Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 高中英语同步练习以“必备知识基础练+素养能力提升练”分层设计，通过基础语言知识巩固与语篇综合应用进阶，适配新授课教学，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |必备知识基础练|语法（词形变化、时态）、短语搭配、基础句型写作|单句语法填空（如starve→starvation）、短语填空（如result in）聚焦基础语言知识，单句写作强化句型应用| |素养能力提升练|语篇理解（细节、推理）、语篇衔接|阅读理解（环保主题）考查信息获取与推理，七选五（无塑料野餐）培养语篇逻辑，渗透文化意识与思维品质|

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The villagers were threatened with 　　　　　　(starve) when flood drowned their village. 2.The harmful chemicals 　　　　　　　(release) from the factory do great harm to the environment.  3.It’s important to recycle 　　　　　　(frequent) to minimize waste and conserve natural resources.  4.Would you please keep silent?The weather report 　　　　　　(broadcast) and I want to listen.  5.Using 　　　　　(sustain) materials in construction can help reduce our impact on the environment.  6.Access to protected areas is restricted 　　　　　preserve biodiversity and prevent habitat destruction.  Ⅱ.短语填空 refer to,result in,huge amounts of,deal with,along with 1.Improper disposal of electronic waste can 　　　　　　　　　　soil and water pollution,harming ecosystems.  2.Governments must 　　　　　　　　　　　deforestation by implementing strict policies and promoting reforestation initiatives.  3.When discussing climate change,scientists often 　　　　　　　　　the greenhouse effect and its impact on global temperatures.  4.　　　　　　　　　 reducing carbon emissions,investing in renewable energy is crucial for fighting climate change.  5.Industrial activities often produce 　　　　　　　　　　　　pollution,threatening the health of both people and the environment.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.毫无疑问,森林砍伐对生物多样性和生态系统产生了不利影响。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　deforestation has a bad impact on biodiversity and ecosystem.  2.塑料袋不仅对海洋生物有害,而且还导致了土地污染。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but they also contribute to land pollution.  3.工业活动对空气质量产生影响,影响着人类健康和生态系统。 Industrial activities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,affecting human health and ecosystems alike.  4.个人应当承担减少碳足迹的责任,节约能源并进行回收利用。 Individuals should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　reducing their carbon footprint by conserving energy and recycling.  5.如果没有适当的废物管理实践,我们的海洋将更加被塑料废弃物污染。 Without proper waste management practices,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with plastic waste.  二、素养能力提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A South Baltimore is surrounded by water,highways,and train tracks.It’s also often thought of as a place to avoid—folks are taught to be careful of or even avoid South Baltimore.“People think South Baltimore is a place filled with danger.It’s not.It’s just we’re surrounded by dangerous things,” says Taysia,17. Taysia is part of a group of student activists fighting against a very different kind of danger in their neighborhood:air pollution and climate change.Lots of trucks with their noise pass through the neighborhood.South Baltimore is also home to a junkyard where they crush(压碎) cars,an old landfill,chemical plants,and mountains of coal.These are not the communities anyone wants. The residents of South Baltimore are breathing polluted air today.Coal releases a black dust that’s small enough to get into people’s lungs.It can cause disease and death if you’re breathing it day after day.The mountains of coal are the focus of a growing opposition movement called Free Your Voice,led by South Baltimore teenagers. The teens of Free Your Voice are taking on a big opponent(对手):the massive transportation company CSX,which transports more than 8 million tons of coal through South Baltimore annually.CSX makes billions of dollars a year. The teens went door to door,warning their neighbors about the dangers of the coal transportation.Not everyone was on board at first.“We were talking to people and that’s just like,‘You’re a kid!Like this is not gonna change,it’s been happening forever.’” Taysia says. Meanwhile,the students spent the summer using sticky paper to gather samples of dust from all over the neighborhood to prove that the dust was from coal and to pinpoint which parts of the neighborhood were most affected. The goal is to eventually get the state regulators to deny the permit that CSX needs to operate,or at least require the company to enclose all the coal,or at the very least put water onto all of it so there’s less dust blowing around.And the state is considering all of those requests. 1.How did people describe South Baltimore according to Taysia? A.Wealthy. B.Dangerous. C.Peaceful. D.Inclusive. 2.What is the main focus of the opposition movement called Free Your Voice? A.The junkyard. B.The old landfill. C.The chemical plants. D.The coal transportation. 3.Why did some people in the neighborhood initially doubt the students’ efforts? A.They believed the pollution was harmless. B.They trusted CSX’s environmental practices. C.They had no awareness of the pollution and climate change. D.They thought the students were too young to make a change. 4.What method did the students use to gather evidence of coal-related pollution? A.Conducting surveys. B.Distributing leaflets. C.Using sticky paper for dust samples. D.Organizing protests. B Beginning construction in 1632,the Taj Mahal is located in this city of Agra.It is considered one of the most beautiful sites in the world.In fact,it was named one of the new seven wonders of the world. But it could become more difficult to see and to glimpse this glorious site because of pollution.It’s an unhealthy,even hazardous(危险的) problem for parts of India.Delhi,Kolkata,and Mumbai were among the 10 most polluted cities on earth this week,according to a Swiss company called IQAir. CNN’s Michael Holmes explains what it all means.India’s iconic monument almost lost in the smog in the city of Agra.We are facing difficulty in taking pictures of Taj Mahal due to pollution.The Taj Mahal is not clearly visible.Every year,when the temperatures drop and farmers burn their fields,the air turns toxic(有毒的) in many Indian cities. Delhi is notoriously(声名狼藉地) ranked among the world’s most polluted cities.And the current air quality there has once again reached hazardous conditions,forcing primary schools to temporarily close and many people to work from home or just stay indoors altogether.The problem is so serious.A recent air quality life index report says poor air quality could shorten an average Indian’s life expectancy by more than five years,if World Health Organization guidelines on controlling pollution aren’t met.And it’s even affecting one of the country’s favorite pastimes. India is currently hosting the Cricket World Cup with Bangladesh set to play Sri Lanka in a match in Delhi.But the air quality is so poor.Some players are wearing masks and both teams have canceled training sessions.The coach of Bangladesh’s team says the conditions have not been ideal. 5.Which is the least polluted city according to the text? A.Agra. B.Mumbai. C.Delhi. D.Kolkata. 6.What caused the air pollution in many Indian cities? A.Forest fires and farmers’ burning. B.Low temperature and forest fires. C.Global warming and low temperature. D.Low temperature and farmers’ burning. 7.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful scenic spots. B.All schools were forced to close in many Indian cities. C.Indians may have a shorter lifespan if no measures are taken. D.In the Cricket World Cup,India is set to play Bangladesh in a match. 8.What does the author want to convey in the passage? A.To reveal the real cause for air pollution. B.To express concern for the athletes in the match. C.To prove the Taj Mahal has lost its charm in smog. D.To show the impact of air pollution in India on all sides. Ⅴ.七选五 If you’re looking for something fun to do,pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat.However,there’s a wrong trend to view picnics as an excuse to transport food in single-use plastic containers.Sure,it means the cleanup is easy at the moment,but it just puts it off to a later point,when it takes the form of volunteer cleanups and landfill management.　1　 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.  •Use food containers smartly Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.　2　 For example,to reduce packaging,you can take along things like a loaf of bread,a whole watermelon,whole vegetables,a knife and a board to cut your food when you’re ready to eat.It doesn’t all have to be done and sealed(密封) before you leave the house.  •Choose real cutlery(餐具) Using washable dishes and cutlery for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.You’d have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag,so why not pack your dirty plates and cutlery into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home?　3　  •Think about the drinks Forget the single-use,single-serve drink bottles.　4　 Fill a large thermos(保温瓶) or personal water bottles with water,juice or lemonade at home.Compared with a single-use plastic cup,they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks colder for longer.  •Put cloth bags to good use Cloth bags are amazing.I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store.They’re perfect for packing sandwiches,dried or whole fruit,and other snack foods.You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking.They can also work as a napkin,tea towel,or trash bag if needed.　5　  A.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket. B.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy. C.To avoid this,a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea. D.If you’re worried about breaking,take some light camping plates. E.Instead,just bring along a cloth tablecloth to spread on the ground. F.These create a huge amount of waste,which can be easily avoided. G.In addition,keep in mind that you don’t have to pre-pack everything. 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.starvation　2.released　3.frequently　4.is being broadcast　5.sustainable　6.to Ⅱ.1.result in　2.deal with　3.refer to　4.Along with　5.huge amounts of Ⅲ.1.There is no doubt that　2.Not only do plastic bags harm marine life　3.have an impact on air quality　4.take responsibility for　5.our oceans would be even more polluted Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。由一群青少年创办的Free Your Voice组织致力于改善南巴尔的摩当地由煤炭带来的空气污染,尤其是运输煤炭的污染大户CSX运输公司。 1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“People think South Baltimore is a place filled with danger.It’s not.It’s just we’re surrounded by dangerous things,”可知,人们描述南巴尔的摩是个充满危险的地方。 2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The teens of Free Your Voice are taking on a big opponent:the massive transportation company CSX,which transports more than 8 million tons of coal through South Baltimore annually.”可知,煤炭运输是Free Your Voice运动的主要焦点。 3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“You’re a kid!Like this is not gonna change,it’s been happening forever.”可知,社区里的一些人最初怀疑学生们的努力是因为他们认为学生们太年轻,不能做出改变。 4.C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Meanwhile,the students spent the summer using sticky paper to gather samples of dust from all over the neighborhood to prove that the dust was from coal and to pinpoint which parts of the neighborhood were most affected.”可知,学生们使用粘纸进行粉尘取样的方法收集与煤有关的污染的证据。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度空气污染对各方面的影响。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Delhi,Kolkata,and Mumbai were among the 10 most polluted cities on earth this week,according to a Swiss company called IQAir.”和倒数第二段中“Delhi is notoriously ranked among the world’s most polluted cities.”可知,德里、加尔各答、孟买相对于阿格拉污染要严重些。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Every year,when the temperatures drop and farmers burn their fields,the air turns toxic in many Indian cities.”可知,印度许多城市空气污染的成因是气温降低和农民焚烧田地。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“A recent air quality life index report says poor air quality could shorten an average Indian’s life expectancy by more than five years,if World Health Organization guidelines on controlling pollution aren’t met.”可知,如果不采取措施控制污染,印度人的寿命可能会缩短。 8.D　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第二段中“But it could become more difficult to see and to glimpse this glorious site because of pollution.It’s an unhealthy,even hazardous problem for parts of India.”可知,文章主要介绍了印度空气污染对各方面的影响。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章描述无塑料野餐,并给出了具体的建议。 1.C　上文讲述这些一次性塑料容器最终被志愿者清理或者进入垃圾填埋场,下文提出一些避免塑料垃圾的有效建议,C项承上启下,符合语境。 2.G　上文讲述使用可重复的容器可以减少浪费,下文讲述了几种减少包装的方法,G项中的“don’t have to pre-pack everything”与之呼应,故选G项。 3.D　上文建议野餐使用可清洗的盘子和餐具并把盘子和餐具装进袋子里带回家,D项中的“plates”符合语境,因此推断D项(如果你担心打破,带一些轻的露营盘子。)符合语境。 4.F　上文说明不要使用一次性饮料瓶,下文建议使用大保温瓶和水瓶装饮料,F项中的“These create a huge amount of waste”是上文使用一次性饮料瓶的结果,下文的建议是对避免这种浪费的做法,因此推断F项符合语境。These指代上文提到的drink bottles。 5.A　上文“They’re perfect for packing sandwiches,...or trash bag if needed.”讲述了使用布袋的益处,因此推断携带几个布袋是必要的,A项(一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。)符合语境。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $