie yesterday. _ 四、将下列句子改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答 1. You played football yesterday. 疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_ 否定回答:_ 2. She bought a new dress. 疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_ 否定回答:_ 3. They went to the museum. 疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_ 否定回答:_ 4. He did his homework. 疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_ 否定回答:_ 5. We sang a song at the party. 疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_ 否定回答:_ 五、对划线部分提问 1. I went to the park yesterday. _ 2. She arrived at 8 o’clock. _ 3. They bought three apples. _ 4. He went to Beijing by train. _ 5. Tom broke the window. _ 六、改错(找出错误并改正) 1. I didn‘t went to school yesterday. 2. Did she watched the movie last night? 3. He studyed hard for the exam. 4. What did you did last weekend? 5. She not like the food at the restaurant. 6. They stoped talking when the teacher came in. 7. I buyed a new phone last week. 8. Did you saw the accident? 9. He doesn’t go to work yesterday. 10. She didn‘t finished her homework. (三)习题解析(实义动词部分) 一、选择题解析 1. 答案 B。yesterday 是过去时间标志,go 的过去式是 went。 2. 答案 C。last night 是过去时间,watch 的过去式是 watched。 3. 答案 C。two weeks ago 是过去时间,buy 是不规则动词,过去式是 bought。 4. 答案 B。疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形,do 用原形。 5. 答案 A。否定句用 didn‘t + 动词原形,have 用原形。 6. 答案 A。疑问句用 did + 主语 + 动词原形,get 用原形。 7. 答案 C。read 的过去式还是 read(读音变化),forget 的过去式是 forgot。 8. 答案 B。saw 是 see 的过去式,walked 是 walk 的过去式。when I walked 表示“当我散步时”。 9. 答案 C。Who 作主语时直接用动词过去式,break 的过去式是 broke。 10. 答案 B。否定句用 didn‘t + 动词原形,go 用原形。 11. 答案 A。疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形,send 用原形。 12. 答案 B。when he was young 是过去时间,study 的过去式是 studied(辅音加 y 变 i 加 ed)。 13. 答案 C。just now 是过去时间,know 的过去式是 knew。 14. 答案 C。win 的过去式是 won(不规则变化)。 15. 答案 A。疑问句用 did + 主语 + 动词原形,find 用原形。 二、填空题解析 1. played —— 规则变化,直接加 ed 2. visited —— 以 ed 结尾,直接加 d 3. had —— have 的过去式是不规则变化 had 4. bought —— buy 的过去式是 bought 5. went —— go 的过去式是 went 6. didn’t see —— 否定句用 didn‘t + 原形 7. Did, eat —— 疑问句用 Did + 原形 8. studied —— 辅音加 y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 ed 9. stopped —— 重读闭音节结尾,双写 p 加 ed 10. met —— meet 的过去式是 met 11. cried —— 辅音加 y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 ed 12. wrote —— write 的过去式是 wrote 13. didn’t do —— 否定句用 didn‘t + 原形 14. Did, come —— 疑问句用 Did + 原形 15. took —— take 的过去式是 took 三、改为否定句解析 1. I didn’t watch TV last night. 2. She didn‘t go to Beijing last week. 3. They didn’t finish their work on time. 4. He didn‘t eat an apple this morning. 5. We didn’t see a movie yesterday. 四、改为疑问句并回答解析 1. 疑问句:Did you play football yesterday? 肯定回答:Yes, I did. 否定回答:No, I didn‘t. 2. 疑问句:Did she buy a new dress? 肯定回答:Yes, she did. 否定回答:No, she didn’t. 3. 疑问句:Did they go to the museum? 肯定回答:Yes, they did. 否定回答:No, they didn‘t. 4. 疑问句:Did he do his homework? 肯定回答:Yes, he did. 否定回答:No, he didn’t. 5. 疑问句:Did you sing a song at the party? 肯定回答:Yes, we did. 否定回答:No, we didn‘t. 五、对划线部分提问解析 1. Where did you go yesterday? 2. What time did she arrive? 3. How many apples did they buy? 4. How did he go to Beijing? 5. Who broke the window?(疑问词作主语,不用 did,动词直接用 broke) 六、改错题解析 1. didn’t went 改为 didn‘t go —— didn’t 后面用原形 2. Did she watched 改为 Did she watch —— Did 后面用原形 3. studyed 改为 studied —— 辅音加 y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 ed 4. did you did 改为 did you do —— 第二个 do 要用原形 5. She not like 改为 She didn‘t like —— 否定需要加 didn’t 6. stoped 改为 stopped —— 重读闭音节双写 p 7. buyed 改为 bought —— buy 是不规则动词,过去式是 bought 8. Did you saw 改为 Did you see —— Did 后面用原形 9. doesn‘t go 改为 didn’t go —— yesterday 是过去时间,用 didn‘t 10. didn’t finished 改为 didn‘t finish —— didn’t 后面用原形 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $