Unit 2 同步课时训练 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

Unit 2 Section 1 Experiencing and understanding language 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.After reading the book for several minutes, I felt ________. (bore) 2.Lele always ________ (smile) and ________ (look) friendly. 3.Haoran ________ (sit) up straight and ________ (try) smiling at people. 4.You ________ (not give) people a good impression, Haoran. 5.It ________ (be) the way you stand and sit. 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.他可以利用这个机会发展他的人际交往能力。 He could use this chance to ________ his ________ skills. 7.“你从不微笑，也不把头转向他们。” You never ________, and you ________ turn your head towards them. 8.人们总是去找乐乐而不是浩然。 People always ________ to Lele instead of Haoran. 9.Gilbert was so clever that he knew the answer quickly;  （根据句子意思，选用It’s adj. +of sb to do 或 It’s+adj. +for sb to do句型改写句子） It _______________________________________________________________________. 10.They discussed how they should work out the problem last night.  （改为疑问词+to do句型） They discussed ________ last night. 三、阅读理解 Today, in my fridge, there are a few grapes, some bananas and some juice. There is also a pizza, and some burgers. I know what this food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me? It’s time to look at my carbon footprint and think about the good, the bad and the really ugly. My first stop is the label. Labels give us lots of information: how long we can keep our food, how healthy it is and where it comes from. A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from local places, but today, food travels thousands of miles. We refrigerate it, and then transport it in planes and ships all over the world. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand. I take out a banana it’s from Brazil, but that’s not too bad. It came here by boat, so the carbon footprint is small. The next stop is the packaging. Unlike bananas, food like grapes needs protection with package. However, in the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging. We throw away the plastic containers holding fruits like grapes. More than 30% of packaging waste ends up in landfills instead of being sent to recycling centers. Then I look at the grapes in my fridge—they’re in a plastic box and they’re from Spain. But at least they grew in natural sunlight. In the UK, people grow grapes in greenhouses, which means our grapes use more energy. But there is one other thing in my fridge, and as if pizza and grapes are "bad", then this food is "really ugly"—the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows. In the USA, cows create the same amount of greenhouse gases as 20 million cars! As I close the fridge door, I make a new checklist for my next trip to the supermarket. Maybe I could grow my own vegetables too. 11.What does "carbon footprint" mean in the passage? A．The cost of buying foreign food. B．The possible health risks of daily food. C．The distance food travels from place to place. D．The effect of food choices on the environment. 12.What does the writer learn about the food in his fridge? A．The pizza is bad because of its unhealthy seafood. B．The bananas are good as they grow in Brazil. C．The grapes are bad because they need to be packed. D．The burgers are ugly as they need more energy. 13.What question is most likely on the writer’s new supermarket checklist? A．“Are these apples grown locally?” B．“Does this fish have enough packaging?” C．“Is this apple pie cheaper than the frozen one?” D．“Will these pieces of beef stay fresh for three days?” 14.What is the purpose of writing the passage? A．To help people choose healthy foreign food. B．To explain how different kinds of food are produced. C．To teach people to count the carbon footprint of the food. D．To call on people to be eco-friendly when buying food. 答案以及解析 1.bored 【详解】句意：读了几分钟书后，我感到很无聊。句中“felt”是feel的过去式，为感官系动词，后面要接形容词作表语。bore是动词，修饰人要用其形容词形式bored“感到无聊的”，故填bored。 2. smiles looks 【详解】句意：乐乐总是面带微笑，看起来十分友好亲切。always提示此句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词都用第三人称单数形式。 3. sits tries 【详解】句意：浩然坐直了身子，并试着对人们微笑。句子描述的是一种常态行为，所以用一般现在时。主语Haoran是第三人称单数，根据一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语时，动词要用第三人称单数形式的规则，sit的第三人称单数是sits，try的第三人称单数是tries。 4.don’t give 【详解】句意：浩然，你没有给人们留下一个好印象。此句是对当下情况的评价、说明现在的状态，应用一般现在时。主语You为第二人称，一般现在时的否定形式需借助助动词don’t，后接动词原形give。 5．is 【详解】句意：这是你站立和坐下的方式。根据语境可知这是一个长期的习惯性动作，故此处使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be的第三人称单数形式是is。 6. develop social 【详解】原句中“发展”和“人际交往的”是关键词。表示“发展/培养”的动词为“develop”。“to”后直接用原形即可；表示“人际的/社交的”形容词为“social”，“social skills”表示“人际交往能力”。故填develop；social。 7. smile don’t/never 【详解】 “微笑”对应单词smile，never是频度副词，用于一般现在时；主语是第二人称，谓语动词用原形；“也不”表示否定，句子前半部分用never表否定，后半句and 连接并列结构，为保持语义一致，可填never；也可填don’t，构成否定句。故填smile；never/don’t。 8．go 【详解】原句中“去找”是关键词，表示“去”的动词是go。本句描述经常发生的动作，使用一般现在时，主语People是复数，谓语动词用原形。 9.was clever of Gilbert to know the answer quickly 【详解】句意：吉尔伯特非常聪明，很快就知道了答案。改写句子需用“It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”句型，该句型用于描述人的品质、性格等，形容词clever表示人的特质，因此用of。 故填was clever of Gilbert to know the answer quickly。 10.how to work out the problem 【详解】句意：昨晚他们讨论了该如何解决这个问题。原句中宾语从句“how they should work out the problem”可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构“how to work out the problem”，作动词discussed的宾语。 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 【导语】本文通过讲述冰箱里食物的来源、包装等对环境的影响，呼吁人们在购买食物时要环保。 11.文中提到食品从产地运输到消费者手中，如披萨上的海鲜来自泰国，香蕉来自巴西等，还提到了食品运输、包装等带来的环境影响，结合第二段“I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand.”以及倒数第二段“as if pizza and grapes are ‘bad’, then this food is ‘really ugly’—the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows.”可知，“carbon footprint”指的是食物选择对环境的影响，而不是购买外国食物的成本、日常食物的健康风险或食物运输的距离。 12.根据第三段“Unlike bananas, food like grapes needs protection with package. However, in the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging. We throw away the plastic containers holding fruits like grapes. More than 30% of packaging waste ends up in landfills instead of being sent to recycling centers.”可知，文中提到葡萄需要塑料包装，且很多包装没有被回收，造成环境问题，因此在作者看来属于“不好”的食物。 13.作者在文中强调了食物运输距离对环境的影响，提到过去食物多来自本地，现在很多食物运输很远，所以作者新的超市购物清单上最可能出现的问题是“这些苹果是本地种植的吗？”，关注食物的本地来源以减少运输带来的环境影响，A选项符合。 14.文章通过讲述食物的运输距离、包装浪费以及食物来源对环境的影响，目的是呼吁人们在购买食物时要环保，考虑对环境的影响。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Section 3 Expressing and communicating 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.This situation makes me feel ________ (comfortable). 2.Let’s ________ (suppose) that he is right. 3.I ________ (true) believe that honesty is important. 4.She spoke ________ (direct) to the manager. 5.A simple g________ like waving your hand, can show you are saying hello to someone. 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.在不同的文化中，人们需要注意到眼神交流的含义可能不同。 In different cultures, people need to ______ ______ ______ the fact that eye contact can mean different things. 7.这是我们的阅览室。 This is our ____________ room. 8.演讲前深呼吸可以帮助你放松。 _______ _______ before a presentation can help you relax. 9.他待在家里，而没有看足球赛。 He stayed at home __________ __________ ____________ football match. 10.点头这个简单的手势可以帮助我们更好地与他人沟通。 Nodding, a simple gesture, can help us _______ _______ _______ others. 三、阅读理解 When we communicate with others, it’s not just about what we say. Body language also plays an important role. Body language includes our gestures, facial expressions, and even how we stand. For example, if someone is smiling while talking to you, it usually means they are happy or friendly. But if they cross their arms and look away, they might be angry or not interested in the conversation. In some countries, shaking hands is a way to greet people, but in other countries, people hug instead. A teacher named Ms. White did a small experiment with her students. She asked two students to talk about the same topic. One student stood up straight, made eye contact, and smiled. The other student slouched （弯腰驼背） and looked at the ground. Most classmates said they liked listening to the first student better, even though they talked about the same thing. This shows how important body language is! 11.What does body language NOT include? A．Gestures. B．Words we say. C．Facial expressions. D．The way we stand. 12.If someone crosses their arms and looks away, they may be ________. A．happy B．angry C．friendly D．excited 13.In some countries, people ________ to greet each other instead of shaking hands. A．hug B．bow C．kiss D．wave 14.Why did most classmates like the first student better in the experiment? A．He/She talked about a more interesting topic. B．He/She used better body language. C．He/She had a louder voice. D．He/She was more popular in the class. 答案以及解析 1.uncomfortable 【详解】句意：这种情况让我感觉不舒服。根据语境，此处应是表达某种情况使人感觉“不舒服”，需用comfortable的反义词形式。comfortable的反义词为uncomfortable，意为“不舒服的”，在句中作feel的表语。 2.suppose 【详解】句意：让我们假设他是对的。“let”为使役动词，后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“let sb. do sth.”，所以用动词原形suppose。 3.truly 【详解】句意：我真诚地相信诚实很重要。修饰动词“believe”，需用副词形式，表示“真诚地”。“true”为形容词，其副词形式为“truly”。 4.directly 【详解】句意：她直接跟经理说话。修饰动词“spoke”，需用副词形式，表示“直接地”。“direct”为形容词，其副词形式为“directly”。 5.gesture/esture 【详解】句意：一个简单的手势，比如挥手，可以表示你在向某人打招呼。根据首字母提示和“like waving your hand”可知，挥手属于打招呼的手势，名词gesture“手势”符合语境，且由“A simple”可知，此处用单数。故填gesture。 6. pay attention to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“注意到”，英文表达为pay attention to，且need to后接动词原形。故填pay；attention；to。 7.reading 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“阅览”，“read”表达“阅读，阅览”，动词，根据此句的“ … room”的句型可知，“room”前需用形容词修饰，因此此处需用“read”的现在分词作形容词修饰“room”，“read”的现在分词是“reading”。故填reading。 8. Breathing deeply 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“深呼吸”，用动名词短语“breathing deeply”作主语，表示一种行为或动作，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Breathing；deeply。 9. instead of watching 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“而没有看”根据此句的“He stayed at home … football match.”的句型可知，前句是表达肯定，意为“他待在家里”，后句是表达否定，意为“而没有看足球赛”，此处的“而没有”可以用“代替”表达，也就是表达“他待在家里”代替了“看足球赛”，“instead of”表达“代替”，动词短语，因为“of”是介词，因此后接动名词，“watch”表达“看”，动词，此处需用“watch”的动名词“watching”。故填instead；of；watching。 10. communicate better with 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“更好地与……沟通”，用动词短语“communicate better with”，且“help sb do sth”是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以communicate用原形。故填communicate；better；with。 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了肢体语言在人际交流中的重要性，包括手势、面部表情和站姿等，并通过实验说明积极的肢体语言能提升沟通效果。   11.细节理解题。根据“Body language includes our gestures, facial expressions, and even how we stand”可知，肢体语言包括手势、面部表情和站姿，但未提及“说的话”。故选B。 12.推理判断题。根据“if they cross their arms and look away, they might be angry or not interested in the conversation”可推断，双臂交叉并移开视线可能表示愤怒或不感兴趣。angry“愤怒的”符合描述。故选B。 13.细节理解题。根据“in other countries, people hug instead”可知，有些国家用拥抱代替握手。故选A。   14. 推理判断题。根据“One student stood up straight, made eye contact, and smiled... Most classmates said they liked listening to the first student better”可知，第一位学生因站姿端正、眼神交流和微笑（积极的肢体语言）更受欢迎。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Section 4 Extending and developing competencies 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.Eye contact __________ (mean) looking into another person’s eyes. 2.Avoiding eye contact __________ (can) cause problems, but too much eye contact __________ (be) not polite either. 3.If you look down and avoid eye contact, a northern European __________ (may) think you are not listening. 4.Please call me ________ （立即） if you need help. 5.The ________ （意义） of this word is not easy to explain. 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.“作揖”是一种表达感谢、问候、道歉或求助的礼貌方式。   Zuoyi is a polite way to show your appreciation, greet, apologize ________ ask for help. 7.如果你低头并避免眼神交流，北欧人可能会认为你没有在听。   __________ you look down and avoid eye contact, a Northern European may think you are not listening. 8.你可以通过上课或观看官方培训视频来学习中国手语。   You ________ learn CSL by taking a course or watching official training videos. 9.在许多情况下，眼神交流是良好沟通的关键。 ______ ______ ______, eye contact is the key to good communication. 10.有些人觉得面对面交流比在网上聊天更容易。 Some people find it easier to communicate ______ ______ than to chat online. 三、阅读理解 FranceFrance is famous for its people’s romantic （浪漫的） way of greeting. They touch their face and make a kissing sound. BrazilCome and take a bath! Indians in Brazil （巴西） love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them. ThailandPeople in Thailand press their hands together and bow to greet each other. If you hold your hands higher or take a lower bow, you show more respect to others. New ZealandThe custom of welcoming someone is called the "hongi". People touch their noses together when they meet. They are sharing their breath with their guests. How do people greet visitors? In most countries, people shake hands when they meet. However, the world is made up of many different cultures. Other cultures have special customs. Read on to find out! 11.How many ways of greeting are there in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 12.Which country greets people by touching noses? A．France. B．Brazil. C．Thailand. D．New Zealand. 13.Which part of the newspaper is the passage taken from? A．Science. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Business. 答案以及解析 1.means 【详解】句意：眼神交流意味着直视另一个人的眼睛。句子主语Eye contact是单数名词，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，因此谓语动词mean要用第三人称单数形式means。 2. can is 【详解】句意：避免眼神接触会引发问题，但过多的眼神接触也不礼貌。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，第一空直接填can；第二空主语too much eye contact是单数不可数概念，be动词用is。 3．may 【详解】句意：如果你低头并且避免眼神交流，北欧人可能会认为你没有在听。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，主句主语a northern European（北欧人）是单数第三人称，括号内may是情态动词，后接动词原形；结合语境“低头、避免眼神交流”会给人“没有在听”的印象，此处应填may。 4.immediately 【详解】句意：如果你需要帮助，请立即给我打电话。句中call是动词，需要用副词修饰，“立即”对应的英文副词是immediately。 5.meaning 【详解】句意：这个词的意义不容易解释。the后接名词。“意义”可译为名词meaning，在句中作主语，“the meaning of”为固定短语，意为“……的意义”。 6．or 【详解】原句中“或”是关键词，表示“或”的连词是or。 7．If 【详解】原句中“如果”是关键词，表示“如果”的词为if，句首字母需要大写，故填If。 8．can 【详解】原句中“可以”为关键信息，对应情态动词can，后接动词原形learn，符合句子语法结构。 9. In many cases 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“在许多情况下”，英文表达为in many cases，固定短语；句首字母需大写。故填In；many；cases。 10. in person 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“面对面”，即“亲自”，英文表达为in person，固定短语。故填in；person。 11．C 12．D 13．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了法国、巴西、泰国和新西兰四个国家独特的问候方式，展示了不同文化的多样性。 11.文章表格中分别提到了法国、巴西、泰国和新西兰的四种不同的问候方式，文章最后一段还明确提到“In most countries, people shake hands when they meet.”，所以全文共计提到了5种问候方式。 12.文章新西兰部分“People touch their noses together when they meet.”指出，新西兰人通过碰鼻子来问候。 13.文章围绕不同国家独特的问候习俗展开，属于文化习俗的介绍。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Section 2 Exploring and applying rules （Grammar） 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.________ (smile) can make people around you feel good. 2.I’m starting a new part-time job next week. I’m very ________ (excite) about it. 3.I have not known anyone like Lu Yao, and I look forward to ________ (meet) her in person. 4.Some people are not very patient, so they get ________ (bore) easily. 5.English grammar makes me ________ (confuse). 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.她每天练习英语，以便能说得更流利。   She practises English every day ________ ________ she can speak more fluently. 7.他坐起来，带着微笑准备发言。    He ________ ________ and got ready to speak ________ ________ ________. 8.他举起手来提问。 He ________ to ask a question. 9.很多人被这份工作的薪水所吸引。 Many people ________ ________ by the pay of this job. 10.眼见为实。 ____________ is believing 三、阅读理解 In China and abroad, people sometimes communicate without speaking. How do they do this? They use body language. But body language is not the same in all cultures. In China and some other countries, friends shake hands to greet each other. They may be new friends or old, but they shake hands to show friendship and trust. In some European countries, people kiss each other on both cheeks. It’s another way to show friendship and love. In India, when people nod their heads, they mean "no". And when people shake their heads, they mean "yes". But in most other countries, these things mean the opposite. A thumbs-up means "okay" or "well done" in most cultures. In Australia, however, it is not polite. In Japan, it means "five"， and in Germany, it means "one". In most places, people point to things with their fingers. But in some places, people point with their lips （嘴唇） because they think if someone points with a finger, it’s rude and they feel uncomfortable. When Italians wave goodbye, it may look like “Come here! ” to Americans. But the American goodbye wave looks like "no" in many parts of Europe and South America. One body language is the same all around the world: a smile. It is a common language. Try it, and you’ll experience… 11.Which of the following shows friendship in some European countries? A．Touching the arm. B．Nodding the head. C．Pointing with a finger. D．Kissing each other. 12.In which country does a thumb-up mean "one"？ A．Italy. B．Germany. C．Japan. D．Australia. 13.What does the underlined word "rude" mean in Paragraph 5? A．Unfriendly. B．Impossible. C．Right. D．Hard. 14.What is likely to be written next according to the last paragraph? A．The power of smile. B．The meaning of love. C．The same feeling. D．The wonderful world. 答案以及解析 1.Smiling 【详解】句意：微笑可以让你周围的人感觉良好。根据“can make”提示，此处应填动名词短语作主语。“smile”的动名词形式是smiling，位于句首首字母大写。 2.excited 【详解】句意：我下周要开始一份新的兼职工作。我对此感到非常兴奋。根据“I’m very”及“about it”提示，此处为形容词短语be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，形容词excited作表语。 3.meeting 【详解】句意：我从未认识过像陆瑶这样的人，我期待着亲自见到她。句中“look forward to”为固定短语，意为“期待”，其中to为介词，后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语。因此，空格处应将动词meet转换为动名词形式。meet的动名词形式为meeting，意为“见到”，符合句意。 4.bored 【详解】句意：有些人不是很有耐心，所以他们很容易感到厌烦。句中get为系动词，后接形容词作表语。bore为动词，其形容词形式有bored修饰人，表示“感到厌烦的”和 boring修饰物，表示“令人厌烦的”。本句主语they指代人，因此用bored，符合语义与语法要求。 5.confused 【详解】句意：英语语法让我感到困惑。句中使用make的使役结构“make sb.+形容词”，表示“使某人处于某种状态”。confuse为动词，其形容词形式有confused用于修饰人，表示“感到困惑的”；confusing用于修饰事物，表示“令人困惑的”。本句宾语me指代人，需用描述人感受的confused作宾语补足语。 6. so that 【详解】原句中“以便”是关键词，so that意为“以便” ，表目的，用来引导目的状语从句。 7. sat up with a smile 【详解】原句中“坐起来”是关键词，表示“坐起来”的短语是sit up，后半句“带着微笑”对应短语with a smile。本句时态为一般过去时，sit的过去式为sat。故填sat；up；with；a；smile。 8.held his hand up 【详解】原句中“举起手”是关键信息，表示“举起手”的英文短语是hold one’s hand up。本句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，hold的过去式为held，his hand为宾语，up为副词。故填held his hand up。 9. are attracted 【详解】be attracted by“被吸引”，语境提示句子用一般现在时，主语是“Many people”，be动词用are。 10.Seeing 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“眼见”，“眼见为实”是固定谚语，用“Seeing is believing”，句首单词首字母需要大写。故填Seeing。 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同文化中肢体语言的差异和共同点。 11.细节理解题。根据“In some European countries, people kiss each other on both cheeks. It’s another way to show friendship and love.”可知，互相亲吻表示在欧洲国家的友谊。故选D。 12.细节理解题。根据“and in Germany, it means ‘one’。”可知，在德国竖大拇指代表第一。故选B。 13.词句猜测题。根据“because they think if someone points with a finger, it’s rude and they feel uncomfortable.”可知，如果有人用手指指点点，会让他们感觉不礼貌不舒服，故推出划线部分rude意为“粗鲁的，不友好的”，与“Unfriendly”同义。故选A。 14.推理判断题。根据“One body language is the same all around the world: a smile. It is a common language. Try it, and you’ll experience…”可知，此处提到了微笑是一种通用语言，故推出下文应该会写微笑的力量。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $