Unit 4 知识点汇总 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

新外研社八下UNIT4知识点汇总 1. lend a hand 帮忙;伸出援手,相当于help,强调“主动提供帮助”的动作。 例句:When the old man fell down, the students stopped to lend a hand. 拓展:表达“帮助”的常见短语还有:help out, give a hand。 Man’s life is limited, but there is no limit to serving the people. 人的生命是有限的,可是为人民服务是无限的。 2. limited〔形容词〕有限的 limit〔名词〕意为“极限;限量” 常用搭配:limit on sth 对某事的限制(或限度);within limits 在合理范围内;适度地;over the limit 超出限度(或规定范围) 例句:A kindness is never wasted. 善意永不被浪费。 3. waste①〔动词〕浪费;滥用 常用搭配:waste time/money on sb/sth 在某人/某事物上浪费时间/金钱;waste time/money doing sth 浪费时间/金钱做某事 ②〔名词〕浪费。常用搭配:a waste of... 浪费……;say no to waste 拒绝浪费 ③〔名词〕废物;垃圾。例句:The waste in the sea caused the whale’s death. ④〔形容词〕无用的;废弃的;丢弃的。例句:waste things 废弃物 4. add 〔及物动词〕增加;添加;加。常用搭配:add...to... 添加……到…… 例句:If you add five to six, you will get eleven. / Remember to add some honey. 拓展:有关add的常见短语还有:add to 增加;add up(把……)加起来;add up to 总共是,总计为 5. （1）excuse me 劳驾,打扰一下,对不起 用于礼貌地引起他人尤其是陌生人的注意,特别是在发问时,如借东西、问路、插话、中途离开等场合。 例句:—Excuse me, could you please tell me how I can get to Xinhua Bookstore? —It’s not far from here. I can walk with you. 注意:sorry也表示“对不起,请原谅”,但sorry常用于因自己的过失而表示歉意,主要用于事后道歉。 例句:I am sorry I am late. (2) excuse ①〔动词〕原谅;宽恕。例句:Please excuse my brother. ②〔名词〕借口;理由;辩解。例句:What’s his excuse this time? 6. May I...please? 请问我可以……吗？该句型用于礼貌地向他人请求许可。 7. colour（美式英语:color） ①〔动词〕为……着色。例句:Please colour the kite yellow. ②〔名词〕颜色。例句:What colour is the chair? 8. (1) I’m afraid (that)... 恐怕……;很遗憾…… 常用于口语中,礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 例句:Alice, I’m afraid I can’t join the shopping trip tomorrow. 拓展:I’m afraid so. 恐怕是这样。/ I’m afraid not. 恐怕不是这样。 (2) afraid〔形容词〕担心的;害怕的。常在句中作表语,不作定语。主要有以下用法: ① be afraid of sth 害怕某物。例句:I’m afraid of snakes. ② be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事。例句:He’s afraid of speaking English in public. ③ be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事,不敢做某事。例句:Tom is afraid to go there alone. 9. ①〔动词〕(spread, spread)扩展;蔓延;传播 例句:Fire spread quickly through the building. / The disease spreads easily. ②〔不可数名词〕传播;散布;扩展 例句:One of the easiest ways to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. 10. throw away 扔掉。是“动词 + 副词”型短语。人称代词作宾语时,人称代词须放于throw与away之间;若名词作宾语,名词可放于throw与away之间,也可放于away之后。 例句:He threw away the old sofa. / Remember to throw it away. 拓展:含有away的“动词 + 副词”型短语还有 give away(捐赠),put away(收好),take away(拿走)等。 11. afford〔动词〕买得起,付得起;承担得起(后果) 后面可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。常与can, could, be able to等连用,表示在能力、经济或时间上能承受或做到某事,多用于否定句中。 常用搭配:afford to do sth 承担得起做某事 例句:He can’t afford to buy a new mobile phone. 12. be born with 天生具有。常指生来就具有某种天分、性格或患有某种疾病等。 例句:He was born with something wrong with his mouth. 13. get through sth ①渡过(难关),熬过(困难时期)。例句:Their love helped me get through those difficult months. ②顺利通过(考试等)。例句:She got through the exam. 拓展:get through ①完成(工作),处理(事情)。例句:We’ve got a lot of work to get through. ②接通(电话)。例句:I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t get through. ③进入(下阶段比赛)。例句:He has got through to the final. 14. disappointment〔名词〕失望,扫兴,沮丧 常用搭配:to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 15. 辨析:boring与bored boring无趣的;令人厌烦的;乏味的。可作表语或定语,多用于说明或修饰事物。 bored厌倦的;烦闷的;感到无聊的常作表语,多用于说明人的感受 例句:The movie was so boring that almost everyone felt bored. 16. treatment〔名词〕治疗,诊治;疗法。由“treat( v. 治疗)+名词后缀 -ment”构成。 例句:He had to give up medical treatment because he used up all the money. 拓展:① treat〔动词〕治疗;对待;看待 常用搭配:treat sb/sth with sth 用某物治疗某人/某物;treat sb for... 为某人治…病;treat...as... 把…看作… ② 常见的由动词加后缀 -ment 构成的名词还有:movement 移动;活动;agreement 同意;achievement 成绩;成就 17. plan to do sth 计划做某事 plan用作动词,意为“计划,打算”。例句:Mr Brown plans to go fishing after work. 拓展:plan〔名词〕计划,打算 常用搭配:make a plan (for...) (为……)制订计划;make a plan to do sth 制订计划做某事 18. 辨析:however与but however副词,然而,不过用于句中,用逗号隔开,也可用于句首,表示一种补充关系 but连词,但是,用于连接两个意思相反或不同的内容,书面语中通常不用于句首,后常无逗号,表示转折关系 19. illness〔名词〕病,疾病 例句:He can’t come because of illness. / He died after a long illness. 拓展:英语中,有些形容词加后缀 -ness 可构成名词,表示性质、状态。 例:kind → kindness(仁慈);good → goodness(善良);sad → sadness(悲伤);happy → happiness(幸福) 20. 辨析:either, too与also 三者都可用作副词,意为“也”,但用法有区别: either常用于否定句位于句末,其前常加逗号 too常用于肯定句或一般疑问句位于句末,其前常加逗号 also常用于肯定句位于句中,放在助动词、连系动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前 例句:If he doesn’t go, I won’t either. / Lucy likes red. I like red, too. / They also agree with me. 21. give up 放弃。可跟名词(短语)、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。give up是“动词 + 副词”型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时,应将人称代词放在give和up之间。 22. raise〔及物动词〕 ①募集;征集。常用搭配:raise money for 为……筹钱 例句:Each group had a task to raise money for the disabled. ②举起;抬起;提高;养育 例句:Please raise your right hand. / Don’t raise your voice at me. / I was born and raised in a small town. 23. (1) go public 公开,公之于众。例句:The school plans to go public with the new school rules. (2) public〔形容词〕公众的,大众的。例句:Don’t be so noisy. This is a public place. 拓展:in public 公开地,当众。例句:Don’t be noisy in public. 24. so far 到目前为止;迄今为止。相当于until now“直到现在”。 例句:Have you got any information about the writer so far? / How do you like it so far? 注意:so far指从过去某一时间开始到现在这一段时间。 25. mention〔及物动词〕提到,说起,谈到 常用结构:① mention sth 提及某事物。例句:I hope you won’t mention my name. ② mention sth to sb 向某人提及某事物。例句:I mentioned this idea to Joan, and she liked it. 拓展:Don’t mention it. 别客气。用于回答他人的感谢,与“You’re welcome.”同义。 例句:—Thanks for helping me. —Don’t mention it. 26. directly〔副词〕直接地;径直地;坦率地 例句:She speaks directly to the camera. / She looked directly at us. 27. solution〔可数名词〕解决,解决方法 常用搭配:come to a solution 得出解决方案;the solution to ……的解决办法 例句:My mum is glad that I have come to a solution. / Do you have a better solution to this problem? 拓展:solve〔及物动词〕解决;处理;解答。例句:I don’t know how to solve the problem. 28. a bottle of 一瓶…… bottle为可数名词,意为“瓶子”。可用“数词 + bottle(s) of...”表示物品的量,意为“……瓶……”。 例句:Please give me two bottles of juice. 29. 辨析:bring与take bring:(朝说话人而来)带来,拿来 take:(朝说话人而去)带走,拿走 30. flu〔名词〕流行性感冒,流感。常用搭配:have the flu 患流感 注意:“have a/an + 表示疾病的名词”意为“得……病”;而flu前不用a,要用the。 拓展:表示“患病”的常用短语:have a cold 感冒;have a cough 咳嗽;have a fever 发烧;have a sore throat 喉咙痛;have a headache 头痛;have a toothache 牙痛。 31. shut down 关闭;停下。是“动词 + 副词”结构,它强调机器等停止运转、关闭窗户,也可以指关闭医院、公司、工厂、店铺等。 例句:The computer system will be shut down over the weekend. 拓展:shut〔动词〕关上;合上 其过去式、过去分词都为shut。 32. homeless〔形容词〕无家可归的 它是由“home + 否定后缀 -less”构成的,在句中可作补足语、定语或表语。 例句:Floods made thousands of people homeless. / The dog is poor. It’s homeless. 拓展:常见的由后缀 -less 构成的单词:careless 粗心的;useless 无用的;harmless 无害的;meaningless 没有意义的;endless 无尽的;helpless 无助的。 33. increase〔动词〕增大,增加。常用搭配:increase by 增加了……;increase to 增加到…… 例句:Food prices increased by 10% in less than a year. / The population of the town has increased to 50,000. 34. donate〔动词〕捐赠,捐献。常用搭配:donate sth to sb 把某物捐给某人 拓展:donation〔名词〕捐赠物;捐助 例句:They received many donations from the other people. / The donation is about 10,000 dollars. 35. aim to do sth 旨在做某事;力求做某事 例句:This activity aims to help students develop their teamwork skills. / We aim to finish the project by the end of this month. 36. a circle of goodwill 善意的循环 circle①〔可数名词〕圆;圈。例句:She is drawing a circle. / a circle of chairs 一圈椅子 ②〔可数名词〕圈子,界,表示具有相同兴趣、职业等的人形成的群体。例句:a circle of friends 朋友圈 ③〔动词〕圈出。例句:Listen and circle the words you hear. 37. shake ①〔动词〕摇动;抖动 过去式为shook。 常用搭配:shake one’s head 摇头(表示否定、不赞成等);shake hands (with sb) (与某人)握手 例句:The house shook when the earthquake started. / People in China often shake hands when they meet for the first time. ②〔可数名词〕奶昔,一种用牛奶、冰激凌和水果或巧克力做的饮料。 例句:a strawberry shake 一杯草莓奶昔 38. jump ①〔动词〕跳,跃。常用搭配:jump to one’s feet 跳起来;猛地站起来。例句:She jumped when she heard the news. ②〔动词〕跳过;跃过。例句:The fox jumped the wall and ran away. 拓展:jump其他常见短语:jump into 跳入;jump off 跳离;jump over 跳过;jump out of 跳出;jump onto 跳到……上面;high jump 跳高;long jump 跳远。 39. shocked〔形容词〕吃惊的;震惊的。在句中可作定语或表语。 常用搭配:be shocked at 对……感到震惊;be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊 40. reduce sth to pieces 把某物(尤指建筑物)夷为废墟 例句:The heavy rain and strong wind reduced the old house to pieces. 拓展:break sth into pieces 把某物打碎 例句:She broke the plate into pieces while doing the dishes. 41. race ①〔动词〕(和……)比赛;参加比赛。常用搭配:race against 和……比赛;race to do sth 争着做某事 例句:Who will he race against in the next round? / The athletes raced to reach the finish line first. ②〔动词〕使比赛;让……参加速度比赛。例句:race dogs/horses 赛狗/赛马 ③〔名词〕赛跑;速度竞赛。例句:He will be the youngest runner in the race. 42. against〔介词〕 ①(在比赛或战斗中)对抗(某人或某事物) 常用搭配:play against 与……比赛/对抗;fight against 与……作斗争;guard against 防范/提防…… 例句:I’ll play against Lingling in the game. / We should try our best to fight against pollution. ②反对;靠;撞;逆着。例句:His parents are against his opinion. 43. touch ①〔及物动词〕感动,触动,打动。常用搭配:touch one’s heart 打动某人的心,令某人感动 例句:The story touched my heart. ②〔及物动词〕触摸。例句:Don’t touch the dog! It’s dangerous. ③〔名词〕触觉;触摸。例句:He felt a gentle touch on his shoulder. 拓展:keep/stay in touch (with sb) (与某人)保持联系;get in touch 取得联系 例句:Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with our friends. 44. make up one’s mind ①下定决心,决意。常用搭配:make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事(= decide to do sth) 例句:He made up his mind to return to his hometown. ②做出决定,拿定主意。例句:He thought about it for a while and made up his mind. ③确定对某事/某人的看法。例句:I’ve grown up and I can make up my mind about this. 45. graduate〔动词〕大学毕业 常用搭配:graduate from... 从……毕业;graduate in + 专业 毕业于……专业 例句:She graduated from the university. / I graduated in English. 拓展:graduation〔名词〕毕业;毕业典礼。例句:It’s not difficult for him to find a good job after graduation. 46. 辨析:another, the other, other, others与the others another泛指“三个或三个以上”中的“另一个”用作形容词时后接可数名词单数;也可用作代词 the other指“两个”之中的“另一个”,是特指常用在one...the other... 结构中,表示“一个……,另一个……” other意为“别的;其他的”用作形容词,其后常接复数名词,表示泛指 others泛指“其他的人或物”用作代词,相当于“other + 复数名词” the others特指一个整体内的“其他全部的人或物”相当于代词,相当于“the other + 复数名词” 例句:We need another chair. / I don’t like this skirt. Please show me another. / He has two sisters. One is Lily and the other is Lisa. / We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. / Some are cleaning the windows, and others are cleaning the floor. / Thirty of us are boys, and the others are girls. 47. warmth〔名词〕 ①温暖;暖和。例句:She felt the warmth. ②热情;友好。例句:They were touched by the warmth of the welcome. 拓展:warm〔形容词〕温暖的;暖和的。例句:warm weather 温暖的天气 48. It’s time for sb to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了。例句:It’s time for us to go to school. 拓展:① It’s time for sth. 该做某事了 / 到做某事的时间了。例句:It’s time for dinner. ② It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。有时可与“It’s time for sth.”互换。 例句:It’s time to have breakfast. = It’s time for breakfast. 49. 辨析:offer与provide offer主动提出;自愿给予;提供offer sb sth = offer sth to sb,意为“提供给某人某物”;offer to do sth 意为“主动提出做某事” provide提供;供应provide sb with sth = provide sth for/to sb,意为“提供给某人某物” 例句:She offered me a job. = She offered a job to me. / The school provided food for/to the students. = The school provided the students with food. 50. （1）by no means 决不;一点儿都不。用来强调否定的态度,与not by any means同义。 例句:He is by no means a bad student. / She is by no means afraid of difficulties. (2) means〔名词〕手段;方法;工具 例句:means of transport 交通工具;For them, the only means of communication was sign language. 51. patient ①〔形容词〕有耐心的;能忍耐的。常用搭配:be patient with 对……有耐心 例句:Facing the trouble, he is patient. / Mr Green is always patient with his students. ②〔可数名词〕病人。例句:All the doctors and nurses are patient with the patients. 52. surprise ①〔名词〕惊奇,惊讶;意想不到的事 常用搭配:to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是;in surprise 惊奇地,吃惊地;a look of surprise 惊讶的表情 例句:I have a surprise for you. / To my surprise, he left without saying a word. ②〔动词〕使(某人)吃惊。例句:His words greatly surprised us. 拓展:① surprised〔形容词〕感到意外的;惊奇的 常作表语,说明主语的感受。 例句:We were surprised that they lost the game. ② surprising〔形容词〕令人惊讶的 作表语或定语,常用来说明或修饰事物。例句:The news was surprising. 53. lucky〔形容词〕运气好的,幸运的。可作表语或定语。lucky的名词形式为luck(幸运,运气)。 常用搭配:be lucky to do sth 有幸做某事。例句:He is a lucky dog. / He is lucky to get some free pancakes. 54. 辨析:amazing与amazed amazing用作定语或表语说明事物的性质或特征 amazed常用作表语说明人对其他人或事物的感觉 例句:It’s an amazing discovery. / I was amazed at what he said. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $