精品解析：北京北师大实验中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期中高一年级英语试卷

北师大实验中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期中试卷 高一年级英语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共12页，共8道大题，64道小题；答题纸共2页。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。 3. 试卷答案一律填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题须用2B铅笔将选中项涂黑涂满，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 命题人：高一全体英语教师 审题人：曹向前，苏静 一、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I left my home country to pursue a doctor’s degree in the UK. I thought I was supposed to focus only on the ____1____. So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone, ____2____ in my work. I wanted to throw myself completely into it. Eventually I found I was fighting increasing ____3____ till it hit a breaking point. The nights were long and dark. I scrolled social media to pass the time. I even tried “talking” to ChatGPT. But I couldn’t feel better. It was my tutor, Ms. Murphy, who finally helped me see my ____4____ from a new perspective. After I told her how I had been feeling these last months, she ____5____, “Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.” Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the ____6____ direction. She allowed me to see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even help me ____7____ my work. I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges, professionally and personally. I can’t do everything ____8____. Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges. I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously ____9____ parts of life. That is how life should be, enriched and colorful. The nights are still as long as before. However, they are not as ____10____, as I have seen the bright light in the day. 1. A. health B. work C. custom D. life 2. A. settled B. stuck C. involved D. buried 3. A. loneliness B. tiredness C. carelessness D. selfishness 4. A. education B. situation C. intention D. emotion 5. A. announced B. complained C. advised D. whispered 6. A. same B. general C. new D. wrong 7. A. carry out B. struggle with C. break down D. rush through 8. A. creatively B. independently C. gradually D. regularly 9. A. assumed B. selected C. ignored D. judged 10. A. dull B. exhausting C. dark D. quiet 二、阅读理解 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共14小题；11-16小题，每题1分；17-24小题，每题2分；共22分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A For the Love of Food Make food your life in the CIA Associate in Culinary Arts degree program. You’ll not only build the core skills used by every chef; you’ll chart your own path toward a lifelong career doing what you love. Learn to prepare a wide variety of dishes and cuisines, manage people, and use state-of-the-art equipment — all in less than two years! Come and make our trademark hands-on learning approach and industry-proven experts work for you. Highlights: 1st Session: Learn how to develop flavor, employ classic and contemporary culinary techniques, create menus, and prepare global cuisines. 2nd Session: Study the ways successful culinary professionals manage restaurants, high-end catering, food trucks, and other food-related businesses. 3rd Session: Gain real-world experience through a paid internship semester at one of CIA’s 2, 000+ food industry partners. 4th Session: Discover how real public restaurants are operated — hands-on, in our award-winning, live-action restaurant classrooms that serve thousands of customers annually. How to apply: Get started by submitting your application on our official website. Choose from two online options: CIA ONLINE APP or COMMON APP. Next, to complete your application file, we just need three additional items: ▲ Request official transcripts (成绩单) . ▲ Submit an essay to indicate your goals in life. ▲ Ask for a recommendation letter written by your teachers. That’s it! You’re on your way to enrolling at CIA. If you’ve already submitted your application, learn more about the essay and supporting materials. Get ready for applications at least 3 months in advance in case of any interviews and background checks. Applications for our program are due by December 1, 2026. 11. How long at most can you get the degree? A. One year. B. Two years. C. Three years. D. Four years. 12. When can students experience working in a food factory? A. At the first session. B. At the second session. C. At the third session. D. At the fourth session. 13. If students want to apply for the program, they should ________. A. submit applications by email B. start to apply in December 2026 C. write a recommendation letter themselves D. prepare for the application ahead of schedule B I had been considering giving up. For the past eight years, I’ve met with prospective first-year students as a volunteer interviewer for my alma mater (母校) . The reports I submit after the interviews become part of their admissions file. But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word “Denied” next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken. Don’t get me wrong. I’ve gotten to know loads of inspiring kids, and a handful of them were offered a spot. After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment? Was it fair of me to share an inside look into my university when most won’t have access to it? Then, out of the blue, I received a text from one of “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me for getting her into my university. I was touched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works. We met for coffee a few months later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussion of her classes, her professors, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20minutes with her admissions file. I couldn’t understand why she wanted to take the time to look. Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged? As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report. My voice had made a difference. Layla found the relief she’d been looking for: Why was she here? Did she really matter to this incredible community? Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own. Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter. 14. What made the author consider giving up the volunteer work? A. Inability to stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm. B. Disappointment with interviewees’ abilities. C. Failing to help some of the promising kids. D. Getting tired of writing interview reports. 15. Why did Layla request to review her admissions file? A. To prove the author’s report played a role. B. To confirm she deserved the admission. C. To clarify the author’s confusion. D. To ease her worries about the future. 16. What can we learn from this passage? A. Each soul needs a witness. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. What goes around comes around. D. What matters always voices itself. C It’s human nature to feel embarrassed for someone acting cringey — like a friend slipping on a wet floor. It’s a sign of empathy which shapes human cooperation and connection. What happens, though, when the second person in this situation is replaced with a robot? Experiencing secondhand embarrassment lights up areas in the human brain associated with pain and the recognition of emotions. Similarly, social anxiety is linked to heightened empathy, but also comes with a reduced capacity to actually understand the other person’s emotions, known as cognitive empathy. And of course, the more socially close and invested a person is in another, the more intensely they’ll feel this bystander discomfort. Interestingly, new research from Oakridge University found that humans can have the same sort of secondhand embarrassment when they see a robot display social awkwardness. To test this phenomenon, human subjects were immersed in a virtual environment where both human and robot avatars were present. The researchers then put these avatars through awkward situations like stumbling in a crowd or dancing clumsily in public. Researchers then measured the electrical activity of the sweat glands of the subjects. This correlates to arousal signals like stress, or other states of high emotion. Participants also filled out a questionnaire about their emotional responses to each virtual social situation. The data indicates that humans felt self-embarrassment for both the human and robot avatars when they were in a socially awkward scenario, although they perceived the situation as more “real” for the human avatar compared to the robot. Still, the results show that humans can empathize with robots in embarrassing situations, suggesting that humans assume the robots can be aware of being witnessed and have some degree of self-consciousness based on self-reflection and self-evaluation. But it also matters what the robot looks like: “The appearance of the robot may affect the empathetic embarrassment because humans empathize more strongly with more human-looking robots and less with more mechanical-looking robots when they are mistreated by humans.” Despite the interesting findings in this recent study, the team from Oakridge University acknowledges that a larger sample size, as well as real world humans and robots, would make the conclusions more convincing. “Our study provides valuable insights into the evolving nature of human-robot relationships. As technology continues to integrate into our daily lives, understanding the emotional responses we have towards robots is crucial,” Lisa Green, the lead researcher on the project, said in a press release. “This research opens up new avenues for exploring the boundaries of human empathy and the potential challenges and benefits of human-robot interactions.” 17. What does the underlined word “cringey” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Embarrassing. B. Entertaining. C. Confident. D. Hurtful. 18. What does the author mainly do in Paragraph 2? A. Introduce an approach. B. Explain a core concept. C. Offer a theoretical basis. D. Present previous findings. 19. What can we learn from the study? A. Robots’ appearance determines empathetic embarrassment level. B. Humans think awkward robots may have self-consciousness. C. States of emotion hold back electrical activities in the brain. D. Awkward robots stimulate stronger empathy than humans. 20. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Social anxiety plays a key role in human-robot interaction. B. Technological development is reshaping emotional boundaries. C. Robots’ human-like features shape people’s emotional responses. D. Humans may extend empathy to robots in certain social situations. D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 21. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 22. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 23. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 24. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 第二节 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ____25____ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ____26____ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ____27____ About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults. About 28 percent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 percent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ____28____ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ____29____ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. As a result, they show no strong preference for saving either, she says. E. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. F. The experiment was repeated with 178 Polish adults (18-50) for comparison. G. About 28 percent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 percent of adults. 三、阅读与表达 (共3小题，7分；第30、31题每小题2分，第32题3分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Discovered by Amateurs Some astronomers spend their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space, but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try. In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. The pictures were just thousands of tiny spots of light, but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures. Could it possibly be a supernova (超新星) ? Usually a supernova is brighter, and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness. Later Gray’s discovery was confirmed, and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova. Throughout history, important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs. An early example is William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. Uranus had been observed before, but expert astronomers thought it didn’t belong to our solar system. When Herschel saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself, he realized that it was orbiting the sun. This meant that Uranus was a planet. And so, the map of our night sky was changed forever. Then in 1930, a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man, a farmer’s son, with no college education or formal training in astronomy. Clyde Tombaugh built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He then sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. Within a year, Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet, Pluto. It was regarded as a planet for 76 years, but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didn’t meet all of the criteria for a true planet. It was then considered to be a dwarf planet. John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction. With affordable tools like Dobson’s telescope, more amateurs today have the technology that is needed to make discoveries of their own. 30. When did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova? _________________________________________________ 31. What did Clyde Tombaugh do before sending his pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher? _________________________________________________ 32. Which amateur astronomer impressed you most? Give your reasons. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 四、课本选词填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 用方框中所给词汇或短语的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。 conduct; come across; crowd in on sb.; survive; judge from; advocate; explore; integrate with; engage in; be noted for; strike 33. When she saw the old picture, many childhood memories ________ her. 34. More and more young people ________ a simple and low-carbon lifestyle in the past ten years. 35. ________ is the most important thing for those trapped in the wild. 36. What is ________ about the ancient castle is its unique building style. 37. Many college students prefer to ________ meaningful social activities in their free time. 38. His brave ________ in the desert made him well-known in his country. 39. ________ his appearance, we can’t know what kind of person he really is. 40. These new courses ________ local culture perfectly last year, but they are no longer as effective today. 41. The local museum ________ a special exhibition about traditional art next month. 42. This small town ________ its beautiful natural sights and friendly people in the19th century. 五、语法填空 (共8小题；每小题1分，共8分) 根据句意填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 43. Mike will become the first person in his family ________(finish) the college education. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44. I’ll never forget the very day ________ I spent with my grandparents in the countryside. (用适当的词填空) 45. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. 46. Have you seen the film“Titanic”, ________ leading actor is world famous? (用适当的词填空) 47. Recently I bought an English dictionary, the price of ________ was very reasonable. (用适当的词填空) 48. The horses had serious difficulties ________ the heavy snow and the terrible cold. (用适当的词填空) 49. A new library ________ (build) in our school now and will be open to us soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. She hoped that she ________ (become) a doctor one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 六、课文段落填空 (共8小题；每小题1分，共8分) (1) 课文段落填空 The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for ____51____”. Scott ____52____ the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. (2) 课文段落填空 Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use ____53____ to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, ____54____. Today Tu Youyou ____55____ despite her age. (3) 课文段落填空 Shortly after, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even ____56____ films. He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work. Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with ____57____, raising millions of dollars ____58____ medical research. 七、选词填空 (共5小题；每小题1分，共5分) 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。 collapse reliant course combine dedicate enrichment 59. These events changed the _________ of history. 60. They are _________ on a very limited number of exportable products. 61. Until now, Talks between management and unions _________. 62. He’s too serious and _________, wrapped up in his career. 63. The _________ of hard work and talent made her successful. 八、书面表达 (20分) 64. 假设你是高一学生李华。你校近期开展了以“Human and Nature”为主题的系列活动 (涉及环境保护、自然探索和应对自然挑战) 。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你用英文给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1.介绍一项你参与的活动； 2.分享你的收获或启发。 注意：1.词数140左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大实验中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期中试卷 高一年级英语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共12页，共8道大题，64道小题；答题纸共2页。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。 3. 试卷答案一律填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题须用2B铅笔将选中项涂黑涂满，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 命题人：高一全体英语教师 审题人：曹向前，苏静 一、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I left my home country to pursue a doctor’s degree in the UK. I thought I was supposed to focus only on the ____1____. So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone, ____2____ in my work. I wanted to throw myself completely into it. Eventually I found I was fighting increasing ____3____ till it hit a breaking point. The nights were long and dark. I scrolled social media to pass the time. I even tried “talking” to ChatGPT. But I couldn’t feel better. It was my tutor, Ms. Murphy, who finally helped me see my ____4____ from a new perspective. After I told her how I had been feeling these last months, she ____5____, “Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.” Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the ____6____ direction. She allowed me to see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even help me ____7____ my work. I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges, professionally and personally. I can’t do everything ____8____. Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges. I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously ____9____ parts of life. That is how life should be, enriched and colorful. The nights are still as long as before. However, they are not as ____10____, as I have seen the bright light in the day. 1. A. health B. work C. custom D. life 2. A. settled B. stuck C. involved D. buried 3. A. loneliness B. tiredness C. carelessness D. selfishness 4. A. education B. situation C. intention D. emotion 5. A. announced B. complained C. advised D. whispered 6. A. same B. general C. new D. wrong 7. A. carry out B. struggle with C. break down D. rush through 8. A. creatively B. independently C. gradually D. regularly 9. A. assumed B. selected C. ignored D. judged 10. A. dull B. exhausting C. dark D. quiet 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者离开祖国去英国读博，因整日埋头于学业而倍感孤独，为了战胜孤独，作者开始建立自己的交际圈，在与朋友交流的过程中体会到自己应该和朋友合作，而不是独立解决所有困难。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：我本以为自己理应只专注于工作。A. health健康；B. work工作；C. custom习惯；D. life生活。根据下文“I spent my days mostly alone, ______ in my work”可知，作者专注于工作。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：我大部分时间都是独自一人，埋头于工作之中。A. settled解决；B. stuck卡住；C. involved涉及；D. buried埋葬，埋头于。根据上文“I thought I was supposed to focus only on the ______.”中的“focus on”可知，此处指一个人埋头工作。be buried in表示“埋头于”。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：最终我发现自己正与日益加剧的孤独作斗争，直至濒临崩溃。A. loneliness孤独；B. tiredness疲惫；C. carelessness粗心；D. selfishness自私。根据上文“I spent my days mostly alone”可知，作者感到孤独。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：是我的导师Murphy女士，最终帮我从全新的视角看待自己的处境。A. education教育；B. situation处境；C. intention意图；D. emotion情感。根据上文“But I couldn’t feel better.”以及下文“from a new perspective”可知，作者只埋头于工作，孤独无法排解，此处指导师Murphy女士最终帮助作者从一个新的角度看待自己的处境。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：我向她倾诉了近几个月的低落状态后，她建议道：“或许问题不在于深夜找人倾诉。” A. announced宣布；B. complained抱怨；C. advised建议；D. whispered低语。根据下文“Her suggestion”可知，导师给作者提建议。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她的建议让我意识到，我一直在错误的方向上寻找答案。A. same相同的；B. general一般的；C. new新的；D. wrong错误的。根据上文“Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.(或许并不是要找个人在晚上倾诉。也许关键在于白天多与同事们交流沟通)”可知，导师帮助作者认识到要改善自己的处境不是要在晚上找人倾诉，而是要在白天多和同事交流，故作者之前一直在错误的方向寻找答案。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她让我明白，融入身边的人能改善我的心境，甚至助力我开展工作。A. carry out开展，执行；B. struggle with与……作斗争；C. break down分解；D. rush through仓促完成。根据上文“joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even help me”可知，与周围的人交流会改善作者的心态，甚至帮助作者开展工作。 【8题详解】 考查副词。句意：我无法凡事都独自完成。A. creatively创造性地；B. independently独立地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. regularly定期地。根据下文“Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges.”可知，作者不能独立完成所有的事情。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：我也需要抽出时间远离工作，去享受从前被忽视的生活部分。A. assumed假设；B. selected选择；C. ignored忽视；D. judged判断。根据上文“I spent my days mostly alone, ______ in my work”可知，作者以前大部分时间都专心于工作，忽视了生活，故此处指需要从工作中抽出一些时间来享受以前被忽视的生活部分。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，它们不再黑暗，因为我已然在白日里，寻得了光亮。A. dull枯燥的；B. exhausting令人筋疲力尽的；C. dark黑暗的；D. quiet安静的。此处呼应首段中“The nights were long and dark.”，结合下文“as I have seen the bright light in the day”可知，作者见过白天明亮的光，故夜晚不像以前那么黑暗了。 二、阅读理解 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共14小题；11-16小题，每题1分；17-24小题，每题2分；共22分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A For the Love of Food Make food your life in the CIA Associate in Culinary Arts degree program. You’ll not only build the core skills used by every chef; you’ll chart your own path toward a lifelong career doing what you love. Learn to prepare a wide variety of dishes and cuisines, manage people, and use state-of-the-art equipment — all in less than two years! Come and make our trademark hands-on learning approach and industry-proven experts work for you. Highlights: 1st Session: Learn how to develop flavor, employ classic and contemporary culinary techniques, create menus, and prepare global cuisines. 2nd Session: Study the ways successful culinary professionals manage restaurants, high-end catering, food trucks, and other food-related businesses. 3rd Session: Gain real-world experience through a paid internship semester at one of CIA’s 2, 000+ food industry partners. 4th Session: Discover how real public restaurants are operated — hands-on, in our award-winning, live-action restaurant classrooms that serve thousands of customers annually. How to apply: Get started by submitting your application on our official website. Choose from two online options: CIA ONLINE APP or COMMON APP. Next, to complete your application file, we just need three additional items: ▲ Request official transcripts (成绩单) . ▲ Submit an essay to indicate your goals in life. ▲ Ask for a recommendation letter written by your teachers. That’s it! You’re on your way to enrolling at CIA. If you’ve already submitted your application, learn more about the essay and supporting materials. Get ready for applications at least 3 months in advance in case of any interviews and background checks. Applications for our program are due by December 1, 2026. 11. How long at most can you get the degree? A. One year. B. Two years. C. Three years. D. Four years. 12. When can students experience working in a food factory? A. At the first session. B. At the second session. C. At the third session. D. At the fourth session. 13. If students want to apply for the program, they should ________. A. submit applications by email B. start to apply in December 2026 C. write a recommendation letter themselves D. prepare for the application ahead of schedule 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了美国烹饪学院（CIA）烹饪艺术副学士学位课程的相关信息。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Learn to prepare a wide variety of dishes and cuisines, manage people, and use state-of-the-art equipment — all in less than two years. (学习烹制各式菜肴、掌握多国料理，学习人员管理技能，并熟练使用顶尖先进设备——全部课程用时不到两年。)”可知，获得这个学位最多需要两年。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Highlights部分“3rd Session: Gain real-world experience through a paid internship semester at one of CIA’s 2, 000+ food industry partners. (第三阶段：通过在CIA的2000多家食品行业合作伙伴之一进行带薪实习学期，获得实际工作经验。)”可知，学生可以在第三阶段体验在食品工厂工作。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Get ready for applications at least 3 months in advance in case of any interviews and background checks. (至少提前3个月准备好申请，以防任何面试和背景调查。)”可知，如果学生想申请这个项目，他们应该提前准备申请。 B I had been considering giving up. For the past eight years, I’ve met with prospective first-year students as a volunteer interviewer for my alma mater (母校) . The reports I submit after the interviews become part of their admissions file. But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word “Denied” next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken. Don’t get me wrong. I’ve gotten to know loads of inspiring kids, and a handful of them were offered a spot. After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment? Was it fair of me to share an inside look into my university when most won’t have access to it? Then, out of the blue, I received a text from one of “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me for getting her into my university. I was touched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works. We met for coffee a few months later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussion of her classes, her professors, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20minutes with her admissions file. I couldn’t understand why she wanted to take the time to look. Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged? As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report. My voice had made a difference. Layla found the relief she’d been looking for: Why was she here? Did she really matter to this incredible community? Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own. Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter. 14. What made the author consider giving up the volunteer work? A. Inability to stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm. B. Disappointment with interviewees’ abilities. C. Failing to help some of the promising kids. D. Getting tired of writing interview reports. 15. Why did Layla request to review her admissions file? A. To prove the author’s report played a role. B. To confirm she deserved the admission. C. To clarify the author’s confusion. D. To ease her worries about the future. 16. What can we learn from this passage? A. Each soul needs a witness. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. What goes around comes around. D. What matters always voices itself. 【答案】14. C 15. B 16. A 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述了作者作为母校的志愿者面试官，因多次看到自己面试的学生被拒而感到心碎，甚至考虑放弃这份工作。然而，一位被录取的学生Layla的感谢和分享让作者意识到自己的工作并非徒劳，她的面试报告对Layla的录取起到了关键作用。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word ‘Denied’ next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken.(但是我所在的大学的录取率很低，每次在招生周期结束时，看到一个被面试者的名字旁边写着‘被拒绝’，我都会感到更加心碎。)”和第二段“After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lightea, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment.(然而，在一个周期中，没有一个被面试者被批准，我开始怀疑：在面试中表达我对大学的热情，我是在帮他们还是让他们失望。)”可知，作者因为未能帮助一些有前途的孩子而考虑放弃志愿者工作。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged.(她就不能享受作为一名被录取学生的时光，而不被她是否属于这里的令人不安的问题所干扰吗？)”和第五段“As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report.(事实证明，Layla了解到，第一个阅读她的档案的招生官对她犹豫不决，但后来决定因为我在面试报告中写的内容而再次阅读她的申请。)”可知，Layla查看她的录取档案是为了确认她值得被录取。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者作为母校的志愿者面试官，因多次看到自己面试的学生被拒而感到心碎，甚至考虑放弃这份工作。然而，一位被录取的学生Layla的感谢和分享让作者意识到自己的工作并非徒劳，她的面试报告对Layla的录取起到了关键作用。由此可知，短文主要告诉我们每个灵魂都需要见证者。 C It’s human nature to feel embarrassed for someone acting cringey — like a friend slipping on a wet floor. It’s a sign of empathy which shapes human cooperation and connection. What happens, though, when the second person in this situation is replaced with a robot? Experiencing secondhand embarrassment lights up areas in the human brain associated with pain and the recognition of emotions. Similarly, social anxiety is linked to heightened empathy, but also comes with a reduced capacity to actually understand the other person’s emotions, known as cognitive empathy. And of course, the more socially close and invested a person is in another, the more intensely they’ll feel this bystander discomfort. Interestingly, new research from Oakridge University found that humans can have the same sort of secondhand embarrassment when they see a robot display social awkwardness. To test this phenomenon, human subjects were immersed in a virtual environment where both human and robot avatars were present. The researchers then put these avatars through awkward situations like stumbling in a crowd or dancing clumsily in public. Researchers then measured the electrical activity of the sweat glands of the subjects. This correlates to arousal signals like stress, or other states of high emotion. Participants also filled out a questionnaire about their emotional responses to each virtual social situation. The data indicates that humans felt self-embarrassment for both the human and robot avatars when they were in a socially awkward scenario, although they perceived the situation as more “real” for the human avatar compared to the robot. Still, the results show that humans can empathize with robots in embarrassing situations, suggesting that humans assume the robots can be aware of being witnessed and have some degree of self-consciousness based on self-reflection and self-evaluation. But it also matters what the robot looks like: “The appearance of the robot may affect the empathetic embarrassment because humans empathize more strongly with more human-looking robots and less with more mechanical-looking robots when they are mistreated by humans.” Despite the interesting findings in this recent study, the team from Oakridge University acknowledges that a larger sample size, as well as real world humans and robots, would make the conclusions more convincing. “Our study provides valuable insights into the evolving nature of human-robot relationships. As technology continues to integrate into our daily lives, understanding the emotional responses we have towards robots is crucial,” Lisa Green, the lead researcher on the project, said in a press release. “This research opens up new avenues for exploring the boundaries of human empathy and the potential challenges and benefits of human-robot interactions.” 17. What does the underlined word “cringey” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Embarrassing. B. Entertaining. C. Confident. D. Hurtful. 18. What does the author mainly do in Paragraph 2? A. Introduce an approach. B. Explain a core concept. C. Offer a theoretical basis. D. Present previous findings. 19. What can we learn from the study? A. Robots’ appearance determines empathetic embarrassment level. B. Humans think awkward robots may have self-consciousness. C. States of emotion hold back electrical activities in the brain. D. Awkward robots stimulate stronger empathy than humans. 20. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Social anxiety plays a key role in human-robot interaction. B. Technological development is reshaping emotional boundaries. C. Robots’ human-like features shape people’s emotional responses. D. Humans may extend empathy to robots in certain social situations. 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讨论了人类在特定社交情境下可能会对机器人产生共情的现象。 【17题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“It’s human nature to feel embarrassed for someone acting cringey — like a friend slipping on a wet floor.(为举止________人感到难为情是人的天性——就像看到朋友在湿滑的地板上滑倒。)”可知，下文举例朋友滑倒，是令人尴尬的场景。由此可知，cringey意为“令人尴尬的”。与A项“Embarrassing.”意思接近。 【18题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Experiencing secondhand embarrassment lights up areas in the human brain associated with pain and the recognition of emotions. Similarly, social anxiety is linked to heightened empathy, but also comes with a reduced capacity to actually understand the other person’s emotions, known as cognitive empathy. And of course, the more socially close and invested a person is in another, the more intensely they’ll feel this bystander discomfort.(体会二手尴尬会激活人类大脑中与痛感和情绪识别相关的区域。同样，社交焦虑与高度共情相关，但也会削弱人理解他人情绪的能力，这种能力被称为认知共情。当然，人与人的社交关系越亲密、投入度越高，旁观者产生的不适感就会越强烈。)”可知，从大脑反应、社交焦虑、人际关系亲密度三个角度，解释二手尴尬、共情的生理与心理原理，为下文“人对机器人产生二手尴尬”的实验提供理论依据。由此可知，第二段为全文实验结论铺垫理论基础。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Still, the results show that humans can empathize with robots in embarrassing situations, suggesting that humans assume the robots can be aware of being witnessed and have some degree of self-consciousness based on self-reflection and self-evaluation.(尽管如此，研究结果依旧表明：人类会对陷入尴尬处境的机器人产生共情。这意味着，人类默认机器人能够意识到自己被注视，并且具备一定程度基于自我反思和自我评价的自我意识。)”可知，从研究中我们可以知道人类认为尴尬的机器人可能拥有自我意识。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“What happens, though, when the second person in this situation is replaced with a robot.(然而，当这种情况下的第二个人被机器人取代时会发生什么？)”、第三段“Interestingly, new research from Oakridge University found that humans can have the same sort of secondhand embarrassment when they see a robot display social awkwardness.(有趣的是，奥克里奇大学的新研究发现，当人类看到机器人表现出社交尴尬时，也会产生同样的间接尴尬。)”和第六段“Still, the results show that humans can empathize with robots in embarrassing situations, suggesting that humans assume the robots can be aware of being witnessed and have some degree of self-consciousness based on self-reflection and self-evaluation.(尽管如此，研究结果依旧表明：人类会对陷入尴尬处境的机器人产生共情。这意味着，人类默认机器人能够意识到自己被注视，并且具备一定程度基于自我反思和自我评价的自我意识。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了人类在某些社交情境下可能会对机器人产生共情。 D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 21. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 22. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 23. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 24. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以CrowdStrike系统崩溃事件为例，探讨现代社会系统重优化轻弹性的问题及应对之策。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.(周五，全球关键系统崩溃，起因是一家公司的一个失误。网络安全行业巨头 CrowdStrike 的停电影响了银行、航空公司和医疗保健系统。这可能最终成为历史上最严重的信息技术灾难。)”以及第二段“This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization, not decentralized resilience.(然而，这并非一场不可预见的怪异事故，也不会是此类事故中的最后一次。相反，这场灾难是现代社会系统的必然结果，这些系统是为超连接优化而设计的，而非分散式弹性设计。)”可知，作者提及CrowdStrike 事件主要是为了表明现代系统存在可预见的故障。故选D项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.(全球化带来了巨大的效率提升，产品可以由全球供应链中精心管理的环节组装而成。但这些系统缺乏弹性。每个环节都必须完美配合；哪怕只有一个环节出问题，整个系统就会崩溃。)”可知，全球化使得系统缺乏弹性，一个环节出错就可能导致整个系统崩溃，可推断出全球化的系统会将局部错误的影响扩大到全球范围。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion.(尽管现代对优化的追求常常将弹性置于次要地位，但我们并非必然要继续走这条危险的道路。而且，使我们的系统更具弹性也不需要回到一个脱节的、原始的世界。相反，我们复杂、相互关联的社会只要求我们牺牲一点效率，以便有更多的缓冲空间。)”可知，作者认为为了使系统更具弹性，即更具灵活性，应该牺牲一些效率。故选B项。 【24题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以CrowdStrike系统崩溃这一事件展开，阐述现代社会系统因注重优化而缺乏弹性的问题，进而讨论应对措施，强调这一事件给我们带来的警示。而B选项A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike(一个警醒：来自CrowdStrike的教训) 准确概括文章主旨。故选B项。 第二节 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ____25____ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ____26____ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ____27____ About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults. About 28 percent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 percent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ____28____ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ____29____ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. As a result, they show no strong preference for saving either, she says. E. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. F. The experiment was repeated with 178 Polish adults (18-50) for comparison. G. About 28 percent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 percent of adults. 【答案】25. A 26. E 27. F 28. D 29. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨了儿童和成人在面临拯救人还是动物的选择时所表现出的不同态度，并通过研究进行了说明。 【25题详解】 根据上文““The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK.(英国爱丁堡大学的马蒂・威尔克斯说：“这一研究结果着实让我们大吃一惊。”)”和下文“For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.)”可知，上文提出儿童偏向救动物的结果令人意外，下文举例论证成年人的普遍想法。A选项“大多数成年人认为人类的生命格外珍贵。”总述成年人的核心价值观，承接上下文，起到过渡铺垫作用。 【26题详解】 上段指出“成年人普遍认为人类生命优先”；根据下文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.(威尔克斯及其同事利用玩具轨道和乐高人偶，对波兰一座城市里170名6至9岁的儿童开展实验，设置了基于“电车难题”思想实验的各类情景。)”可知，上段全程论述成年人的选择倾向，下文转向儿童实验，前后存在转折关系。E选项“然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多低龄儿童的看法截然不同。”完成“成年人观点→儿童不同观点”的逻辑切换。 【27题详解】 根据上文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.(威尔克斯及其同事利用玩具轨道和乐高人偶，对波兰一座城市里170名6至9岁的儿童开展实验，设置了基于“电车难题”思想实验的各类情景。)”和下文“About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults.(约42%的孩子选择救下小狗，让小车撞向人类；而成年人中仅有17%会这么做。)”可知，上文只讲了儿童实验，下文直接出现成人数据对比，缺少“成人对照实验”的铺垫。F 选项“研究人员另外对178名18至50岁的波兰成年人重复了该实验，用作对照。)”补充成人对照组实验设计，完美衔接前后对比数据 【28题详解】 根据上文““Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,”(“孩子们会从父母、老师和身边其他人那里学到，关爱他人至关重要，但对他们而言，更容易把这条准则笼统地套用在人类和动物身上。”)”和下文““However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner.(内尔德纳补充道：“但随着年龄增长，他们会逐渐接受社会主流观念，明白关爱同类才是首要准则。”)”可知， 上文说明儿童道德规则不分人与动物，D选项“因此，他们不会强烈偏向拯救某一方，她说道。”是该原因带来的结果；后文 However 转折，引出成年后的观念变化，逻辑通顺。 【29题详解】 根据下文“…the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds.(……4 岁孩子往往更在乎小狗、猫咪、海豚，而非同学、警察和病人；但到了10岁，这一情况完全反转。)”可知，下文以4岁和10岁儿童的对比实验，证明年龄带来的观念转变。B选项“她的研究表明，这种观念转变在 10 岁左右就开始了。”总领本段核心：观念转变的起始年龄，引出下文实验论据。 三、阅读与表达 (共3小题，7分；第30、31题每小题2分，第32题3分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Discovered by Amateurs Some astronomers spend their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space, but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try. In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. The pictures were just thousands of tiny spots of light, but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures. Could it possibly be a supernova (超新星) ? Usually a supernova is brighter, and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness. Later Gray’s discovery was confirmed, and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova. Throughout history, important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs. An early example is William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. Uranus had been observed before, but expert astronomers thought it didn’t belong to our solar system. When Herschel saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself, he realized that it was orbiting the sun. This meant that Uranus was a planet. And so, the map of our night sky was changed forever. Then in 1930, a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man, a farmer’s son, with no college education or formal training in astronomy. Clyde Tombaugh built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He then sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. Within a year, Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet, Pluto. It was regarded as a planet for 76 years, but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didn’t meet all of the criteria for a true planet. It was then considered to be a dwarf planet. John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction. With affordable tools like Dobson’s telescope, more amateurs today have the technology that is needed to make discoveries of their own. 30. When did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova? _________________________________________________ 31. What did Clyde Tombaugh do before sending his pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher? _________________________________________________ 32. Which amateur astronomer impressed you most? Give your reasons. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 【答案】30. In January, 2011. / She discovered it in January, 2011. 31. He built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. (答案二选一或两者都可) 32. Possible versions: (1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young, she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. It’s the key to her success. That’s why she has impressed me most. (2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didn’t make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me most. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了业余天文学家在天文发现领域做出的重要贡献。 【30题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. Later Gray’s discovery was confirmed, and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova.( 2011年1月，时常观测星体的凯瑟琳・格雷，正在翻看近期的太空影像，并将其与数年前拍摄的照片进行比对。后来，格雷的这一发现得到证实，她也因此成为史上最年轻的超新星发现者。)”可知，凯瑟琳·格雷在2011年1月发现了超新星。 【31题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Clyde Tombaugh built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He then sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory(克莱德・汤博依据一本青少年杂志上文章的说明，自制了一台望远镜。他常常细致描绘火星与木星的表面样貌，随后将这些画作寄给了洛厄尔天文台的 V・M・斯莱弗博士。)”可知，克莱德·汤博在给V. M. 斯莱弗博士发送图片之前，用一本男孩杂志上的说明自制了一台望远镜，并且他过去常常绘制火星和木星表面的详细图片。 【32题详解】 考查开放性试题。这是一道开放性问题，要求从文中提到的业余天文学家中选择一个印象最深刻的并说明原因。回答时需明确指出选择的人物，然后结合人物的事迹阐述原因，注意字数控制在40词左右。答案示例：(1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young, she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. It’s the key to her success. That’s why she has impressed me most.(凯瑟琳・格雷是发现超新星的最年轻者，给我的印象最深。尽管年纪尚小，她却拥有自己的爱好，并为之投入时间。这是她成功的关键，也是我对她印象深刻的原因。)；(2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didn’t make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me most.( 约翰・多布森令我印象最深。他没有做出天文发现，但他研发出了低成本观测设备的制作方法，让更多人得以把天文观测当作爱好。从某种意义上来说，他的影响力更为深远，因此我最敬佩他。)。（答案不唯一，言之有理即可） 四、课本选词填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 用方框中所给词汇或短语的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。 conduct; come across; crowd in on sb.; survive; judge from; advocate; explore; integrate with; engage in; be noted for; strike 33. When she saw the old picture, many childhood memories ________ her. 34. More and more young people ________ a simple and low-carbon lifestyle in the past ten years. 35. ________ is the most important thing for those trapped in the wild. 36. What is ________ about the ancient castle is its unique building style. 37. Many college students prefer to ________ meaningful social activities in their free time. 38. His brave ________ in the desert made him well-known in his country. 39. ________ his appearance, we can’t know what kind of person he really is. 40. These new courses ________ local culture perfectly last year, but they are no longer as effective today. 41. The local museum ________ a special exhibition about traditional art next month. 42. This small town ________ its beautiful natural sights and friendly people in the19th century. 【答案】33. crowded in on (her) 34. have advocated##have been advocating 35. Survival##To survive## Surviving 36. striking 37. engage in 38. exploration (s) 39. Judging from 40. (were) integrated with 41. will conduct##is going to conduct 42. was noted for 【解析】 【33题详解】 考查动词短语及时态。句意：当她看到那张旧照片时，许多童年的回忆涌上心头。根据前文“When she saw the old picture”可知，许多童年的回忆涌上心头。“crowd in on sb.”是固定短语，意为“涌上某人心头”。根据“saw”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，crowd的过去式为crowded。 【34题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在过去十年里，越来越多的年轻人提倡简单低碳的生活方式。根据后文“a simple and low-carbon lifestyle in the past ten years.”可知，来越多的年轻人提倡简单低碳的生活方式。“advocate”是动词，意为“提倡；拥护”。“in the past ten years”常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，主语“More and more young people”是复数，助动词用have，即have advocated或have been advocating。 【35题详解】 考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：对于那些被困在野外的人来说，生存是最重要的事情。根据后文“for those trapped in the wild.”可知，对于那些被困在野外的人来说，生存是最重要的事情。分析句子可知，此处需填主语，“survive”是动词，意为“生存”，其动名词形式“surviving”、动词不定式“to survive”或名词形式“survival”都可作主语。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这座古堡引人注目的是它独特的建筑风格。“striking”是形容词，意为“引人注目的；显著的”，在从句中作表语，描述古堡的特点。 【37题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：许多大学生更喜欢在空闲时间参加有意义的社会活动。根据后文“meaningful social activities in their free time.”可知，许多大学生更喜欢在空闲时间参加有意义的社会活动。“engage in”是固定短语，意为“参加；从事”，“prefer to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“更喜欢做某事”，to后接动词原形。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：他在沙漠中的勇敢探索使他在自己的国家声名远扬。根据后文“in the desert”可知，他在沙漠中的勇敢探索使他在自己的国家声名远扬。“exploration”是名词，意为“探索”，根据“His brave”可知，此处需填名词，作主语，且根据语境，单复数形式均可。 【39题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：从他的外表判断，我们无法知道他到底是什么样的人。根据句意，表示“从……判断”，用固定短语“judging from”，在句中作状语，且无论主语是什么，都用judging from这种形式，首字母大写。 【40题详解】 考查动词短语时态和语态。句意：去年，这些新课程与当地文化完美融合，但如今它们不再那么有效了。根据句意，表示“融合”，用动词短语“integrate with”，在句中可理解为“与……融合”，用主动语态，也可理解为“被与……融合”，用被动语态。根据“last year”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were，即integrated with或者were integrated with。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当地博物馆下个月将举办一场关于传统艺术的特别展览。根据“a special exhibition about traditional art next month”可知，博物馆将举办特别展览。“conduct”是动词，意为“举办；进行”。根据“next month”可知，句子描述将来发生的事情，可用一般将来时，其结构为“will +动词原形”或“be going to +动词原形”，主语“The local museum”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语及时态。句意：这个小镇在19世纪以其美丽的自然风光和友好的人民而闻名。根据“its beautiful natural sights and friendly people”可知，小镇以其自然风光和友好的人民而闻名，“be noted for”是固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”。根据“in the 19th century”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语“This small town”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was noted for。 五、语法填空 (共8小题；每小题1分，共8分) 根据句意填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 43. Mike will become the first person in his family ________(finish) the college education. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to finish 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克将成为他家庭中第一个完成大学教育的人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，序数词修饰名词时，其后应使用不定式形式作后置定语，所以此处应使用不定式形式，结合句意finish与所修饰词person之间为主动关系，所以使用不定式的主动形式。故填to finish。 44. I’ll never forget the very day ________ I spent with my grandparents in the countryside. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母在乡下一起度过的那一天。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词day，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词有the very修饰，需用关系代词that引导。 45. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎生活了五十年后，他回到了他小时候长大的小镇。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词the small town表示“小镇”在从句中作地点状语成分，所以为关系副词where引导。故填where。 46. Have you seen the film“Titanic”, ________ leading actor is world famous? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：你看过电影《泰坦尼克号》吗？这部电影的男主角世界闻名。根据句意可知，设空句对名词film起修饰和补充作用，所以这是非限制性定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，设空处在从句中充当定语，充当定语要用whose。故填whose。 47. Recently I bought an English dictionary, the price of ________ was very reasonable. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】句意：最近我买了一本英语词典，它的价格非常合理。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词an English dictionary，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。 48. The horses had serious difficulties ________ the heavy snow and the terrible cold. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些马匹在大雪和严寒的环境下处境艰难。固定搭配have difficulty/difficulties with sth.意为“在某事/某方面有困难”。 49. A new library ________ (build) in our school now and will be open to us soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being built 【解析】 【详解】句意：一座新图书馆目前正在我校被建造，很快就会对我们开放。根据时间状语now可知，使用现在进行时，a new library和build为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 50. She hoped that she ________ (become) a doctor one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would become 【解析】 【详解】句意：她希望自己有朝一日能成为一名医生。主句谓语 hoped 是一般过去时；宾语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，受主句过去时态限制，需要用过去将来时。 六、课文段落填空 (共8小题；每小题1分，共8分) (1) 课文段落填空 The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for ____51____”. Scott ____52____ the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 【答案】51. everything that makes a man 52. had failed to win 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述斯科特虽失败但展现巨大勇气，成为英雄。 【51题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：斯科特船长留下了一份记录，诠释了诚实、真诚、勇敢以及成就一个人所需的一切美好品质。根据课文内容可知，此处需填“成就一个人所需的一切美好品质”，表示“一切美好品质”应用everything；表示“成就一个人所需的”应用定语从句that makes a man，that指代everything，在定语从句中作主语。 【52题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：斯科特没能赢得这场极点竞赛，但斯科特和队员们展现出的非凡勇气使他们成为了英雄。根据课文内容可知，此处需填“没能赢得”，表示“未能做某事”应用fail to do sth.，动作“输掉比赛”发生在“成为英雄、世人评价”这个过去动作之前，属于过去的过去，时态需用过去完成时；表示“赢得”应用win，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。 (2) 课文段落填空 Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use ____53____ to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, ____54____. Today Tu Youyou ____55____ despite her age. 【答案】53. old wisdom and new methods 54. saving millions of lives 55. continues to conduct research 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了屠呦呦在中国科学发展艰难时期，作为科学家所展现出的特质，以及她如今的状况。 【53题详解】 句意：屠呦呦因在中国科学发展艰难时期作为科学家的勇敢精神，以及她运用古老智慧和新方法实现目标的能力，还有她的工作连接了东西方世界这一事实而闻名。此处“her ability to use...”表达她运用……的能力，根据常识，屠呦呦在研究中结合了传统中医药知识（古老智慧）与现代科学方法，所以应填“old wisdom and new methods”，作use的宾语，用来具体说明她运用的内容。 【54题详解】 句意：屠呦呦因在中国科学发展艰难时期作为科学家的勇敢精神，以及她运用古老智慧和新方法实现目标的能力，还有她的工作连接了东西方世界这一事实而闻名，这拯救了数百万人的生命。分析句子结构，逗号前是完整的句子，此处应用非谓语动词形式。“her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds”这件事带来了“saving millions of lives”（拯救数百万人生命）的结果，所以用现在分词短语作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填saving millions of lives。 【55题详解】 句意：如今，尽管年事已高，屠呦呦仍继续进行研究。根据“Today”可知，描述现在的情况用一般现在时，主语“Tu Youyou”是第三人称单数，“continue to do sth.”表示“继续做某事”，“conduct research”表示“进行研究”，所以此处应填“continues to conduct research”，说明屠呦呦当下依旧在科研领域的行动。 (3) 课文段落填空 Shortly after, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even ____56____ films. He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work. Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with ____57____, raising millions of dollars ____58____ medical research. 【答案】56. starring in 57. back injuries and disabilities 58. in support of 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了Reeve 投身慈善事业的故事。 【56题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，他通过导演、制片甚至主演电影，成功重回电影事业。根据课文内容可知，表示“主演”应用动词短语star in，位于介词by后面，需用动名词形式starring in作宾语。 【57题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：里夫成为一名热忱且积极的倡导者，为背部受伤和残障人士奔走发声。根据课文内容可知，表示“背部损伤与残障”应用名词短语back injuries and disabilities作宾语。 【58题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：筹集了数百万美元用以支持医学研究。根据课文内容可知，表示“支持”应用介词短语in support of。 七、选词填空 (共5小题；每小题1分，共5分) 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。 collapse reliant course combine dedicate enrichment 59. These events changed the _________ of history. 60. They are _________ on a very limited number of exportable products. 61. Until now, Talks between management and unions _________. 62. He’s too serious and _________, wrapped up in his career. 63. The _________ of hard work and talent made her successful. 【答案】59. course 60. reliant 61. have collapsed 62. dedicated 63. combination 【解析】 【59题详解】 句意：这些事件改变了历史的进程。“course”作名词，有“进程；过程”的意思，“the course of history”表示“历史的进程”，符合语境，作宾语。 【60题详解】 句意：他们依赖于非常有限的一些可出口产品。“be reliant on”是固定短语，意为“依赖；依靠”，这里用形容词reliant作表语，说明主语的状态。 【61题详解】 句意：到目前为止，资方和工会之间的谈判已经破裂。“collapse”作动词，意为“破裂；瓦解”，“Until now”常与现在完成时连用，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语“Talks”是复数，助动词用have，collapse的过去分词是collapsed。 【62题详解】 句意：他太严肃且专注，一心扑在事业上。“dedicated”是形容词，意为“专注的；献身的”，与“serious”并列，描述主语“He”的特点，作表语。 【63题详解】 句意：努力工作和天赋的结合使她获得了成功。“combination”是名词，意为“结合；组合”，“the combination of...”表示“……的结合”，在句中作主语。 八、书面表达 (20分) 64. 假设你是高一学生李华。你校近期开展了以“Human and Nature”为主题的系列活动 (涉及环境保护、自然探索和应对自然挑战) 。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你用英文给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1.介绍一项你参与的活动； 2.分享你的收获或启发。 注意：1.词数140左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1: I’m really glad that you’re interested in our “Human and Nature” activities. I’d love to share one of my experiences with you. One activity that really stayed with me was the “Zero-Waste Challenge.” We were asked to spend a whole day without using any plastic, which sounded easy at first. But soon I found myself hesitating over small things, like buying a drink or taking a snack. It was a simple activity, yet it made me see my daily habits in a completely different way. What I gained from this experience was more than I expected. It made me realize that protecting the environment doesn’t always require big actions— sometimes, it begins with the smallest choices. Since then, I’ve started to be more careful about what I use and try to reduce waste whenever I can. Hope you can try something like this one day! I’d love to hear about any similar activities at your school. Best wishes, Possible Version 2: I’m really glad that you’re interested in our “Human and Nature” activities. I’d love to share one of my favorite experiences with you. Last weekend, I joined a nature walk in a nearby wetland park. As we walked along the narrow paths, I noticed things I had never paid attention to before the sound of birds hidden in the trees, the gentle movement of water, and even tiny insects resting on leaves. At one moment, we all stopped quietly just to listen, and I felt completely relaxed, as if the busy world had slowed down for a while. What impressed me most was how close I felt to nature. For the first time, I felt more connected to the world around me. I’ve really come to enjoy these quiet moments and I will spend more time outdoors. Do you have a similar experience? Looking forward to your reply. Possible Version 3: I’m really glad that you’re interested in our “Human and Nature” activities. I’d like to share one experience that left a deep impression on me. Last week, I took part in an earthquake drill at school. The alarm suddenly went off, and we were told to get under our desks and protect our heads before evacuating. At first, I felt nervous and unsure of what to do. But as our teacher guided us and my classmates reminded each other to stay low and move carefully, I gradually calmed down. We followed the instructions and made our way out of the building in order. What impressed me most was how important it is to stay calm in such situations. I realized that nature can be powerful and unpredictable, and we must learn to respect it and be prepared. At the same time, I understood that helping others can make a big difference in emergencies. Have you ever experienced something like this? Looking forward to your reply. 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生给外国好友Jim写一封信，介绍自己参与的一项活动以及分享自己的收获或启发。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in→be keen on 高兴的：glad→delighted 活动：activity→event 获得：gain→obtain 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：But soon I found myself hesitating over small things, like buying a drink or taking a snack. 拓展句：But soon I found myself hesitating over small things, which include buying a drink or taking a snack. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m really glad that you’re interested in our “Human and Nature” activities. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] We were asked to spend a whole day without using any plastic, which sounded easy at first. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $