Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking 同步练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第三册

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.This is the 　　　　(全部的) process of the event, which has attracted 　　　　(世界各地的) attention.  2.In order to cut down the e　　　　 of c　　　　 dioxide, the citizens are persuaded to cycle to work.  3.We should expand our global vision and develop keen insight into the 　　　　(趋势) of human development and progress.  4.The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the 　　　　(政策) has shown.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The speed of vehicles is restricted 　　　　　 30 mph in towns in this country.  2.My main task is to make the house 　　　　　(habitat) and help my family easily fall asleep.  3.Spotting a thief in the street, the policeman charged forward straight away and seized him 　　　　　 the arm.  4.It's reported that many famous 　　　　　 analyzed how the “greenhouse effect” has an effect on the earth 　　　　　.(ecology)  5.During Major Cold, the cold waves 　　　　　(frequent) move southward, making it the coldest season of the year.  6.With the development of Chinese rural tourism, some problems affecting the 　　　　　(sustain) development have arisen.  7.In the past, some people suffered from 　　　　　(starve), but now more are starving themselves 　　　　　(lose) weight and get slim.  8.Cookery shows and documentaries about food 　　　　　(broadcast) more often than before.  9.As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere 　　　　　(fuel) my appetite quite like Italy.  10.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, 　　　　　(release) the steam and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.一些在运动中受了重伤的人或许以后会放弃他们最喜爱的运动。(sustain) Some people 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the exercise may give up their favorite sports later.  2.毫无疑问,家是一个成员们应该相互理解和享受爱的地方。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　home is a place where members should understand each other and enjoy love. 3.她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她哥哥与家庭教师一起上中文课的时候。(seize;定语从句) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　　In recent years, climate change has had a great impact　1　 the animals. In 2013, the whole world 　2　(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, 　3　(probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.  　　What is causing the increase? Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect,　4　 includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 　5　 big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 　6　(leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural 　7　(disaster).  Climate scientists warn that actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a　8　(high) price to pay. Governments should take measures 　9　(reduce) greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 　10　(different) by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide they produce.  1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　  Ⅱ.语法填空 　　The ecological environment in the Sanjiangyuan National Park in northwest China's Qinghai Province 　1　(continue) to improve since the establishment of the national park in 2021, with water conservation capacity increasing by more than 6 percent annually, according to a newly 　2　(release) report on the park's development.  　　The park delivers over 60 billion cubic meters of high-quality freshwater downstream every year,　3　 the grassland coverage and grass yield in the park have increased by over 11 percent and 30 percent 　4　(respective), according to the report.  　　　5　(locate) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Sanjiangyuan region contains the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, and is known as the “Water Tower of Asia”. In 2021, the Sanjiangyuan National Park, along with the other four parks, 　6　(list) as China's first batch of national parks. The park has a total area of 190,700 square kilometers, with an average altitude(海拔) of more than 4,700 meters.  　　According to Losang Tsering,　7　 is an engineer of the Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration, the park has prioritized ecological restoration over the years, 　8　(focus) on ecosystems such as glaciers and snow-capped mountains and high-altitude grasslands and meadows.  　　The Sanjiangyuan region is a typical　9　(represent) of the alpine(高山的) ecosystem and serves as an alpine biological germplasm bank, making 　10　 a crucial ecological security barrier in China.  1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　  Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 　　The Arctic could see summer days with no sea ice as early as next decade, according to a new study by the University of Colorado Boulder. 　　Moreover, by accounting for a long-term warming stage in the Pacific, the findings of the study suggest that the first ice-free day in the Arctic could occur over 10 years earlier than previously predicated, closer to 2035 than 2050. The trend remains consistent under all emissions from fossil fuels. For example, under a high-emission prediction, the planet's northernmost region could become ice-free even in some winter months. 　　Declines in sea ice have significant impacts on Arctic animals that rely on sea ice for survival, including seals and polar bears. In addition, as the ocean warms up, researchers are concerned that non-native fish could move into the Arctic Ocean. The impact of these invasive species on local ecosystems remains unclear. Sea ice loss also poses a risk to the communities living near the coastal region. 　　While an ice-free Arctic is unavoidable, future emission levels will still determine how often the conditions occur. At an intermediate(中等程度的) emission level, a path the current society is on, the Arctic might become ice-free only during late summer and early fall from August to October. But at the highest emission level, the Arctic could be ice-free for up to nine months by late this century. “This would transform the Arctic into a completely different environment, from a white summer Arctic to a blue Arctic. So even if ice-free conditions are unavoidable, we still need to keep our emissions as low as possible to avoid prolonged ice-free conditions,” scientist and researcher Alexandra Jahn said. 　　“Unlike the ice sheet in Greenland that took thousands of years to build, even if we melt all the Arctic sea ice, if we can then figure out how to take CO2 back out of the atmosphere in the future to reverse(使逆转) warming, sea ice will come back within a decade,” Jahn stressed. 1.According to the new study, when could the Arctic see its first ice-free day? A.Near 2035.　　　B.After the next decade. C.By 2050.　　　 D.By late this century. 2.What would happen if the Arctic became ice-free? A.There would be no non-native fish in the Arctic. B.Seals and polar bears would lose their habitats. C.The Arctic would become a different white region. D.The people living nearby would be flooded out. 3.What determine(s) the frequency of the Arctic becoming ice-free? A.Future emission levels.　　　B.The warming stage in the Pacific. C.The local ecosystems.　　　D.The technological level. 4.What is Jahn's attitude towards the Arctic becoming ice-free? A.Discouraged.　　　B.Supportive.　　　 C.Indifferent.　　　D.Positive. B 　　As awareness of climate change grows, so does the desire to do something about it. One way to gain a quantifiable(可量化的) understanding of the impacts of our actions, for good and bad, is through what is known as a carbon footprint. While the concept is gaining traction, it is not always fully understood. 　　According to Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster University in the UK and author of How Bad Are Bananas?:The Carbon Footprint of Everything, a carbon footprint is “the sum total of all the greenhouse gas emissions that had to take place in order for a product to be produced or for an activity to take place”. 　　What steps a person can take to reduce their personal footprint depends on the kind of lifestyle they presently live, and the same actions are not equally effective for everyone. Berners-Lee notes that “for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”. 　　It isn't easy to calculate a carbon footprint. The earliest such calculator is thought to have appeared in 2004 as part of the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints as an indication that climate change is not the fault of an oil giant, but that of individuals. 　　“I would say personal carbon footprint calculators are a useful tool to assess the impact of your immediate actions,” Berners-Lee says. “But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet, for example, how you vote, where you work, how you invest your money, and how much you talk about climate change.” 5.What does the underlined word “traction” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A.Attention.　　　B.Insight.　　　C.Control.　　　D.Power. 6.How does Berners-Lee explain his opinion according to paragraph 3? A.By presenting a fact.　　　 B.By giving suggestions. C.By clarifying a concept.　　　D.By making a comparison. 7.What is the observers' attitude to the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP? A.Unclear.　　　 B.Favorable.　　　 C.Tolerant.　　　D.Disapproving. 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Tools are more important than choices. B.Calculating carbon footprints is the most effective. C.The climate shadow covers a broad range of actions. D.Only individuals are responsible for climate change. 答案 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.comprehensive;worldwide　2.emission;carbon 3.trends　4.policy Ⅱ.1.to　考查介词。句意:在这个国家的城镇,车辆的速度被限制在每小时30英里。be restricted to为固定搭配,表示“被限制在……”。故填to。 2.habitable　考查形容词。句意:我主要的任务是使房子变得适合居住,并帮助我的家人容易入睡。设空处作宾语补足语,对宾语the house进行补充说明,应用形容词。故填habitable。 3.by　考查介词。句意:警察在街上发现一个小偷,就立刻冲上前去抓住他的胳膊。“seize sb. by the+身体部位”意为“抓住某人的某个部位”。故填by。 4.ecologists;ecologically　考查名词和副词。句意:据报道,许多著名的生态学家都从生态学的角度分析了“温室效应”是如何影响地球的。第一空作从句主语,且前面有many famous,所以应用名词复数,故填ecologists;第二空作状语,应用副词,故填ecologically。 5.frequently　考查副词。句意:在大寒期间,寒潮经常向南移动,使其成为一年中最冷的时节。设空处修饰动词move,应用副词。故填frequently。 6.sustainable　考查形容词。句意:随着中国乡村旅游业的发展,一些影响可持续发展的问题出现了。设空处修饰名词development,应用形容词。故填sustainable。 7.starvation;to lose　考查名词和动词不定式。句意:过去一些人遭受饥饿之苦,但现在更多的人却通过节食来减肥并且变得苗条。第一空作宾语,应用名词,suffer from starvation意为“遭受饥饿之苦”,故填starvation;第二空作目的状语,应用动词不定式,故填to lose。 8.are broadcast　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:烹饪节目和关于食物的纪录片比以前更频繁地播出。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据语境可知此处陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时;主语Cookery shows and documentaries about food(复数)与提示词broadcast之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填are broadcast。 9.fuels　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:作为一个美食家,要想抓住我的心,就得先抓住我的胃,而没有什么地方能像意大利那样让我胃口大开。分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处作后一分句的谓语;后一分句的主语nowhere表示单数意义,根据语境和前一分句中的is可知,后一分句应用一般现在时。故填fuels。 10.releasing　考查现在分词。句意:想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,释放蒸汽,冒汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包塞进嘴里,让热汤汁在舌头上爆裂。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词release与其逻辑主语you之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。 Ⅲ.1.sustaining a serious injury　2.There is no doubt that 3.The only opportunity she could seize to study 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.on/upon　考查介词。have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。故填on或upon。 2.was shocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语In 2013可知应用一般过去时;主语the whole world(单数)与提示词shock之间为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),所以应用被动语态。故填was shocked。 3.probably　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填probably。 4.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面是名词短语the greenhouse effect,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,故用which引导从句。 5.a　考查冠词。设空处后面的problem是可数名词,此处表示泛指,且big的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 6.leaving　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;设空处所在部分是前面所描述情况的自然而然的结果,所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。 7.disasters　考查名词复数。根据语境可知,设空处表示的自然灾害不止一种,应用名词复数。故填disasters。 8.higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和Otherwise可知这里含有比较的意思,应用形容词的比较级。故填higher。 9.to reduce　考查动词不定式。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to reduce。 10.difference　考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配,表示“有影响;起作用”。故填difference。 Ⅱ.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三江源国家公园及其重要意义。 1.has continued　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:根据一份新发布的关于三江源国家公园发展情况的报告,自2021年位于中国西北部青海省的三江源国家公园设立以来,该国家公园的生态环境持续改善,其水源涵养能力每年提高逾6%。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据语境和时间状语“since the establishment of the national park in 2021”可知应用现在完成时;主语“The ecological environment”表示单数意义,谓语应用单数。故填has continued。 2.released　考查过去分词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处作定语,修饰名词report,两者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填released。 3.and　考查连词。句意:该报告称,该公园每年向下游输送超过600亿立方米的优质淡水,公园的草地覆盖率和产草量分别增长了逾11%和逾30%。分析句子可知,设空处前后为两个完整的句子,结合语境可知它们之间为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。 4.respectively　考查副词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处修饰谓语have increased,应用副词。故填respectively。 5.Located　考查非谓语动词。句意:三江源地区位于青藏高原,包含长江、黄河、澜沧江的源头,被誉为“亚洲水塔”。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,应用非谓语动词;提示词locate与其逻辑主语the Sanjiangyuan region之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词。故填Located。 6.was listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2021年,三江源国家公园与其他四个公园一同被列入中国首批国家公园名单。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据时间状语“In 2021”可知应用一般过去时;主语the Sanjiangyuan National Park(单数)与提示词list之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was listed。 7.who　考查定语从句。句意见“长难句”。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Losang Tsering,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词who引导。 8.focusing　考查动词-ing形式。句意见“长难句”。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,提示词focus与其逻辑主语the park之间为主动关系,所以应用动词-ing形式。故填focusing。 9.representative　考查名词。句意:三江源地区是高山生态系统的典型代表,充当着高山生物种质资源库,这使其成为中国一个至关重要的生态安全屏障。根据空前的a typical可知,设空处应用名词单数;根据语境可知,设空处表示“代表”,应用名词representative。 10.it　考查代词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处指代上文中的“The Sanjiangyuan region”,作making的宾语,应用代词it。 Ⅲ.A 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章根据科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一项新研究,阐述了北极地区夏季可能无海冰的情况,以及这一趋势对北极动物、生态系统和沿海社区的影响。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the findings of the study suggest that the first ice-free day in the Arctic could occur over 10 years earlier than previously predicated, closer to 2035 than 2050”可知,北极最早可能在2035年左右迎来第一个无冰日。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Declines in sea ice have significant impacts on Arctic animals that rely on sea ice for survival, including seals and polar bears.”可知,如果北极无冰,那么海豹和北极熊会失去它们的栖息地。故选B。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While an ice-free Arctic is unavoidable, future emission levels will still determine how often the conditions occur.”可知,尽管北极无冰的情况不可避免,但未来的排放水平仍将决定这种情况出现的频率。故选A。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jahn说的话“...even if we melt all the Arctic sea ice, if we can then figure out how to take CO2 back out of the atmosphere in the future to reverse warming, sea ice will come back within a decade”可知,Jahn认为可以通过努力逆转北极迎来无冰状态这一趋势,所以她对此的态度是积极的。故选D。 B 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳足迹的定义以及如何通过碳足迹来量化地了解我们的行为的影响。 5.A　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到,随着人们对气候变化的意识日益增强,对气候变化采取行动的愿望也越来越强烈;画线词所在句子的后半句提到,它并不总是被完全理解;再根据表示让步意义的While可知,“碳足迹”这个概念正在得到关注,但没有被完全理解。所以画线词traction意为“关注,知名度”,与attention同义。故选A。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”可推断,Berners-Lee通过作比较来解释他的观点。故选D。 7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The earliest such calculator... the ‘Beyond Petroleum’ campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints”可推断,观察家们对该运动持反对态度。故选D。 8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet”可推断,气候阴影涵盖了广泛的行为。故选C。 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $