Unit 5 语法专练 2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

译林7下unit5语法专练 形容词和情态动词 can / could / may 一、形容词用法 + 习题解析 (一)知识点讲解 1. 形容词作定语(修饰名词) 放在名词前面,表示名词的特征。 例子:a red apple(一个红苹果),a happy child(一个快乐的孩子) 2. 形容词作表语(放在系动词后) 系动词包括:be, become, seem, look, feel, taste, smell, sound, get, turn, keep 等。 例子:The flower is beautiful(这朵花很美)。You look tired(你看起来很累)。The soup tastes delicious(汤尝起来很美味) 3. 形容词作宾语补足语(补充说明宾语) 放在宾语后面,表示宾语的状态或结果。 例子:The news made him sad(这个消息让他难过)。I find the story interesting(我觉得这个故事有趣) 4. 多个形容词的顺序 口诀:美小圆旧黄,法国木书房 详细顺序:观点评价 尺寸 形状 年龄 颜色 国籍/地区 材质 用途 例子:a lovely small old French wooden desk(一张可爱的小旧法国木质书桌) 5. 比较级和最高级 比较级:两者比较,用“形容词比较级 + than” 例子:Tom is taller than Mike. This book is more interesting than that one. 最高级:三者及以上比较,用“the + 最高级 + 范围” 例子:She is the tallest in her class. This is the most beautiful park I‘ve ever seen. 6. 易错提醒 系动词后要用形容词,不用副词(look happy ,look happily ) 以 -ing 结尾的形容词修饰物(interesting movie),以 -ed 结尾的形容词修饰人(I am interested) (二)习题(形容词部分) 一、选择题 1. This coffee tastes _. A. bitter B. bitterly C. bitterness 2. She bought a _ dress. A. beautiful long red silk B. long beautiful red silk C. red silk beautiful long 3. The news made him _. A. happily B. sad C. sadly 4. He looks _ today than yesterday. A. happier B. happy C. happiest 5. I found the movie _. A. bore B. boring C. bored 6. This is _ park in the city. A. large B. larger C. the largest 7. She is _ girl in her class. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest 8. The soup smells _. A. good B. well C. nicely 9. Please give me a _ envelope. A. small white paper B. white small paper C. paper small white 10. This book is _ than that one. A. much interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 二、用所给形容词的正确形式填空 1. This is the _ (beautiful) sunset I have ever seen. 2. My brother is three years _ (old) than me. 3. Which is _ (heavy), iron or cotton? 4. Today is _ (bad) than yesterday. 5. He is the _ (good) player on the team. 6. The road is getting _ (wide) and _ (wide). 7. She feels _ (happy) than before. 8. This is the _ (cheap) restaurant in town. 9. Health is _ (important) than money. 10. The weather gets _ (cold) in winter. 三、改错(找出错误并改正) 1. She is more taller than her mother. 2. This is the most easiest way to solve the problem. 3. He looks happily today. 4. I have a red old small car. 5. The story sounds interested. (三)习题解析(形容词部分) 一、选择题解析 1. 答案 A。taste 是系动词,后面用形容词 bitter(苦的)。bitterly 是副词,bitterness 是名词。 2. 答案 A。形容词顺序:观点(beautiful) 尺寸(long) 颜色(red) 材质(silk)。 3. 答案 B。make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补,sad 是形容词。happily 和 sadly 是副词。 4. 答案 A。than 是比较级的标志,happy 的比较级是 happier。 5. 答案 B。find + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补,修饰 movie 用 boring(令人无聊的)。bored 是“感到无聊的”,修饰人。 6. 答案 C。“in the city” 是三者以上范围,用最高级 the largest。 7. 答案 C。“in her class” 是三者以上范围,用最高级 the tallest。 8. 答案 A。smell 是系动词,后面用形容词 good。well 作形容词时只表示“身体好”。 9. 答案 A。形容词顺序:尺寸(small) 颜色(white) 材质(paper)。 10. 答案 B。than 是比较级的标志,多音节词 interesting 的比较级是 more interesting。 二、填空题解析 1. most beautiful —— “ever seen” 表示最高级范围 2. older —— than 是比较级标志 3. heavier —— 两者比较用比较级 4. worse —— bad 的比较级是 worse 5. best —— “on the team” 表示最高级范围 6. wider, wider —— “比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示“越来越……” 7. happier —— than 是比较级标志 8. cheapest —— “in town” 表示最高级范围 9. more important —— than 是比较级标志,多音节词用 more + 原级 10. cold —— get 是系动词,表示“变得”,用形容词原级即可(不表示比较) 三、改错题解析 1. 去掉 more —— taller 已经是比较级,不再加 more 2. 把 most easiest 改成 easiest —— easiest 本身就是最高级,不用加 most 3. 把 happily 改成 happy —— look 是系动词,后面用形容词 4. 把 red old small 改成 small old red —— 形容词顺序:尺寸 年龄 颜色 5. 把 interested 改成 interesting —— 修饰 story 用 interesting,interested 修饰人 二、情态动词 can / could / may 用法 + 习题解析 (一)知识点讲解 1. can 的用法 表示能力(会、能):I can speak English. She can swim fast. 表示客观可能性(有时会):It can be very cold here in winter. 表示非正式许可(可以):You can go home now. 2. could 的用法 表示过去的能力(过去能):When I was five, I could ride a bike. 委婉地提出请求或建议(比 can 更客气):Could you help me? You could try calling him. 表示不太肯定的可能性(可能,比 may 弱):He could be at school, but I‘m not sure. 3. may 的用法 表示正式许可(可以,常用于问句):May I come in? You may leave the table after dinner. 表示可能性(也许,可能,多用于现在或将来):She may arrive late today. It may rain tomorrow. 4. 重要区别提醒 用法 can could may 能力 现在能力 过去能力 许可 非正式 更委婉 正式 可能性 客观有时会 不太肯定 不确定推测 委婉请求 更委婉 (二)习题(情态动词部分) 一、选择题 1. _ I borrow your pen, please?(非常正式) A. Can B. Could C. May D. Might 2. When I was five, I _ swim. A. can B. could C. may D. might 3. You _ go now if you finish your work.(非正式许可) A. may B. could C. can D. might 4. It _ rain later. Take an umbrella. A. can B. could C. may D. must 5. _ you please open the window?(委婉请求) A. Can B. May C. Could D. Must 6. She _ speak three languages. A. can B. could C. may D. might 7. _ I leave early today?(正式许可请求) A. Can B. Could C. May D. Might 8. He _ be at home. I’m not sure. A. can B. may C. must D. will 9. When we were young, we _ play outside all day. A. can B. could C. may D. might 10. You _ see lions in Africa.(客观可能性) A. can B. could C. may D. might 二、用 can / could / may 填空 1. _ you help me carry this box?(委婉请求) 2. _ I come in?(正式请求) 3. She _ play the piano very well. 4. It _ snow tomorrow. I‘m not certain. 5. When I was a child, I _ run fast. 6. You _ park here. It’s free.(非正式许可) 7. _ I use your phone?(礼貌请求) 8. He is busy, so he _ not come to the party. 9. _ you tell me the time, please? 10. Anyone _ make mistakes. 三、判断正误,错误的请改正 1. May you swim across the river? 2. Could I ask you a question? 3. She can be at the library now.(表示不确定推测) 4. You could go now if you want.(表示许可) 5. He can to speak English well. (三)习题解析(情态动词部分) 一、选择题解析 1. 答案 C。“May I” 是最正式的请求表达。 2. 答案 B。“When I was five” 是过去时间,表示过去能力用 could。 3. 答案 C。非正式许可用 can。may 更正式,could 表示委婉或过去能力。 4. 答案 C。表示“也许下雨”的不确定推测,用 may。can 表示客观有时会,语气太强。 5. 答案 C。“Could you please” 是最常见的委婉请求表达。 6. 答案 A。表示现在的能力(说三种语言),用 can。 7. 答案 C。正式请求许可用 May I。 8. 答案 B。“I‘m not sure” 表示不确定推测,用 may。can 不用于此义。 9. 答案 B。“When we were young” 是过去时间,表示过去能力用 could。 10. 答案 A。“客观可能性”(在非洲有时能看到狮子)用 can。 二、填空题解析 1. Could —— 委婉请求用 Could 2. May —— 正式请求用 May 3. can —— 表示现在的能力 4. may —— 不确定的可能性推测 5. could —— 过去的能力 6. can —— 非正式许可 7. May / Could —— 礼貌请求,两者均可 8. may —— 表示“可能不”,不确定推测 9. Could —— 委婉请求 10. can —— “任何人都可能犯错”,表示客观可能性 三、改错题解析 1. 错误,改为 Can you swim across the river? —— May 不用于询问能力,表示能力用 can。 2. 正确 —— Could I... 是委婉礼貌的问句。 3. 错误,改为 She may be at the library now. —— 表示不确定推测用 may,can 表示客观可能性或能力。 4. 正确 —— could 可以用于表示委婉的建议或许可。 5. 错误,改为 He can speak English well. —— can 是情态动词,后面跟动词原形,不加 to。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $